Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Filarioidea
Brugia malayi
Brugia
Assessment of disease and infection of lymphatic filariasis in Northeastern Cambodia. (1/31)
We assessed the filariasis disease burden in four northeastern provinces of Cambodia by using and validating a key-informant questionnaire, consisting of four questions, with pictures of patients with leg elephantiasis and hydrocoele. The questionnaire was distributed and collected through the school, health and administrative systems. Validation surveys included clinical examination, a card test for W. bancrofti (ICT Filariasis card test, AMRAD) and night blood finger prick examination of patients reported with clinical elephantiasis. Only 48.0% of questionnaires were returned. A total of 220 patients were reported, mostly from Stung Treng (36.8%) and Rattanakiri provinces (35.0%). Key-informants reported patients with lymphatic filariasis with a sensitivity of 85.7% for leg and 97.0% for scrotum morbidity, and with a specificity of 95.6%. However, substantial over-reporting resulted in very low positive predictive values for elephantiasis of 19.4% for legs and of 23.7% for the scrotum. As 97.4% of patients with clinical lymphatic filariasis were older than 40 years, the diagnostic performance of the questionnaire would be improved by restricting its use to that age group. About 0.7% of 3490 W. bancrofti card tests were positive; the prevalence was 1.94% (12/618) in Rattanakiri, 0.38% (4/1055) in Stung Treng and 0.22% (2/919) in Preah Vihear. W. bancrofti microfilaria were identified in blood from two patients in Rattanakiri (0.32%) and from one patient in Stung Treng (0.09%). Brugia malayi microfilaria were identified in blood from five patients in Rattanakiri (0.81%) only. No patients with microfilariaemia were identified in Preah Vehear. In Mondulkiri province all investigations (card test, night blood examination, clinical examination) for lymphatic filariasis were negative. Our findings confirm the usefulness of key-informant questionnaire for the identification of filariasis patients provided that high adherence can be achieved. Lymphatic filariasis infection and disease is present in northern Cambodian provinces but the burdens of disease and infection are relatively low. These results are being used in the implementation of the national control programme for lymphatic filariasis. (+info)Economic costs of endemic non-filarial elephantiasis in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. (2/31)
BACKGROUND: Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis or podoconiosis is a chronic and debilitating geochemical disease occurring in individuals exposed to red clay soil derived from alkalic volcanic rock. It is a major public health problem in countries in tropical Africa, Central America and North India. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct and the average productivity cost attributable to podoconiosis, and to compare the average productivity time of podoconiosis patients with non-patients. METHODS: Matched comparative cross sectional survey involving 702 study subjects (patients and non-patients) supplemented by interviews with key informants in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. RESULTS: Total direct costs of podoconiosis amounted to the equivalent of US$ 143 per patient per year. The total productivity loss for a patient amounted to 45% of the total working days per year, causing a monetary loss equivalent to US$ 63. In Wolaita zone, the overall cost of podoconiosis exceeds US$ 16 million per year. CONCLUSIONS: Podoconiosis has enormous economic impact in affected areas. Simple preventive measures (such as use of robust footwear) must be promoted by health policy makers. (+info)National mass drug administration costs for lymphatic filariasis elimination. (3/31)
BACKGROUND: Because lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination efforts are hampered by a dearth of economic information about the cost of mass drug administration (MDA) programs (using either albendazole with diethylcarbamazine [DEC] or albendazole with ivermectin), a multicenter study was undertaken to determine the costs of MDA programs to interrupt transmission of infection with LF. Such results are particularly important because LF programs have the necessary diagnostic and treatment tools to eliminate the disease as a public health problem globally, and already by 2006, the Global Programme to Eliminate LF had initiated treatment programs covering over 400 million of the 1.3 billion people at risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To obtain annual costs to carry out the MDA strategy, researchers from seven countries developed and followed a common cost analysis protocol designed to estimate 1) the total annual cost of the LF program, 2) the average cost per person treated, and 3) the relative contributions of the endemic countries and the external partners. Costs per person treated ranged from $0.06 to $2.23. Principal reasons for the variation were 1) the age (newness) of the MDA program, 2) the use of volunteers, and 3) the size of the population treated. Substantial contributions by governments were documented - generally 60%-90% of program operation costs, excluding costs of donated medications. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: MDA for LF elimination is comparatively inexpensive in relation to most other public health programs. Governments and communities make the predominant financial contributions to actual MDA implementation, not counting the cost of the drugs themselves. The results highlight the impact of the use of volunteers on program costs and provide specific cost data for 7 different countries that can be used as a basis both for modifying current programs and for developing new ones. (+info)Development and testing of a de novo clinical staging system for podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis). (4/31)
(+info)Compression therapy and liposuction of lower legs for bilateral hereditary primary lymphedema praecox. (5/31)
(+info)Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa on the legs and abdomen with morbid obesity in an Indian lady. (6/31)
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) of the legs and abdomen in a morbidly obese woman with multiple medical problems is reported. The diagnosis was suggested by the classical clinical features and confirmed by histopathology. The patient succumbed due to her multisystem diseases. Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa involving the abdomen is uncommon and has been reported only five times in the past. (+info)Impact of social stigma on the process of obtaining informed consent for genetic research on podoconiosis: a qualitative study. (7/31)
(+info)Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa (ENV): a complication of congestive heart failure and obesity. (8/31)
(+info)Elephantiasis is a rare, tropical disease that is characterized by the extreme enlargement and hardening of body parts, usually the legs or genitals, due to the obstruction of lymphatic vessels. This results in the accumulation of fluid in the affected areas, leading to severe swelling and disfigurement.
The two most common forms of elephantiasis are filarial elephantiasis, which is caused by infection with parasitic worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia timori, and non-filarial elephantiasis, which can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, injuries, or genetic conditions.
Filarial elephantiasis is typically transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is preventable through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and mass drug administration programs. Non-filarial elephantiasis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, seeking prompt medical treatment for infections or injuries, and receiving appropriate medical care for underlying conditions.
While there is no cure for elephantiasis, various treatments can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include surgery to remove affected tissue, physical therapy to manage swelling and prevent further damage to the lymphatic system, and medications to treat any underlying infections or complications.
Elephantiasis, filarial is a medical condition characterized by the severe swelling of limbs or other parts of the body due to the blockage of lymphatic vessels by parasitic worms. It is caused by infection with threadlike nematode filarial worms, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori. These worms are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.
The blockage of lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected area, causing progressive swelling, thickening, and hardening of the skin and underlying tissues. In advanced cases, the skin may become rough, nodular, and fissured, resembling the hide of an elephant, hence the name "elephantiasis."
The condition is usually chronic and can cause significant disability and social stigma. While there is no cure for filarial elephantiasis, various treatments are available to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and halt the progression of the disease. These include antibiotics to kill the worms, surgery to remove the lymphatic obstruction, and various supportive measures to manage the swelling and prevent secondary infections.
Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. The infection is spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes and can lead to various symptoms depending on the type of filarial worm, including lymphatic dysfunction (elephantiasis), eye damage (onchocerciasis or river blindness), and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. The disease is prevalent in tropical areas with poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water. Preventive measures include wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Treatment typically involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin.
Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The worms infect the lymphatic system and can lead to chronic swelling of body parts such as the limbs, breasts, and genitals, as well as other symptoms including fever, chills, and skin rashes. Wuchereria bancrofti is a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by swelling in one or more parts of the body, usually an arm or leg, due to the accumulation of lymph fluid. This occurs when the lymphatic system is unable to properly drain the fluid, often as a result of damage or removal of lymph nodes, or because of a genetic abnormality that affects lymphatic vessel development.
The swelling can range from mild to severe and may cause discomfort, tightness, or a feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. In some cases, lymphedema can also lead to skin changes, recurrent infections, and reduced mobility. The condition is currently not curable but can be managed effectively with various treatments such as compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skincare routines.
Wuchereria is a genus of parasitic nematode worms that are known to cause lymphatic filariasis, a tropical disease also known as elephantiasis. The two species that are most commonly associated with this disease are Wuchereria bancrofti and Wuchereria malayi.
Wuchereria worms are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Once inside the human body, the parasites migrate to the lymphatic system, where they can cause inflammation, blockages, and damage to the lymph vessels and nodes. Over time, this can lead to a range of symptoms, including swelling of the limbs, genitals, and breasts, as well as skin thickening and discoloration.
Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, affecting an estimated 120 million people. The disease can be prevented through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and mass drug administration programs that target the mosquito vectors and the parasitic worms, respectively.
Filarioidea is a superfamily of parasitic nematode (roundworm) worms, many of which are important pathogens in humans and animals. They are transmitted to their hosts through the bite of insect vectors, such as mosquitoes or flies. The filarioid worms can cause a range of diseases known as filariases. Some examples include Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Onchocerca volvulus, which cause lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and river blindness, respectively. The adult worms live in the lymphatic system or subcutaneous tissues of their hosts, where they produce microfilariae, the infective stage for the insect vector.
The medical definition of Filarioidea is: A superfamily of parasitic nematode worms that includes several important human pathogens and causes various filariases. The adult worms live in the lymphatic system or subcutaneous tissues, while the microfilariae are taken up by insect vectors during a blood meal and develop into infective larvae inside the vector. These larvae are then transmitted to a new host through the bite of the infected vector.
'Brugia malayi' is a species of parasitic nematode (roundworm) that can infect humans and cause the tropical disease known as lymphatic filariasis. The adult worms typically reside in the lymphatic vessels, where they can cause inflammation, obstruction, and damage to the lymphatic system.
The life cycle of 'Brugia malayi' involves several stages, including microfilariae (immature worms) that are transmitted to a human host through the bite of an infected mosquito vector. Once inside the human body, the microfilariae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and mature into adult worms over a period of several months.
The symptoms of lymphatic filariasis can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the infection and the individual's immune response. In some cases, the disease can lead to chronic swelling and deformity of the affected limbs or genitalia, a condition known as elephantiasis.
Preventive measures for lymphatic filariasis include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, and bed nets, as well as mass drug administration programs to eliminate the parasite from affected communities.
'Brugia' is a genus of parasitic nematode worms that are known to cause lymphatic filariasis, a tropical disease affecting the lymphatic system. There are three main species of Brugia that infect humans: Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Brugia garinii. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
Brugia malayi is found primarily in Southeast Asia, while Brugia timori is restricted to the island of Timor in Indonesia. Brugia garinii, on the other hand, is more widely distributed and can be found in parts of Africa and Asia.
The infection caused by these parasites can lead to a range of symptoms, including fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, and elephantiasis, a condition characterized by severe swelling of the limbs or genitals. Preventive measures such as avoiding mosquito bites and mass drug administration programs are in place to control the spread of lymphatic filariasis caused by Brugia species.
I must clarify that "Ethiopia" is not a medical term or condition. Ethiopia is a country located in the Horn of Africa, known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religious practices.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please feel free to ask! I'm here to help.
Lymphoedema6
- When lymphatic filariasis develops into chronic conditions it leads to lymphoedema (tissue swelling) or elephantiasis (skin/tissue thickening) of limbs and hydrocele (scrotal swelling). (co.ke)
- The painful and profoundly disfiguring visible manifestations of the disease, lymphoedema, elephantiasis and scrotal swelling occur later in life and can lead to permanent disability. (askdrmakkar.com)
- Acute episodes of local inflammation involving skin, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels often accompany chronic lymphoedema or elephantiasis. (askdrmakkar.com)
- 2. The main complications of lymphatic fi lariasis are elephantiasis, lymphoedema and hydrocele. (who.int)
- The main manifestations of LF are elephantiasis, lymphoedema and hydrocele (see photos, Annex 2). (who.int)
- Patients with chronic disabilities like elephantiasis, lymphoedema or hydrocele are advised to maintain rigorous hygiene and take necessary precautions to prevent secondary infection and aggravation of the disease condition. (who.int)
River blindness and elephantiasis1
- In 1978 he succeeded in culturing a strain from which William Campbell purified a substance, avermectin, which in a chemically modified form, ivermectin, proved effective against river blindness and elephantiasis. (nobelprize.org)
Podoconiosis5
- According to WHO, Podoconiosis is a form of elephantiasis arising in barefoot subsistence farmers who are in long-term contact with irritant red clay soil of volcanic origins. (rwandanews24.rw)
- Uwingabire Providence is suffering from elephantiasis/ podoconiosis for 22 years. (rwandanews24.rw)
- This method of contracting the disease is known as podoconiosis, or non-filarial elephantiasis…" (Senthilingam, 4/10). (kff.org)
- Introduction: Podoconiosis, a form of non-infectious elephantiasis, is a disabling Neglected Tropical Disease. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: the reported elephantiasis was podoconiosis, which was associated with prolonged foot exposure to volcanic soil. (bvsalud.org)
Nostras verrucosa represents2
- Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa represents longstanding obstruction of the lymphatic drainage [ 7 ], leading eventually to grotesque enlargement of the chronically dependent and immobile part(s) of the body. (cdlib.org)
- Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa represents a group of cutaneous changes comprising dermal fibrosis and hyperkeratotic, verrucous, and papillomatous lesions after chronic secondary nonfilarial lymphedema caused by blockage of the lymphatic system. (patientcareonline.com)
Lymphedema7
- Lymphedema and elephantiasis are not indications for DEC treatment because most people with lymphedema are not actively infected with the filarial parasite and lab tests are generally negative in these patients. (cdc.gov)
- Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV), is an unusual progressive cutaneous hypertrophy due to chronic lymphedema, and repeated inflammatory episodes. (cdlib.org)
- 3-5 This report illustrates a case of AIDS-related KS with widespread organ involvement that led to chronic lymphedema secondary to tumor lymphatic obstruction and resulted in a dramatic representation of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. (patientcareonline.com)
- Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa occurs secondary to persistent lymphedema. (patientcareonline.com)
- Otophyma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature of Lymphedema (Elephantiasis) of the Ear. (irosacea.org)
- Literature review examining for cases of lymphedema (elephantiasis) of the ear revealed that chronic inflammatory disorders (rosacea (most frequent), psoriasis, eczema), bacterial cellulitis (erysipelas), pediculosis, trauma, and primary (congenital) lymphedema can all lead to localized, lymphedematous enlargement of the ear. (irosacea.org)
- We filarial lymphedema to its most severe form, elephantiasis, investigated the effect of basic lymphedema management have been debated, recurrent episodes of bacterial acute (hygiene, skin care, and lower limb movement and eleva- dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) play a major role tion) on the histologic features of lymphedema. (cdc.gov)
Chronic3
- Some conditions that present with elephantiasis include: Elephantiasis nostras, due to longstanding chronic lymphangitis[citation needed] Elephantiasis tropica (known as lymphatic filariasis), caused by a number of parasitic worms, particularly Wuchereria bancrofti. (wikipedia.org)
- Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is the end-stage manifestation of chronic, non-filarial, lymphatic insufficiency. (scienceopen.com)
- Lymphatic filariasis, or elephantiasis, is also caused by a worm and produces chronic swelling. (nobelprize.org)
Symptoms2
- The term elephantiasis is often used in reference to (symptoms caused by) parasitic worm infections, but may refer to a variety of diseases that swell parts of the subject's body to exceptionally massive proportions. (wikipedia.org)
- Actually, Lymphatic Filariasis is called Elephantiasis, as it produces the above-stated symptoms. (askdrshah.com)
Commonly known5
- Clear evidence that Lymphatic Filariasis (LF, commonly known as elephantiasis) can be eliminated is reported in The Lancet . (news-medical.net)
- GALKOT, Jan 26: Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as Elephantiasis, has emerged as a health challenge again in Baglung. (nagariknetwork.com)
- Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. (askdrmakkar.com)
- Nearly 1.4 billion people in 73 countries worldwide are threatened by lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis. (who.int)
- Lymphatic filariasis (LF), commonly known as elephantiasis, is a painful and profoundly disfiguring disease. (who.int)
Infection6
- In tropical and subtropical areas where elephantiasis is common, the infection is continuing to increase due to the rapid and unplanned growth of cities, which creates numerous breeding sites for the mosquitoes that transmit the disease. (hpathy.com)
- Without effective treatment, the infection can lead to massive swelling and deformity of the legs, known as elephantiasis. (wustl.edu)
- Elephantiasis is caused by filarial parasites and it happens over a long period of time due to the recurrence of infection. (askdrshah.com)
- The treatment of Elephantiasis is essentially targeted at treating the active infection of Filaria. (askdrshah.com)
- Elephantiasis is a parasitic infection which results in swelling of the legs and arms. (healthaio.com)
- Elephantiasis] is typically caused by infection with parasitic worms, transmitted through certain mosquito species. (kff.org)
Diseases2
- It may require differentiation from lipedema, complex angiodysplasia, and other potential causes of elephantiasis such as Recklinghausen's diseases and lepra tuberose. (hpathy.com)
- Onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that cause severe disability and affect more than 106 million people, according to the latest reports from WHO. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphatic vessels1
- I view of its name, elephantiasis denotes the massive swelling or enlargement of the lymphatic vessels. (naturalcurefor.com)
India2
- More than 120 million people have been affected by elephantiasis: one third in India, another third in Africa, and most of the rest in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas. (hpathy.com)
- A woman in India suffers severe swelling in her legs due to elephantiasis, a tropical disease. (wustl.edu)
Parasitic1
- The most common causes of elephantiasis are filariasis, a type of parasitic disease. (naturalcurefor.com)
Limbs2
- Elephantiasis, often incorrectly called elephantitis, is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling. (wikipedia.org)
- Elephantiasis is a medical condition characterized by some gross enlargement of a certain area of the body, mostly affecting the limbs as well as the external genitalia. (naturalcurefor.com)
Obstruction1
- Elephantiasis is primarily caused by an obstruction of the patient's lymphatic system, which often results in the buildup of fluid known as lymph in the particular affected areas. (naturalcurefor.com)
Patient's2
- Elephantiasis is a disease in which the patient's leg may swell up like that of an elephant. (askdrshah.com)
- The findings of a dermatological evaluation of the patient's lower extremities were consistent with elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. (patientcareonline.com)
Mosquito1
- Elephantiasis is produced due to the disease Filariasis which is caused by parasites, which spread through mosquito bites to humans. (askdrshah.com)
Sickness1
- In our village we know that elephantiasis is poison, because isn't common sickness. (rwandanews24.rw)
Disease4
- Just before the start of the 12th phase of the Elephantiasis prevention campaign, the disease was found in Narayanthan of Balewa and Kushisera of Jaimini village in the district. (nagariknetwork.com)
- Even though the campaign to eradicate the elephantiasis from Nepal is in the final phase, this disease is still traced in seven districts of Nepal including Baglung, said Saroj Adhikari, Supervisor at the Infectious Disease Research and Training Centre, Hetauda. (nagariknetwork.com)
- Her testimony focuses on how the parents are not informed about elephantiasis disease and they need awareness about it. (rwandanews24.rw)
- They need awareness in order to help community understanding that elephantiasis is disease not poison as they fixed. (rwandanews24.rw)
Scrotum1
- Elephantiasis can look ugly and disfiguring due to large swollen body parts, including a large scrotum. (askdrshah.com)
Swollen1
- Once Elephantiasis takes place, that is, in the cases with large swelling of limps, legs, hands, genitals, etc. homeopathic medicines do not or cannot cure the swollen body parts. (askdrshah.com)
Treatment1
- She added that if her parents were informed about elephantiasis, they could help her for treatment on time. (rwandanews24.rw)
Grade1
- Lymphostatic elephantiasis (grade III lymph edema) is usually easily diagnosed from the enormous swelling of the affected extremity. (hpathy.com)
Skin2
- Use of negative-pressure dressings and split-thickness skin grafts following penile shaft reduction and reduction scrotoplasty in the management of penoscrotal elephantiasis. (scienceopen.com)
- It also increases the risk of frequent bacterial infections that harden and thicken the skin (elephantiasis). (askdrmakkar.com)
People1
- Tests for Elephantiasis bacteria were carried out among 300 people in Narayansthan and 300 others in Kushmisera. (nagariknetwork.com)
Legs1
- Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) of the legs and abdomen in a morbidly obese woman with multiple medical problems is reported. (cdlib.org)
Cases1
- In August 2015, a non-government organization reported an increase in elephantiasis cases in Kamwenge District. (bvsalud.org)
Arms1
- Totally curvy with elephantiasis of the arms. (blogspot.com)
Drug1
- Anti-elephantiasis drug is administered regularly for five years, and if the bacteria is not traced after five years, the campaign is deemed successful along with administration of the sixth and final dose,' he said. (nagariknetwork.com)
Years1
- Kenya has sustained renewed efforts towards ensuring that elephantiasis is eliminated in the next two years. (co.ke)
Shoes1
- She added that, if the reason is not wearing shoes they need many things like information about elephantiasis and support for shopping shoes to our kids. (rwandanews24.rw)
Case1
- We present the case of a 62-year-old woman presenting with a four-year history of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa progressing to impairment of ambulation. (scienceopen.com)
Doctors2
- She said how the elephantiasis affected her in her childhood and how their parents went to the traditional doctors, because they didn't know what happened to their child. (rwandanews24.rw)
- After three months the doctors told us that I am suffering from elephantiasis. (rwandanews24.rw)
