Endomyocardial Fibrosis
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Cardiomyopathies
Echocardiography
Heart Ventricles
Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis
Electrocardiography
Myocarditis
Global biventricular dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease may be caused by myocarditis. (1/250)
BACKGROUND: The causal role of asymptomatic critical coronary artery obstruction in patients presenting with severe global biventricular dysfunction but no evidence of myocardial infarction is uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 291 patients aged >40 years undergoing a noninvasive (2-dimensional echocardiography) and invasive (catheterization, coronary angiography, and biventricular endomyocardial biopsy, 6 to 8 samples/patient) cardiac study because of progressive heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV) with global biventricular dysfunction and no history of myocardial ischemic events, 7 patients (2.4%; 7 men; mean age, 49+/-6.9 years) had severe coronary artery disease (3 vessels in 4 patients; 2 vessels in 1 patient, proximal occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery in 2 patients). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and ejection fraction by 2-dimensional echocardiography were 73+/-10.5 mm and 23+/-6.5%, respectively, and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter and ejection fraction were 39+/-7 mm and 29+/-7.2%, respectively. Biopsy specimens showed extensive lymphocytic infiltrates with focal myocytolysis meeting the Dallas criteria for myocarditis in all patients (in 5 patients with and 2 patients without fibrosis). Cardiac autoantibodies were detected with indirect immunofluorescence in the serum of 2 patients with active myocarditis. The 2 patients with active inflammation received prednisone (1 mg. kg-1. d-1 for 4 weeks followed by 0.33 mg. kg-1. d-1 for 5 months) and azathioprine (2 mg. kg-1. d-1 for 5 months) in addition to conventional drug therapy for heart failure. At 8-month overall follow-up, cardiac volume and function improved considerably in immunosuppressed patients but remained unchanged in conventionally treated patients, of whom 1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Global biventricular dysfunction in patients with severe asymptomatic coronary artery disease and no evidence of previous myocardial infarction may be caused by myocarditis. Histologic findings may influence the treatment. (+info)Cell death in acromegalic cardiomyopathy. (2/250)
BACKGROUND: Prolonged untreated acromegaly leads to a nonspecific myopathy characterized by ventricular dysfunction and failure. However, the mechanisms responsible for the alterations of cardiac pump function remain to be defined. Because cell death is implicated in most cardiac disease processes, the possibility has been raised that myocyte apoptosis may occur in the acromegalic heart, contributing to the deterioration of ventricular hemodynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten acromegalic patients with diastolic dysfunction and 4 also with systolic dysfunction were subjected to electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, 2-dimensional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and biventricular and coronary angiography before surgical removal of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained and analyzed quantitatively in terms of tissue scarring and myocyte and nonmyocyte apoptosis. Myocardial samples from papillary muscles of patients who underwent valve replacement for mitral stenosis were used for comparison. The presence of apoptosis in myocytes and interstitial cells was determined by confocal microscopy with the use of 2 histochemical methods, consisting of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay and Taq probe in situ ligation. Acromegaly was characterized by a 495-fold and 305-fold increase in apoptosis of myocytes and nonmyocytes, respectively. The magnitude of myocyte apoptosis correlated with the extent of impairment in ejection fraction and the duration of the disease. A similar correlation was found with the magnitude of collagen accumulation, indicative of previous myocyte necrosis. Myocyte death was independent from the hormonal levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Apoptosis of interstitial cells did not correlate with ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Myocyte cell death, apoptotic and necrotic in nature, may be critical for the development of ventricular dysfunction and its progression to cardiac failure with acromegaly. (+info)Poverty and eosinophilia are risk factors for endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in Uganda. (3/250)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative risks of socio-demographic, dietary, and environmental factors for endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in Uganda. METHOD: Unmatched case control study in Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Cases (n = 61) were sequential patients hospitalized with an echocardiographic diagnosis of EMF from June 1995 to March 1996. Controls (n = 120) were concurrent patients with other forms of heart disease (heart controls, n = 59) and subjects admitted for trauma or elective surgery (hospital controls, n = 61). All consenting subjects answered a structured questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. Complete blood counts, malaria films and stool examination for ova and parasites were performed. Questionnaires elicited information on home address, economic circumstances, variables concerned with environmental exposures and usual diet before becoming ill. RESULTS: After adjustment for age and sex, cases were significantly more likely than controls to have Rwanda/Burundi ethnic origins (P = 0.008). Compared with controls, cases had a lower level of education (P < 0.001 for heart controls and P = 0.07 for hospital controls), were more likely to be peasants (P < 0.001), and to come from Luwero or Mukono Districts (P = 0.003). After further adjustment for peasant occupation, cases were more likely than controls to walk barefoot (P = 0.015), consume cassava as their staple food (P < 0.001) and to lack fish or meat in dietary sauces (P = 0.02). Cases were more likely to exhibit absolute eosinophilia (P = 0.006). The effect of cassava diet was more marked in the younger age group, while the effect of eosinophilia was greater in adults. Socio-economic disadvantage is a risk for EMF. Absolute eosinophilia is a putative cause of EMF, a finding not explained by parasitism. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that relative poverty and environmental factors triggering eosinophilia appear to act in a geographically restricted region of Uganda in the aetiology of EMF. (+info)Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation: interaction with hemodynamic and hormonal factors. (4/250)
It is generally admitted that the pathogenesis of perivascular and interstitial cardiac fibrosis involves the response to two types of stimuli: a hormonal one, mainly involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the more recently described endothelin system, and a hemodynamic stimulus, particularly high blood pressure. We propose in the present review a third step which, although not exclusive, interacts with the hormonal and hemodynamic ones, and involves inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, hypertension is invariably associated with inflammatory cell infiltration either in the intimal part of large vessels or in the adventitial region of arterioles. This has led us to hypothesize that arterial wall cells may trigger the initial communications attracting inflammatory cells to the perivascular region. In this paper, we review the proinflammatory intercellular communications as well as the intracellular signaling which confer an inflammatory phenotype to arteries. In this context, the profibrogenic and proinflammatory effects of hemodynamic overload and peptidergic systems such as angiotensin II and endothelin are considered. The study of the inflammatory process is not without interest, especially in view of the strong modulating effect of the inflammatory mediators both on the inflammatory process itself and on the fibrotic process. The principal and the most potent mediators are reviewed. Finally, the hypothesis that the inflammatory process could be in reality an immune specific process is suggested. (+info)Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade arrests myocyte damage and preserves cardiac function in the transgenic G(salpha) mouse. (5/250)
Transgenic (TG) mice with cardiac G(salpha) overexpression exhibit enhanced inotropic and chronotropic responses to sympathetic stimulation, but develop cardiomyopathy with age. We tested the hypothesis that cardiomyopathy in TG mice with G(salpha) overexpression could be averted with chronic beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) blockade. TG mice and age-matched wild-type littermates were treated with the beta-AR blocker propranolol for 6-7 months, starting at a time when the cardiomyopathy was developing but was not yet severe enough to induce significant cardiac depression (9.5 months of age), and ending at a time when cardiac depression and cardiomyopathy would have been clearly manifest (16 months of age). Propranolol treatment, which can induce cardiac depression in the normal heart, actually prevented cardiac dilation and the depressed left ventricular function characteristic of older TG mice, and abolished premature mortality. Propranolol also prevented the increase in myocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial fibrosis. Myocyte apoptosis, already apparent in 9-month-old TG mice, was actually eliminated by chronic propranolol. This study indicates that chronic sympathetic stimulation over an extended period is deleterious and results in cardiomyopathy. Conversely, beta-AR blockade is salutary in this situation and can prevent the development of cardiomyopathy. (+info)Repetitive coxsackievirus infection induces cardiac dilatation in post-myocarditic mice. (6/250)
The relation between mycarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is controversial. To clarify the pathogenic mechanism of these diseases, the present study examined the effect of repetitive inoculation with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in post-myocarditic mice. Inbred 3-week-old A/J mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with CVB3 (Nancy strain; 2x10(4) plaque-forming units) and reinfected in the same manner with CVB3 at 40 weeks (3W+/40W+). All mice were killed at 42 weeks old. The weight of the hearts of the 3W+/40W+ group were significantly increased compared with those of the 3W-/40W+ group, and both the heart weight/body weight and lung weight/body weight ratios of the 3W+/40W+ group were also significantly increased over those of the 3W-/40W- group, although the levels of serum neutralizing antibody titers were significantly increased in the 3W+/40W+ group over the level of the other groups. No increase in inflammatory cell infiltration or fibrosis progression was observed in the 3W+/40W+ group relative to the 3W+/40W- group, but the second inoculation resulted in a significant left ventricular dilatation and in left and right ventricular free wall thinning (3.31+/-0.20 mm vs 2.61+/-0.19 mm, p<0.05; 0.54+/-0.09 mm vs 0.72+/-0.16 mm, p<0.05, respectively). The sarcomere length was also significantly increased in the 3W+/40W+ group compared with that of the other groups, as determined by electron microscopy. Degenerative or necrotic areas in the infected hearts were not stained with anti-mouse IgG antibody, but were stained, only in 3W+/40W+ mice, with anti-mouse IgM antibody. The concentrations of TNF-alpha in the hearts of the 3W+/40W+ group were increased significantly over those of the 3W+/40W- group. Repetitive CVB3 infection produced cardiac dilatation without inflammatory cell infiltration in post- myocarditic mice. Autoimmunity mediated by the circulation of certain antibodies (eg, antibodies against the CVB3 genome or a CVB3-related protein) may be part of the pathogenic mechanism for this phenomenon. Thus, repetitive virus infection might contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dilatation. (+info)L-NAME-induced protein remodeling and fibrosis in the rat heart. (7/250)
The aim of the present study was to determine whether NO deficiency itself or rather the elevation of systolic blood pressure is responsible for the protein and structural remodeling of the heart during hypertension induced by long-term treatment by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Three groups of rats were investigated. The first group served as control. In the second group L-NAME was given in the dose of 20 mg/kg/day in the drinking water and in the third group L-NAME was given in the dose of 40 mg/kg/day during 4 weeks. While L-NAME treatment in both doses caused essentially the same increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), NO synthase activity and cGMP concentration in the left ventricle decreased by 17% and 13%, respectively in the 20 mg/kg/day L-NAME group and by 69% and 27%, respectively in the 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME group. The protein profile of the left ventricle in both L-NAME groups was characterized by an increased concentration of metabolic proteins. Nevertheless, a significant increase in the concentration of pepsin-soluble collagenous proteins and the concentration of hydroxyproline in pepsin-insoluble collagenous proteins was found only in the group receiving 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME. The morphometric evaluation revealed a significant increase in myocardial fibrosis in both L-NAME groups. However, this was more pronounced in the 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME group. It is concluded that NO deficiency resulted in significant enhancement of fibrotic tissue growth in proportion to the administered L-NAME dose, while SBP was increased similarly in both L-NAME groups. Thus, NO deficiency rather than hemodynamic changes appears to be crucially involved in collagenous protein and fibrotic tissue changes of the left ventricle in hypertension induced by L-NAME. (+info)Human chronic chagasic cardiopathy: participation of parasite antigens, subsets of lymphocytes, cytokines and microvascular abnormalities. (8/250)
This article tries to demonstrate by new pathological findings (with the use of immunohistochemical technique and confocal laser microscopy) that chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is a result of multiple factors involving myocarditis, immunodepression, severe fibrosis and microvessels dilatation and that all of these alterations are probably directly related with the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites in the host associated with inadequate immunological response of the host. (+info)Endomyocardial fibrosis is a rare heart condition characterized by the thickening and scarring (fibrosis) of the inner layer of the heart muscle (endocardium) and the muscular walls of the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This process can restrict the heart's ability to fill properly with blood, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. The exact cause of endomyocardial fibrosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response or inflammation. It is more commonly found in tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Treatment typically involves medications to manage symptoms and improve heart function, as well as potentially surgical interventions to remove the scar tissue and restore normal heart function.
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES) is a group of disorders characterized by persistent eosinophilia (an abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell) leading to organ damage. The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood is typically greater than 1500 cells/μL. HES can affect various organs, including the heart, skin, nervous system, and digestive tract, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, skin rashes, muscle weakness, and abdominal pain. The exact cause of HES is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to abnormal production or activation of eosinophils. Treatment may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and targeted therapies that reduce eosinophil levels.
Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of eosinophils in the circulating blood. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in fighting off parasitic infections and regulating allergic reactions. However, when their numbers become excessively high, they can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation.
Eosinophilia is typically defined as a count of more than 500 eosinophils per microliter of blood. Mild eosinophilia (up to 1,500 cells/μL) may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during routine blood tests. However, higher levels of eosinophilia can lead to various symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, skin rashes, and organ damage, depending on the underlying cause.
The causes of eosinophilia are varied and can include allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and some types of cancer. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia require identification and management of the underlying cause.
The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart and the valves between them. It is a thin, smooth membrane that is in contact with the blood within the heart. This layer helps to maintain the heart's internal environment, facilitates the smooth movement of blood through the heart, and provides a protective barrier against infection and other harmful substances. The endocardium is composed of simple squamous epithelial cells called endothelial cells, which are supported by a thin layer of connective tissue.
Cardiomyopathies are a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, leading to mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction. The American Heart Association (AHA) defines cardiomyopathies as "a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually (but not always) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation and frequently lead to heart failure."
There are several types of cardiomyopathies, including:
1. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM): This is the most common type of cardiomyopathy, characterized by an enlarged left ventricle and impaired systolic function, leading to heart failure.
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): In this type, there is abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly in the septum between the two ventricles, which can obstruct blood flow and increase the risk of arrhythmias.
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM): This is a rare form of cardiomyopathy characterized by stiffness of the heart muscle, impaired relaxation, and diastolic dysfunction, leading to reduced filling of the ventricles and heart failure.
4. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC): In this type, there is replacement of the normal heart muscle with fatty or fibrous tissue, primarily affecting the right ventricle, which can lead to arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
5. Unclassified cardiomyopathies: These are conditions that do not fit into any of the above categories but still significantly affect the heart muscle and function.
Cardiomyopathies can be caused by genetic factors, acquired conditions (e.g., infections, toxins, or autoimmune disorders), or a combination of both. The diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and sometimes genetic testing. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition but may include medications, lifestyle modifications, implantable devices, or even heart transplantation in severe cases.
Echocardiography is a medical procedure that uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart's structure, function, and motion. It is a non-invasive test that can help diagnose various heart conditions, such as valve problems, heart muscle damage, blood clots, and congenital heart defects.
During an echocardiogram, a transducer (a device that sends and receives sound waves) is placed on the chest or passed through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart. The sound waves produced by the transducer bounce off the heart structures and return to the transducer, which then converts them into electrical signals that are processed to create images of the heart.
There are several types of echocardiograms, including:
* Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE): This is the most common type of echocardiogram and involves placing the transducer on the chest.
* Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): This type of echocardiogram involves passing a specialized transducer through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart from a closer proximity.
* Stress echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram is performed during exercise or medication-induced stress to assess how the heart functions under stress.
* Doppler echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram uses sound waves to measure blood flow and velocity in the heart and blood vessels.
Echocardiography is a valuable tool for diagnosing and managing various heart conditions, as it provides detailed information about the structure and function of the heart. It is generally safe, non-invasive, and painless, making it a popular choice for doctors and patients alike.
The heart ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it to the lungs or the rest of the body. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Both ventricles have thick, muscular walls to generate the pressure necessary to pump blood through the circulatory system.
Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by the excessive accumulation and/or altered deposition of extracellular matrix components, particularly collagen, in various tissues and organs. This results in the formation of fibrous scar tissue that can impair organ function and structure. Fibrosis can occur as a result of chronic inflammation, tissue injury, or abnormal repair mechanisms, and it is a common feature of many diseases, including liver cirrhosis, lung fibrosis, heart failure, and kidney disease.
In medical terms, fibrosis is defined as:
"The process of producing scar tissue (consisting of collagen) in response to injury or chronic inflammation in normal connective tissue. This can lead to the thickening and stiffening of affected tissues and organs, impairing their function."
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Uganda" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in East Africa, known officially as the Republic of Uganda. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. When this gene is not functioning properly, thick, sticky mucus builds up in various organs, leading to a range of symptoms.
In the lungs, this mucus can clog the airways, making it difficult to breathe and increasing the risk of lung infections. Over time, lung damage can occur, which may lead to respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus can prevent the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, impairing nutrient absorption and leading to malnutrition. CF can also affect the reproductive system, liver, and other organs.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis may include persistent coughing, wheezing, lung infections, difficulty gaining weight, greasy stools, and frequent greasy diarrhea. The severity of the disease can vary significantly among individuals, depending on the specific genetic mutations they have inherited.
Currently, there is no cure for cystic fibrosis, but treatments are available to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include airway clearance techniques, medications to thin mucus, antibiotics to treat infections, enzyme replacement therapy, and a high-calorie, high-fat diet. Lung transplantation is an option for some individuals with advanced lung disease.
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a medical procedure that records the electrical activity of the heart. It provides a graphic representation of the electrical changes that occur during each heartbeat. The resulting tracing, called an electrocardiogram, can reveal information about the heart's rate and rhythm, as well as any damage to its cells or abnormalities in its conduction system.
During an ECG, small electrodes are placed on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs. These electrodes detect the electrical signals produced by the heart and transmit them to a machine that amplifies and records them. The procedure is non-invasive, painless, and quick, usually taking only a few minutes.
ECGs are commonly used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, including arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and electrolyte imbalances. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of certain medications or treatments.
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, which is the middle layer of the heart wall. The myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle cells and is responsible for the heart's pumping function. Myocarditis can be caused by various infectious and non-infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, autoimmune diseases, toxins, and drugs.
In myocarditis, the inflammation can damage the cardiac muscle cells, leading to decreased heart function, arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms), and in severe cases, heart failure or even sudden death. Symptoms of myocarditis may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen.
The diagnosis of myocarditis is often based on a combination of clinical presentation, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the disease and may include medications to support heart function, reduce inflammation, control arrhythmias, and prevent further damage to the heart muscle. In some cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be necessary.
A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope for the presence of disease. This can help doctors diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as cancer, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location and nature of the suspected condition. Some common types of biopsies include:
1. Incisional biopsy: In this procedure, a surgeon removes a piece of tissue from an abnormal area using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. This type of biopsy is often used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely during the initial biopsy.
2. Excisional biopsy: An excisional biopsy involves removing the entire abnormal area, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This technique is typically employed for smaller lesions or when cancer is suspected.
3. Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from the body. There are two main types of needle biopsies: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA extracts loose cells, while a core needle biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.
4. Punch biopsy: In a punch biopsy, a round, sharp tool is used to remove a small cylindrical sample of skin tissue. This type of biopsy is often used for evaluating rashes or other skin abnormalities.
5. Shave biopsy: During a shave biopsy, a thin slice of tissue is removed from the surface of the skin using a sharp razor-like instrument. This technique is typically used for superficial lesions or growths on the skin.
After the biopsy sample has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and provide a diagnosis based on their findings. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition.
M. S. Valiathan
Ayodele Olajide Falase
Chukwuedu Nwokolo
Homer Clyde Snook
John Parsons Shillingford
Vimla Virmani
Eosinophilic myocarditis
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Endomyocardial biopsy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
G. Vijayaraghavan
Loeffler endocarditis
Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram
List of ICD-9 codes 390-459: diseases of the circulatory system
List of diseases (E)
Acute eosinophilic leukemia
Tricuspid regurgitation
Myopathy
EMF
Cardiomyopathy
List of MeSH codes (C14)
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
Desmoglein-2
Symptoms of COVID-19
Endomyocardial Fibrosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Endomyocardial Fibrosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Endomyocardial Fibrosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
View of Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis: an overview
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
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Myocardial fibrosis7
- Evaluation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in heart failure with cardiac magnetic resonance contrast-enhanced T1 mapping. (medscape.com)
- Myocardial fibrosis consists of collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation. (medscape.com)
- the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis in this specific entity remain unclear. (medscape.com)
- Purpose: To determine the utility of cardiac MR (CMR) T1 mapping for quantification of diffuse myocardial fibrosis compared to the standard of endomyocardial biopsy. (nih.gov)
- Results: Median myocardial fibrosis was 8.5% (IQR 5.7, 14.4). (nih.gov)
- Conclusion: T1 mapping can provide noninvasive evidence of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients referred for evaluation of cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
- The aim of this study was to analyze whether cardiotrophin-1 is associated with left ventricular end-diastolic stress and myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure. (nih.gov)
Biopsy8
- Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified cardiomyopathy patients who had undergone endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and CMR at one institution over 5 years. (nih.gov)
- Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a useful modality in diagnosing the origin of cardiomyopathy and the condition of the impaired myocardium. (go.jp)
- Over the last decade, several studies have suggested that left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy is safer and has a higher diagnostic yield than transvenous right ventricular biopsy. (revportcardiol.org)
- We report our initial experience with transradial endomyocardial biopsy with regards to feasibility, safety and usefulness. (revportcardiol.org)
- Single-center registry of consecutive patients undergoing intended transradial left endomyocardial biopsy. (revportcardiol.org)
- On occasion, an endomyocardial biopsy is required for the diagnosis. (ontariohomeopath.ca)
- This is due to increased clinical awareness among clinicians and new diagnostic modalities, since magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography are emerging as "gold standard" tools replacing endomyocardial biopsy. (wustl.edu)
- Clinicians must have a low threshold for considering and evaluating for CS, as imaging can be nonspecific and endomyocardial biopsy can have a low sensitivity given the patchy nature of myocardial involvement. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy3
- As with other forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy, distinguish endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) from constrictive pericarditis. (medscape.com)
- Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is an idiopathic disorder of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world that is characterized by the development of restrictive cardiomyopathy and fibrotic changes in the endocardium, usually limited to the cardiac apex. (medscape.com)
- The diastolic dysfunction may be observed in myocardial (restrictive cardiomyopathy [RCM] and phenocopies), endocardial/endomyocardial (fibrosis, elastosis), and pericardial (constriction, effusion) diseases (see Fuster and Hurst's Central Illustration). (mhmedical.com)
Interstitial fibrosis7
- The relationships among echocardiographic data before EMB and pathologically measured cardiomyocyte diameter (CMD) and interstitial fibrosis (IF) were evaluated. (go.jp)
- Six endomyocardial biopsies from the right ventricle showed slight non-specific hypertrophy and slight interstitial fibrosis and no suspicion of arrhythmogenic right ventricle cardiomyopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Myocyte necrosis and interstitial fibrosis are frequently observed. (ontariohomeopath.ca)
- Left ventricular structure was evaluated from interstitial fibrosis, fibrous content, and muscle fiber diameter. (elsevierpure.com)
- Interstitial fibrosis and fibrous contents were larger before surgery than in control subjects and increased even more early but decreased significantly late after AVR. (elsevierpure.com)
- Conclusions: Diastolic stiffness increases in aortic stenosis early after AVR parallel to the increase in interstitial fibrosis, whereas relaxation rate decreases with a reduction in left ventricular muscle mass. (elsevierpure.com)
- Thus, reversal of diastolic dysfunction in aortic stenosis takes years and is accompanied by a slow regression of interstitial fibrosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Idiopathic1
- Tai CP, Chung T, Avasarala K. Endomyocardial fibrosis and mural thrombus in a 4-year-old girl due to idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome described with serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (medscape.com)
Endocarditis6
- Alam A, Thampi S, Saba SG, Jermyn R. Loeffler endocarditis: a unique presentation of right-sided heart failure due to eosinophil-induced endomyocardial fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Löffler endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] (nontropical eosinophilic endomyocardial fibrosis or fibroplastic parietal endocarditis with eosinophilia). (medscape.com)
- A group of original heart diseases which seem to have a predilection for tropical regions, such as fibroplastic endocarditis reported by Peuchot* in Brazzaville and the increase in white blood cells (eosinophils) in the heart reported by Mazaud* in Cambodia, endomyocardial fibrosis described by Bertrand* in Abidjan. (asnom.org)
- endomyocardial fibrosis (Davies disease) and eosinophilic endocarditis (Loffler's endocarditis). (drzarirudwadia.com)
- We report a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with Loffler's endocarditis, in the absence of endomyocardial fibrosis. (drzarirudwadia.com)
Endocardial4
- In endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), the underlying process produces patchy fibrosis of the endocardial surface of the heart, leading to reduced compliance and, ultimately, restrictive physiology as the endomyocardial surface becomes more generally involved. (medscape.com)
- Endocardial fibrosis principally involves the apices of the right and left ventricles and may affect the atrioventricular valves mainly by tethering the papillary muscles, leading to tricuspid and mitral regurgitation. (medscape.com)
- Endocardial thickening or myocardial infiltration (sometimes with death of myocytes, papillary muscle infiltration, compensatory myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis) may occur in one, typically the left, or both ventricles. (msdmanuals.com)
- Restrictive endomyocardial diseases include endomyocardial fibrosis of right, left, or both ventricles, frequently with involvement of valves, Hedinger syndrome of the right-sided heart valves in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome, as well as endocardial fibroelastosis associated with congenital heart anomalies. (mhmedical.com)
Peripartum cardiomyopathy2
- There is some hope, however, with recent initiatives including the Drakensberg declaration on the control of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease in Africa, the initiation of the Pan African Society of Cardiology , and several projects studying the epidemiology of neglected diseases such as peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), as well as a pilot trial of a therapy in tubercular pericarditis. (medscape.com)
- The predominant pattern of cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is that of poverty-related conditions (rheumatic heart valve disease, untreated congenital heart disease, tuberculous pericarditis) and diseases of unclear aetiology with a higher prevalence in this part of the world (peripartum cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis). (archive.org)
Eosinophilic2
- Reversible severe eosinophilic endomyocardial fibrosis during pregnancy: a case report. (medscape.com)
- 15. [Endomyocardial fibrosis in chronic eosinophilic leukemia]. (nih.gov)
Biopsies2
- Endomyocardial biopsies from patients (n=31) and necropsies from 7 control subjects were studied. (nih.gov)
- Twelve patients with severe aortic stenosis were studied before surgery, early (22±8 months) and late (81±22 months) after AVR using left ventricular biplane angiograms, high-fidelity pressure measurements, and endomyocardial biopsies. (elsevierpure.com)
Endocardium2
- Ultimately, after several years of disease activity, the fibrotic phase is reached, when the endocardium is replaced by collagenous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- a subcategory of hypereosinophilic syndrome with primary cardiac involvement), which occurs in the tropics, begins as an acute arteritis with eosinophilia, followed by thrombus formation on the endocardium, chordae, and atrioventricular (AV) valves, progressing to fibrosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Etiology1
- We conducted a systematic review of research on the epidemiology and etiology of endomyocardial fibrosis. (qxmd.com)
Patients3
- Clinical meaning of ascites in patients with endomyocardial fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Elle était rétrospective et prospective incluant tous les patients dont l'étude cytologique des liquides d'ascitea mis en évidence des cellules malignes. (bvsalud.org)
- Application of multiplex ARMS and SSCP/HD analysis in molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in Indian patients. (drzarirudwadia.com)
Intracardiac1
- Occasionally, a masslike lesion seen in endomyocardial fibrosis masquerades as an intracardiac tumor. (medscape.com)
Right ventricular2
- In addition, fibrosis in the right ventricular/left ventricular (RV/LV) apex can be a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. (medscape.com)
- We current the truth of the 12-year-old Ugandan child using stunning comorbidities, including advanced periportal fibrosis a result of Schistosoma mansoni disease and right ventricular EMF, and discuss the potential NVP-LDE225 correlation among each B02 illnesses.Mitochondrial problems probably have a central position inside the pathophysiology involving despression symptoms. (micrornainhibitor.com)
Diffuse1
- Systemic Sclerosis Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin, joints, and internal organs (especially the esophagus. (msdmanuals.com)
Davies1
- The pathologist Jack N. P. Davies identified endomyocardial fibrosis in Uganda in 1947. (qxmd.com)
Sclerosis1
- We relied primarily on articles in the MEDLINE database with either "endomyocardial fibrosis" or "endomyocardial sclerosis" in the title. (qxmd.com)
Patchy1
- Furthermore, the distribution of the fibrosis does not follow a pattern one would expect after an ischemic event in one of the three major coronary arteries, as there are patchy affected areas even within the distribution of the individual coronary arteries. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Epidemiology1
- Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis in Africa. (medscape.com)
Vanishing disease1
- Vijayaraghavan G, Sivasankaran S. Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis in India: a vanishing disease! (medscape.com)
Eosinophilia2
- Relation between eosinophilia and endomyocardial disease. (medscape.com)
- Rutakingirwa M, Ziegler JL, Newton R, Freers J. Poverty and eosinophilia are risk factors for endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in Uganda. (medscape.com)
Arrhythmias1
- Cardiac fibrosis leads to congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. (wustl.edu)
Lung2
- Intratracheal instillation of fine particles of CeO2 (size not given) induce primary lung lesions (i.e., pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar proteinosis and granulomas) but coarse particles did not. (nih.gov)
- Oxaliplatin-induced lung fibrosis. (drzarirudwadia.com)
Tropical2
- Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) occurs commonly in tropical regions and affects both the left and right ventricles. (msdmanuals.com)
- Afección caracterizada por engrosamiento del ENDOCARDIO ventricular y subendocardio (MIOCARDIO), observada principalmente en niños y adultos jóvenes en CLIMA TROPICAL. (bvsalud.org)
Occur1
- Cardiac involvement and fibrosis in sarcoidosis occur in 5-10% of cases and is becoming increasingly diagnosed. (wustl.edu)
Stiffness1
- Fibrosis increases the stiffness of the heart, resulting in the restrictive physiology. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis1
- Hassan WM, Fawzy ME, Al Helaly S, Hegazy H, Malik S. Pitfalls in diagnosis and clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings in endomyocardial fibrosis: a 25-year experience. (medscape.com)
Left3
- It is proposed that exaggerated cardiomyocyte production of cardiotrophin-1 in response to increased left ventricular end-diastolic stress may contribute to fibrosis through stimulation of fibroblasts in heart failure of hypertensive origin. (nih.gov)
- End-organ disease consists of granulomatous inflammation, which if left untreated or not resolved spontaneously, leads to permanent fibrosis and end-organ dysfunction. (wustl.edu)
- There is near-circumferential and well-demarcated tan-white fibrosis of the left ventricle and interventricular septum that predominately involves the epicardium and extends to involve the mid-myocardium. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Clinical2
- Clinical course of endomyocardial fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a rare disease entity that most echocardiographers will never encounter in their clinical practice, unless you live in Africa. (123sonography.com)
Tissue1
- Differentiated tissue display Phenylbutyrate very good biocompatibility with the new ipod nano materials.A link involving late-stage hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) continues to be recommended but not confirmed. (micrornainhibitor.com)
Pattern2
- The changing pattern of endomyocardial fibrosis in South-west Nigeria. (medscape.com)
- Fibrosis reduces conduction velocity, impairs activation pattern, and may provide the substrate for wave breaks and reentry. (medscape.com)
Surface1
- The sparing of the endomyocardium lessens the likelihood that this disease process occurred as the result of an ischemic event (i.e., myocardial infarct), which first affect the endomyocardial surface as a watershed area and extend outward. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Levels1
- Valiathan SM, Kartha CC. Endomyocardial fibrosis--the possible connexion with myocardial levels of magnesium and cerium. (medscape.com)
Area1
- A population study of endomyocardial fibrosis in a rural area of Mozambique. (medscape.com)