Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the duodenum.
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
The region between the sharp indentation at the lower third of the STOMACH (incisura angularis) and the junction of the PYLORUS with the DUODENUM. Pyloric antral glands contain mucus-secreting cells and gastrin-secreting endocrine cells (G CELLS).

Helicobacter pylori: the Middle East scenario. (1/90)

A review of Helicobacter pylori in the Middle East is presented. Prevalence studies have been performed in asymptomatic population groups from Algeria, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. These showed that the prevalence of H. pylori is similar to that of the developing countries of the world with a high level of infection in childhood (40 to 70 percent), which increases with age to 85 to 90 percent. Israel, however, has a low prevalence in children (10 percent), but there is a rapid rise in the second decade of life to 39 percent, reaching 79 percent in those over 60 years old. The prevalence rates were higher in those living in communal settlements (72 percent) than in urban dwellers (65 percent). The infection rates were higher in persons of Mediterranean and Asian origin (89 percent) compared to those of Western European/North American origin (57 percent). The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in patients undergoing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal symptoms has now been reported from many Middle Eastern countries, including Egypt, Iran, Israel, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. These studies showed that patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease had similar rates of infection as reported from Europe, United States and Africa (71 to 92 percent). However, patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia had higher rates of infection (61 to 89 percent). The H. pylori scenario from the prevalence rates, treatment protocols and responses to treatment does not differ very much from other developing areas of the world.  (+info)

Randomized study comparing omeprazole with ranitidine as anti-secretory agents combined in quadruple second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens. (2/90)

BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the efficacy of second-line H. pylori eradication regimens. AIM: To compare the efficacy of either omeprazole or ranitidine in a second-line quadruple regimen in patients with duodenal ulcer or erosive duodenitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 37 patients with erosive duodenitis and 119 with duodenal ulcer who have failed eradication of H. pylori with double or triple regimens, without metronidazole, were randomly assigned to receive tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 600 mg t.d.s. + metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s. + tetracycline hydrochloride 500 mg t.d. s. combined with either omeprazole 20 mg b.d. (group O, 78 patients) or ranitidine 300 mg b.d. (group R, 78 patients) for 14 days. H. pylori eradication was verified by histology, rapid urease test and 13C-urea breath test. STATISTICS: t-test, chi2-test. RESULTS: A total of 143 patients had a post-treatment endoscopy. Eradication rates were: intention-to-treat: group O 77% (67-87), group R 76% (66-85), P=0.85; per protocol analysis: group O 86% (77-95), group R 82 (71-93), P=0.58. Side-effects were frequent but mild. CONCLUSIONS: Omeprazole 20 mg b.d. and ranitidine 300 mg b.d. were equally effective as antisecretory agents combined in a second-line quadruple eradication regimen.  (+info)

Study of diagnostic modalities and pathology of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. (3/90)

To evaluate various diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in children, and to study the spectrum of endoscopic and histological changes in the stomach and duodenum of children with gastroduodenal disorders, associated with Hp infection Children below 12 years of age with various gastroduodenal disorders requiring upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were studied. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were collected from duodenum and antrum. Apart from histopathological examination of biopsy material, rapid urease test (RUT) of the antral biopsy specimen and blood examination to estimate specific IgG antibodies to Hp by Indirect Solid Phase Enzyme Immunoassay was performed. Forty seven children were included. Nine (19.1%) of them were positive both by serology and RUT. Seven (14.9%) were positive by histology. A significant correlation of Hp was noticed with chronic antral gastritis (p = 0.002) and chronic duodenitis (p = 0.006). Age equal to or more than 10 years was found to be significant risk factor for acquiring Hp infection. Prevalence of Hp in children with gastroduodenal complaints was found to be 19%. Both RUT and serology were found to be reliable diagnostic tests for Hp as compared with histology. Antral gastritis and chronic duodenitis had a significant correlation with Hp colonization.  (+info)

Helicobacter pylori infection and subsequent peptic duodenal disease among young adults. (4/90)

BACKGROUND: Evidence for a causal relationship between presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosa and development of peptic disease is based largely on intervention studies in which eradication of H. pylori led to healing of the lesion. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of H. pylori seropositivity for subsequent development of peptic disease in a prospective study design in young Israelis. METHODS: A nested case-control serum bank study based on a systematic sample of male and female inductees to the Israel Defense Force. Twenty-nine cases of duodenal ulcer or duodenitis of moderate or higher severity, diagnosed between 1986 and 1995, were individually matched for age, sex, ethnicity, education and year of induction, with five healthy controls each. Presence of anti-H. pylori antibodies in the frozen stored sera was determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The geometric mean titre of anti-H. pylori antibodies at baseline was significantly higher in cases (18. 3 U/ml) than controls (6.9 U/ml; P = 0.009). The matched odds ratio for peptic ulcer disease by seropositivity was 3.8 (95% CI : 1.4-10. 2). A stronger association was evident for subjects diagnosed > or =2 years after induction than those diagnosed earlier. The population attributable fraction was 56.6% (95% CI : 15.7-81.1). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing infection with H. pylori, as determined by seropositivity, is an important determinant of development of duodenal ulcer or duodenitis in young Israelis, supporting the generalizability of an apparent causal association to diverse populations.  (+info)

Differences in surface-exposed antigen expression between Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from duodenal ulcer patients and from asymptomatic subjects. (5/90)

We have analyzed possible qualitative and quantitative differences in antigen expression between Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from the antrum and different locations in the duodenum of 21 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 20 asymptomatic subjects (AS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inhibition ELISA. Almost all antral and duodenal strains grown in vitro expressed the N-acetyl-neuroaminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin, flagellins (subunits FlaA and FlaB), urease, a 26-kDa protein, and a neutrophil-activating protein. In 75% of both the DU patients and the AS, antral H. pylori strains expressed either the blood group antigen Lewis y (Le(y)) alone or together with the Le(x) antigen. However, duodenal H. pylori strains of DU patients expressed Le(y) antigen more frequently than corresponding strains of AS (P < 0.05). Presence of Le(y) on H. pylori was related to the degree of active duodenitis (P < 0.05). Duodenal H. pylori strains isolated from AS were significantly more often Lewis nontypeable than duodenal strains of DU patients (P < 0.01). Presence of H. pylori blood group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA) was significantly higher on both antral and duodenal strains isolated from DU patients than on corresponding strains isolated from AS (P < 0.05). BabA-positive duodenal H. pylori strains isolated from DU patients were associated with active duodenitis more frequently than corresponding strains isolated from AS (P < 0.01). Infection with H. pylori strains positive for Le(y) and BabA in the duodenum is associated with development of duodenal ulcer formation.  (+info)

99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy fails to detect Crohn's disease in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. (6/90)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of (99m)Tc-HMPAO (hexamethyl propylene amine oxime) leucocyte scintigraphy as a non-invasive screening test for inflammatory bowel disease. PATIENTS: 10 children with suspected Crohn's disease, in whom routine investigation using barium contrast radiology, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, and mucosal biopsies had identified severe gastroduodenal and/or jejunal involvement. DESIGN: (99m)Tc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphic studies performed in each of these cases were assessed by a radiologist who was blinded to the disease distribution. RESULTS: In nine cases there was no scintigraphic evidence of inflammation in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. The 10th child had both gastroduodenal and jejunal involvement, but scintigraphy only revealed faint jejunal positivity. CONCLUSIONS: (99m)Tc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy should not be depended upon as a screening test for Crohn's disease. False negative results are likely in cases with Crohn's disease confined to the proximal gastrointestinal tract.  (+info)

Faecal elastase 1 concentration is a marker of duodenal enteropathy. (7/90)

BACKGROUND: Measurement of faecal elastase (FE1) is used widely to screen for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PI). FE1 does not allow differentiation of primary from secondary PI. AIMS: To investigate the relation between duodenal morphology and FE1 in children with secondary PI resulting from primary gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: A group of 51 children underwent small intestinal biopsy and FE1 measurement. Villus to crypt ratio (VCR) and inflammation within the lamina propria of duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens were scored and compared with FE1 values. RESULTS: In 51 children from nine diagnostic categories, a highly significant correlation between FE1 and both duodenal morphology and inflammation was found. CONCLUSION: Small bowel enteropathy is associated with low FE1 concentrations, indicative of secondary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.  (+info)

A simple method to demonstrate duodenal gastric metaplasia. (8/90)

AIMS: The diagnosis of duodenal gastric metaplasia (DGM) is based on the demonstration of periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive mucin in duodenal columnar cells. Recently, groups of duodenal columnar cells were seen to be autofluorescent in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections from a patient with DGM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive archival gastric and duodenal H&E sections from 30 patients with chronic gastritis and DGM (CG+DGM), from 30 with chronic gastritis without DGM (control group I), from 30 with normal gastric and duodenal mucosa (control group II), and from five patients with coeliac disease (control group III) were reviewed on a fluorescent microscope. RESULTS: The surface epithelium of the gastric mucosa in all 95 cases had autofluorescent material. In 31 cases with DGM (including one unreported case in control group I), groups of columnar duodenal cells also had autofluorescent material. In the remaining 64 cases, duodenal columnar cells were not autofluorescent. Results were confirmed with the PAS stain. CONCLUSIONS: The method described detected apical mucin secretion in columnar cells, both in the stomach and in the duodenum from patients with DGM. The autofluorescence was induced by eosin (which binds to neutral mucin). Observing H&E stained duodenal biopsies under a fluorescence microscope may be sufficient to confirm DGM or to detect incipient DGM. Despite long observation periods and a long exposure time while photographing, the autofluorescence did not fade away. Because re-cuttings for special staining (PAS) are no longer required when this method is used, both final diagnosing time and laboratory costs can be reduced.  (+info)

Duodenitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine that receives chyme (partially digested food) from the stomach. The inflammation can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Duodenitis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections (such as Helicobacter pylori), regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease. In some cases, the cause may remain unidentified, leading to a diagnosis of "non-specific duodenitis."

Treatment for duodenitis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as eradicating H. pylori infection or discontinuing NSAID use. Acid-suppressing medications and antacids may also be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and promote healing of the duodenal lining. In severe cases, endoscopic procedures or surgery might be necessary to manage complications like bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, immediately following the stomach. It is a C-shaped structure that is about 10-12 inches long and is responsible for continuing the digestion process that begins in the stomach. The duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach through the pyloric valve and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bile produced by the pancreas and liver, respectively. These enzymes help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules, allowing for efficient absorption in the remaining sections of the small intestine.

Duodenoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a duodenoscope, which is a flexible, lighted tube with a camera and tiny tools on the end, through the mouth and down the throat to examine the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum) and the opening of the bile and pancreatic ducts.

During the procedure, the doctor can take tissue samples for biopsy, remove polyps or other abnormal growths, or perform other interventions as needed. Duodenoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and treat conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, infection, and cancer.

It's important to note that duodenoscopes have been associated with the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in some cases, so healthcare providers must follow strict cleaning and disinfection protocols to minimize this risk.

A duodenal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that develops in the lining of the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. It is characterized by a break in the mucosal layer of the duodinal wall, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Duodenal ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between digestive acid and mucus production, which can be exacerbated by factors such as bacterial infection (commonly with Helicobacter pylori), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, smoking, and stress. Symptoms may include gnawing or burning abdominal pain, often occurring a few hours after meals or during the night, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Complications can be severe, including bleeding, perforation, and obstruction of the duodenum. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, and treatment may include antibiotics (if H. pylori infection is present), acid-suppressing medications, lifestyle modifications, and potentially surgery in severe cases.

Duodenal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. Here are some examples of duodenal diseases:

1. Duodenitis: This is inflammation of the duodenum, which can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Duodenitis can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or chronic inflammation due to conditions like Crohn's disease.
2. Peptic ulcers: These are sores that develop in the lining of the duodenum, usually as a result of infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria or long-term use of NSAIDs. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, bloating, and heartburn.
3. Duodenal cancer: This is a rare type of cancer that affects the duodenum. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, and blood in the stool.
4. Celiac disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine in response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the duodenum.
5. Duodenal diverticulosis: This is a condition in which small pouches form in the lining of the duodenum. While many people with duodenal diverticulosis do not experience symptoms, some may develop complications such as inflammation or infection.
6. Duodenal atresia: This is a congenital condition in which the duodenum does not form properly, leading to blockage of the intestine. This can cause symptoms such as vomiting and difficulty feeding in newborns.

Gastritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections (such as Helicobacter pylori), regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and stress.

Gastritis can present with a range of symptoms, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and bloating. In some cases, gastritis may not cause any noticeable symptoms. Depending on the severity and duration of inflammation, gastritis can lead to complications like stomach ulcers or even stomach cancer if left untreated.

There are two main types of gastritis: acute and chronic. Acute gastritis develops suddenly and may last for a short period, while chronic gastritis persists over time, often leading to atrophy of the stomach lining. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy and tissue biopsy to assess the extent of inflammation and rule out other potential causes of symptoms. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, or lifestyle modifications.

Metaplasia is a term used in pathology to describe the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another differentiated cell type within a tissue or organ. It is an adaptive response of epithelial cells to chronic irritation, inflammation, or injury and can be reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed. Metaplastic changes are often associated with an increased risk of cancer development in the affected area.

For example, in the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic exposure to stomach acid can lead to metaplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium into columnar epithelium, a condition known as Barrett's esophagus. This metaplastic change is associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.

The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.

In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.

Cimetidine is a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist, which is a type of medication that reduces the production of stomach acid. It works by blocking the action of histamine on the H2 receptors in the stomach, which are responsible for stimulating the release of stomach acid. By blocking these receptors, cimetidine reduces the amount of stomach acid produced and can help to relieve symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and stomach ulcers.

Cimetidine is available by prescription in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid. It is typically taken two or three times a day, depending on the specific condition being treated. Common side effects of cimetidine may include headache, dizziness, diarrhea, and constipation.

In addition to its use in treating stomach acid-related conditions, cimetidine has also been studied for its potential anti-cancer properties. Some research suggests that it may help to enhance the immune system's response to cancer cells and reduce the growth of certain types of tumors. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosage and duration of treatment.

Helicobacter infections are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which colonizes the stomach lining and is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. The infection can lead to chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer.

The spiral-shaped H. pylori bacteria are able to survive in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach by producing urease, an enzyme that neutralizes gastric acid in their immediate vicinity. This allows them to adhere to and colonize the epithelial lining of the stomach, where they can cause inflammation (gastritis) and disrupt the normal functioning of the stomach.

Transmission of H. pylori typically occurs through oral-oral or fecal-oral routes, and infection is more common in developing countries and in populations with lower socioeconomic status. The diagnosis of Helicobacter infections can be confirmed through various tests, including urea breath tests, stool antigen tests, or gastric biopsy with histology and culture. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to eradicate the bacteria and reduce stomach acidity.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately 50% of the global population. It is closely associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood and can persist for life if not treated. The bacterium's spiral shape and flagella allow it to penetrate the mucus layer and adhere to the gastric epithelium, where it releases virulence factors that cause inflammation and tissue damage. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be made through various tests, including urea breath test, stool antigen test, or histological examination of a gastric biopsy. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to eradicate the bacteria and promote healing of the stomach lining.

Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that are derived from B cells (another type of white blood cell) and are responsible for producing antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that help the body to fight against infections by recognizing and binding to specific antigens, such as bacteria or viruses. Plasma cells are found in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes, and they play a crucial role in the immune system's response to infection.

Plasma cells are characterized by their large size, eccentric nucleus, and abundant cytoplasm filled with rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is where antibody proteins are synthesized and stored. When activated, plasma cells can produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies into the bloodstream and lymphatic system, where they can help to neutralize or eliminate pathogens.

It's worth noting that while plasma cells play an important role in the immune response, abnormal accumulations of these cells can also be a sign of certain diseases, such as multiple myeloma, a type of cancer that affects plasma cells.

Dyspepsia is a medical term that refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often accompanied by symptoms such as bloating, nausea, belching, and early satiety (feeling full quickly after starting to eat). It is also commonly known as indigestion. Dyspepsia can have many possible causes, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, gastritis, and functional dyspepsia (a condition in which there is no obvious structural or biochemical explanation for the symptoms). Treatment for dyspepsia depends on the underlying cause.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope for the presence of disease. This can help doctors diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as cancer, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location and nature of the suspected condition. Some common types of biopsies include:

1. Incisional biopsy: In this procedure, a surgeon removes a piece of tissue from an abnormal area using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. This type of biopsy is often used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely during the initial biopsy.

2. Excisional biopsy: An excisional biopsy involves removing the entire abnormal area, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This technique is typically employed for smaller lesions or when cancer is suspected.

3. Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from the body. There are two main types of needle biopsies: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA extracts loose cells, while a core needle biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.

4. Punch biopsy: In a punch biopsy, a round, sharp tool is used to remove a small cylindrical sample of skin tissue. This type of biopsy is often used for evaluating rashes or other skin abnormalities.

5. Shave biopsy: During a shave biopsy, a thin slice of tissue is removed from the surface of the skin using a sharp razor-like instrument. This technique is typically used for superficial lesions or growths on the skin.

After the biopsy sample has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and provide a diagnosis based on their findings. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition.

The pyloric antrum is the distal part of the stomach, which is the last portion that precedes the pylorus and the beginning of the duodenum. It is a thickened, muscular area responsible for grinding and mixing food with gastric juices during digestion. The pyloric antrum also helps regulate the passage of chyme (partially digested food) into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter, which controls the opening and closing of the pylorus. This region is crucial in the gastrointestinal tract's motor functions and overall digestive process.

... is inflammation of the duodenum. It may persist acutely or chronically. Known symptoms of duodenitis include: ... Duodenal lymphocytosis Idiopathic Acute duodenitis Chronic duodenitis Diagnosis is generally made by endoscopy with biopsy to ... Abdominal pain vomiting nausea discomfort in stomach Known causes of duodenitis include: Helicobacter pylori infection Coeliac ...
Duodenitis - inflammation of the small intestine. May be the result of several conditions Gallstones Pancreatitis - can be ...
"Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (17): 1624-1634. ... lirentelimab was found to improve eosinophil counts and symptoms in individuals with eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis. ...
Proximal enteritis, also known as anterior enteritis or duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ), is inflammation of the duodenum ... Edwards, G. B. (2000). "Duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (anterior enteritis) as a surgical problem". Equine Veterinary Education ...
October 2020). "Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (17 ... lirentelimab was found to improve eosinophil counts and symptoms in individuals with eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis. ...
Inflammation of the duodenum is referred to as duodenitis. There are multiple known causes. The name duodenum is from Medieval ...
October 2020). "Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (17 ... a monoclonal antibody targeting SIGLEC8 has been evaluated as a treatment for eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis. GRCh38: ...
This is called esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, ileitis, and colitis depending on the parts affected. It can be due to ...
He was depressed and sick after being diagnosed with gastritis and duodenitis of a nervous origin. Because of his illness, the ...
In August 1992, a three-year-old boy died in the camp from bronchitis and duodenitis. The group also pretended to live more ...
Symptoms are often non-specific including, colitis[citation needed], oedematous duodenitis[citation needed], and fever with ...
Duodenitis, jejunitis and ileitis are subtypes of enteritis which are localised to a specific part of the small intestine. ...
Inflammation of the small intestine is called enteritis, which if localised to just part is called duodenitis, jejunitis and ...
It, along with a similar condition in the first part of the intestines known as duodenitis, resulted in 50,000 deaths in 2015. ...
In 2000, equine specialists studying the two necropsies concluded that Phar Lap probably died of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis ...
... duodenitis, and stomach cancer. Helicobacter species are able to thrive in the very acidic mammalian stomach by producing large ...
... and duodenitis. Some in vivo studies have shown that mastic gum has no effect on H. pylori when taken for short periods of time ...
Sialadenitis Parotitis Gingivitis Pulpitis Pericoronitis Gnathitis Oesophagitis Gastritis Gastroenteritis Enteritis Duodenitis ...
The most common side effects include nausea, especially when starting treatment, skin rash, duodenitis (inflammation of the ...
Diabetes mellitus Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Thyroiditis Aphthous stomatitis Bloody diarrhoea Bulimia Colitis Duodenitis ...
Cheilitis Pulpitis Gnathitis Esophagitis Gastritis Gastroenteritis Enteritis Colitis Enterocolitis Duodenitis Ileitis Caecitis ...
... , sometimes called lymphocytic duodenitis, lymphocytic duodenosis, or duodenal intraepithelial ...
... duodenitis MeSH C06.405.469.275.700 - duodenogastric reflux MeSH C06.405.469.275.800 - peptic ulcer MeSH C06.405.469.275. ... duodenitis MeSH C06.405.205.462.624 - ileitis MeSH C06.405.205.462.624.500 - pouchitis MeSH C06.405.205.596 - enterocolitis ... duodenitis MeSH C06.405.469.326.875 - ileitis MeSH C06.405.469.326.875.500 - pouchitis MeSH C06.405.469.363 - enterocolitis ...
... due to haemorrhagic duodenitis induced by ibuprofen, or the consequences of exceeding the recommended doses of paracetamol by ...
... duodenitis - DX-52-1 - DX-8951f - dyscrasia - dysesthesia - dysgeusia - dysphagia - dysplasia - dysplastic nevi - dysplastic ...
... site unspecified 534 Gastrojejunal ulcer 535 Gastritis and duodenitis 535.0 Acute gastritis 535.6 Duodenitis 536 Disorders of ...
Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. It may persist acutely or chronically. Known symptoms of duodenitis include: ... Duodenal lymphocytosis Idiopathic Acute duodenitis Chronic duodenitis Diagnosis is generally made by endoscopy with biopsy to ... Abdominal pain vomiting nausea discomfort in stomach Known causes of duodenitis include: Helicobacter pylori infection Coeliac ...
Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. This is the first part of your small intestine which is located just below your ... Both gastritis and duodenitis have the same causes and treatments. Gastritis is inflammation of your stomach lining. ... Both gastritis and duodenitis have the same causes and treatments.. Both conditions may occur in men and women of all ages. The ... Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. This is the first part of the small intestine, which is located just below your ...
Copyright © 2023 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Society of Gastroenterology. All rights reserved.. ...
Horse Canada is Canadas favourite all-breed, multi-discipline website with emphasis on equine health, horse care, and rural living.. ...
"Duodenitis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Duodenitis" by people in this website by year, and whether " ... Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Duodenitis" by people in Profiles. ...
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Background: Collagenous duodenitis and gastritis are rare histopathological findings in children.. Patients and methods: We ... Child with protein losing enteropathy as presentation of collagenous duodenitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Journal ...
Duodenitis. *Dysphagia. *Enteritis. *Eosinophilic Esophagitis. *Esophageal Achalasia and Cardiospasm. *Esophageal Diverticulum ...
Gastritis and duodenitis. 2.10 (1.38-3.20). ,0.001. 1.93 (1.26-2.94). 0.002. Endocrine. ...
Co-existence of Sarcina Organisms and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis/Duodenitis in Pediatric Siblings. Author: Jennifer L. ... Leave a Comment on Co-existence of Sarcina Organisms and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis/Duodenitis in Pediatric Siblings ...
... duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis Meningitis 1 2 3 four five six 7 8 9 ten 388 224 204 73 62 58 25 20 19 15 ... Eases from the circulatory method Homicide Septicemia Other external causes Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis. ... Eases from the circulatory method Homicide Septicemia Other external causes Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis ... Eases from the circulatory method Homicide Septicemia Other external causes Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis ...
Anorectal symptoms and complaints are common and may be caused by a wide spectrum of conditions. Although most conditions are benign and may be successfully treated by primary care practitioners, a high index of suspicion for colorectal cancer should be maintained, and all patients should be appropriately investigated. Inspection, palpation and anoscopic examination using an Ives slotted anoscope provide adequate initial assessment. Pruritus ani usually represents a self-perpetuating itch-scratch cycle and is uncommonly due to infection. The history, as well as the physical examination, can distinguish anal pain due to hemorrhoids, fissure, abscess, cancer or proctalgia fugax. The most frequent causes of rectal bleeding are hemorrhoids, fissures and polyps. Diagnoses associated with difficulty in passing stool can range from constipation to fecal incontinence.
Gastritis, Duodenitis, Enteritis, and Colitis: Historical Death Rate in the USA. Figure 14 ... In the 1970 document the Gastritis, Duodenitis, Enteritis, and Colitis category shows 142.7 deaths per 100,000 for 1900 - ...
Duodenitis refers to inflammation that occurs in the duodenum. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a known risk factor for duodenitis. ... Helicobacter pylori vacA affects the expression of COX-2 in the duodenal mucosa of patients with duodenitis.. Yan Chu, Fengyuan ... to lay the foundation for the management of duodenitis induced by Hp infection. Total RNA was extracted from duodenal samples ...
Diffuse duodenitis associated with ulcerative colitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 Oct. 24(10):1407-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis. N Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 1624-1634. [Google Scholar] [ ... A phase 3 study of lirentelimab is underway in patients with eosinophilic gastritis and/or eosinophilic duodenitis (ENIGMA 2; ... placebo-controlled phase 2 study in patients with active eosinophilic gastritis and/or eosinophilic duodenitis (EG/EoD) [71]. ... eosinophilic gastritis/eosinophilic duodenitis; ISM, indolent systemic mastocytosis. ...
Gastritis and duodenitis , Gastroenteritis , Gingivitis , Heartburn , Hepatitis and liver abscess Code Number Disease , 23 , ...
Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody for Eosinophilic Gastritis and Duodenitis. Dellon ES, Peterson KA, Murray JA, Falk GW, Gonsalves N, ...
Amber Wells,CRNP, specializes in Gastroenterology Click here for more information and to make an appointment.
Gastrointestinal: Bilirubinuria, duodenitis, eructation, gallstones, gingivitis, glossitis, pancreatitis, rectal bleeding. ...
... duodenitis, peptic ulcer); colonic distension (secondary to carbohydrate ie lactose, sucrose, sorbitol malabsorption) ...
Most vaccinated children with a diagnosis of gastritis/duodenitis had self-limited vomiting or diarrhea. Several diagnoses, ... with statistically significant increases in any clinically important medically attended events other than gastritis/duodenitis ...
ANIMALS 710 equids with FIILs, including colitis, duodenitis, enteritis, enterocolitis, enteropathy, enterotyphlitis, gastritis ... Jejunitis, duodenitis, and ileitis collectively were categorized as enteritis. Required diagnostic criteria included gross and ... 710 equids with FIILs, including colitis, duodenitis, enteritis, enterocolitis, enteropathy, enterotyphlitis, gastritis, ... 710 equids with FIILs, including colitis, duodenitis, enteritis, enterocolitis, enteropathy, enterotyphlitis, gastritis, ...
  • What are gastritis and duodenitis? (healthline.com)
  • Both gastritis and duodenitis have the same causes and treatments. (healthline.com)
  • The most common cause of gastritis and duodenitis is a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori . (healthline.com)
  • Other common causes of gastritis and duodenitis include the long-term use of certain medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen , or drinking too much alcohol . (healthline.com)
  • A study published in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases reported that people with IBD are more likely to develop a form of gastritis or duodenitis that isn't caused by H. pylori than people who don't have the disease. (healthline.com)
  • What are the symptoms of gastritis and duodenitis? (healthline.com)
  • Gastritis and duodenitis don't always produce signs or symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • How are gastritis and duodenitis diagnosed? (healthline.com)
  • There are several tests your doctor can use to diagnose gastritis and duodenitis. (healthline.com)
  • Collagenous duodenitis and gastritis are rare histopathological findings in children. (ageb.be)
  • In a retrospective cohort study of VSD data from 45,356 children aged 6-23 months during 1991-2003, IIV3 was not associated with statistically significant increases in any clinically important medically attended events other than gastritis/duodenitis during the 2 weeks after vaccination compared with control time periods before and after vaccination ( 391 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Most vaccinated children with a diagnosis of gastritis/duodenitis had self-limited vomiting or diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • The guidelines subdivide the non-EoE EGIDs according to inflammation location: eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD), eosinophilic colitis, and eosinophilic enteritis. (medscape.com)
  • He was then diagnosed to be suffering from "Esophago-Gastritis-Duodenitis. (ebvlaw.com)
  • Besides ulcers, H pylori bacteria can also cause a chronic inflammation in the stomach (gastritis) or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenitis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Crohn's disease) Duodenal lymphocytosis Idiopathic Acute duodenitis Chronic duodenitis Diagnosis is generally made by endoscopy with biopsy to evaluate histology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Helicobacter pylori vacA affects the expression of COX-2 in the duodenal mucosa of patients with duodenitis. (qxmd.com)
  • This paper attempted to analyze the correlation between Hp virulence genotypes and the initiation and development of duodenal bulbar inflammation (DBI) to lay the foundation for the management of duodenitis induced by Hp infection. (qxmd.com)
  • Known symptoms of duodenitis include: Abdominal pain vomiting nausea discomfort in stomach Known causes of duodenitis include: Helicobacter pylori infection Coeliac disease Bacterial infection Viral infection NSAIDs Autoimmune diseases (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
  • Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a known risk factor for duodenitis. (qxmd.com)
  • Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Duodenitis refers to inflammation that occurs in the duodenum. (qxmd.com)
  • While the clinical and histologic findings may mimic early inflammatory bowel disease, the presence of predominant small bowel involvement, especially erosive duodenitis, should raise suspicion for IgA vasculitis (HSP). (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER. (musc.edu)
  • Automated analysis of small intestinal lamina propria to distinguish normal, Celiac Disease, and Non-Celiac Duodenitis biopsy images. (cdc.gov)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Duodenitis" by people in this website by year, and whether "Duodenitis" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Duodenitis" by people in Profiles. (musc.edu)
  • In a phase 2 trial in eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis, an anti-Siglec-8 antibody greatly reduced populations of eosinophilic cells, and also led to improved symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Crohn's disease) Duodenal lymphocytosis Idiopathic Acute duodenitis Chronic duodenitis Diagnosis is generally made by endoscopy with biopsy to evaluate histology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides ulcers, H pylori bacteria can also cause a chronic inflammation in the stomach (gastritis) or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenitis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • His past history was significant for severe duodenitis, chronic diarrhoea, hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis. (who.int)
  • Allakos is developing lirentelimab for the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), eosinophilic gastritis (EG), eosinophilic duodenitis (EoD), atopic dermatitis, chronic spontaneous urticaria and potentially additional indications. (yahoo.com)
  • The sponsoring company, Alkalos, is currently conducting a phase 3 trial in eosinophilic gastritis or duodenitis and a phase 2-3 trial in eosinophilic esophagitis. (medscape.com)
  • An acute case of gastritis or duodenitis comes on quickly and lasts for a short period before going away. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach, while duodenitis is inflammation of the lining of the upper small intestine, called the duodenum. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The condition of an inflamed duodenum is known as duodenitis. (healthhearty.com)
  • Gastro-duodenitis is an inflammation in stomach and duodenum lining. (drolgahomeopathy.com)
  • Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER . (bvsalud.org)
  • Known symptoms of duodenitis include: Abdominal pain vomiting nausea discomfort in stomach Known causes of duodenitis include: Helicobacter pylori infection Coeliac disease Bacterial infection Viral infection NSAIDs Autoimmune diseases (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gastritis and duodenitis both affect the digestive tract and share the same causes, including Helicobacter pylori infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It can be difficult to deal with the symptoms of gastritis and duodenitis, which are often uncomfortable. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some cases of gastritis and duodenitis cause no symptoms, and doctors may only find and diagnose the issue while looking for other digestive disorders. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We selected fi rst-listed hospitalizations for gastritis/ can also vary by geographic location, socioeconomic sta- duodenitis (ICD-9-CM code 535) as a comparison group tus, and age ( 13,17 ). (cdc.gov)