Ebstein Anomaly
Tricuspid Valve
Familial Ebstein's anomaly. (1/98)
A family is described in which both a father and son are affected with Ebstein's anomaly, while several other family members manifest different cardiac malformations. Five additional instances of familial Ebstein's anomaly were found in the literature and compared with our family. Inspection of possible modes of inheritance in this group of families suggests that Ebstein's anomaly is probably inherited as a polygenic character with a threshold phenomenon. (+info)The atrioventricular junctions in Ebstein malformation. (2/98)
OBJECTIVE: To review the anatomical structure of the right atrioventricular junction, including the specialised atrioventricular conduction system, in hearts with Ebstein's malformation, to identify potential substrates for the abnormalities in conduction. METHODS: Five heart specimens representing the morphological spectrum of Ebstein malformation were examined grossly and histologically. RESULTS: On the endocardial surface, the atrioventricular junction was marked by a faint line in two hearts, and by a small ridge in the other three. Analysis of the right parietal junction in four hearts revealed only two accessory muscular atrioventricular connections. A plane of fibrofatty tissue separated atrial from ventricular myocardium in the right parietal junction in all hearts. The compact atrioventricular node was closer to the coronary sinus than usual. Accessory nodoventricular connections were present in four hearts, while accessory fasciculo-ventricular connections were found in one. The right bundle branch was hypoplastic or absent in four hearts. CONCLUSIONS: In this small series, the parietal atrioventricular junction was better developed than previously thought. Structural abnormalities of the atrioventricular conduction system, however, were present. These may account for some of the conduction abnormalities frequently observed with the Ebstein malformation. (+info)Ebstein's anomaly--an autopsy study of 28 cases. (3/98)
Twenty eight autopsy specimens of Ebstein's anomaly were studied in order to evaluate the morphologic features of the abnormal tricuspid valve. All cases showed marked dilatation of the original tricuspid annulus, a normally positioned anterior leaflet and variable downward displacement of the posterior and septal leaflets. Sixteen cases showed a very large anterior leaflet. All three leaflets showed dysplastic features and a wide range of anatomic abnormalities in the valve and valve apparatus. A thin walled atrialised right ventricle was present in nine cases. Associated cardiac anomalies were seen in 21 cases, the commonest being an atrial septal defect (17 cases). (+info)Ebstein's anomaly with imperforate tricuspid valve. Prenatal diagnosis. (4/98)
Ebstein's anomaly is an uncommon congenital heart defect, with a prevalence of 0.3-0.5%. Its association with an imperforate tricuspid valve is an even more rare situation (less than 10% of cases). Prenatal diagnosis of this association by means of fetal echocardiography has not been reported. We describe here this association diagnosed before birth and confirmed after birth. The diagnostic potential and importance of fetal echocardiography during prenatal evaluation of cardiac malformations allows for adequate perinatal planning and management, with an obvious impact on morbidity and mortality. (+info)Classification of ventricular pre-excitation. Vectorcardiographic study. (5/98)
In a study of 45 cases of ventricular pre-excitation, 19 were classified as type A and 20 as type B according to Rosenbaum's criteria, which depend on the polarity of the major deflections in the right praecordial leads and not, as is commonly thought, on the direction of the delta vector. Six cases that could not be classified as type A or type B were termed intermediate. Vectorcardiograms were recorded from 29, and these showed a wide but continuous range of values for both the delta and the main QRS vectors in all three planes. Any classification based on these features must, therefore, depend on arbitrary quantitative data. Three patients in this series had associated right bundle-branch block. A review of the published reports on the association of pre-excitation and bundle-branch block failed to provide a rational basis for the classification of pre-excitation. It is emphasized that Rosenbaum's classification is empirical and its validity is questioned. (+info)Coronary artery stenosis after radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory atrioventricular pathways in children with Ebstein's malformation. (6/98)
BACKGROUND: Complications concerning the coronary arteries that are directly related to radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures have not been reported in children. Coronary artery lesions, however, have been demonstrated after the endocardial application of radiofrequency current in young animals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two boys with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve developed clinically asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis after radiofrequency catheter ablation of right-sided accessory atrioventricular pathways with standard catheter technology. CONCLUSIONS: The complication of coronary artery stenosis demonstrates a substantial risk after right atrial free wall radiofrequency current application in children. The risk of late coronary alterations should be considered when the use of catheter ablation procedures to young patients is proposed. (+info)Right atrial reduction for tachyarrhythmias in Ebstein's anomaly in infancy. (7/98)
A 20-month-old girl with Ebstein's anomaly developed supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, which seemed to be a result of the wall tension of the giant right atrium. Right atrial resection reduced the wall tension and overall dimensions of the right atrium and finally resolved the tachycardia and ectopic electrical conduction. Six-year follow-up electrocardiograms confirmed continuing normal sinus rhythm without occurrence of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia or other ectopic electrical activity The follow-up echocardiograms showed the size of the right atrium to be unchanged from the time of operation. There are few data in the available literature about performing right atriotomy to resolve a tachyarrhythmia associated with Ebstein's anomaly and none, to the best of our knowledge, about performing right atrial resection for this purpose. (+info)Asymptomatic giant right atrial aneurysm. (8/98)
A 5-year-old asymptomatic boy was found incidentally, on a chest radiograph, to have gross cardiomegaly; further evaluation by echocardiography showed a giant right atrial aneurysm. The patient underwent successful surgical reduction of the right atrium, closure of an atrial septal defect, and tricuspid valve repair These measures were taken to prevent thrombus formation in the right atrium, prevent paradoxical embolism, and lower the risk of atrial arrhythmias. The morphologic features of the resected atrial tissue showed paper-thin wall with a central aneurysm and focal endocardial fibrosis consistent with a diagnosis of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. (+info)Ebstein anomaly is a congenital heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve, which is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart. In Ebstein anomaly, the tricuspid valve is abnormally formed and positioned, causing it to leak blood back into the right atrium. This can lead to various symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin). Treatment for Ebstein anomaly may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both. It is important to note that the severity of the condition can vary widely among individuals, and some people with Ebstein anomaly may require more intensive treatment than others.
The tricuspid valve is the heart valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle in the human heart. It is called "tricuspid" because it has three leaflets or cusps, which are also referred to as flaps or segments. These cusps are named anterior, posterior, and septal. The tricuspid valve's function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium during systole, ensuring unidirectional flow of blood through the heart.
Cardiac myosins are a type of myosin protein that are specifically expressed in the cardiac muscle cells (or cardiomyocytes) of the heart. These proteins play a crucial role in the contraction and relaxation of heart muscles, which is essential for proper heart function and blood circulation.
Myosins are molecular motors that use chemical energy from ATP to generate force and movement. In the context of cardiac muscle cells, cardiac myosins interact with another protein called actin to form sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile units of muscle fibers. During contraction, the heads of cardiac myosin molecules bind to actin filaments and pull them together, causing the muscle fiber to shorten and generate force.
There are different isoforms of cardiac myosins that can vary in their structure and function. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins have been linked to various forms of cardiomyopathy, which are diseases of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure and other complications. Therefore, understanding the structure and function of cardiac myosins is an important area of research for developing therapies and treatments for heart disease.
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Ebstein's anomaly - Wikipedia
Ebstein anomaly: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Pediatric Ebstein Anomaly: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Ebstein's Anomaly - Seattle Children's Hospital
Ebstein's Anomaly: Samaria's Story | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Ebstein's anomaly: one and a half venrtricular repair | Swiss Medical Weekly
New insight into the tricuspid valve in Ebstein anomaly using three-dimensional echocardiography | Heart
Ebstein's Anomaly
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Ebstein's Anomaly55
- Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
- Ebstein's anomaly usually presents with a systolic murmur (sometimes diastolic) and frequently with a gallop rhythm. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] About 50% of individuals with Ebstein's anomaly have an associated shunt between the right and left atria, either an atrial septal defect or a patent foramen ovale. (wikipedia.org)
- About 50% of individuals with Ebstein's anomaly have an accessory pathway with evidence of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, secondary to the atrialized right ventricular tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- An echocardiogram is the most common and specific way to diagnose Ebstein's anomaly because it effectively shows all 4 chambers of the heart, which displays the distance between the hinge point of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valved (displacement index) to determine if the value is greater than 8mm/m2. (wikipedia.org)
- Ebstein's anomaly was named after Wilhelm Ebstein, who in 1866 described the heart of the 19-year-old patient Joseph Prescher. (wikipedia.org)
- What is Ebstein's Anomaly? (medscape.com)
- We are here to talk about Ebstein's anomaly . (medscape.com)
- Can you refresh our memory-what is Ebstein's anomaly? (medscape.com)
- Ebstein's anomaly is a malformation of the right ventricle, and most of the attention focuses on the tricuspid valve. (medscape.com)
- In contrast to other congenital defects such as a standard atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect , which are very reproducible, the anatomic findings from patient to patient with Ebstein's anomaly differ significantly. (medscape.com)
- We typically we think of Ebstein's anomaly as presenting in infancy or childhood, but over the course of my career, I have stumbled across a couple of patients in their adult years with previously undiagnosed Ebstein's anomaly. (medscape.com)
- The presentation ranges from a highly symptomatic newborn who is ventilator dependent and needs urgent surgery to the other end of the spectrum, which is the 70-year-old who has made it through all of his or her adult years, who then has a chest X ray showing some cardiac enlargement, which prompts a cardiac workup, and it's a mild to moderate form of Ebstein's anomaly. (medscape.com)
- Once Ebstein's anomaly has been identified, at some point in time most paients will need an operation. (medscape.com)
- But under most circumstances, most patients with Ebstein's anomaly will benefit from surgery at some point in time. (medscape.com)
- Munoz-Castellanos L, Espinola-Zavaleta N, Kuri-Nivon M, Keirns C. Ebstein's Anomaly: anatomo-echocardiographic correlation. (medscape.com)
- Ebstein's anomaly: presentation and outcome from fetus to adult. (medscape.com)
- Ebstein's anomaly: a long-term study of survival. (medscape.com)
- Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. (medscape.com)
- Khositseth A, Khowsathit P. Factors affecting mortality in Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. (medscape.com)
- Cone reconstruction for Ebstein's anomaly: patient outcomes, biventricular function, and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. (medscape.com)
- Da Silva's cone repair for Ebstein's anomaly: effect on right ventricular size and function. (medscape.com)
- Cone reconstruction of the tricuspid valve for Ebstein's anomaly is a significant innovation in the management of Ebstein's anomaly, and has shown favorable results (1). (ctsnet.org)
- This video describes the technique of right ventricular papillary muscle approximation to the septum (RV-PMA) as an adjunct to cone reconstruction of Ebstein's anomaly, and reviews some of the authors' initial results. (ctsnet.org)
- This is the case of a 3-year-old child with Ebstein's anomaly, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and severe right atrial and right ventricular dilatation. (ctsnet.org)
- RV-PMA is simple, safe, and can improve coaptation, tricuspid valve function, and RV remodeling as an adjunct to cone reconstruction in Ebstein's anomaly. (ctsnet.org)
- The cone reconstruction of the tricuspid valve in Ebstein's anomaly. (ctsnet.org)
- Introduction: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA) is a congenital heart disease rarely described among adult population, especially if it is associated with other abnormalities such as Ebstein's anomaly and abnormal origin of coronary arteries. (scirp.org)
- The left-sided atrioventricular valve, in this case, the tricuspid valve, showed apical displacement of the septal valve suggesting Ebstein's anomaly. (scirp.org)
- Tricuspid valve is abnormal with varying degrees of apical displacement into the ventricular cavity resembling Ebstein's anomaly [3]. (scirp.org)
- According to the literature, there are few reports of L-TGA associated with Ebstein's anomaly in adult population, given that the majority of patients die within the first years of life if they are not surgically treated. (scirp.org)
- We present a rare case of an adult woman with L-TGA associated with Ebstein's anomaly, left superior vena cava and pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by non-invasive imaging and computed tomography. (scirp.org)
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has issued a Sources Sought Notice for the Project for Ebstein's Anomaly in Children (NHLBI-SSN-HP-08-20) in the Ukraine. (nih.gov)
- Jahliah suffers from Ebstein's Anomaly, a rare disease treated with world-class care at UNC Health. (unchealthcare.org)
- The anomaly the doctors discovered is a rare congenital heart defect called Ebstein's Anomaly. (unchealthcare.org)
- Their unborn baby had Ebstein's anomaly, a heart defect where the tricuspid valve does not form properly-preventing normal blood flow into the right side of his heart. (chla.org)
- Soon, they were meeting with CHLA Cardiologist Jon Detterich, MD . Dr. Detterich confirmed the Ebstein's anomaly diagnosis and the risk that the baby would not make it to delivery. (chla.org)
- There is a spectrum of Ebstein's anomaly," Dr. Detterich explains. (chla.org)
- Ebstein's anomaly is when the tricuspid valve on the right side of the heart does not work properly. (hcahealthcare.co.uk)
- Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a tricuspid valve (TV) abnormality associated with right ventricle (RV) myopathy with varying anatomic and pathophysiologic features. (icloudhospital.com)
- How common is Ebstein's anomaly? (patient.info)
- Ebstein's anomaly is rare, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 20,000. (patient.info)
- Maternal lithium therapy can (rarely) lead to Ebstein's anomaly in the baby. (patient.info)
- Ebstein's anomaly presents with a spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the tricuspid valve and the right ventricle. (patient.info)
- Ebstein's anomaly is a rare heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve. (childrenshospital.org)
- Moreover, a right bundle block (secondary to Ebstein's anomaly) was observed in the electrocardiographic examination. (texilajournal.com)
- Epidural analgesia for labour in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly. (texilajournal.com)
- Her clinical findings were consistent with Ebstein's anomaly. (mhmedical.com)
- A subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with bidirectional shunting, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and an apically displaced septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve consistent with Ebstein's anomaly. (mhmedical.com)
- This case highlights several important concepts for the long-term complications and management of adult patients with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. (mhmedical.com)
- Ebstein's anomaly is a rare congenital heart disorder (1/200,000 live births), accounting for about 0.3% to 0.7% of all cases of congenital heart disease (CHD), however this case highlights that Ebstein's anomaly can present later in life since patients can have a wide spectrum of symptoms that may prevent the underlying pathology from being discovered until adulthood. (mhmedical.com)
- Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare and complex congenital heart disease, with a prevalence of 4 to 7 cases per 100,000 live births. (org.ua)
- Abnormalities seen in BMP and Alk3 are associated with some cardiovascular diseases like Ebstein's anomaly and AV conduction disease. (wikipedia.org)
- This year's OUTSTANDING YOUNG ADULT BOARD AWARD went to Doug Sexton , a heart warrior born with Ebstein's anomaly. (childrensheartfoundation.org)
- She is terminally ill, suffering from a severe case of Ebstein's anomaly, a rare congenital heart condition, chronic lung disease of infancy, and pulmonary hypertension. (texasallianceforlife.org)
Repair of Ebstein anomaly2
- Complete repair of Ebstein anomaly in neonates and young infants: A 16-year follow-up. (medscape.com)
- Most patients reported symptomatic improvement after surgical repair of Ebstein anomaly - as assessed by NYHA class and self-reported symptoms. (thechipnetwork.org)
Cardiac6
- The total right/left-volume index: a new and simplified cardiac magnetic resonance measure to evaluate the severity of Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve: a comparison with heart failure markers from various modalities. (medscape.com)
- Outcome of cardiac surgery in patients 50 years of age or older with Ebstein anomaly: survival and functional improvement. (medscape.com)
- Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac defect that consists of variable apical displacement from the annulus and dysplasia of the septal and inferior leaflets of the tricuspid valve. (msdmanuals.com)
- Traditional imaging modalities for Ebstein anomaly include chest radiography, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization with right ventriculography, and cardiac MRI. (medscape.com)
- The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using cardiac CT to perform volumetric severity assessment of the Ebstein anomaly. (koreamed.org)
- Volumetric severity assessment using cardiac CT is feasible in Ebstein anomaly, and may be useful to characterize the disease's diverse phenotypes. (koreamed.org)
Leaflets5
- In people with Ebstein anomaly, the leaflets are placed deeper into the right ventricle instead of the normal position. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ebstein anomaly should not be confused with Uhl anomaly, a congenital heart disease characterized by a hypoplastic, underdeveloped inflow segment of the right ventricle with tricuspid leaflets arising appropriately from the annulus. (medscape.com)
- The primary abnormality in Ebstein anomaly is adherence of variable portions of the septal and inferior tricuspid valve leaflets to the endocardial surface of the right ventricle. (msdmanuals.com)
- The Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a congenital abnormality in which the insertion of the septal and posterior leaflets are displaced downward. (icloudhospital.com)
- In Ebstein anomaly, the leaflets are affected to various degrees. (medscape.com)
Valve13
- At autopsy, "Ebstein described an enlarged and fenestrated anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. (wikipedia.org)
- Ebstein anomaly is a rare heart defect in which parts of the tricuspid valve are abnormal. (medlineplus.gov)
- In Ebstein anomaly, the positioning of the tricuspid valve and how it functions to separate the two chambers is abnormal. (medlineplus.gov)
- In very severe forms of the anomaly, during the newborn period, the right ventricle might not be able to generate a systolic pressure greater than the elevated pulmonary artery pressure, leading to "functional pulmonary atresia" (failure of a normal pulmonary valve to open in systole). (msdmanuals.com)
- The tricuspid valve function is near to normal in mild Ebstein anomalies. (icloudhospital.com)
- Additional associated anomalies include bicuspid aortic valves, pulmonary atresia or hypoplastic pulmonary artery, subaortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, mitral valve prolapse, accessory mitral valve tissue or muscle bands of the left ventricle, ventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis. (patient.info)
- Apical 4-chamber, 2-dimensional echocardiogram in a patient with Ebstein anomaly shows displacement of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of the right ventricle (RV) and tethering of the septal leaflet to the interventricular septum (arrow). (medscape.com)
- Apical 4-chamber image from 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography (Echo) in a patient with severe Ebstein anomaly shows displacement of the tricuspid valve towards the apex of the right ventricle (RV) more extreme than that shown in the previous 2 images. (medscape.com)
- Pediatric cardiologists and pediatric cardiovascular surgeons at Mayo Clinic's campus in Minnesota have experience treating children with tricuspid valve disease and congenital heart conditions, including Ebstein anomaly. (mayoclinic.org)
- This retrospective review, from the Mayo Clinic, aimed to describe the effect of repairing or replacing the tricuspid valve (TV) in Ebstein anomaly by comparing exercise test data in adults before and after surgery. (thechipnetwork.org)
- Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital disease which affects location, structure and mobility of the tricuspid valve, and right atrium and ventricle. (ima.org.il)
- His areas of interest are aortic valve repair, Ross procedure, repair of Ebstein´s anomaly, and minimally-invasive techniques for the repair of congenital heart defects. (eacts.org)
- The most common heart defect associated with the condition is Ebstein anomaly, which affects the valve that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle (the tricuspid valve). (nih.gov)
Aortic2
- Finally he was shifted to cardiothoracic surgery unit for surgical repair of aortic dissection and ebstein anomaly. (texilajournal.com)
- Aortic dissection, marfan syndrome, ebstein anomaly. (texilajournal.com)
Severe3
- Cyanosis and/or severe heart failure are common signs of the Ebstein abnormality, which usually improve when pulmonary vascular resistance reduces. (icloudhospital.com)
- Frontal chest radiograph in an infant with severe Ebstein anomaly shows a large heart with compression of the adjacent lungs. (medscape.com)
- 2 daughters were born with other congenital heart anomalies, 1 with ventricular septal defect and the other with severe pulmonary artery stenosis. (ima.org.il)
Cardiovascular2
- Overview of Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in almost 1% of live births ( 1). (msdmanuals.com)
- Mostly ascending aorta is involved with marfan syndrome but in this case evidence of ebstein anomaly is an interesting point towards cardiovascular surgery and learning about management and post op care. (texilajournal.com)
Malformation1
- Prenatal diagnosis of the Ebstein malformation has allowed for improvements in immediate postnatal management. (patient.info)
Congenital anomaly1
- This is the most fascinating congenital anomaly. (medscape.com)
Affects1
- The severity of the lesion affects the hemodynamic anomalies. (icloudhospital.com)
Abnormal1
- Frontal chest radiograph in an adult with Ebstein anomaly shows the abnormal contour associated with distortion of the right ventricle. (medscape.com)
Defects1
- Most anomalies detected in animal studies have been observed in clinical and epidemiologic studies of maternal fever and febrile illness, including neural-tube defects, microphthalmia, congenital cataracts, abdominal wall defects, congenital heart defects, microcephaly, limb defects, craniofacial malformations, and renal defects ( Edwards 2006 ). (nih.gov)
Abnormality1
- Ebstein abnormality is thought to account for 0.5 percent of congenital heart disease cases. (icloudhospital.com)
Right ventricular1
- This anomaly results in a portion of the right ventricle functioning as an atrium, with resulting decrease in the functional right ventricular volume. (msdmanuals.com)
Live births1
- Ebstein anomaly accounts for less than 1% of congenital heart diseases and occurs in 1 in 210,000 live births. (medscape.com)
Symptomatic1
- Ebstein anomaly may completely escape detection, or patients may not become symptomatic until late in life. (medscape.com)
Underwent1
- They enrolled all patients with Ebstein anomaly who underwent tricuspid surgery at the Mayo Clinic between June 2007 and January 2015. (thechipnetwork.org)
Adult1
- Ebstein anomaly in an infant and in an adult are seen in the images below. (medscape.com)
Rare1
- Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a rare CHD with a broad clinical spectrum. (techscience.com)
Echocardiogram1
- The Ebstein anomaly is frequently discovered by chance during an echocardiogram. (icloudhospital.com)
Surgical repair1
- The surgical repair techniques for Ebstein anomaly have evolved over the last few decades but timing of surgery remains variable. (thechipnetwork.org)
Functional1
- Functional status after operation for Ebstein anomaly: the Mayo Clinic experience. (medscape.com)
Disease2
- The anomaly is more common in twins and in those with a family history of congenital heart disease. (patient.info)
- We suggest that in some families, Ebstein anomaly is an autosomal dominant disease with different expression in the sexes. (ima.org.il)
Occurs1
- Ebstein anomaly occurs as a baby develops in the womb. (medlineplus.gov)
Diagnosis1
- Although the appearance is relatively nonspecific, the large heart should suggest Ebstein anomaly in the differential diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Common2
- Ebstein anomaly is more common in white females' infants. (icloudhospital.com)
- The left upper lobe vein anomaly is thought to be most common. (radiopaedia.org)
Case1
- 6. Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome with Ebstein anomaly: a case report. (nih.gov)
Cardiology1
- This is an anomaly that we in the cardiology world have been learning about since the early days. (medscape.com)