Encephalomalacia
Dodecanol
Enterotoxemia
Vitamin E Deficiency
Induction of bovine polioencephalomalacia with a feeding system based on molasses and urea. (1/61)
Polioencephalomalacia (PEM), a disease first described in the United States and related to intensive beef production, appeared in Cuba coincident with the use of a new, molasses-urea-based diet to fatten bulls. Because the only experimental means so far of reproducing PEM has been with amprolium, a structural analog of thiamin, the present study attempted to induce the disease using the molasses-urea-based diet. Six Holstein bulls (200-300 kg) were studied during consumption of three successive diets: 1) commercial molasses-urea-restricted forage diet of Cuban feedlots, 2) a period in which forage was gradually withdrawn and 3) a forage-free diet composed only of molasses, urea and fish meal. PEM was reproduced in this way. At ten-day intervals, blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and urea were measured, as well as when clinical signs of PEM appeared. The signs, clinical course and lesions of the experimentally induced disease were comparable to those of field cases. The biochemical results suggested a block in pyruvate oxidation as in PEM elsewhere in the world. No evidence existed of urea intoxication. In addition, brain and liver concentration of total thiamin from field cases and normal animals were found to be similar. (+info)Distribution of cells immunopositive for AM-3K, a novel monoclonal antibody recognizing human macrophages, in normal and diseased tissues of dogs, cats, horses, cattle, pigs, and rabbits. (2/61)
The monoclonal antibody AM-3K, which was developed using human pulmonary macrophages as the immunogen, immunocytochemically labels most human macrophages except for blood monocytes and dendritic cell populations. AM-3K also shows cross-reactivity in some animal species. To evaluate the usefulness of AM-3K, the present study investigated the detailed distribution of AM-3K-immunopositive macrophages in normal and diseased tissues of dogs, cats, horses, cattle, pigs, and rabbits. Zamboni's solution-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were the most available for the immunocytochemistry with AM-3K. In all animal species examined, AM-3K labeled most macrophages in splenic red pulp, lymph node sinuses and thymus, and tissue macrophages in the interstitium of various organs and sites such as the kidneys, lungs, heart, pancreas, intestines, and skin. Alveolar macrophages and perivascular microglial cells were also immunoreactive for AM-3K. Interestingly, Kupffer cells of dogs, cats, and horses were labeled for AM-3K, but those of cattle, pigs, and rabbits were not. Furthermore, in tumor tissues and inflammatory lesions such as liver fibrosis and encephalomalacia that were obtained from dogs, infiltrating macrophages were stained with AM-3K, but not all infiltrating macrophages reacted to AM-3K. In addition, only 30-50% of pulmonary and peritoneal macrophages obtained from cats and dogs were reactive for AM-3K. AM-3K did not react with blood monocytes, dendritic cell populations, and osteoclasts. These observations indicate that AM-3K specifically labels most exudate and tissue macrophages in the animal species examined. However, the expression of antigens recognized by AM-3K on macrophages may be dependent on differential maturation stages or different functions evoked by some conditions. AM-3K immunoreaction products were seen on the cytoplasmic membrane of macrophages by immunoelectron microscopy. AM-3K would be useful for detection of macrophage populations in the animal species examined here. (+info)Hamartomatous gastric polyposis in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. (3/61)
A 42-year-old female diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis was found to have multiple polyps in the fundus of stomach. On histologic examination, the lesions were hamartomatous polyps. In tuberous sclerosis, many lesions occur in multiple organs and there are several reports about the frequent association of hamartomatous polyps of the colon. However, gastric manifestation of tuberous sclerosis has not been established probably due to its asymptomatic nature. This is the first report of multiple gastric hamartomatous polyposis in patient with tuberous sclerosis. (+info)Spontaneous thrombosis of deep cerebral veins: a complication of arteriovenous malformation. (4/61)
An uncommon type of stroke in children is presented. An intracranial arteriovenous malformation in a 13-year-old boy spontaneously occluded about 22 months after surgical intervention. Precipitating factors, such as bacterial infections, could not be demonstrated in this patient, who had been attending school since the time of the craniotomy. The histological features of venous encephalomalacia in the galenic territory are contrasted with hemorrhagic encephalomalacia as seen after arterial occlusions: in the former, hemorrhages are more widespread and edema is more pronounced. (+info)Discovery and occurrence of the fumonisins: a historical perspective. (5/61)
This article describes the events leading to the discovery of the fumonisins in South Africa in 1988 and highlights the first 10 years (1988-1998) of fumonisin research. The predominant fungus isolated from moldy corn implicated in a field outbreak of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in South Africa in 1970 was Fusarium verticillioides (F. moniliforme). This fungus was also prevalent in moldy home-grown corn consumed by people in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer (EC) in the Transkei region of South Africa. Culture material on corn of F. verticillioides strain MRC 826, which was isolated from moldy corn in Transkei, was shown to cause ELEM in horses, porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome in pigs, and liver cancer in rats. A short-term cancer initiation/promotion assay in rat liver was used to purify the carcinogen(s) in the culture material. These efforts finally met with success when fumonisins B1 and B2 novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity in rat liver, were isolated from culture material of F. verticillioides MRC 826 at the Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis of the Medical Research Council in Tygerberg, South Africa. Following the elucidation of the chemical structure of the fumonisins, these carcinogenic mycotoxins were shown to occur naturally in moldy corn in Transkei. Shortly thereafter, high levels of fumonisins in the 1989 U.S. corn crop resulted in large-scale field outbreaks of ELEM and PPE in horses and pigs, respectively, in the United States. Subsequently the fumonisins were found to occur naturally in corn worldwide, including corn consumed as the staple diet by people at high risk for EC in Transkei and China. These findings, together with the fact that the fumonisins cause field outbreaks of mycotoxicoses in animals, are carcinogenic in rats, and disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, have resulted in much worldwide interest in these compounds during the first 10 years after the discovery of the fumonisins in 1988. (+info)Epinephrine induced hyperglycemia in bulls and its relationship to polioencephalomalacia. (6/61)
Data on blood glucose concentration in bulls affected with molasses associated polioencephalomalacia are controversial. It has been suggested that the brain lesions are related to a "hypoglycemic state" during the development of polioencephalomalacia. This paper reports the mobilization of glucose by means of the epinephrine test in three bulls fed two diets, one forage based and the other molasses based. The results showed significantly greater hyperglycemic responses in the animals during the molasses diet than during the forage one. This probably means that glucose stores (as glycogen) are higher in cattle consuming molasses than those consuming forage. Such hepatic glucose output is in disagreement with the hypoglycemia theory as the cause of the early stages of brain lesions and focuses the probable cause as being related to glucose utilization. (+info)Atypical manifestation of dural arteriovenous fistula. (7/61)
A case of secondary dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as infantile stroke, in a fifteen month old boy, is reported. The initial impression on CT scan in this case was misleading, due to the atypical appearance of the pathological periventricular blood vessels, interpreted as periventricular calcification. (+info)Leigh's disease: significance of the biochemical changes in brain. (8/61)
Analysis of five brains from patients with Leigh's disease demonstrates an accumulation of thiamine pyrophosphate and a deficiency of thiamine triphosphate. The enzyme which converts thiamine pyrophosphate to thiamine triphosphate was normally active in two of these brains, suggesting that the inhibitor found in Leigh's disease is probably producing the observed neurochemical changes. Reasons for the histological similarity between Leigh's and Wernicke's diseases are suggested. (+info)Encephalomalacia is a medical term that refers to the softening and degeneration of brain tissue. It is typically caused by an injury, infection, or lack of oxygen supply to the brain. This condition can lead to various neurological symptoms depending on the location and extent of the damage in the brain. Encephalomalacia may result in cognitive impairments, motor function loss, speech difficulties, and other long-term disabilities. Treatment options vary based on the underlying cause and severity of the condition but often include rehabilitation therapies to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Dodecanol is a fatty alcohol with the chemical formula C12H27OH. It is a straight-chain saturated alcohol with twelve carbon atoms, and it is a white, waxy solid at room temperature. Dodecanol is used in a variety of applications, including as an emollient in skin care products, a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, and a raw material in the production of other chemicals. It is also used as a fuel additive to increase the cetane number of diesel fuel and improve its performance. Dodecanol is not known to have any specific medical uses, but it is considered safe for use in consumer products.
Enterotoxemia is a condition characterized by the presence of toxins (specifically, enterotoxins) produced by certain types of bacteria in the intestines. This condition primarily affects ruminant animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle, although it can also occur in other species including humans.
The bacteria responsible for enterotoxemia are often part of the normal gut flora but can cause disease when they overgrow and produce large amounts of toxins. The most common bacterial species associated with enterotoxemia are Clostridium perfringens types C and D, and occasionally type A. These bacteria produce potent enterotoxins that can cause damage to the intestinal lining, leading to inflammation, diarrhea, dehydration, and potentially fatal septicemia.
Enterotoxemia can occur in animals of any age but is most commonly seen in young animals that have not yet fully developed their immune system or have been recently weaned. The condition can be triggered by a variety of factors, including dietary changes, overeating, stress, and viral infections.
Prevention of enterotoxemia typically involves vaccination against the causative bacteria and good management practices to minimize stress and prevent overeating. Treatment may involve supportive care such as fluid therapy, antibiotics, and anti-toxins, but the prognosis is often guarded, especially in severe cases.
Vitamin E deficiency is a condition that occurs when there is a lack of sufficient vitamin E in the body. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays an essential role in maintaining the health of cell membranes, protecting them from damage caused by free radicals. It also helps to support the immune system and promotes healthy blood vessels and nerves.
Vitamin E deficiency can occur due to several reasons, including malnutrition, malabsorption disorders such as cystic fibrosis or celiac disease, premature birth, or genetic defects affecting the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP), which is responsible for transporting vitamin E from the liver to other tissues.
Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency may include:
* Neurological problems such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia (loss of coordination), and muscle weakness
* Retinopathy (damage to the retina) leading to vision loss
* Increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammation
* Impaired immune function
Vitamin E deficiency is rare in healthy individuals who consume a balanced diet, but it can occur in people with certain medical conditions or those who have undergone bariatric surgery. In these cases, supplementation may be necessary to prevent or treat vitamin E deficiency.
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia
Cerebral softening
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 3
Shinjini Kundu
Porencephaly
Aeschynomene indica
Sylvester Q. Cannon
Franz Eduard Meyerheim
Centaurea solstitialis
Daniel O'Connell
Utilization behavior
Leuzea repens
Abdominal epilepsy
Powassan virus
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Periventricular leukomalacia
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Malacia
Nigropallidal encephalomalacia - Wikipedia
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Regions of encephalomalacia3
- Small regions of encephalomalacia inferior both frontal lobes similar to prior exam due to known prior traumatic injury. (medhelp.org)
- These were compared to manual tracings of the regions of encephalomalacia. (ox.ac.uk)
- CONCLUSION: Our region of probable injury spatial model approximates anatomical regions of encephalomalacia from ballistic PHI with time-saving over manual methods. (ox.ac.uk)
Encephalitis1
- My 2-year old child suffered from autoimmune encephalitis followed by encephalomalacia. (anatbanielmethod.com)
Hydrocephalus1
- Some preterm infants will develop ventriculomegaly without cranial growth or elevated intracranial pressure, consistent with hydrocephalus ex vacuo from encephalomalacia. (pediagenosis.com)
Cerebral3
- Subsequently (more than 30 days after presentation), extensive cerebral destruction, multicystic encephalomalacia, and calcification were seen on follow-up CT scans obtained in five infants. (ajnr.org)
- Degeneración de la sustancia blanca adyacente a los VENTRÍCULOS CEREBRALES que se produce en recién nacidos después de una hipoxia o ISQUEMIA CEREBRAL. (bvsalud.org)
- La afección afecta principalmente a la sustancia blanca en la zona de perfusión entre las ramas superficiales y profundas de la ARTERIA CEREBRAL MEDIA. (bvsalud.org)
Neurological1
- Nigropallidal encephalomalacia or Chewing disease is a neurological condition that affects horses that have eaten certain toxic plants. (wikipedia.org)
Brain5
- Further research using encephalomalacia volumetric measurements may be useful to address patients' outcomes when retracting vs. non-retraction of the brain. (cns.org)
- OBJECTIVE: We assess agreement between an automated trajectory analysis-based assessment of brain injury and manual tracings of encephalomalacia on CT. (ox.ac.uk)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) or Encephalomalacia caused by head trauma can have a significant impact on your life, leaving you unable work or care for your self. (sandiegodisabilitylaw.com)
- Here's a look at various brain and head injuries and how you may qualify for TBI disability or Encephalomalacia disability. (sandiegodisabilitylaw.com)
- The "large area of encephalomalacia" that sounded so concerning was due to his brain surgeries of several years ago so wasn't anything new. (robertssister.com)
View1
- Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/730096/all/encephalomalacia. (unboundmedicine.com)
Medical1
- In November, 2010 infant plaintiff was evaluated by the early intervention specialist who upon the review of the medical records discovered that AM was tested positive for encephalomalacia which was never mentioned by the pediatrician. (lawfitz.com)
Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia3
- Nigropallidal encephalomalacia or Chewing disease is a neurological condition that affects horses that have eaten certain toxic plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Like yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis L.], Russian knapweed is toxic to horses, causing nigropallidal encephalomalacia or "chewing disease" when sufficient quantities are consumed. (texasinvasives.org)
- It is also poisonous to horses, causing a nervous disorder called "chewing disease" (nigropallidal encephalomalacia), which is fatal once symptoms develop. (ucanr.edu)
Cystic4
- These occlusions mainly affect anterior and middle cerebral arteries causing multi-cystic encephalomalacia, microcephaly, porencephaly, ventriculomegaly and cerebral palsy5. (ispub.com)
- Sequential MRI showed severe parenchymal atrophy and cystic encephalomalacia. (aap.org)
- Cystic encephalomalacia in the left temporal and parietal regions, delayed myelination, decreased white matter volume, and enlarged ventricles can be seen in this image. (medscape.com)
- Multicystic encephalomalacia refers to the formation of multiple cystic cavities of various sizes in the cerebral cortex of neonates and infants following injury, most notably perinatal hypoxia-ischemic events. (bvsalud.org)
Atrophy or encephalomalacia1
- Result of assessment of brain atrophy or encephalomalacia, defined as loss of tissue volume over time due to cell death or shrinkage. (nih.gov)
Cortical3
- Based on radiographic imaging, intracranial pathologies included cortical dysplasia (n = 3), encephalomalacia (n = 3), cortical tubers (n = 1), Rasmussen encephalitis (n = 1), and linear migrational anomaly (n = 1). (nih.gov)
- The term, encephalomalacia, is often used upon gross pathological inspection, as it is much easier to better describe blurred cortical margins and decreased consistency of brain tissue, or brain softening. (belmarrahealth.com)
- Cortical tissue was collected from thirteen patients with intractable epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia (6), encephalomalacia (5), Rasmussen's encephalitis (1) or mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (1). (biomedcentral.com)
Cerebellar1
- For example, an article about cerebellar encephalomalacia is indexed with the precoordinated organ-disease term CEREBELLAR DISEASES (IM) and ENCEPHALOMALACIA (IM). (nih.gov)
Focal1
- Pulpy kidney, enterotoxaemia, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia. (wa.gov.au)
Brain tissue1
- Encephalomalacia is a type of serious brain damage that results in the softening or loss of brain tissue. (belmarrahealth.com)
Develop1
- The CT scans and MRIs done at the hospital showed the areas of the young girl's brain injured in the wreck began to develop encephalomalacia, also known as cell death. (hsinjurylaw.com)
Area2
- The brain bleeds created a "dead area" of his brain in a condition called "encephalomalacia. (stfblaw.com)
- The "large area of encephalomalacia" that sounded so concerning was due to his brain surgeries of several years ago so wasn't anything new. (robertssister.com)
Blood1
- To better round off your week, we have also included informative articles on encephalomalacia and blood pressure to change after eating. (belmarrahealth.com)
Problems1
- Memory problems, migraines, and panic attacks are just a few of the side effects of encephalomalacia, which is permanent. (stfblaw.com)