Elettaria
Aromatherapy
Oils, Volatile
Massage
Hypnosis
Performance of an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the Sikkim Himalaya: productivity, energetics and efficiencies. (1/9)
Biomass, net primary productivity, energetics and energy efficiencies were estimated in an age series of Alnus-cardamom plantations in the eastern Himalaya. The impact of stand age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years) on the performance of mixtures of N2-fixing (Alnus nepalensis) and non-N2-fixing (large cardamom) plants was studied. Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) is the most important perennial cash crop in the region and is cultivated predominantly under Alnus trees. Net primary productivity was lowest (7 t ha(-1) per year) in the 40-year-old stand and was more than three times higher (22 t ha(-1) per year) in the 15-year-old stand. Agronomic yield of large cardamom peaked between 15 and 20 years of age. Cardamom productivity doubled from the 5- to the 15-year-old stand, and then decreased with plantation age to reach a minimum in the 40-year-old stand. Performance of cardamom in association of N2-fixing Alnus remained beneficial until 20 years of age. Annual net energy fixation was highest (444 x 10(6) kJ ha(-1) per year) in the 15-year-old stand, being 1.4 times that of the 5-year-old stand and 2.9-times that of the 40-year-old stand. Inverse relationships of production efficiency, energy conversion efficiency and energy utilized in N2-fixation against stand age, and a positive relationship between production efficiency and energy conversion efficiency suggest that the younger plantations are more productive. The Alnus-cardamom plantation system will be sustainable by adopting a rotational cycle of 15 to 20 years. (+info)Performance of an age series of Alnus-cardamom plantations in the Sikkim Himalaya: nutrient dynamics. (2/9)
Nutrient cycling, nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen fixation in an age series of Alnus-cardamom plantations were studied in the eastern Himalaya. The impact of stand age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years) on the nutrient dynamics of mixtures of N2-fixing (Alnus nepalensis) and non-N2-fixing (large cardamom) plants was assessed. Foliar nutrient concentrations of Alnus decreased with advancing age groups of plantations and showed an inverse relationship with stand age. Annual N fixation increased from the 5-year-old stand (52 kg ha(-1)), peaking in the 15-year-old stand (155 kg ha(-1)) and then decreased with increasing plantation age. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake was lowest in the 40-year-old stand, and highest in the 15- and 5-year-old stand, respectively. Nutrient storage in understorey cardamom was very high: up to 31 % N and 59 % P of the stand total in the 15-year-old stand. Nutrient use efficiency was higher (with faster turnover times) in younger stands and decreased (with slower turnover times) in older plantations. Nitrogen retranslocation showed a strong positive relationship with stand age, while that of P was inversely related to stand age. Nutrient standing stock, uptake and return were also highest in the 15-year-old stand. Nitrogen and P cycling in Alnus-cardamom plantations was functionally balanced. Nutrient cycling and dynamics indicated that Alnus-cardamom plantations performed sustainably up to 15-20 years. The management practice should be altered to incorporate replantation after this age. (+info)High genetic diversity in the coat protein and 3 untranslated regions among geographical isolates of Cardamom mosaic virus from south India. (3/9)
A survey was conducted to study the biological and genetic diversity of Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) that causes the most widespread disease in the cardamom growing area in the Western Ghats of south India. Six distinct subgroups were derived based on their symptomatology and host range from the sixty isolates collected. The serological variability between the virus isolates was analysed by ELISA and Western blotting. The 3 terminal region consisting of the coat protein (CP) coding sequence and 3 untranslated region (3 UTR) was cloned and sequenced from seven isolates. Sequence comparisons revealed considerable genetic diversity among the isolates in their CP and 3 UTR, making CdMV one of the highly variable members of Potyviridae. The possible occurrence of recombination between the isolates and the movement of the virus in the cardamom tract of south India are discussed. (+info)Dietary cardamom inhibits the formation of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in mice and reduces COX-2 and iNOS expression in the colon. (4/9)
Recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive compounds capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-step carcinogenesis. The primary aim of the present study was to identify the effects of a commonly consumed spice, viz., cardamom against azoxymethane (AOM) induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Swiss Albino mice. The secondary aim, was to explore the ability of cardamom to modulate the status of proliferation and apoptosis, and to understand its role in altering cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Male Swiss albino mice were injected with AOM (dose: 5mg/Kg body weight) or saline (Group 1) weekly once for two weeks. The AOM-injected mice were randomly assigned to two groups (Groups 2 and 3). While all the groups were on standard lab chow, Group 3 received oral doses of 0.5% cardamom, in aqueous suspension, daily for 8 weeks. Following treatment, significant reduction in the incidences of aberrant crypt foci (p<0.05) was observed. This reduction in ACF was accompanied by suppression of cell proliferation (mean Brdu LI in carcinogen control =13.91+/-3.31, and 0.5% cardamom =2.723+/-0.830) and induction of apoptosis (mean AI in carcinogen control=1.547+/-0.42 and 0.5% cardamom = 6.61+/-0.55). Moreover, reduction of both COX-2 and iNOS expression was also observed. These results suggest that aqueous suspensions of cardamom have protective effects on experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis. Cardamom as a whole and its active components require further attention if the use of this spice is to be recommended for cancer prevention. (+info)Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of GST activity by cardamom and cinnamon during chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. (5/9)
Globally, colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer in men since 1975.The present study focuses on the preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidences and mortality of large bowel cancer. Chemoprevention of colon cancer appears to be a very realistic possibility because various intermediate stages have been identified preceding the development of malignant colonic tumors. Several studies have demonstrated that generous consumption of vegetables reduces the risk of colon cancer. This idea has prompted the present investigation to search for some novel plant products, which may have possible anticarcinogenic activity. It has already been proved from various experiments that chemopreventive agents, by virtue of their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, apoptosis-inducing activity, act at various levels including molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels to interfere with carcinogens. Previous studies from our laboratory have already reported the inhibitory effect of cinnamon and cardamom on azoxymethane induced colon carcinogenesis by virtue of their anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity. This particular experiment was carried out to assess the anti-oxidative potential of these spices. Aqueous suspensions of cinnamon and cardamom have been shown to enhance the level of detoxifying enzyme (GST activity) with simultaneous decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in the treatment groups when compared to that of the carcinogen control group. (+info)Domestication of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) in Western Ghats, India: divergence in productive traits and a shift in major pollinators. (6/9)
(+info)Activity of essential oils against Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/9)
Alternative methods for controlling bacterial endospore contamination are desired in a range of industries and applications. Attention has recently turned to natural products, such as essential oils, which have sporicidal activity. In this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were exposed to thirteen essential oils, and surviving spores were enumerated. Cardamom, tea tree, and juniper leaf oils were the most effective, reducing the number of viable spores by 3 logs at concentrations above 1%. Sporicidal activity was enhanced at high temperatures (60 degrees C) or longer exposure times (up to one week). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified the components of the active essential oils. However, none of the major oil components exhibited equivalent activity to the whole oils. The fact that oil components, either alone or in combination, did not show the same level of sporicidal activity as the complete oils suggested that minor components may be involved, or that these act synergistically with major components. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine spores after exposure to essential oils and suggested that leakage of spore contents was the likely mode of sporicidal action. Our data have shown that essential oils exert sporicidal activity and may be useful in applications where bacterial spore reduction is desired. (+info)Fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential oil from cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum, against three stored-product insects. (8/9)
(+info)Elettaria is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is commonly known as cardamom and includes two main species, Elettaria cardamomum (green or true cardamom) and Elettaria ensal (black cardamom). These plants are native to India and Southeast Asia and have been used in traditional medicine and cooking for centuries.
Elettaria cardamomum is the more widely cultivated and commercially important of the two species, with its aromatic seeds and seed pods used as a spice and flavoring agent in both sweet and savory dishes around the world. The seeds are also used in traditional medicine to treat digestive issues, bad breath, and other conditions.
Elettaria ensal, on the other hand, is less commonly cultivated but has a stronger flavor and aroma than Elettaria cardamomum. It is often used as a substitute for black pepper in certain cuisines. The plant's roots and rhizomes are also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including coughs, colds, and digestive issues.
It's worth noting that while Elettaria has been used in traditional medicine, there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness for most therapeutic uses. As with any medical treatment or supplement, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before using Elettaria for medicinal purposes.
Aromatherapy is defined as the use of essential oils from plants for therapeutic purposes. The essential oils are typically extracted through steam distillation or cold pressing, and they can be used in a variety of ways, including inhalation, topical application, or oral consumption. Aromatherapy is believed to promote physical and psychological well-being by engaging the smell receptors in the nose, which then send messages to the limbic system in the brain, which is responsible for emotions and memories. Some people use aromatherapy to help manage stress, improve sleep, or alleviate symptoms of various health conditions. However, it's important to note that while some studies suggest that aromatherapy may have certain health benefits, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and safety.
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.
Medical Definition of Massage:
Massage is defined as the manual manipulation of soft body tissues (such as muscle, connective tissue, tendons, and ligaments) to enhance health and well-being. It involves various techniques that include kneading, rubbing, pressing, and stretching the muscles and fascia (the connective tissue that covers the muscles).
The goal of massage is to increase circulation, relieve tension, reduce muscle stiffness and pain, promote relaxation, and improve range of motion and overall flexibility. Massage therapy may be used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including anxiety, headaches, insomnia, joint pain, soft tissue injuries, and sports-related injuries.
It is important to note that massage should be performed by a trained and licensed professional to ensure safety and effectiveness. Additionally, individuals with certain health conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis, fractures, or infectious diseases, should avoid massage or consult their healthcare provider before receiving treatment.
Medical definitions generally do not include plant oils as a specific term. However, in a biological or biochemical context, plant oils, also known as vegetable oils, are defined as lipid extracts derived from various parts of plants such as seeds, fruits, and leaves. They mainly consist of triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids can vary between different plant sources, leading to a range of physical and chemical properties that make plant oils useful for various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Some common examples of plant oils include olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, and jojoba oil.
Hypnosis is a state of highly focused attention or concentration, often associated with relaxation, and heightened suggestibility. In a clinical context, hypnosis is often used as a tool in hypnotherapy, to help individuals explore unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, or to make positive changes to their thoughts, behavior, and physical well-being. It's important to note that hypnosis is not a state of unconsciousness or sleep, but rather a state of altered consciousness characterized by increased suggestibility and focused attention.
It's also worth noting that the definition of hypnosis can vary between different fields and perspectives. Some definitions emphasize the role of suggestion in shaping experience during hypnosis, while others focus on the importance of expectancy and belief. Additionally, there is ongoing debate about the precise mechanisms underlying hypnotic phenomena, with some researchers emphasizing social and psychological factors, while others highlight neurological and physiological changes associated with hypnosis.
Breast neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the breast tissue that can be benign or malignant. Benign breast neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors or growths, while malignant breast neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Breast neoplasms can arise from different types of cells in the breast, including milk ducts, milk sacs (lobules), or connective tissue. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts and can spread to other parts of the breast and nearby structures.
Breast neoplasms are usually detected through screening methods such as mammography, ultrasound, or MRI, or through self-examination or clinical examination. Treatment options for breast neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.
Ginger, in a medical context, refers to the root of the plant Zingiber officinale. It has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years to treat various ailments such as nausea, vomiting, and inflammation. The active components of ginger are called gingerols and shogaols, which have been found to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiemetic properties.
However, it's important to note that while ginger has many potential health benefits, it can also interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for everyone. As with any treatment, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting to use ginger or any other natural remedy.
Elettaria
Elettaria ensal
Elettaria cardamomum
Chinchipena elettaria
Cardamom
Hilarographa caminodes
Cyana effracta
Sulettaria surculosa
Jamides elpis
Sulettaria
Chinchipena
Endoclita hosei
Cardamom mosaic virus
Papilio polymnestor
Myrcene
Aframomum corrorima
Jamides cyta
Iranian cuisine
Flora of Nepal
Ginger
Funambulus obscurus
Eupterote undata
Ectropis bhurmitra
Lynnette Marrero
Hornstedtia scottiana
Zingiberaceae
Conogethes
Royal Botanical Gardens, Peradeniya
List of garden plants in North America
Minerva's Garden (Salerno)
Elettaria - Wikipedia
Elettaria in Flora of Taiwan Checklist @ efloras.org
Elettaria [amomum] cardamomum Dwarf
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CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
ISO 882-2:1993/Cor 1:1996 - Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linnaeus) Maton var. minuscula Burkill) - Specification - Part 2:...
Sulettaria surculosa - Wikipedia
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/aromatherapy-pdq
seed Archives - Gaia Garden Herbal Dispensary
Maton3
- These species are recognized as of October 2018: Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton - India Elettaria ensal (Gaertn. (wikipedia.org)
- Elettaria cardamomum White & Maton, Elettaria major Smith, Elettaria repens Baill. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linnaeus) Maton var. (iso.org)
Genus Elettaria5
- Download Cardamom: The Genus Elettaria (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles Book 30) or Read Cardamom: The Genus Elettaria (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles Book 30) online books in PDF, EPUB and Mobi Format. (ebookgoto.biz)
- Click Download or Read Online Button to get Access Cardamom: The Genus Elettaria (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles Book 30) ebook. (ebookgoto.biz)
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- Discover Genus Elettaria synonyms & similar words to Genus Elettaria to help you solve your crossword puzzle at the free online Thesaurus from Bay Area Crosswords. (bayareacrosswords.org)
- genus Elettaria is a NOUN. (bayareacrosswords.org)
Zingiberaceae1
- Elettaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Seeds1
- Properly authenticated eight plant materials, viz ½ palam-17.5 grams of Cuminum cyminum (cumin seeds), Coriandrum sativum (coriander seeds), Anthum graveolens (dill seeds), Syzygium aromaticum (clove),Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) will be dried under sun shade until the moisture evaporates (2-3 days). (who.int)
20183
- In 2018, several species were removed from Elettaria and placed in a new genus called Sulettaria. (wikipedia.org)
- Sri Lanka These former species from Malaysia and Indonesia were reclassified into Sulettaria in 2018: Elettaria brachycalyx S.Sakai & Nagam. (wikipedia.org)
- It was reclassified from Elettaria into Sulettaria in 2018: B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. (wikipedia.org)
Ginger1
- This perennial, Elettaria cardamomum , is of the same family as ginger. (coquinaria.nl)
Family1
- It is one of the oldest spices in the world belongs to the botanical family of Elettaria Cardamomum. (moolihai.com)
Cardamomum25
- These species are recognized as of October 2018: Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton - India Elettaria ensal (Gaertn. (wikipedia.org)
- Known as the 'queen of spices', the green pods of Elettaria cardamomum have been traded for over one thousand years. (ox.ac.uk)
- These are true or green cardamom from Elettaria cardamomum , and black cardamom from the genus Amomum . (ox.ac.uk)
- Elettaria cardamomum is from Sri Lanka and the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats along the Malabar Coast of southern India. (ox.ac.uk)
- Elettaria cardamomum is an herbaceous perennial forming clumps several metres tall, the sword-shaped leaves are up to 60 cm long and arranged alternately up the erect pseudostems. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cardamom Extract is sourced from the fruits of Elettaria cardamomum . (naturmedscientific.com)
- Botanically named as Elettaria Cardamomum , Cardamom is well identified by its small seed pods with an outer shell enclosing the small black seeds from which its essential oil is extracted by steam distillation. (ayurvedicoils.com)
- Elettaria cardamomum White & Maton, Elettaria major Smith, Elettaria repens Baill. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum ) is a spice and exhibits potent antioxidant and biological activities through distinct molecular mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum ) is a spice found in the form of tiny pods with dark seeds. (biomedcentral.com)
- Elettaria cardamomum is used as condiment and also possess several medicinal properties too. (amsar.com)
- If you want to buy Elettaria Cardamomum In Japan , Botanic Healthcare is a professionally managed company globally recognized for adhering to USFDA, TGA, MEDSAFE and EU guidelines. (botanichealthcare.net)
- Being counted among the top Elettaria Cardamomum Manufacturers in Japan , we have the most sophisticated technology, a team of professionals and an extensive distribution network to meet bulk orders of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, dietary supplements, personal care industries and more. (botanichealthcare.net)
- Throughout the process, we focus on retaining purity, quality characteristics and effectiveness of the Elettaria Cardamomum . (botanichealthcare.net)
- If you are looking for one of the reputed Elettaria Cardamomum Exporters and Suppliers in Japan , we assure a safe supply within a stipulated time frame. (botanichealthcare.net)
- ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM (SMELL-ME-PLANT) - Thick, fleshy rhizomes give rise to erect shoots that bear two rows of linear-lance-shaped leaves each about 2 feet long. (webbsonline.com)
- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) comes from a region of Sri Lanka. (gardenguides.com)
- Cardamom, also known as Elettaria cardamomum, is one of the world's most expensive spices next to saffron and vanilla. (gardenguides.com)
- Elettaria cardamomum, Kardemomme 2,2 mg. (netspiren.dk)
- 15. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton] - A critical review. (nih.gov)
- However, it is only Elettaria cardamomum which is the true cardamom. (go4worldbusiness.com)
- Cardamom - Elettaria cardamomum Charismatic Cardamom's seed pods are like green diamonds. (longevitywarehouse.com)
- Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton is the source of Cardamom used in SPICES . (nih.gov)
- 26. Aneja KR, Joshi R. Antimicrobial activity of Amomum subulatum and Elettaria cardamomum against dental caries causing microorganisms. (bvsalud.org)
- Properly authenticated eight plant materials, viz ½ palam-17.5 grams of Cuminum cyminum (cumin seeds), Coriandrum sativum (coriander seeds), Anthum graveolens (dill seeds), Syzygium aromaticum (clove),Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) will be dried under sun shade until the moisture evaporates (2-3 days). (who.int)
Green cardamom1
- True cardamom, also known as green cardamom, falls within the genus Elettaria and is grown in India and Malaysia. (discovermagazine.com)
Genus3
- Elettaria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2018, several species were removed from Elettaria and placed in a new genus called Sulettaria. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Elettaria consist of about 8 species, known from Sri Lanka to Malaysia and Indinesia. (gingersofindia.com)
Lanka1
- Sri Lanka These former species from Malaysia and Indonesia were reclassified into Sulettaria in 2018: Elettaria brachycalyx S.Sakai & Nagam. (wikipedia.org)