Effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes on dyslipidemia in diabetic rats. (1/5)

Diabetes mellitus has been treated orally with herbal remedies based on folk medicine since ancient times. Embelia ribes burm (Myrsinaceae), known commonly as vidanga, was used in Ayurveda for its anthelmintic activity. Ayurveda describes vidanga as pungent, causes increase in digestive fire, and cures flatulence and colic. A single study reported the antihyperglycemic activity of decoction of E. ribes in glucose-induced hyperglycemic albino rabbits. In the present study, the lipid-lowering and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of E. ribes burm was investigated in streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, IV, single injection)-induced diabetes in rats. Twenty days of orally feeding the extract (200 mg/kg) to diabetic rats resulted in significant (P < 0.01) decrease in blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, and triglycerides, and increase in HDL-cholesterol levels when compared to pathogenic diabetic rats. Further, the extract also lowered the liver and pancreas thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARSs) values (P < 0.01) when compared to TBARS values of liver and pancreas of pathogenic diabetic rats. The results of test drug were comparable to gliclazide (25 mg/kg, orally), a standard antihyperglycemic agent. This is the first pilot study to provide biochemical evidence of potential of E. ribes in diabetic dyslipidemia.  (+info)

Further studies on antioxidant potential and protection of pancreatic beta-cells by Embelia ribes in experimental diabetes. (2/5)

This study was designed to examine the antioxidant defense by ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes on streptozotocin-(40 mg/kg, intravenously, single-injection) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Forty days of oral feeding the extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) to diabetic rats resulted in significant (P < .01) decrease in blood glucose, blood glycosylated haemoglobin, serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and increase in blood glutathione levels as compared to pathogenic diabetic rats. Further, the extract also significantly (P < .01) decreased the pancreatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and significantly (P < .01) increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in pancreatic tissue of pathogenic diabetic rats. The islets were shrunken in diabetic rats in comparison to normal rats. In the drug-treated diabetic rats, there was expansion of islets. The results of test drug were comparable to gliclazide (25 mg/kg, daily), a standard antihyperglycemic agent. The study concludes that Embelia ribes enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and this protects beta-cells against loss, and exhibit antidiabetic property.  (+info)

Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of embelin on N-nitrosodiethylamine and carbon tetrachloride induced preneoplasia and toxicity in rat liver. (3/5)

Embelin, an active constituent isolated from the fruits of Embelia tsjeriam cottam was investigated for its chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced liver preneoplasia or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage. Rats received NDEA, 1 ppm/g b.w. in drinking water for 6 weeks or CCl4, 0.7 ml/kg i.p. once a week for 4 weeks and embelin 50 mg, 100 mg/kg b.w. orally prior, during and after exposure to NDEA/CCl4 for 20 or 5 weeks, respectively. Embelin treatment significantly prevented NDEA or CCl4 induced increase in biochemical marker enzymes: glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione-S-transferase, lipid peroxidase as well as hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminuria and glutathione depletion. This was further substantiated by marked decrease in incidence of preneoplastic foci, and inflammatory cells on histopathological and transmission electron microscopic analysis. The present study suggests embelin is a promising chemopreventive and hepatoprotective agent.  (+info)

Synthesis and evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of most active free radical scavenging derivatives of embelin-A structure-activity relationship. (4/5)

Antioxidant and related properties of the plant Embelia ribes and embelin are well known. In the present study embelin was condensed with various aromatic substituted primary amines to yield ten new and one reported derivatives along with monomethyl embelin. All these compounds along with embelin were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Two para-substituted embelin derivatives showed potent antioxidant activity. These compounds along with embelin were studied for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses by standard methods. Potent analgesic activity higher than the standard pentazocine was observed. Embelin and both of its derivatives almost completely abolished the acetic acid induced writhing. p-Sulfonylamine phenylamino derivative showed better anti-inflammatory activity than embelin.  (+info)

Insulin sensitization via partial agonism of PPARgamma and glucose uptake through translocation and activation of GLUT4 in PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway by embelin in type 2 diabetic rats. (5/5)

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