Enantioselective effects of optically active alpha-methylbenzyl-s-triazine on the root growth of rice and Echinochloa plants and their herbicidal activity. (1/19)
The chiral requirement on the alpha-methylbenzyl moiety of 2,4-diamino-6-chloro-s-triazine for sufficient inhibition of root growth was similar towards both rice and barnyard millet. With the monoalkylamino series, the most suitable configuration was markedly changed by the substituent on the other amino moiety. However, for the dialkylamino series, the (S)-enantiomer was an active inhibitor. Clear species selectivity between rice and barnyard millet was observed in the series for the (R)-enantiomers, providing high herbicidal activity toward Echinochloa plants and safety toward rice. The enantioselectivity against barnyard millet increased with increasing inhibitory activity of the active enantiomers, following Pfeiffer's rule. R-EtNH (3) controlled the growth of barnyardgrass with leaf-burning (LB) under paddy conditions, and S-EtNH (4) and S-Et2N (20) controlled the growth without LB. The RS-EtNH derivative is an interesting inhibitor controlling the growth of barnyardgrass from the just-germinated stage (by the (R)-enantiomer) to early-middle growth stage (by the (S)-enantiomer). (+info)Genetic and biochemical analysis of anaerobically-induced enzymes during seed germination of Echinochloa crus-galli varieties tolerant and intolerant of anoxia. (2/19)
To compare the regulation of anaerobic metabolism during germination in anoxia-tolerant and intolerant plants, enzymes associated with anaerobic metabolism such as sucrose synthase, aldolase, enolase, pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were assayed in two varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli, formosensis (tolerant) and praticola (intolerant). The initial and intervening enzymes of the pathway (sucrose synthase and aldolase) and enzymes in the last part of the pathway (PDC, ADH and ALDH) revealed similar changing patterns in activities during germination. This implies that each group of enzymes may be controlled by an identical regulatory mechanism. During anoxia, activities of all enzymes increased 1.5-30-fold in both varieties compared to their activities under aerobic conditions. Activities of sucrose synthase, enolase and ADH exhibited the same induction patterns under anoxia in formosensis and praticola. However, the activities of aldolase, ALDH and PDC were more strongly induced in formosensis under anoxia (1.2-2-fold) than in praticola. These enzymes were also assayed in F(3) families which varied in their anaerobic germinability. For PDC, activities under anoxia in anoxia-tolerant families were similar to those of an anoxia-intolerant family during the whole period although the family did not exhibit anaerobic germinability. This suggests that there is no correlation between PDC activity and anaerobic germinability. For ALDH, activities were more strongly induced under anoxia in anoxia-tolerant families than in anoxia-intolerant families, a trend also exhibited by the parents. This indicates that ALDH may play a role in detoxifying acetaldehyde formed through alcoholic fermentation during anaerobic germination. (+info)Inhibitory activity of linoleic acid isolated from proso and Japanese millet toward histone deacetylase. (3/19)
Linoleic acid was isolated from both the methanol extracts of proso and Japanese millet as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. It showed uncompetitive inhibitory activity toward histone deacetylase (IC(50)=0.51 mM) and potent cytotoxicity toward human leukemia K562 (IC(50)=68 microM) and prostate cancer LNCaP cells (IC(50)=193 microM). Millet containing linoleic acid might have anti-tumor activity. (+info)The synthesis and herbicidal activity of 1-alkyl-3-(alpha-hydroxy-substituted benzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-diones. (4/19)
In the search for better herbicides a series of 1-alkyl-3-(alpha-hydroxy-(un)substituted benzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-diones were prepared and their structure-activity relationships studied. All their structures have been confirmed by (1)H-NMR and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay results indicated that some of them have high herbicidal activity against annual dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. (+info)Dietary Japanese millet protein ameliorates plasma levels of adiponectin, glucose, and lipids in type 2 diabetic mice. (5/19)
Millet is an important food crop in Asia and Africa, but the health benefits of dietary millet are little known. This study defined the effects of dietary Japanese millet on diabetic mice. Feeding of a high-fat diet containing Japanese millet protein concentrate (JMP, 20% protein) to type 2 diabetic mice for 3 weeks significantly increased plasma levels of adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) and decreased the levels of glucose and triglyceride as compared to control. The starch fraction of Japanese millet had no effect on glucose or adiponectin levels, but the prolamin fraction beneficially modulated plasma glucose and insulin concentrations as well as adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression. Considering the physiological significance of adiponectin and HDL cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease, our findings imply that dietary JMP has the potential to ameliorate these diseases. (+info)Simulating the evolution of glyphosate resistance in grains farming in northern Australia. (6/19)
(+info)Isolation and characterization of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Serratia sp. SY5. (7/19)
The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils is important in overcoming its limitations for field application. A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Serratia sp. SY5, was isolated from the rhizoplane of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) grown in petroleum and heavy-metal-contaminated soil. This isolate has shown capacities for indole acetic acid production and siderophores synthesis. Compared with a non-inoculated control, the radicular root growth of Zea mays seedlings inoculated with SY5 can be increased by 27- or 15.4-fold in the presence of 15 mg-Cd/l or 15 mg-Cu/l, respectively. The results from hydroponic cultures showed that inoculation of Serratia sp. SY5 had a favorable influence on the initial shoot growth and biomass of Zea mays under noncontaminated conditions. However, under Cd-contaminated conditions, the inoculation of SY5 significantly increased the root biomass of Zea mays. These results indicate that Serratia sp. SY5 can serve as a promising microbial inoculant for increased plant growth in heavy-metal-contaminated soils to improve the phytoremediation efficiency. (+info)Differential oxidative metabolism and 5-ketoclomazone accumulation are involved in Echinochloa phyllopogon resistance to clomazone. (8/19)
(+info)'Echinochloa' is not a medical term, but rather a taxonomic genus name in the plant kingdom. It belongs to the family Poaceae and includes several species of annual grasses commonly known as barnyard grass or jointed grass. These plants are often considered weeds in agricultural settings. They have distinctively jointed stems and spike-like inflorescences, and some species can produce both sexual and asexual seeds.
While Echinochloa species may not have direct medical relevance, they can sometimes serve as hosts for crop pests or pathogens that might impact human health indirectly. For instance, certain grassy weeds like Echinochloa spp. can harbor and spread plant viruses, bacteria, or fungi that could potentially affect crops of agricultural importance. However, the medical definition of 'Echinochloa' is not applicable since it does not refer to a human disease, condition, or treatment.
Herbicide resistance is a genetically acquired trait in weeds that allows them to survive and reproduce following exposure to doses of herbicides that would normally kill or inhibit the growth of susceptible plants. It is a result of natural selection where weed populations with genetic variability are exposed to herbicides, leading to the survival and reproduction of individuals with resistance traits. Over time, this can lead to an increase in the proportion of resistant individuals within the population, making it harder to control weeds using that particular herbicide or group of herbicides.
Herbicides are a type of pesticide used to control or kill unwanted plants, also known as weeds. They work by interfering with the growth processes of the plant, such as inhibiting photosynthesis, disrupting cell division, or preventing the plant from producing certain essential proteins.
Herbicides can be classified based on their mode of action, chemical composition, and the timing of their application. Some herbicides are selective, meaning they target specific types of weeds while leaving crops unharmed, while others are non-selective and will kill any plant they come into contact with.
It's important to use herbicides responsibly and according to the manufacturer's instructions, as they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not used properly.
Echinochloa
Echinochloa esculenta
Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa oryzoides
Echinochloa stagnina
Echinochloa polystachya
Echinochloa pyramidalis
Echinochloa muricata
Echinochloa frumentacea
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-pavonis
Flora of Malta
List of Poaceae genera
Foxtail millet
List of Australian plant species authored by Ferdinand von Mueller
Rupela leucatea
List of graminoids of Soldiers Delight
Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus
Panicum frumentaceum
Four-horned antelope
Exserohilum
Sora (bird)
Caligo martia
Common waxbill
Japanese millet
Moesziomyces
Niokolo-Koba National Park
Pyriculariaceae
List of plants of Burkina Faso
Lake Chad flooded savanna
Echinochloa - Wikipedia
Genomic insights into the evolution of Echinochloa species as weed and orphan crop | Nature Communications
Herbicide-resistant Echinochloa oryzoides and E. phyllopogon in California Oryza sativa fields
Echinochloa polystachya risk assessment
Multiple resistant Echinochloa colona from Costa Rica
Multiple resistant Echinochloa colona from Colombia
Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. crus-pavonis Calflora
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Echinochloa colona from Australia,...
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus...
HRAC Group 5</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli from United...
HRAC Group 1</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy A) </font> resistant Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola) from United...
HRAC Group 5</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli...
Infoteca-e: Echinochloa polystachya: Canarana-verdadeira.
Echinochloa crus-galli Images - Useful Tropical Plants
Echinochloa ugandensis (ECHUG)[Overview]| EPPO Global Database
Tropicos | Name - !Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
اثر زمان رویش در خزانه و تراکم سوروفآبی (Echinochloa oryzoides) بر قابلیت رقابت با برنج (1. مطالعات طی فصل رشد: رشد و نمو)
"Germination of Australian Channel Millet (Echinochloa turnerana (Domin" by Denis G. Conover and Donald R. Geiger
Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa - Wikispecies
EcoFlora - Echinochloa colona
Echinochloa muricata - FNA
Echinochloa walteri detail - FSUS
EcoFlora - Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya
Echinochloa crus-galli - Useful Temperate Plants
Tropicos | Name - **Echinochloa cruspavonis var. macera (Wiegand) Gould
Poaceae2
- Junglerice ( Echinochloa colona ) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. (weedscience.org)
- Late Watergrass ( Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola) ) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. (weedscience.com)
Colona5
- In order to better understand the genomic forces driving the evolution of Echinochloa species toward weed and crop characteristics, we assemble genomes of three Echinochloa species (allohexaploid E. crus-galli and E. colona , and allotetraploid E. oryzicola ) and re-sequence 737 accessions of barnyard grasses and millets from 16 rice-producing countries. (nature.com)
- Echinochloa colona f. vivipara Beetle, Echinochloa colona f. zonalis (Guss. (asu.edu)
- Echinochloa colona is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. (asu.edu)
- Recent evidence has positioned Echinochloa colona (junglerice) as the most dominant in Arkansas and throughout the Mid-South, USA, especially in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) production fields. (uark.edu)
- Target-site EPSPS Pro-106 mutations: sufficient to endow glyphosate resistance in polyploid Echinochloa colona? (qld.gov.au)
Genus1
- Echinochloa is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe Paniceae. (wikipedia.org)
Beauv6
- much of Latin America + West Indies Formerly included see Acroceras Axonopus Brachiaria Oplismenopsis Oplismenus Panicum Paspalidium Pseudechinolaena Setaria Urochloa Echinochloa compressa - Axonopus compressus Echinochloa cubensis - Oplismenus hirtellus Echinochloa echinata P.Beauv. (wikipedia.org)
- 1920- Pseudechinolaena polystachya Echinochloa pulchella - Panicum pulchellum Echinochloa ramosa - Brachiaria ramosa Echinochloa reptans - Brachiaria reptans Echinochloa setigera - Urochloa setigera Echinochloa setosum - Setaria setosa Echinochloa squarrosa - Pseudoraphis spinescens Echinochloa subcordata - Brachiaria reptans Echinochloa zizanioides - Acroceras zizanioides Tropicos, Echinochloa P. Beauv. (wikipedia.org)
- Flora of Pakistan Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Echinochloa Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine US Department of Agriculture plants profile, Echinochloa P. Beauv. (wikipedia.org)
- Barnyard grasses ( Echinochloa P. Beauv. (nature.com)
- Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (tropicos.org)
- Ecophysiological conditions of germination of barnyard grass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (edu.pl)
Crus-pavonis2
- Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. (calflora.org)
- Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult. (calflora.org)
HRAC Group1
- HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. (weedscience.org)
Kunth1
- Nakai 1952 - Pseudechinolaena polystachya Echinochloa elephantipes - Panicum elephantipes Echinochloa eruciformis - Brachiaria eruciformis Echinochloa erythrosperma - Setaria italica Echinochloa geminata - Paspalidium geminatum Echinochloa hirta - Urochloa panicoides Echinochloa intermedia - Setaria italica Echinochloa lanceolata - Oplismenus compositus Echinochloa najada - Oplismenopsis najada Echinochloa nervosa - Acroceras gabunense Echinochloa notabilis - Urochloa mosambicensis Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Roberty 1954 not (Kunth) Hitchc. (wikipedia.org)
Globally1
- Echinochloa species are distributed globally from tropical to temperate regions and across a wide range of habitats, including agricultural and non-agricultural fields. (nature.com)
Muricata1
- Echinochloa muricata is native to North America, growing from southern Canada to northern Mexico in moist, often disturbed sites (but not rice fields). (floranorthamerica.org)
Oryzoides1
- اثر زمان رویش در خزانه و تراکم سوروفآبی (Echinochloa oryzoides) بر قابلیت رقابت با برنج (1. (ac.ir)
Polystachya1
- Infoteca-e: Echinochloa polystachya: Canarana-verdadeira. (embrapa.br)
Weeds3
- Both affect many other grass species, in particular most important cereals, and Echinochloa weeds may serve as a reservoir. (wikipedia.org)
- Our results provide genomic insights into the dual roles of Echinochloa species as weeds and crops as well as essential resources for studying plant polyploidization, adaptation, precision weed control and millet improvements. (nature.com)
- Echinochloa species are highly adaptive weeds that have the potential to impact crops in a variety of environments. (uark.edu)
Oryzicola1
- Echinochloa oryzicola is assumed to be an ancestral parent of E. crus-galli 16 . (nature.com)
Barnyard1
- As one of the great survivors of the plant kingdom, barnyard grasses ( Echinochloa spp. (nature.com)
Wiegand2
Panicum2
Grass2
- Echinochloa comes from the Greek words echinos, meaning hedgehog, and chloa, meaning grass, referring to the bristly spikelets of some species. (asu.edu)
- Echinochloa crus-galli is a clump-forming annual grass with ascending or decumbent stems 30 - 120cm long. (theferns.info)
Walteri1
- Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller. (unc.edu)
Pungens1
- Echinochloa pungens var. (asu.edu)
Echinata1
- Echinochloa echinata (Willd. (theferns.info)
Pyramidalis1
- Effects of faecal sludge application on growth characteristics and chemical composition of Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam. (ethz.ch)
Rice1
- Pol, C. & Jahn, G.C. (2001): Response of two rice cultivars to the competition of Echinochloa crus-galli. (wikipedia.org)
Millet2
- Germination of Australian Channel Millet (Echinochloa turnerana (Domin) J.M. Black) Seeds. (udayton.edu)
- Conover, Denis G. and Geiger, Donald R., "Germination of Australian Channel Millet (Echinochloa turnerana (Domin) J.M. Black) Seeds. (udayton.edu)
Subsp1
- Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. (asu.edu)
Plants1
- 2022. Echinochloa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
Schult1
- Echinochloa commutata Schult. (theferns.info)
Phyllopogon1
- Herbicide-resistant watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss. (weedscience.com)
Colonum2
- Echinochloa colonum var. (asu.edu)
- Echinochloa colonum [q.v.]) for bread making. (purdue.edu)
Flora1
- 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 53 in Latin Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 515 稗属 bai shu Echinochloa P. Beauvois, Ess. (wikipedia.org)
Copy1
- Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses reveal the complex and reticulate evolution in the speciation of Echinochloa polyploids and provide evidence of constrained disease-related gene copy numbers in Echinochloa . (nature.com)