A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnolence or insomnia. The three major subcategories include intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body) (SLEEP DISORDERS, INTRINSIC), extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various pathologic conditions), and disturbances of circadian rhythm. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)

Dangers of sleepiness and inattention while driving. (1/64)

Sleepiness occurs in almost everyone at some time during each day. If sleepiness becomes moderate to severe, it can have an impact on an individual's ability to perform tasks that are prolonged or require a high degree of concentration. Driving is a daily activity that usually involves repetitive behaviors over a prolonged period, and it may be adversely affected by an individual who is sleepy. Data from the Department of Transportation show that sleepiness and fatigue contribute to numerous accidents on the road. This article reviews information related to the effects of sleepiness on driving, the types of sleepiness, and some tools for assessing sleepiness.  (+info)

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders. (2/64)

"Night owls" and "morning larks" are descriptive terms used to characterize individuals who go to sleep or awaken differently than most individuals. Many of these individuals have a primary circadian sleep dysrhythmia. Identification and proper treatment of a specific condition can markedly improve their quality of life. Secondary circadian dysrhythmias are very common. Nearly everyone at some time in his or her life experiences jet lag or shift work sleep disorder, two conditions in which we ignore our biologic rhythms. The impact of these conditions on performance and judgment can be tempered by certain pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies. A better understanding of both primary and secondary circadian rhythm sleep disorders will be valuable to the primary care physician, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved treatment of patients with these conditions.  (+info)

Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people. (3/64)

BACKGROUND: Most totally blind people have circadian rhythms that are "free-running" (i.e., that are not synchronized to environmental time cues and that oscillate on a cycle slightly longer than 24 hours). This condition causes recurrent insomnia and daytime sleepiness when the rhythms drift out of phase with the normal 24-hour cycle. We investigated whether a daily dose of melatonin could entrain their circadian rhythms to a normal 24-hour cycle. METHODS: We performed a crossover study involving seven totally blind subjects who had free-running circadian rhythms. The subjects were given 10 mg of melatonin or placebo daily, one hour before their preferred bedtime, for three to nine weeks. They were then given the other treatment. The timing of the production of endogenous melatonin was measured as a marker of the circadian time (phase), and sleep was monitored by polysomnography. RESULTS: At base line, the subjects had free-running circadian rhythms with distinct and predictable cycles averaging 24.5 hours (range, 24.2 to 24.9). These rhythms were unaffected by the administration of placebo. In six of the seven subjects the rhythm was entrained to a 24.0-hour cycle during melatonin treatment (P<0.001). After entrainment, the subjects spent less time awake after the initial onset of sleep (P=0.05) and the efficiency of sleep was higher (P=0.06). Three subjects subsequently participated in a trial in which a 10-mg dose of melatonin was given daily until entrainment was achieved. The dose was then reduced to 0.5 mg per day over a period of three months; the entrainment persisted, even at the lowest dose. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of melatonin can entrain circadian rhythms in most blind people who have free-running rhythms.  (+info)

Sleep disturbances after acute exposure to alcohol in mothers' milk. (4/64)

The results of previous research in our laboratory revealed that breast-fed infants experience significantly less active sleep after exposure to alcohol in their mothers' milk than do breast-fed infants not exposed to alcohol. The present study tested the hypothesis that infants would compensate for such reductions if their mothers then refrained from drinking alcohol. To this end, 23 breast-fed infants from 3 to 5 months of age and their mothers were tested on 2 days separated by 1 week. A small, computerized movement detector, an actigraph, was placed on the infants' left ankles to monitor sleep and activity patterning after which they were bottle fed mother's milk alone (control condition) on 1 test day and mother's milk containing 32 mg of ethanol per 100 ml--the average concentration detected in human milk after lactating women drank an acute dose (0.3 g/kg) of alcohol--on the other. The infants' behaviors were monitored for the next 24 h; the first 3.5 h of monitoring on each test day took place at the Monell Center. Consistent with previous findings, infants exhibited significantly less active sleep during the 3.5 h immediately after exposure to alcohol in mothers' milk compared with the control condition; the decrease in active sleep was observed in all but 4 of the infants tested. Compensatory increases in active sleep were then observed in the next 20.5 h, when mothers refrained from drinking alcohol. Although the mechanisms underlying the reduction in sleep remain to be elucidated, these findings demonstrate that short-term exposure to small amounts of alcohol in mothers' milk produces distinctive changes in the infants' sleep-wake patterning.  (+info)

Identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution. (5/64)

BACKGROUND: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is defined by symptoms and disability, has no confirmatory physical signs or characteristic laboratory abnormalities, and the etiology and pathophysiology remain unknown. Difficulties with accurate case ascertainment contribute to this ignorance. METHODS: Experienced investigators from around the world who are involved in CFS research met for a series of three day workshops in 2000, 2001 and 2002 intended to identify the problems in application of the current CFS case definition. The investigators were divided into focus groups and each group was charged with a topic. The investigators in each focus group relied on their own clinical and scientific knowledge, brainstorming within each group and with all investigators when focus group summaries were presented. Relevant literature was selected and reviewed independent of the workshops. The relevant literature was circulated via list-serves and resolved as being relevant by group consensus. Focus group reports were analyzed and compiled into the recommendations presented here. RESULTS: Ambiguities in the current CFS research definition that contribute to inconsistent case identification were identified. Recommendations for use of the definition, standardization of classification instruments and study design issues are presented that are intended to improve the precision of case ascertainment. The International CFS Study Group also identified ambiguities associated with exclusionary and comorbid conditions and reviewed the standardized, internationally applicable instruments used to measure symptoms, fatigue intensity and associated disability. CONCLUSION: This paper provides an approach to guide systematic, and hopefully reproducible, application of the current case definition, so that case ascertainment would be more uniform across sites. Ultimately, an operational CFS case definition will need to be based on empirical studies designed to delineate the possibly distinct biological pathways that result in chronic fatigue.  (+info)

Self-reported sleep complaints with long and short sleep: a nationally representative sample. (6/64)

OBJECTIVE: Although the problems associated with insufficient sleep have been thoroughly researched, there has been far less substantiation of problems associated with long sleep. Recent evidence shows that habitual sleep duration greater than 7 hours is associated with increased rates of mortality. This study compared the rates of sleep problems in both long and short sleepers. METHODS: Self-reported sleep complaints (eg, sleep onset latency, awakenings during the night, early morning awakenings, nonrestorative sleep, and daytime sleepiness) of nearly 1000 adults who participated in the National Sleep Foundation's 2001 Sleep in America Poll, were compared with reported hours of weekday sleep. RESULTS: There are U-shaped relationships of sleep complaints with reported weekday total sleep time. More specifically, 8-hour sleepers reported less frequent symptoms than long sleepers or 7-hour sleepers. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, long sleepers, as well as short sleepers, report sleep problems, focusing attention to the often-overlooked problems of the long sleeper.  (+info)

Susceptibility of juvenile humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis to grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV). (7/64)

Susceptibility of juvenile humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis to the grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV) was examined. GSDIV-containing inocula for challenge were obtained using a filtrate of spleen tissues from donor fish (orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides) infected with GSDIV. Groups injected with the primary filtrate showed lower mortalities (30 to 60%) than groups receiving the 10(-4) diluted inoculum (90 to 100% mortality). This result was contrary to the expectation that fish challenged with a higher concentration of virus would show higher mortality. Electron microscopy revealed that moribund fish receiving the 10(-4) diluted inoculum displayed massive formation of typical inclusion body-bearing cells (IBCs) containing an intracytoplasmic inclusion body with many virions in the 180-200 nm size range propagated within a virus assembly site. In contrast, survivors in fish receiving the primary filtrate showed the formation of unusual IBCs containing an abnormal inclusion body that was characterized by the assembly of a small number of deformed virions. This impaired virus assembly appeared to prevent mortality in the challenged fish and was assumed to be due to an interferon-like effect of a previously unknown substance that was passed on to the challenged fish with the tissue filtrate from the donor fish.  (+info)

Disintegration of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian timing in Huntington's disease. (8/64)

Sleep disturbances in neurological disorders have a devastating impact on patient and carer alike. However, their pathological origin is unknown. Here we show that patients with Huntington's disease (HD) have disrupted night-day activity patterns. This disruption was mirrored in a transgenic model of HD (R6/2 mice) in which daytime activity increased and nocturnal activity fell, eventually leading to the complete disintegration of circadian behavior. The behavioral disturbance was accompanied by marked disruption of expression of the circadian clock genes mPer2 and mBmal1 in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the principal circadian pacemaker in the brain. The circadian peak of expression of mPer2 was prematurely truncated, and the mRNA levels of mBmal1 were attenuated and failed to exhibit a significant circadian oscillation. Circadian cycles of gene expression in the motor cortex and striatum, markers of behavioral activation in wild-type mice, were also suppressed in the R6/2 mice, providing a neural correlate of the disturbed activity cycles. Increased daytime activity was also associated with reduced SCN expression of prokineticin 2, a transcriptional target of mBmal1 encoding a neuropeptide that normally suppresses daytime activity in nocturnal mammals. Together, these molecular abnormalities could explain the pathophysiological changes in circadian behavior. We propose that circadian sleep disturbances are an important pathological feature of HD, that they arise from pathology within the SCN molecular oscillation, and that their treatment will bring appreciable benefits to HD patients.  (+info)

Dyssomnias are a category of sleep disorders that involve problems with the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. They can be broken down into several subcategories, including:

1. Insomnia: This is characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, despite adequate opportunity and circumstances to do so. It can result in distress, impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning, and/or feelings of dissatisfaction with sleep.
2. Hypersomnias: These are disorders that involve excessive sleepiness during the day, even after having adequate opportunity for sleep. Narcolepsy is an example of a hypersomnia.
3. Sleep-related breathing disorders: These include conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness.
4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: These involve disruptions to the body's internal clock, which can result in difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep at desired times. Jet lag and shift work disorder are examples of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders.
5. Parasomnias: These are disruptive sleep-related events that occur during various stages of sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder.

Dyssomnias can have significant impacts on a person's quality of life, and it is important to seek medical evaluation if you are experiencing symptoms. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or other interventions depending on the specific type of dyssomnia.

Dyssomnias - A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnia or insomnia. The three major subcategories ... "Dyssomnias". Medical Subject Headings. National Library of Medicine. MeSH D020920. Retrieved 13 October 2023. Levin Noy, Shir ... Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep disorders involving the timing of ...
Sleep disorders are separated into four distinct categories: parasomnias; dyssomnias; sleep disorders associated with mental, ...
"Dyssomnias" (PDF). WHO. pp. 7-11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009. Buysse, Daniel ...
"Dyssomnias" (PDF). WHO. pp. 7-11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009. Roth T (August ...
Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a ... Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorders involving difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or of ... There are over 31 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. The major three groups, along with the group types, include:: 15 Intrinsic ...
Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders, including dyssomnias such as insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea ...
Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), and other ...
Dyssomnias Intrinsic Sleep Disorders Extrinsic Sleep Disorders Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Parasomnias Arousal Disorders ...
... www.sleepdex.org/dyssomnias.htm https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071015081737.htm http://www.aasmnet.org/Resources ...
... dyssomnias MeSH F03.870.400.099 - sleep deprivation MeSH F03.870.400.200 - sleep disorders, circadian rhythm MeSH F03.870. ...
The revised ICSD, ICSD-R, placed the primary sleep disorders in the subgroups (1) dyssomnias, which include those that produce ... A further subdivision of the dyssomnias preserves the integrity of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, as was mandated by about ... both the dyssomnias and the parasomnias, presumed to result from an endogenous disturbance in sleep-wake generating or timing ... dyssomnias, including narcolepsy, apnea, and the circadian rhythm sleep disorders, (2) parasomnias, which include, among others ...
A detailed look at dyssomnia sleep disorders. These sleep disorders are caused by another health problem.
Dyssomnias - A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either hypersomnia or insomnia. The three major subcategories ... "Dyssomnias". Medical Subject Headings. National Library of Medicine. MeSH D020920. Retrieved 13 October 2023. Levin Noy, Shir ... Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep disorders involving the timing of ...
This study provides the first evidence that an exercise intervention is associated with reduced PTSD and depressive symptoms, reduced waist circumference, and improved sleep quality.
Dyssomnias and parasomnias in early childhood. Pediatrics. 2007. 119:e1016-e1025. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ...
Dyssomnias (i.e., insomnias or hypersomnias) associated with dysfunction of internal sleep mechanisms or secondary to a sleep- ...
Risk factors and consequences of early childhood dyssomnias: New perspectives. Sleep Medicine Reviews 2009;13:355-361. ... dyssomnias and parasomnias. The "dyssomnia" diagnosis of the DSM-IV11 is rarely attributed to young children. Gaylor and ... dyssomnias, 2) parasomnias, 3) sleep disorders associated with psychiatric disorders, and 4) sleep disorders associated with ...
All MeSH CategoriesDiseases CategoryNervous System DiseasesSleep Wake DisordersDyssomniasSleep Disorders, IntrinsicDisorders of ... All MeSH CategoriesPsychiatry and Psychology CategoryMental DisordersSleep Wake DisordersDyssomniasSleep Disorders, Intrinsic ...
Humans may suffer from various sleep disorders, including dyssomnias such as insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea ...
"dyssomnias" * "sleep initiation and maintenance disorders" "insomnia" * "sleep" *. * Medical subheading (MeSH) terms. ...
Primary dyssomnias include insomnia and disorders of hypersomnia, as well as their respective subtypes. Sleep complaints, or ...
dyssomnia (s) (noun), dyssomnias (pl) 1. Sleep disorders characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of ...
... dyssomnias (insomnia, frequent waking, hypersomnolence, non-restorative sleep, restless legs; less commonly or rarely: sleep ...
Eating-Drinking Syndrome, Nocturnal -- See Dyssomnias A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either ... Eating-Drinking Syndromes, Nocturnal -- See Dyssomnias A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either ...
Infants and toddlers are prone to experiencing dyssomnias, which entail difficulty falling and staying asleep, with children ...
Dyssomnias. These are either intrinsic sleep disorders such as insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, periodic limb disorder or ... Dyssomnias, which comprises disorders that cause a complaint of either insomnia or excessive sleepiness. ...
Dyssomnias. This category corresponds to states that make it difficult to fall asleep, maintain, or deepen sleep. ...
DYSSOMNIAS. DISSONIAS. DISREFLEXIA AUTONOMICA. AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA. DISREFLEXIA AUTÔNOMA. DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA. ...
DYSSOMNIAS. DISSONIAS. DISREFLEXIA AUTONOMICA. AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA. DISREFLEXIA AUTÔNOMA. DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA. ...
DYSSOMNIAS. DISSONIAS. DISREFLEXIA AUTONOMICA. AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA. DISREFLEXIA AUTÔNOMA. DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA. ...
"; "dyssomnias"; "sleep apnea"; "obstructive"; "sleeplessness"; "insomnia"; "parasomnias"; and "excessive daytime sleepiness". ... "; "dyssomnias"; "sleep apnea"; "obstructive"; "sleeplessness"; "insomnia"; "parasomnias"; and "excessive daytime sleepiness". ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISSONIAS DYSTONIC DISORDERS TRASTORNOS DISTONICOS DISTÚRBIOS DISTÔNICOS ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISSONIAS DYSTONIC DISORDERS TRASTORNOS DISTONICOS DISTÚRBIOS DISTÔNICOS ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISTONIA PROXÍSTICA NOTURNA NOCTURNAL PAROXYSMAL DYSTONIA DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA DISTROFIA MUSCULAR ...
DYSSOMNIAS. DISSONIAS. DISREFLEXIA AUTONOMICA. AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA. DISREFLEXIA AUTÔNOMA. DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA. ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISSONIAS DYSTONIC DISORDERS TRASTORNOS DISTONICOS DISTÚRBIOS DISTÔNICOS ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISTONIA PROXÍSTICA NOTURNA NOCTURNAL PAROXYSMAL DYSTONIA DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA DISTROFIA MUSCULAR ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISSONIAS DYSTONIC DISORDERS TRASTORNOS DISTONICOS DISTÚRBIOS DISTÔNICOS ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISSONIAS DYSTONIC DISORDERS TRASTORNOS DISTONICOS DISTÚRBIOS DISTÔNICOS ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ECHINACEA ...
DYSSOMNIAS DISOMNIAS DISTONIA PROXÍSTICA NOTURNA NOCTURNAL PAROXYSMAL DYSTONIA DISTONIA PAROXISMAL NOCTURNA DISTROFIA MUSCULAR ...
"Dyssomnias" (pdf). WHO. પૃષ્ઠ 7-11. મેળવેલ 2009-01-25.. *↑ "Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep: National Institute of ...
  • Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias, circadian rhythm sleep disorders involving the timing of sleep, and other disorders including ones caused by medical or psychological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The International Classification of Sleep Disorders 10 has grouped 84 different types of sleep problems into four categories: 1) dyssomnias, 2) parasomnias, 3) sleep disorders associated with psychiatric disorders, and 4) sleep disorders associated with medical disorders. (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • Although knowledge about sleep problems was first acquired with adults, more and more researchers are now trying to better understand the two main types of sleep problems among children: dyssomnias and parasomnias. (child-encyclopedia.com)
  • Common behavioral difficulties parents report include dyssomnias (problems going to sleep), parasomnias (problems waking up overnight), and early morning waking. (sciencealert.com)
  • 3] Sleep disorders were divided into 3 categories: Dyssomnias, Parasomnias, and Medical Psychiatric Disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Infants and toddlers are prone to experiencing dyssomnias , which entail difficulty falling and staying asleep, with children between the ages of three to their teenage years more likely to experience a parasomnia, which involves dysfunction of the nervous system when transitioning between the stages of sleep. (drmayankshukla.com)
  • Primary dyssomnias include insomnia and disorders of hypersomnia, as well as their respective subtypes. (sagepub.com)
  • Dyssomnias, which comprises disorders that cause a complaint of either insomnia or excessive sleepiness. (caronechiropracticcenter.com)
  • The DSM-IV-TR defines dyssomnias as primary disturbances in the quantity, quality, or timing of sleep. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with dyssomnias present with difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or with excessive daytime somnolence. (medscape.com)
  • Dyssomnias fragment sleep and include disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS). (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Dyssomnias which include insomnia of psychological origin (inability to sleep at night), altitude insomnia, insomnia of external origin (extrinsic), sleep disorders related to alcohol or medication and narcolepsy. (cleverlysmart.com)
  • Instead, it only received secondary mention in the manual as part of a group of unofficial sleep disturbances known as "dyssomnias not otherwise specified. (promises.com)