Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.
Infestations with arthropods of the subclass ACARI, superorder Acariformes.
Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)
Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.
Parasitic attack by members of the order SIPHONAPTERA.
Lice of the genus Pediculus, family Pediculidae. Pediculus humanus corporus is the human body louse and Pediculus humanus capitis is the human head louse.
Scalp dermatoses refer to various inflammatory skin conditions affecting the scalp, including seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and tinea capitis, often characterized by symptoms such as redness, scaling, itching, and hair loss.
The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.
The invasion of living tissues of man and other mammals by dipterous larvae.
A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators.
A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.
A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
Bugs of the family CIMICIDAE, genus Cimex. They are flattened, oval, reddish insects which inhabit houses, wallpaper, furniture, and beds. C. lectularius, of temperate regions, is the common bedbug that attacks humans and is frequently a serious pest in houses, hotels, barracks, and other living quarters. Experiments have shown that bedbugs can transmit a variety of diseases, but they are not normal vectors under natural conditions. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p272)
A genus of FLEAS in the family Pulicidae. It includes the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), one of the most common species on earth.
A species of mite that causes SCABIES in humans and sarcoptic mange in other animals. Specific variants of S. scabiei exist for humans and animals, but many have the ability to cross species and cause disease.
An infestation with the flea TUNGA PENETRANS causing inflammation, pruritus, and pain, in both humans and other mammals. There is a high incidence of secondary infections such as BACTEREMIA and TETANUS.
A genus of parasitic fleas in the family Pulicidae. They are found mainly in Africa, South America, and Central America.
Any arthropod of the subclass ACARI except the TICKS. They are minute animals related to the spiders, usually having transparent or semitransparent bodies. They may be parasitic on humans and domestic animals, producing various irritations of the skin (MITE INFESTATIONS). Many mite species are important to human and veterinary medicine as both parasite and vector. Mites also infest plants.
A genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, widespread in Africa. Members of the genus include many important vectors of animal and human pathogens.
Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
Living facilities for humans.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.
A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.
An order of parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless INSECTS with the common name of fleas.
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Skin diseases caused by ARTHROPODS; HELMINTHS; or other parasites.
A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Rhodnius prolixus is a vector for TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
An order of small, wingless parasitic insects, commonly known as lice. The suborders include ANOPLURA (sucking lice); AMBLYCERA; ISCHNOCERA; and Rhynchophthirina (elephant and warthog lice).
The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous plants, insects, or other animals. This includes control of plants that serve as habitats or food sources for animal pests.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Persons who have no permanent residence. The concept excludes nomadic peoples.

Predicting insecticide resistance: mutagenesis, selection and response. (1/238)

Strategies to manage resistance to a particular insecticide have usually been devised after resistance has evolved. If it were possible to predict likely resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides before they evolved in the field, it might be feasible to have programmes that manage susceptibility. With this approach in mind, single-gene variants of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, resistant to dieldrin, diazinon and malathion, were selected in the laboratory after mutagenesis of susceptible strains. The genetic and molecular bases of resistance in these variants were identical to those that had previously evolved in natural populations. Given this predictive capacity for known resistances, the approach was extended to anticipate possible mechanisms of resistance to cyromazine, an insecticide to which L. cuprina populations remain susceptible after almost 20 years of exposure. Analysis of the laboratory-generated resistant variants provides an explanation for this observation. The variants show low levels of resistance and a selective advantage over susceptibles for only a limited concentration range. These results are discussed in the context of the choice of insecticides for control purposes and of delivery strategies to minimize the evolution of resistance.  (+info)

Rainbow trout leucocyte activity: influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini. (2/238)

The ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed in vitro to macrophages isolated as peritoneal exudate cells or as pronephros cells from the host. Cells colonized the parasite especially in the mannose-rich regions in the cephalic ducts where ciliated structures were abundant. Opsonization with fresh serum, in contrast to heat-inactivated serum, enhanced colonization also on other body parts. The adverse effect of the activated macrophages towards G. derjavini was associated with a heat-labile component released from these cells to the culture medium. Analysis of substances released from the cells showed reactivity for a number of enzymes, complement factor C3, interleukin (Il-1) and reactive oxygen metabolites. Chemotaxis assays with pronephric leucocytes showed chemoattractants in G. derjavini, and the respiratory burst level of macrophages was slightly elevated due to parasite exposure. It is suggested that skin leucocytes contribute to an increased level of complement factors in the trout skin during the host response, whereby a hostile microenvironment for the parasites is created. In addition, the IL-1 production could affect mucous cell secretion and hyperplasia and add to the antiparasitic action of the epithelium. Likewise, reactive oxygen metabolites and various enzymes are likely to be involved in the skin response.  (+info)

Changes in physiological parameters and feeding behaviour of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infected with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis. (3/238)

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. artificially infected with salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer 1837) recovered from detrimental physiological changes and skin damage induced by preadult lice as the parasites matured. Growth rates of Atlantic salmon remained unaffected by lice infection, but food consumption decreased with increasing feeding and movement of the lice prior to and post-mating, correlating with the appearance of head erosions and detrimental changes in physiological integrity. Food consumption of the fish increased as the lice moulted to the adult stage and gravid female lice settled in a posterior location on the fish, subsequently reducing the impact of infection and allowing recovery of the skin damage. However, the impact of preadults was limited, as the decrease in food consumption of fish at 21 d post-infection had no effect on either the specific growth rate or condition factor of the fish. Furthermore, the intensity of lice infections at each of the sample days was not correlated with food consumption, specific growth rate or any of the haematological or physiological parameters measured, either before or after infection, indicating that lice intensity was independent of social dominance/subordinance. This work has provided the first evidence that infected fish can recover from the detrimental changes caused by lice infection, even when they are still infected with lice. If fish can survive the preadult stage of lice, then the mortal impact of lice infections is greatly reduced.  (+info)

Extent of gill pathology in the toadfish Tetractenos hamiltoni caused by Naobranchia variabilis (Copepoda: Naobranchiidae). (4/238)

Sanguinivorous Naobranchia variabilis prefer the first gill arch, external hemibranch and anterior end of the gill arch. The smallest N. variabilis observed attached to fish by a thin filament which connects fused tips of second maxillae to a 'plug' inserted into the gill tissue. Second maxillae enlarge to encircle and increasingly compress the gill filament, which results in a thin layer of epithelium and connective tissue overlying the cartilaginous supporting bar. Early juveniles cause little tissue proliferation, but the extent of proliferated epithelial and connective tissue (PR) adjacent to the maxillae increases from late juveniles to subadult and adult copepods. Most variation in length of gill filament damage (PL, proliferated and compressed tissue) among age classes is explained by maxilla length (ML, length of compressed gill filament); adult trunk width (TRW) explains an extra, small amount of variation, but not trunk length (TRL) or total fish length (TL). Most variation in ML is explained by TRW of adults, subadults and late juveniles, and TRL of early juveniles. PR is explained by TRW for adults, but by ML for other ages. These patterns are due to elongation of the juvenile trunk during growth and lateral expansion of adult egg pouches during maturation. Up to 38 N. variabilis, average (avg.) = 9.3, infected individual Tetractenos hamiltoni and damaged up to 3.4% (avg. 0.72%) of total filament length and 8.6% (avg. 2.1%) of gill filaments per fish.  (+info)

Chemical control of Haematobia irritans with 0.5% topical ivermectin solution in cattle. (5/238)

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation of ivermectin administered at the dose of 500 micrograms/kg against horn flies (Haematobia irritans) in cattle. Eighty-eight cattle in four herds naturally exposed to horn flies were used in the trial. Replicates were formed of two herds. Within replicates, one herd was randomly allocated to the untreated control and the other to the ivermectin treatment group. Horn fly counts were taken on the treatment day (Day 0) and on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-treatment. There were no horn flies on any cattle in the treatment group, whereas all the control cattle were continuously infested by horn flies on each examination day.  (+info)

Carotenoids, sexual signals and immune function in barn swallows from Chernobyl. (6/238)

Carotenoids have been hypothesized to facilitate immune function and act as free-radical scavengers, thereby minimizing the frequency of mutations. Populations of animals exposed to higher levels of free radicals are thus expected to demonstrate reduced sexual coloration if use of carotenoids for free-radical scavenging is traded against use for sexual signals. The intensity of carotenoid-based sexual coloration was compared among three populations of barn swallows Hirundo rustica differing in exposure to radioactive contamination. Lymphocyte and immunoglobulin concentrations were depressed, whereas the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, an index of stress, was enhanced in Chernobyl swallows compared to controls. Spleen size was reduced in Chernobyl compared to that of two control populations. Sexual coloration varied significantly among populations, with the size of a secondary sexual character (the length of the outermost tail feathers) being positively related to coloration in the two control populations, but not in the Chernobyl population. Thus the positive covariation between coloration and sexual signalling disappeared in the population subject to intense radioactive contamination. These findings suggest that the reliable signalling function of secondary sexual characters breaks down under extreme environmental conditions, no longer providing reliable information about the health status of males.  (+info)

Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) infestation with praziquantel in an experimental cage simulating commercial rockfish Sebastes schlegeli culture conditions. (7/238)

The antiparasitic efficacy of praziquantel against the blood-sucking polyopisthocotylean Microcotyle sebastis was tested in an experimental cage simulating commercial rockfish-culture conditions. Juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli were separated into 4 pilot net-pens, and the fish in the groups were either fed a control diet (Group C), fed a praziquantel-adsorbed diet (Group F), bathed in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min (Group B), or bathed in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min and then fed a praziquantel-adsorbed diet (Group BF). The results of the present study indicate that feeding a praziquantel-adsorbed diet significantly reduces the abundance of M. sebastis infestation, and bathing in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min is effective for controlling M. sebastis infestation in practical rockfish culture systems.  (+info)

Bovine teat atresia associated with horn fly (Haematobia irritans irritans (L.))-induced dermatitis. (8/238)

Mammary gland lesions characterized primarily as mammary teat atresia were observed in a Limousin beef cattle herd in eastern Texas. Atresia of multiple teats per mammary gland was reported in first-calf heifers at the time of calving. Pathogens were not identified in eight mammary glands collected at slaughter. Histology of affected glands demonstrated superficial and deep perivascular inflammation and fibrosing dermatitis of teat and mammary gland skin that resulted in formation of the atretic lesions of glandular tissue. Institution of a horn fly (Haematobia irritans irritans (L.)) control program using insecticide-impregnated ear tags was associated with elimination of the problem from the herd.  (+info)

Ectoparasitic infestations refer to the invasion and multiplication of parasites, such as lice, fleas, ticks, or mites, on the outer surface of a host organism, typically causing irritation, itching, and other skin disorders. These parasites survive by feeding on the host's blood, skin cells, or other bodily substances, leading to various health issues if left untreated.

Ectoparasitic infestations can occur in humans as well as animals and may require medical intervention for proper diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include redness, rash, inflammation, and secondary bacterial or viral infections due to excessive scratching. Preventive measures such as personal hygiene, regular inspections, and avoiding contact with infested individuals or environments can help reduce the risk of ectoparasitic infestations.

Mite infestations refer to the presence and multiplication of mites, which are tiny arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida, on or inside a host's body. This can occur in various sites such as the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, depending on the specific mite species.

Skin infestations by mites, also known as dermatophilosis or mange, are common and may cause conditions like scabies (caused by Sarcoptes scabiei) or demodecosis (caused by Demodex spp.). These conditions can lead to symptoms such as itching, rash, and skin lesions.

Lung infestations by mites, although rare, can occur in people who work in close contact with mites, such as farmers or laboratory workers. This condition is called "mite lung" or "farmer's lung," which is often caused by exposure to high levels of dust containing mite feces and dead mites.

Gastrointestinal infestations by mites can occur in animals but are extremely rare in humans. The most common example is the intestinal roundworm, which belongs to the phylum Nematoda rather than Arachnida.

It's important to note that mite infestations can be treated with appropriate medical interventions and prevention measures.

A lice infestation, also known as pediculosis, is a condition characterized by the presence and multiplication of parasitic insects called lice on a person's body. The three main types of lice that can infest humans are:

1. Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis): These lice primarily live on the scalp, neck, and behind the ears, feeding on human blood. They lay their eggs (nits) on hair shafts close to the scalp. Head lice infestations are most common in children aged 3-12 years old.

2. Body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis): These lice typically live and lay eggs on clothing, particularly seams and collars, near the body's warmest areas. They move to the skin to feed on blood, usually at night. Body lice infestations are more common in people who experience homelessness or overcrowded living conditions with limited access to clean clothing and hygiene facilities.

3. Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis): Also known as crab lice, these lice primarily live in coarse body hair, such as the pubic area, armpits, eyelashes, eyebrows, beard, or mustache. They feed on human blood and lay eggs on hair shafts close to the skin. Pubic lice infestations are typically sexually transmitted but can also occur through close personal contact with an infected individual or sharing contaminated items like bedding or clothing.

Symptoms of a lice infestation may include intense itching, tickling sensations, and visible red bumps or sores on the skin caused by lice bites. In some cases, secondary bacterial infections can occur due to scratching. Diagnosis is usually made through visual identification of lice or nits on the body or clothing. Treatment typically involves topical medications, such as shampoos, creams, or lotions, and thorough cleaning of bedding, clothing, and personal items to prevent reinfestation.

A "tick infestation" is not a formal medical term, but it generally refers to a situation where an individual has a large number of ticks (Ixodida: Acarina) on their body or in their living environment. Ticks are external parasites that feed on the blood of mammals, birds, and reptiles.

An infestation can occur in various settings, including homes, gardens, parks, and forests. People who spend time in these areas, especially those with pets or who engage in outdoor activities like camping, hiking, or hunting, are at a higher risk of tick encounters.

Tick infestations can lead to several health concerns, as ticks can transmit various diseases, such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis, among others. It is essential to take preventive measures to avoid tick bites and promptly remove any attached ticks to reduce the risk of infection.

If you suspect a tick infestation in your living environment or on your body, consult a healthcare professional or a pest control expert for proper assessment and guidance on how to proceed.

A flea infestation refers to an unwanted invasion and multiplication of fleas (small, wingless insects that jump) in living spaces or on a host organism, usually a mammal or bird. These parasites feed on the blood of their hosts, causing itching, discomfort, and sometimes transmitting diseases.

Flea infestations are particularly common in domestic animals such as dogs and cats, but they can also affect humans. The most prevalent flea species is the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), although dog fleas (Ctenocephalides canis) and human fleas (Pulex irritans) can also cause infestations.

Signs of a flea infestation include:

1. Seeing live fleas on the host or in their living environment.
2. Finding flea dirt, which looks like small black specks and is actually flea feces, on the host or their bedding.
3. Excessive scratching, biting, or licking by the host, leading to skin irritation, redness, and hair loss.
4. Presence of flea eggs, which are tiny and white, in the host's fur or living spaces.
5. Development of secondary skin infections due to constant scratching and biting.

Preventing and controlling flea infestations involves regular vacuuming, washing pet bedding, using topical or oral preventatives for pets, and sometimes employing professional pest control services.

"Pediculus" is the medical term for a type of small, wingless parasitic insect that can be found in human hair and on the body. There are two main species that affect humans:

1. Pediculus humanus capitis - also known as the head louse, it primarily lives on the scalp and is responsible for causing head lice infestations.
2. Pediculus humanus corporis - also known as the body louse, it typically lives in clothing and on the body, particularly in seams and folds of clothing, and can cause body lice infestations.

Both species of Pediculus feed on human blood and can cause itching and skin irritation. They are primarily spread through close personal contact and sharing of items such as hats, combs, and clothing.

Scalp dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the scalp. These can include inflammatory conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff, cradle cap), psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (eczema), and lichen planus; infectious processes like bacterial folliculitis, tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and viral infections; as well as autoimmune conditions such as alopecia areata. Symptoms can range from mild scaling and itching to severe redness, pain, and hair loss. The specific diagnosis and treatment of scalp dermatoses depend on the underlying cause.

'Insect control' is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, it generally refers to the methods and practices used to manage or reduce the population of insects that can be harmful or disruptive to human health, food supply, or property. This can include various strategies such as chemical pesticides, biological control agents, habitat modification, and other integrated pest management techniques.

In medical terms, 'vector control' is a more relevant concept, which refers to the specific practices used to reduce or prevent the transmission of infectious diseases by insects and other arthropods that act as disease vectors (such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas). Vector control measures may include the use of insecticides, larvicides, biological control agents, environmental management, personal protection methods, and other integrated vector management strategies.

Myiasis is defined as the infestation of living tissues of humans and vertebrate animals by dipterous larvae, which, generally after hatching from eggs deposited on necrotic tissue or in body openings, feed on living or dead tissue, liquids, or ingested food. This condition can lead to various clinical manifestations depending upon the location and extent of infestation. It is most commonly found in warm, damp climates and among populations with poor hygiene or who have wounds that are left exposed.

Acaricides are a type of pesticide that are specifically used to kill acarines, which are mites and ticks. These agents work by targeting the nervous system of the acarines, leading to paralysis and eventually death. Acaricides are commonly used in agricultural settings to protect crops from mite infestations, and in medical and veterinary settings to control ticks and mites that can transmit diseases to humans and animals. It is important to use acaricides according to the manufacturer's instructions and to take appropriate safety precautions to minimize exposure to non-target organisms, including humans.

Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the infestation of the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The female mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays its eggs and causes an intensely pruritic (itchy) rash. The rash is often accompanied by small red bumps and blisters, typically found in areas such as the hands, wrists, elbows, armpits, waistline, genitals, and buttocks. Scabies is transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual or through sharing of contaminated items like bedding or clothing. It can affect people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic backgrounds, but it is particularly common in crowded living conditions, nursing homes, and child care facilities. Treatment usually involves topical medications or oral drugs that kill the mites and their eggs, as well as thorough cleaning and laundering of bedding, clothing, and towels to prevent reinfestation.

Triatoma is a genus of insects in the family Reduviidae, also known as "kissing bugs" or "conenose bugs." These insects are called "kissing bugs" because they often bite humans around the mouth and face. They are found primarily in the Americas, ranging from the southern United States to Argentina.

Triatoma species are of medical importance because they can transmit a parasitic infection called Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) to humans through their feces. The parasite that causes Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, is found in the bug's feces and can enter the human body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin.

Chagas disease can cause serious health problems, including heart damage and digestive system complications, if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to take precautions to prevent Triatoma bites and seek medical attention promptly if bitten by one of these insects.

Bedbugs are small, wingless insects that belong to the family Cimicidae. The scientific name for the most common species of bedbug is Cimex lectularius. Adult bedbugs are oval-shaped, flat, and reddish-brown in color, while nymphs (immature bedbugs) are smaller, lighter in color, and translucent.

Bedbugs feed on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded animals, usually at night when their hosts are asleep. They are attracted to body heat and carbon dioxide exhaled by their hosts. Bedbug bites can cause itchy red welts or bumps on the skin, but they are not known to transmit any diseases.

Bedbugs can be found in a variety of places where people sleep or rest for extended periods, including homes, hotels, hostels, and college dormitories. They can hide in cracks and crevices in furniture, walls, floors, and bedding, making them difficult to detect and eliminate.

To prevent bedbug infestations, it is recommended to inspect second-hand furniture carefully before bringing it into your home, use protective encasements on mattresses and box springs, and avoid storing items under beds or near walls. If you suspect a bedbug infestation, contact a pest management professional for assistance.

Ctenocephalides is a genus of parasitic insects in the family Pulicidae, commonly known as fleas. There are two main species within this genus that are of medical importance: Ctenocephalides canis (the dog flea) and Ctenocephalides felis (the cat flea). These flea species are vectors for various disease-causing pathogens and parasites, which can affect both animals and humans. They can cause irritation, allergic reactions, and transmit bacterial infections such as murine typhus and endemic typhus. Proper identification and control of Ctenocephalides infestations are essential for preventing the spread of these diseases.

"Sarcoptes scabiei" is a medical term that refers to a species of mite known as the human itch mite or simply scabies mite. This tiny arthropod burrows into the upper layer of human skin, where it lives and lays its eggs, causing an intensely itchy skin condition called scabies. The female mite measures about 0.3-0.5 mm in length and has eight legs. It is barely visible to the naked eye.

The mite's burrowing and feeding activities trigger an immune response in the host, leading to a characteristic rash and intense itching, particularly at night. The rash typically appears as small red bumps or blisters and can occur anywhere on the body, but is most commonly found in skin folds such as the wrists, elbows, armpits, waistline, and buttocks.

Scabies is highly contagious and can spread rapidly through close physical contact with an infected person, shared bedding or towels, or prolonged skin-to-skin contact. It is important to seek medical treatment promptly if scabies is suspected, as the condition can cause significant discomfort and lead to secondary bacterial infections if left untreated. Treatment typically involves topical medications that kill the mites and their eggs, as well as thorough cleaning of bedding, clothing, and other items that may have come into contact with the infected person.

Tungiasis is a parasitic skin disease caused by the female sand flea (Tunga penetrans or Tunga trimamillata) that burrows into the skin, primarily in the feet and toes. This condition is more common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, such as Central and South America, Africa, and the Caribbean.

The female sand flea is attracted to the warm, moist areas of the body and penetrates the skin, where it feeds on blood and lymphatic fluid. The burrowing process causes an inflammatory response in the host's tissue, resulting in a small, painful nodule or lesion that can become secondarily infected with bacteria.

Symptoms of tungiasis include itching, pain, redness, and swelling at the site of the infestation. In severe cases, multiple burrowing fleas can cause extensive tissue damage, leading to disfigurement, disability, or even death if left untreated. Treatment typically involves removing the embedded flea through surgical extraction or using topical medications to kill the parasite and reduce inflammation. Preventive measures include wearing protective footwear in infested areas and practicing good hygiene.

"Tunga" is a term that refers to a genus of parasitic fleas, also known as chigoe fleas or sand fleas. The most common species in this genus is Tunga penetrans, which is found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Central and South America, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Tunga fleas are unique because the female fleas burrow into the skin of their hosts, usually humans or animals such as pigs and dogs, to feed on blood and lay their eggs. This can cause a condition known as tungiasis, which is characterized by itchy, painful lesions on the feet, hands, or other parts of the body where the fleas have burrowed in.

Tungiasis can lead to a range of complications, including secondary bacterial infections, lymphangitis, and elephantiasis, particularly if left untreated. Treatment typically involves removing the embedded flea and cleaning and dressing the wound, as well as administering antibiotics or other medications as needed to prevent or treat infection. Preventive measures include wearing protective footwear in areas where Tunga fleas are common and using insect repellents.

Mites are tiny arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida, which also includes spiders and ticks. They are characterized by their small size, usually measuring less than 1 mm in length, and their lack of obvious segmentation on their bodies. Many mites are parasitic, feeding on the skin cells, blood, or fluids of plants and animals, including humans. Some common mite infestations in humans include scabies, caused by the itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei), and dust mites (e.g., Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae), which are commonly found in household dust and can cause allergic reactions in some people. It's worth noting that the majority of mites are not harmful to humans and play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers and predators.

"Rhipicephalus" is a genus of ticks that are commonly found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Europe, and Asia. These ticks are known to parasitize various mammals, birds, and reptiles, and can transmit a variety of diseases to their hosts. Some species of Rhipicephalus ticks are capable of transmitting serious diseases to humans, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and African tick-bite fever. These ticks are usually found in grassy or wooded areas, and can be carried by animals such as cattle, sheep, and deer. They are typically reddish-brown in color and have a hard, shield-shaped body. Proper identification and prevention measures are important for avoiding tick bites and reducing the risk of tick-borne diseases.

Antiparasitic agents are a type of medication used to treat parasitic infections. These agents include a wide range of drugs that work to destroy, inhibit the growth of, or otherwise eliminate parasites from the body. Parasites are organisms that live on or inside a host and derive nutrients at the host's expense.

Antiparasitic agents can be divided into several categories based on the type of parasite they target. Some examples include:

* Antimalarial agents: These drugs are used to treat and prevent malaria, which is caused by a parasite that is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
* Antiprotozoal agents: These drugs are used to treat infections caused by protozoa, which are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases such as giardiasis, amoebic dysentery, and sleeping sickness.
* Antihelminthic agents: These drugs are used to treat infections caused by helminths, which are parasitic worms that can infect various organs of the body, including the intestines, lungs, and skin. Examples include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

Antiparasitic agents work in different ways to target parasites. Some disrupt the parasite's metabolism or interfere with its ability to reproduce. Others damage the parasite's membrane or exoskeleton, leading to its death. The specific mechanism of action depends on the type of antiparasitic agent and the parasite it is targeting.

It is important to note that while antiparasitic agents can be effective in treating parasitic infections, they can also have side effects and potential risks. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any antiparasitic medication to ensure safe and appropriate use.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.

Insecticides are substances or mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, including insects, arachnids, or other related pests. They can be chemical or biological agents that disrupt the growth, development, or behavior of these organisms, leading to their death or incapacitation. Insecticides are widely used in agriculture, public health, and residential settings for pest control. However, they must be used with caution due to potential risks to non-target organisms and the environment.

Parasitic eye infections are conditions characterized by the invasion and infestation of the eye or its surrounding structures by parasites. These can be protozoans, helminths, or ectoparasites. Examples of such infections include Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is caused by a free-living amoeba found in water and soil; Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii; Loiasis, which is caused by the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa; and Demodicosis, which is caused by the mite Demodex folliculorum. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite but often include redness, pain, discharge, and vision changes. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications and sometimes surgery to remove the parasites or damaged tissue. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil.

Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic drug that is used to treat a variety of infections caused by parasites such as roundworms, threadworms, and lice. It works by paralyzing and killing the parasites, thereby eliminating the infection. Ivermectin is available in various forms, including tablets, creams, and solutions for topical use, as well as injections for veterinary use.

Ivermectin has been shown to be effective against a wide range of parasitic infections, including onchocerciasis (river blindness), strongyloidiasis, scabies, and lice infestations. It is also being studied as a potential treatment for other conditions, such as COVID-19, although its effectiveness for this use has not been proven.

Ivermectin is generally considered safe when used as directed, but it can cause side effects in some people, including skin rashes, nausea, and diarrhea. It should be used with caution in pregnant women and people with certain medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease.

Siphonaptera is the scientific order that includes fleas. Fleas are small, wingless insects with laterally compressed bodies and strong legs adapted for jumping. They are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds. Fleas can be a nuisance to their hosts, and some people and animals have allergic reactions to flea saliva. Fleas can also transmit diseases, such as bubonic plague and murine typhus, and parasites like tapeworms.

Insect vectors are insects that transmit disease-causing pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites) from one host to another. They do this while feeding on the host's blood or tissues. The insects themselves are not infected by the pathogen but act as mechanical carriers that pass it on during their bite. Examples of diseases spread by insect vectors include malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes), Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks), and plague (transmitted by fleas). Proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellent and reducing standing water where mosquitoes breed, can help reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.

Parasitic skin diseases are conditions caused by parasites living on or in the skin. These parasites can be insects, mites, or fungi that feed off of the host for their own survival. They can cause a variety of symptoms including itching, rashes, blisters, and lesions on the skin. Examples of parasitic skin diseases include scabies, lice infestations, and ringworm. Treatment typically involves the use of topical or oral medications to kill the parasites and alleviate symptoms.

"Rhodnius" is not a medical term, but rather it refers to a genus of true bugs in the family Reduviidae. These small, wingless insects are known as "bugs" and are commonly found in tropical regions of the Americas. They feed on plant sap and are also known to be vectors for certain diseases, such as Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, they are not typically associated with human medicine or medical conditions.

Phthiraptera is an order of small parasitic insects, also known as lice. They are characterized by having a specialized body structure adapted for living in close association with birds and mammals. There are three main subgroups: Anoplura (sucking lice), Ischnocera (chewing lice), and Rhynchophthirina (large-biting lice). Lice can cause itching, discomfort, and spread diseases to their hosts.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pest control" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Pest control refers to the regulation or management of species considered to be pests, which can include insects, rodents, and other organisms that can cause damage to crops, transmit diseases, or otherwise negatively impact human activities.

In a medical context, you might be looking for information on "pesticide exposure" or "insect-borne diseases." Pesticide exposure refers to the contact with pesticides, which are substances used to control pests. These exposures can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and may lead to a variety of health effects depending on the type and amount of pesticide involved. Insect-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted to humans through the bite of infected insects, such as mosquitoes, ticks, or fleas. Examples include malaria, Lyme disease, and Zika virus infection.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

There is no single, universally accepted medical definition of "homeless persons." However, in the public health and healthcare contexts, homeless individuals are often defined as those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. This can include people who are living on the streets, in shelters, vehicles, or other temporary or emergency housing situations. The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, a major federal law in the United States that provides funding for homeless services programs, defines homeless individuals as those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, and includes people who are living in shelters, transitional housing, or doubled up with family or friends due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or similar reasons.

An ectoparasitic infestation is a parasitic disease caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host.[ ... "Ectoparasitic infestations in homeless children". Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 14 (1): 20-4. doi:10.1053/spid.2003.127213. PMID ...
Barthold, SW; Griffey, SM; Percy, DH (2016). "Ectoparasitic infestations: Fur mite infestations: Acariasis". Pathology of ...
An ectoparasiticide is an antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations. These drugs are used to kill ...
Mite infestation sometimes implies an ectoparasitic, cutaneous condition such as dermatitis. However, it is possible for mites ... Acariasis is an infestation with mites. There are several complications with the terminology: Acariasis is a term for a rash, ... Mite+infestations at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Lesna, Izabela; Wolfs, Peter; Faraji ... MeSH uses the term "Mite Infestations" as pertaining to Acariformes. However, mites not in this grouping can be associated with ...
... "infestation" is often reserved only for external ectoparasitic infestations while the term infection refers to internal ... External or ectoparasitic infestation is a condition in which organisms live primarily on the surface of the host (though ... "infestation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary "Infestation - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". ... Infestation is the state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites. It can also refer to the actual organisms living on ...
Like other birds of prey, the presence of alternate nest may be a strategy to cope with ectoparasitic infestations within the ...
... , also referred to as Feline scabies, is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by an ectoparasitic and ... Infestation is also called acariasis, which refers to a rash that is caused by mites. Infestation of N. cati causes several ... In humans, infestation of N.cati can result in transient pruritic lesions. Notoedric mange is caused by the sarcoptic mite ... Otoacariasis is a rare infestation of the ear canal, which can be caused by different types of mites and ticks. Most commonly N ...
"Infestations of wild adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) by the ectoparasitic copepod sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis ( ... Sea trout populations in recent years may have seriously declined due to infestation by sea lice, and Krkosek et al. have ... A. Morton; R. Routledge; M. Krkošek (2008). "Sea louse infestation in wild juvenile salmon and Pacific herring associated with ... Whether stressed fish are particularly prone to infestation is unclear. Sea-lice infection causes a generalized chronic stress ...
Camels are prone to severe infestation and wild animals such as foxes may die from sarcoptes infestation. One genus of mites, ... Ectoparasitic mites typically transfer by crawling between hosts in close contact (see also section on control). The unusual ... Dense infestations of a poultry house cause much biting stress and loss of production to the birds, and human workers in the ... Diagnosis of mite infestations can be difficult because of the small size of most mites, but understanding how mites are ...
Louse may also refer to: Pediculosis, an infection caused by lice Pediculosis capitis (Head lice infestation) Pediculosis ... a family of ectoparasitic marine copepods Whale louse, the Cyamidae, a family of parasitic amphipod crustaceans Woodlouse, the ...
They are indicated for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations, and the treatment and control of tick infestations in ... "Frontline NexGard (afoxolaner) for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Ectoparasitic Diseases in Dogs. Full Prescribing ... "Afoxolaner as a Treatment for a Novel Sarcoptes scabiei Infestation in a Juvenile Potbelly Pig". Frontiers in Veterinary ... Evaluation of a Single Oral Dose of Afoxolaner against Sarcoptes scabiei in the Porcine Scabies Model for Human Infestation". ...
Infestations by Carnus hemapterus appear to be rather harmless for the host chicks. In spite of that, barn owl females ... The faeces and blood remains from these ectoparasitic flies make spots on the eggshell surface of host birds. This ...
Infestation with pubic lice is also called phthiriasis or phthiriasis pubis, while infestation of eyelashes with pubic lice is ... ISBN 978-0-521-85447-4. "Ectoparasitic Infections - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines". www.cdc.gov. 11 January 2019. Retrieved 20 ... Infestation with pubic lice is found in all parts of the world and occurs in all ethnic groups and all levels of society. ... Infestation with pubic lice is found in all parts of the world, occurs in all ethnic groups and all levels of society. Current ...
... sebastis infestation, and bathing in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 minutes is effective for controlling M. sebastis infestation in ... PDF in BHL Goto, S. (1899). Notes on some exotic species of ectoparasitic trematode. The journal of the College of Science, ... Ishii N., Sawada T. 1938: Studies on the ectoparasitic trematodes. In: Livro Jubilar Prof. Travassos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, ... Ishii, N. and Sawada, T. (1937). [Studies on the ectoparasitic trematodes]. Nihon Kiseichū Gakkai Kiji 9: 3-97. [In Japanese]) ...
In some cases, relatively intact soft-bodied adult helminths and ectoparasitic arthropods have been found. All of these forms ... Allison MJ, Pezzia A, Hasegawa I, Gerszten E (1974). "A case of hookworm infestation in a precolumbian American". American ... Sing A, Tybus K, Fackler I (2008). "Acute urticaria associated with Dicrocoelium dendriticum infestation". Indian J Med ... but also the knowledge and attitudes that the people had towards their parasitic infestations. However, specific ...
Infestation by an Apororhynchus species may cause enteritis and anemia. The first species in this order to be described was ... The genus Apororhynchus consists of ectoparasitic worms that attach themselves beneath the skin and around the anus of birds. ... Infestation can cause enteritis and anemia in Hawaiian honeycreepers. Hosts for Apororhynchus species The crested oropendola is ... The parasite has been found infesting juvenile European robins, indicating that the infestation occurred in the nesting area. ...
... sebastis infestation, and that bathing in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min is effective for controlling infestations in practical ... 1894). "Studies on the ectoparasitic Trematodes of Japan". doi:10.5962/bhl.title.56506. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ... Kim, KH; Cho, JB (2000). "Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) infestation with praziquantel in an ...
Arthropod infestations, Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin, Tropical diseases). ... Tungiasis is an inflammatory skin disease caused by infection with the female ectoparasitic Tunga penetrans, a flea also known ... In a recent study involving two cohorts, the infestation rates dropped 92% on average for the first one and 90% for the other. ... This inflammatory reaction is the initial immunological response to the infestation. Heavily infested patients may not notice a ...
As for the season in general, the summer infestations are usually contained with the exception of cooler environment and more ... is one of the most active of the ectoparasitic larvae of B. oleae. Although polyphagous, its summer generations are usually ... On the other hand, infestation peaks happen from the months of September until cold weather arrives, especially with a rainy ... Further reliable information used is the sampling of olives to estimate the extent of infestation. In this case, the threshold ...
A survey of horses in Kentucky revealed a 42% rate of infestation with Thelazia lacrymalis. In Wyoming and Utah, a survey of ... Otranto, D; Traversa, D (2005). "Thelazia eyeworm: an original endo- and ecto-parasitic nematode". Trends in Parasitology. 21 ( ... In camels, T. leesei infestations have been reported from the Post-Soviet states and India. The intermediate hosts of several ... Thelaziasis is the term for infestation with parasitic nematodes of the genus Thelazia. The adults of all Thelazia species ...
In secondary infestation, rotting can occur due to pathogens and a foul odor is emitted. There is a dehydrated condition with ... Also, several organisms such as; an ectoparasitic mite, Uropodia, and an entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae also ... Infestation starts with 5-month-old plants. An early symptom is appearing small pinhead-sized holes on the stem and fibrous ...
They are often called "eyeworms", and infestation with Thelazia species is referred to as "thelaziasis" (occasionally spelled " ... and ecto-parasitic nematode." Trends in Parasitology 21(1):1-4. do Vale, Beatriz; Lopes, Ana Patrícia; da Conceição Fontes, ... callipaeda infestation in humans have been reported thus far. Intermediate hosts: Fruit flies (Amiota (Phortica) variegata in ...
A. besseyi is an ectoparasitic nematode which means it feeds on the plant tissue externally. This nematode is most often ... 8(2): p. 178-9. Hoshino, S. and K. Togashi, A Simple Method for Determining Aphelenchoides besseyi Infestation Level of Oryza ...
This infestation develops into severe disease and can be fatal if the infestation is at a vulnerable site such as ear or navel ... Marshall, A.G. (1981) The Ecology of Ectoparasitic Insects. New York, Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-474080-4. Paterson, S. (2008) ... With infestations of warble-flies and nasal-bots severe distress to the hosts may be caused and there are production losses ... These infestations and infections cause distress to companion animals, and in livestock industry the financial costs of these ...
Severe Lernaea infestations probably causes the death of many more adult Murray cod than commonly recognised. Ebner reports a ... Rowland SJ; Ingram BA (1991). Diseases of Australian native freshwater fishes with particular emphasis on the ectoparasitic and ... Goodwin, AE (1999). "Massive Lernaea cyprinacea infestations damaging the gills of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ... Wild Murray cod populations across their range suffer extremely severe infestations of Lernaea or "anchor worm", a parasitic ...
Young host bats that are still dependent on their mother also show a high infestation rate. These preferences demonstrate the ... comparative population genetics of two ectoparasitic mites and their bat hosts". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 18. doi: ... Bruyndonckx N, Dubey S, Christe P (December 2010). "Fortuitous infestation or wide host range? The case of Spinturnicidae and ... that pregnant or lactating bats have experienced increased oxygen consumption and weight loss due to Spinturnix infestations. ...
... is a large ectoparasitic copepod specialising in parasitising marine mammals. It is the largest member ... infestation in a pinniped". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 33 (1): 62-65. JSTOR 20096177. PMID 12216795. Hrvoje Brzica ( ...
... is ectoparasitic, which means it is a parasite that lives primarily on the surface of its hosts. It has ... Infestation reduces the efficiency with which food can be utilised, delaying the development of the gonads. Up to 30% loss in ...
Heavy infestations can result in premature leaf drop which over a series of years may affect tree health. Honeylocust pod gall ... Some ectoparasitic nematodes (nematodes that live outside the plant in the soil), such as sting and stubby-root nematodes, may ... The infestation may be reduced by pruning and destroying the galled areas before the adult insect emerges, usually in late ... Infestations begin when females lay eggs in young leaflets. There are five or more generations each year. Infested leaves often ...
An ectoparasitic fly, cf. Ceratopogonidae, sucking blood from a larva of P. demodocus Final instar larva, osmeterium extended, ... so that integrated pest management is generally the most rational approach to control of infestations, paying due attention to ...
An ectoparasitic infestation is a parasitic disease caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host.[ ... "Ectoparasitic infestations in homeless children". Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 14 (1): 20-4. doi:10.1053/spid.2003.127213. PMID ...
Ectoparasitic Infestations / drug therapy * Ectoparasitic Infestations / veterinary* * Fish Diseases / drug therapy* * Garlic ...
ectoparasite, Gallus gallus domesticus, Infestation, Prevalence. Abstract:. Assessment of ectoparasitic infestation in chickens ... Assessment of ectoparasitic infestation in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the Sunyani west district, Ghana Publication ... Home » Literature » Assessment of ectoparasitic infestation in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the Sunyani west district ... Regular examination of the highly infested body areas may help poultry farmers detect and control ectoparasitic infesta- tion ...
Pubic lice and scabies (ectoparasitic infestations). Sexually transmitted infections. Q Fever. Zoonotic (animals). ...
Categories: Ectoparasitic Infestations Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Ectoparasitic infestations. *. Exact Matching Concepts from Other Schemes. *. myiasis *. Closely Matching Concepts from Other ...
35 Sushma C, Khahra SS, Nauriyal DC, Chhabra S. Efficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin in treatment of ectoparasitic infestation ...
No baboon showed ectoparasitic infestation or clinical signs of vector-borne diseases, and all displayed good physical status ( ...
Effect of the size of worker brood cells of Africanized honey bees on infestation and reproduction of the ectoparasitic mite ... The effects of climate and bee race on Varroa jacobsoni Oud infestations in Brazil Apidologie 22, 197-203 (1991). ... European adult workers were twice as susceptible to infestation as Africanized bees, whereas hybrid workers were not different ... and hybrid honeybees differ in susceptibility to Varroa infestation and to determine if Varroa differentially reproduce on ...
To ask the Secretary of State for Wales what was the number of cases of ectoparasitic infestation in sheep for (a) the two ... Other ectoparasitic infections of sheep have never been notifiable in Wales and consequently information on the number of cases ... Other ectoparasitic infections of sheep have never been notifiable in England and consequently information on the number of ... To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what was the number of cases of ectoparasitic infection in sheep for (a ...
... and roosting habits can affect intensity of parasite infestation. This study assessed ectoparasitism on three species of ... Ectoparasitic arthropods can decrease the fitness or survival of their hosts by increasing host energy expenditure. Bats harbor ... Ectoparasitic arthropods can decrease the fitness or survival of their hosts by increasing host energy expenditure. Bats harbor ... many species of ectoparasites; host biology, grooming, and roosting habits can affect intensity of parasite infestation. This ...
Ecto - parasitic infestations:. *Tick, lice etc. Endo - parasitic diseases:. *Tapeworm. *Roundworm. *Fluke infection ...
Ectoparasitic infestations (Ticks, Sucking lice). Clinical symptoms: This disease cause irrigation, also helps in transmit of ... Parasitic - worm infestation. These are divided into four groups, parasites of true or fourth stomach, parasites of small ...
AdultAnimalsBrazilEctoparasitic InfestationsFemaleFootHumansMaleSiphonapteraSkin Diseases, ParasiticTravel ... It is endemic in certain resource poor areas around the world and imported infestations in travellers can lead to considerable ... It is endemic in certain resource poor areas around the world and imported infestations in travellers can lead to considerable ... A plant-based repellent protects against Tunga penetrans infestation and sand flea disease. ...
... ectoparasitic infestations Dosage 2.5 ml per 10 kg body ... ectoparasitic infestations. Dosage. 2.5 ml per 10 kg body ... Infections & Infestations. Menu Toggle. *. Antibiotics. Menu Toggle. *. Amikacin Sulphate. *. Amoxycilin. Menu Toggle. *. ... Infections & Infestations. Menu Toggle. *. Antibiotics. Menu Toggle. *. Amikacin Sulphate. *. Amoxycilin. Menu Toggle. *. ...
Less than 6 months of age: Cutaneous adverse food reaction (food-triggered AD), ectoparasitic infestation; or infectious causes ... 6 years of age or older: CAFR, ectoparasitic infestation, endocrinopathies (with secondary bacterial or Malassezia infections ... 6 months to 5 years of age: CAFR, eAD, or ectoparasitic infestation ... Ectoparasitic infection:. *Therapeutic trial for ectoparasites if all previous diagnostics are negative: *Selamectin or ...
... in chickens with ectoparasitic infestation. Eosinophils increased significantly (p=0.0363) although mean erythrocytes counts ... A high intensity of black spot infestation was observed in the fins (43.9%), skin and underlying muscles (18.3%), and gills (18 ... Moreover, attention ought to be geared towards prevention of parasitic infestations in fish so as to minimize fish deaths ... Parasitological investigation found infestation with Diplostomum spp., Dactylogyrus spp., Clinostomum spp., and Piscicola ...
Thesis Title : Occurrence of ecto-parasitic infestation of cattle of Gaibandha district, Bangladesh ...
Both of these products are licensed for the treatment and prevention of ectoparasitic infestations. This means they kill and ... If youre using the product to treat an active infestation with fleas, then its best to launder and vacuum your dogs bedding ... some bug bombs - but be careful using these!) which will help to end the infestation. ... In some severe flea infestations, your pet may need treatment before that time. ...
In both studies, the infestation in the control groups was adequate at all assessment times. In Study 1, efficacy at 24 h was ... 8 and 12 h after treatment and after each subsequent weekly infestation, through day 35. In both studies, for each assessed ... dose rate of 6 mg/kg was effective as early as 8 hours post-administration and at 8 hours after subsequent weekly infestations ... 24 h after treatment and after new weekly infestations, until day 35. Study 2 evaluated the speed of kill of lotilaner against ...
The essential oil content of the product helps to decrease the level of ectoparasitic infestation (Varroa destructor). ...
Ectoparasitic Infection is caused by an infestation of Pediculus Pubis (pubic lice) and human mites. Some common examples of ... Ectoparasitic Sexually Transmitted Infection. admin0. What is Ectoparasitic Sexually Transmitted Infection? Ectoparasitic ...
Delete EC is an acaricide and insecticide for the prevention and treatment of ectoparasitic infestation like ticks in livestock ...
Hence, it should be ensured that the place where pup is kept or taken should be free from ectoparasitic infestation. ... Once in a while, flea comb should be used to check flea infestation. Antiseptic/antimicrobial dusting powders can be used to ...
Other ectoparasitic diseases are infrequent in guinea pigs. Infestation with the fur mite Chirodiscoides caviae may result in ... Lice infestation with either Gyropus ovalis or Gliricola porcelli is usually asymptomatic but in severe cases may lead to ... usually revealing a massive T caviae infestation. Treatment involves ivermectin (0.4-0.5 mg/kg, SC, repeated 2-3 times at ... moxidectin is an effective treatment for lice infestations in guinea pigs. Prevention is aimed at improving sanitary conditions ...
Other ectoparasitic diseases are infrequent in guinea pigs. Infestation with the fur mite Chirodiscoides caviae may result in ... Lice infestation with either Gyropus ovalis or Gliricola porcelli is usually asymptomatic but in severe cases may lead to ... usually revealing a massive T caviae infestation. Treatment involves ivermectin (0.4-0.5 mg/kg, SC, repeated 2-3 times at ... moxidectin is an effective treatment for lice infestations in guinea pigs. Prevention is aimed at improving sanitary conditions ...
Ectoparasitic Infestations. *Larva Migrans. *Leishmaniasis. *Lice Infestations. *Onchocerciasis. *Scabies. Below are MeSH ...
Susceptibility to ectoparasitic infestation and increased mortality in exposed fish suggested P. rubescens associated effects ... observed gill pathology appeared to result primarily from mechanical abrasion and irritation due to ectoparasitic infestation. ... concentration were recorded and the fish were observed for behavioural changes and examined for parasite infestations. Gill ...
  • The author states in the Abstract that, 'If bird mite infestation is not correctly diagnosed, families who attempt to repeatedly treat it as if it were lice or scabies may incur considerable expense until the source of infestation is eliminated. (health.gov.au)
  • bird mite infestation. (health.gov.au)
  • This study provides the first description of seasonal variation in mite infestation in opilions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. (unifesp.br)
  • If you have a mite infestation in your building, it probably came from a nearby bird nest. (plunketts.net)
  • Abstract - This study was conducted to determine if European, Africanized, and hybrid honeybees differ in susceptibility to Varroa infestation and to determine if Varroa differentially reproduce on different types of brood. (apidologie.org)
  • The essential oil content of the product helps to decrease the level of ectoparasitic infestation (Varroa destructor). (euro-vet.eu)
  • The incidence of ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman), Tropilaelaps clareae (Delfinado and Baker) and wax moth Galleria mellonella (L.) on the honey bee Apis mellifera L. was assessed during 2019-20 at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Morena, Madhya Pradesh. (indianentomology.org)
  • Effect of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman infestation on Apis mellifera L. adults. (indianentomology.org)
  • The ectoparasitic varroa mite ( Varroa destructor ) is a major pest of the honey bee and contributes to significant declines in honey bee populations worldwide. (confex.com)
  • These acaricides have shown adverse health effects on honey bees, while resistance to these chemistries limits their use to effectively reduce varroa mite infestations. (confex.com)
  • Ectoparasitic Infection is caused by an infestation of Pediculus Pubis (pubic lice) and human mites. (ciphi.org)
  • Tropilaelaps clareae infestation was minimum (6 mites/colony) in the second fortnight of November 2019 and maximum (22 mites/colony) during the first fortnight of October 2019, as assessed by the sugar dusting method. (indianentomology.org)
  • Status of bee diseases and ectoparasitic mites in Apis mellifera in Punjab, India. (indianentomology.org)
  • Scabies is an infection caused by the infestation of human mites in pubic hair. (ciphi.org)
  • The rest of the ectoparasitic infections are caused by bed bugs, fleas, ticks, head lice, and head mites, which are not transmitted through sexual contact. (ciphi.org)
  • The recent article by Charles R Watson, Human infestation with bird mites in Wollongong, 1 may lead to confusion and inappropriate diagnoses in relation to the particular mites actually or potentially involved. (health.gov.au)
  • Mean infestation intensity (number of mites per individual) ranged from 0.3 to 11.3 with maximum observed intensity of 20 mites/individual. (unifesp.br)
  • If mites attach themselves to you, ask your doctor about prescription ectoparasitic mite-removing lotions. (plunketts.net)
  • host biology, grooming, and roosting habits can affect intensity of parasite infestation. (usf.edu)
  • Temperature, oxygen concentration, pH-value, P. rubescens cell density and microcystin concentration were recorded and the fish were observed for behavioural changes and examined for parasite infestations. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The high risk of disease transmission and parasite infestations among species has increased the level of uncertainty which the farm managers have to contend to develop the industry (Pozio and Rosa, 2005). (com.ng)
  • To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what was the number of cases of ectoparasitic infection in sheep for (a) the two years before compulsory dipping was abolished and (b) the two years since compulsory dipping was abolished. (parliament.uk)
  • The diseases most likely to cause pruritus in dogs include environmental- or food-triggered (cutaneous adverse food reaction, CAFR) atopic dermatitis (AD), bacterial pyoderma, dermatophytosis, ectoparasitic infection, and Malassezia dermatitis. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
  • Ectoparasitic Infection is a communicable/contagious infection, that can easily be transmitted through sexual and common skin contact. (ciphi.org)
  • There are only two types of ectoparasitic infection that can be included in STIs. (ciphi.org)
  • Pubic hair removal has been associated with atypical patterns of pubic lice infestation and decreasing incidence of infection ( 537 , 1399 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The pathophysiology of the human infection differs depending on the type of fly and its mode of infestation. (medscape.com)
  • Scabies causes substantial morbidity because of unbearable itch, secondary infection, post-infective complications such as glomerulonephritis [2-4], and the high risk of spreading the infestation to close contacts. (who.int)
  • Male soldiers reporting sick to the above- ity because of unbearable itch, secondary mentioned hospitals with symptoms and infection, post-infective complications such signs clinically suggestive of scabies were as glomerulonephritis [ 2-4 ], and the high interviewed in detail and examined thor- risk of spreading the infestation to close oughly. (who.int)
  • Scabies also sometimes known as the seven-year itch ) is a contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei . (ciphi.org)
  • Scabies is a skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei , which causes pruritus. (cdc.gov)
  • It is caused by the ectoparasitic burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei (family: Sarcoptidae), which has a worldwide distribution. (theveterinarynurse.com)
  • Pediculosis pubis (also known as "crabs" and "pubic lice") is an infestation by the pubic louse, Pthirus pubis , a wingless insect which feeds on blood and lays its eggs (nits) on mainly pubic hair. (ciphi.org)
  • Two ruminant acute phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), were evaluated as serum biomarkers (BMs) for sheep scab-a highly contagious ectoparasitic disease caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis, which is a major welfare and production threat worldwide. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A specific dose is applied to your dog's skin and is quickly absorbed where it is stored in hair follicles and steadily released to protect your pet from flea and tick infestations. (fluentwoof.com)
  • If you're using the product to treat an active infestation with fleas, then it's best to launder and vacuum your dog's bedding, carpeting and upholstery to kill flea eggs. (fluentwoof.com)
  • The first approved isoxazolines (afoxolaner, fluralaner and sarolaner) are available as oral formulations for the treatment of flea and tick infestations in dogs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once in a while, flea comb should be used to check flea infestation. (dogsandpupsmagazine.com)
  • Tungiasis is an ectoparasitic disease caused by skin penetration by the female Tunga penetrans or, less commonly, Tunga trimamillata flea. (qxmd.com)
  • Tick Chewable Tablets Suitable for dogs For the treatment and prevention of tick and flea infestations on dogs for 3 months. (marshallspetzone.com)
  • An ectoparasitic infestation is a parasitic disease caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • In developing countries such as Ethiopia, leech infestation is a neglected parasitic disease of livestock. (researchsquare.com)
  • Assessment of ectoparasitic infestation in chickens raised under intensive care system was un- dertaken to determine their prevalence in three poultry farms in the Sunyani West District of Ghana from December, 2011 to April, 2012. (myspecies.info)
  • The study revealed high prevalence of ectopara- sitic infestation in chickens of all age groups in all the poultry farms. (myspecies.info)
  • The objective of the current study was to assess farmers' knowledge of leech infestation and control practices, and to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of leech infestation in domestic animals in northwestern Ethiopia. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess farmers' knowledge of leech infestation and control practices, estimate the prevalence of leech infestation in livestock and identify the associated risk factors for leech infestation in North Gondar zone of northwestern Ethiopia. (researchsquare.com)
  • These studies illustrated the potential of SAA and Hp to indicate current sheep scab infestation status and to augment the existing Pso o 2 serological assay to give disease-specific indications of both infestation and successful treatment. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Susceptibility to ectoparasitic infestation and increased mortality in exposed fish suggested P. rubescens associated effects on fish fitness. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • This statement is indeed correct, however, the author failed to diagnose the bird mite species in his infestation, stating that the mite was 'most probably from the genus Ornithonyssus . (health.gov.au)
  • There was a wide seasonal variation in the infestation rate of monkeys, with a peak in November when ticks (predominantly larvae) were found on almost all monkeys, and a period during the monsoon from June to September when ticks were rare or absent on monkeys. (ajtmh.org)
  • In a series of monkeys collected in approximately equal numbers in each month of the year, mixed infestations of Haemaphysalis spinigera larvae and nymphs were found on individual hosts during November, December and January. (ajtmh.org)
  • In the present study, we recorded the number of ectoparasitic erythraeid mite larvae of the genus Leptus sp. (unifesp.br)
  • However, lower lice infestation in growers aged 24 to 40 weeks from Farms 1 (72%), 2 (62.7%) and 3 (73.3%), and no mite infesta- tion were observed. (myspecies.info)
  • Sea lice are small ectoparasitic copepods that attach onto the scales of fish, feeding on tissue, mucus, and sometimes blood. (sustainablefoodtrust.org)
  • In naturally occurring systems, lice infestation usually occurs in adults whilst they are at sea. (sustainablefoodtrust.org)
  • Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the body, head, or pubic region that occurs worldwide. (qxmd.com)
  • Both of these products are licensed for the treatment and prevention of ectoparasitic infestations. (fluentwoof.com)
  • Seasonal infestation of Galleria mellonella and population of Vespa orientalis in Apis mellifera apiaries in Punjab. (indianentomology.org)
  • Leech infestation is a neglected ectoparasitic disease that affects livestock and causes significant economic losses to farmers due to loss of productivity, mortality and treatment costs (Ofukwu et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Even though episodes of mass mortality of seabirds are periodically recorded, few of those episodes have been exclusively linked to parasitic infestations. (mun.ca)
  • The results revealed that V. destructor infestation was at minimum (4%) in the first fortnight of July 2019 and maximum (14%) in the first fortnight of September 2019 with the visual examination method. (indianentomology.org)
  • Ectoparasitic organisms often play a role in transmitting endoparasites and may affect the reproductive success of their hosts. (mun.ca)
  • Ectoparasitic diseases account for 70 per cent of the problems, while bacterial and fungal diseases account for 27.5 per cent and 2.5 per cent problems, respectively (Rao et al. (com.ng)
  • European adult workers were twice as susceptible to infestation as Africanized bees, whereas hybrid workers were not different from Africanized bees. (apidologie.org)
  • Study 1 evaluated the efficacy of lotilaner tablets for cats against adult C. felis in experimentally infested cats, 24 h after treatment and after new weekly infestations, until day 35. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lotilaner administered orally to cats at the minimum recommended dose rate of 6 mg/kg was effective as early as 8 hours post-administration and at 8 hours after subsequent weekly infestations of adult C. felis for at least one month. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other ectoparasitic infections of sheep have never been notifiable in England and consequently information on the number of cases of these diseases is not available. (parliament.uk)
  • Ectoparasitic arthropods can decrease the fitness or survival of their hosts by increasing host energy expenditure. (usf.edu)
  • In both studies, the infestation in the control groups was adequate at all assessment times. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the rise in international travel and immigration, the likelihood of physicians encountering such tropical skin infestations is rising. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Co-infestations with chicken mite, Dermanyssusgallinae, in 43.8% and 36.5% of matured chickens from Farms 2 and 3 respectively were observed. (myspecies.info)
  • Just as infestation rates proliferate in individual farms because of the high stocking density of the salmon, infestation rates between farms and wild salmon also increase as the density of farms increases , and when farms are located near fish holding facilities . (sustainablefoodtrust.org)
  • Regular examination of the highly infested body areas may help poultry farmers detect and control ectoparasitic infesta- tion or re-infestation early to maintain good health and increase the productive potential of chickens in the Sunyani West District. (myspecies.info)
  • Study 2 evaluated the speed of kill of lotilaner against C. felis , in cats, 8 and 12 h after treatment and after each subsequent weekly infestation, through day 35. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential to minimise the spread of infestation. (theveterinarynurse.com)
  • According to the results of the questionnaire survey, 98.67% of the respondents were aware of leech infestation, the effects of leeches and the locally available control methods. (researchsquare.com)
  • By addressing the root problem and current infestation all at once, Plunkett's provides reliable and complete mite control. (plunketts.net)
  • Worldwide, the most common flies that cause the human infestation are Dermatobia hominis (human botfly) and Cordylobia anthropophaga (tumbu fly). (medscape.com)
  • This is a common symptom of ectoparasitic infections, as the parasites bite and feed on the host's blood, causing an itchy reaction. (ciphi.org)
  • Another bird mite, O. sylviarum (the 'northern fowl mite'), also occurs in parts of Australia in association with commensal birds (e.g. starlings, mynahs, pigeons) and, although not particularly different from O. bursa in its impact on humans, it likewise must be distinguished from the rodent-associated O. bacoti for appropriate management of the infestation. (health.gov.au)
  • It is endemic in certain resource poor areas around the world and imported infestations in travellers can lead to considerable morbidity. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • There are many types of Ectoparasitic infections, but here we are going to discuss only those which affect the genital area and can be transmitted through sexual activities. (ciphi.org)
  • Although such studies are important, little attention has been paid to the occurrence, impact and risk factors of leech infestation in livestock in Ethiopia. (researchsquare.com)
  • We identified risk factors for the infestation using logisitic regression analysis. (who.int)
  • 2012 ). There are few organised and recorded data on the status of leech infestation in Ethiopia. (researchsquare.com)
  • Taking into account pre-infestation serum levels, rapidity of response to infestation and test sensitivity at the estimated optimum cut-off values, SAA was the more discriminatory marker. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The levels of both APPs increased in serum following experimental infestation of sheep with P. ovis, becoming statistically significantly elevated from pre-infestation levels at 4 weeks post-infestation. (gla.ac.uk)