Endorphins
beta-Endorphin
Naloxone
beta-Lipotropin
Enkephalins
Receptors, Opioid
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Health Fairs
Beer
Poetry as Topic
Zygoma
Behavior, Addictive
Recent progress in the neurotoxicology of natural drugs associated with dependence or addiction, their endogenous agonists and receptors. (1/653)
Nicotine in tobacco, tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) in marijuana and morphine in opium are well known as drugs associated with dependence or addiction. Endogenous active substances that mimic the effects of the natural drugs and their respective receptors have been found in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Such active substances and receptors include acetylcholine (ACh) and the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) for nicotine, anandamide and CB1 for delta 9-THC, and endomorphins (1 and 2) and the mu (OP3) opioid receptor for morphine, respectively. Considerable progress has been made in studies on neurotoxicity, in terms of the habituation, dependence and withdrawal phenomena associated with these drugs and with respect to correlations with endogenous active substances and their receptors. In this article we shall review recent findings related to the neurotoxicity of tobacco, marijuana and opium, and their toxic ingredients, nicotine, delta 9-THC and morphine in relation to their respective endogenous agents and receptors in the CNS. (+info)Activation of spinal opioid receptors contributes to hypotension after hemorrhage in conscious rats. (2/653)
Opioid receptors are activated during severe hemorrhage, resulting in sympathoinhibition and a profound fall in blood pressure. This study examined the location and subtypes of opioid receptors that might contribute to hypotension after hemorrhage. Intrathecal naloxone methiodide (100 nmol) abolished the fall in blood pressure after hemorrhage (1.5% of body wt; mean arterial pressure 122 +/- 8 mmHg after naloxone methiodide vs. 46 +/- 5 mmHg in controls, P < 0. 001). Intracisternal naloxone methiodide was less effective than intrathecal naloxone methiodide, whereas intravenous naloxone methiodide, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, did not alter the fall in blood pressure after hemorrhage. These results demonstrate that spinal opioid receptors contribute to hypotension after hemorrhage but do not exclude supraspinal effects. In separate experiments, the subtype-specific opioid antagonists ICI-174864 (delta-antagonist), norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI; kappa-antagonist), and H-D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP; mu-antagonist) were each administered intrathecally to determine the minimum dose that would attenuate hypotension during severe hemorrhage. These antagonists were effective at similar doses (3 nmol for CTOP, 6 nmol for ICI-174864, and 10 nmol for nor-BNI), although the binding affinities of these three different agents for their target receptors varied >1600-fold. Comparisons of the minimum effective doses of these antagonists in relation to their binding affinities provides strong evidence for the participation of delta-receptors in mediating hypotension after hemorrhage. In contrast, the dose at which nor-BNI was effective suggests an effect at delta-receptors but not kappa-receptors. The efficacy of CTOP, albeit at a high dose, also suggests an effect at mu-receptors. (+info)Antibodies and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to mu-opioid receptors, selectively block the effects of mu-opioid agonists on intestinal transit and permeability in mice. (3/653)
1. We have studied the effects of mu and delta opioids on intestinal function (permeability, PER; gastrointestinal transit, GIT), and their antagonism after the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of specific antibodies (ABs) or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) to mu-receptors (OR). Central versus peripheral site/s of action of subcutaneous (s.c.) mu-opioids, were also assessed. 2. Male Swiss CD-1 mice were used. GIT was measured with charcoal and PER by the passage of 51Cr-EDTA from blood to lumen. 3. Morphine and fentanyl (i.c.v. and s.c.) inhibited GIT and PER in a dose-related manner; they were more potent by i.c.v. route, both on GIT and PER (70 and 17 times for morphine and fentanyl). They also had a greater effect on GIT than PER (4.3 and 1.6 times). DPDPE had a lower potency than mu-agonists in all experiments, and no dose-response could be obtained after s.c. administration on GIT. 4. Pretreatment with i.c.v. ABs (24 h) or antisense ODN (5 days), decreased the effects (GIT and PER) of i.c.v. morphine and fentanyl, while those of DPDPE remained unchanged. The ABs did not alter the peripheral effects of mu-opioids. 5. The results show that (i.c.v. or s.c.) mu opioids produce dose-related inhibitions of PER and GIT, being more potent by the i.c.v. route. Delta-opioids had a greater effect on PER than GIT, while the opposite occurred for mu-agonists. Pretreatment with ABs or ODN to mu-OR, blocked the central effects of mu (but not delta) agonists on GIT and PER. (+info)In vivo signal transduction of nociceptive response by kyotorphin (tyrosine-arginine) through Galpha(i)- and inositol trisphosphate-mediated Ca(2+) influx. (4/653)
Kyotorphin is a dipeptidic neuropeptide (tyrosine-arginine) that has specific receptor coupled to G(i) and phospholipase C and elicits Met-enkephalin release. Here, we attempted to demonstrate the in vivo evidence for the presynaptic mechanism by analyzing its nociceptive responses after peripheral application. Kyotorphin elicited potent nociceptive flexor responses at extremely low doses between 0.1 and 100 fmol after the intraplantar injection into the hind-limb of mice. The site of action of kyotorphin-induced responses was identified to be on nociceptor endings, because the responses were markedly attenuated by intrathecal pretreatments with Galpha(i1) or Galpha(i2) antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides. Similar mechanisms were observed with histamine-induced nociceptive responses, except for the use of different antagonist and Galpha(q/11) antisense-oligodeoxynucleotide. Both responses were characterized to be mediated through inositol trisphosphate receptor-gated Ca(2+) influx, because they were blocked by xestospongin C, an allosteric antagonist for inositol trisphosphate receptor and EGTA, but not thapsigargin. Because the nociceptive responses by compound 48/80 through histamine-release from mast cells were completely abolished by thapsigargin, it is unlikely that the dose of thapsigargin is not sufficient to block both responses. All of these in vivo findings strongly support our previous view that kyotorphin elicits Ca(2+) influx through inositol trisphosphate receptor located at presynaptic plasma membranes. (+info)Elf-pulsed magnetic fields modulate opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells. (5/653)
OBJECTIVES: Magnetic fields have been shown to affect cell proliferation and growth factor expression in cultured cells. Although the activation of endorphin systems is a recurring motif among the biological events elicited by magnetic fields, compelling evidence indicating that magnetic fields may modulate opioid gene expression is still lacking. We therefore investigated whether extremely low frequency (ELF) pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) may affect opioid peptide gene expression and the signaling pathways controlling opioid peptide gene transcription in the adult ventricular myocyte, a cell type behaving both as a target and as a source for opioid peptides. METHODS: Prodynorphin gene expression was investigated in adult rat myocytes exposed to PMF by the aid of RNase protection and nuclear run-off transcription assays. In PMF-exposed nuclei, nuclear protein kinase C (PKC) activity was followed by measuring the phosphorylation rate of the acrylodan-labeled MARCKS peptide. The effect of PMF on the subcellular distribution of different PKC isozymes was assessed by immunoblotting. A radioimmunoassay procedure coupled to reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to monitor the expression of dynorphin B. RESULTS: Here, we show that PMF enhanced myocardial opioid gene expression and that a direct exposure of isolated myocyte nuclei to PMF markedly enhanced prodynorphin gene transcription, as in the intact cell. The PMF action was mediated by nuclear PKC activation but occurred independently from changes in PKC isozyme expression and enzyme translocation. PMF also led to a marked increase in the synthesis and secretion of dynorphin B. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrate that an opioid gene is activated by myocyte exposure to PMF and that the cell nucleus and nuclear embedded PKC are a crucial target for the PMF action. Due to the wide ranging importance of opioid peptides in myocardial cell homeostasis, the current data may suggest consideration for potential biological effects of PMF in the cardiovascular system. (+info)Intestinal transport and metabolism of glucose-conjugated kyotorphin and cyclic kyotorphin: metabolic degradation is crucial to intestinal absorption of peptide drugs. (6/653)
Intestinal transport and metabolism of modified kyotorphin (KTP) were studied in rats. Modified KTPs studied were C-terminally modified KTP with p-aminophenyl-beta-D-glucoside (KTP-pAPbeta glc), N-terminally modified KTP-pAPbeta glc with t-butyloxycarbonyl group (Boc-KTP-pAPbeta glc) and the N- and C-terminally modified KTP by cyclization (cyclic KTP). KTP-pAPbeta glc was metabolized at a similar rate to that of KTP, and did not appear on the serosal side. Although Boc-KTP-pAPbeta glc was also metabolized, it was more stable than KTP and appeared on the serosal side. Cyclic KTP was also quite stable and appeared on the serosal side. The modified KTPs were evaluated kinetically for absorption consisting of membrane transport and metabolism. Absorption clearance (CL(abs)) of cyclic KTP, Boc-KTP-pAPbeta glc and Boc-KTP was higher than that of KTP (0.247 microl/min/cm) (Mizuma et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1335 (1997) 111-119), which is the theoretical maximum by complete inhibition of peptidase activity, indicating that derivatization of KTP increases the membrane permeability. Furthermore, the data clearly showed that the greater the metabolic clearance (CL(met)) of KTP and the KTP derivatives, the lower the absorption clearance (CL(abs)). These results and further simulation study led to the conclusion that metabolic degradation in the intestinal tissues is more critical than membrane permeability (transport) for oral delivery of peptide drugs. Based on the stability of cyclic KTP in serum, this appears to be a good candidate analgesic peptide drug. (+info)Gene expression and peptide localization for LH/hCG receptor in porcine small and large luteal cells: possible regulation by opioid peptides. (7/653)
The aim of the present studies was to investigate (1) the presence of LH receptor (LHR) in porcine separated small (SLCs) and large (LLCs) luteal cells taken from mid-luteal corpora lutea and (2) the influence of opioid agonist, FK 33-824 (FK) on LHR gene expression in these cells. Immunocytochemistry revealed intense staining for LHR in both SLCs and LLCs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern hybridization were used to check the effect of FK and hCG on LHR gene expression. The LHR gene expression was observed in non-stimulated LLCs and in both types of cells after treatment with FK or hCG. FK stimulated LHR gene expression in SLCs and inhibited the gene expression in LLCs. Moreover, FK inhibited and potentiated stimulatory influence of hCG on the gene expression in LLCs and SLCs, respectively. These results suggest that LHR gene expression in porcine luteal cells can be regulated by opioid peptides. (+info)Opioid peptide gene expression primes cardiogenesis in embryonal pluripotent stem cells. (8/653)
Zinc finger-containing transcription factor GATA-4 and homeodomain Nkx-2.5 govern crucial developmental fates and have been found to promote cardiogenesis in embryonic cells exposed to the differentiating agent DMSO. Nevertheless, intracellular activators of these transcription factors are largely unknown. In this study, pluripotent P19 cells expressed the prodynorphin gene, an opioid gene encoding for the dynorphin family of opioid peptides. P19 cells were also able to synthesize and secrete dynorphin B, a biologically active end product of the prodynorphin gene. DMSO-primed GATA-4 and Nkx-2.5 gene expression was preceded by a marked increase in prodynorphin gene expression and dynorphin B synthesis and secretion. The DMSO effect occurred at the transcriptional level. In the absence of DMSO, dynorphin B triggered GATA-4 and Nkx-2.5 gene expression and led to the appearance of both alpha-myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain-2V transcripts, two markers of cardiac differentiation. Moreover, dynorphin B-exposed cells were positively stained in the presence of MF 20, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the alpha-myosin heavy chain. Opioid receptor antagonism and inhibition of opioid gene expression by a prodynorphin antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide blocked DMSO-induced cardiogenesis, suggesting an autocrine role of an opioid gene in developmental decisions. (+info)Endorphins are a type of neurotransmitter, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the nervous system and brain. The term "endorphin" comes from "endogenous morphine," reflecting the fact that these substances are produced naturally within the body and have effects similar to opiate drugs like morphine.
Endorphins are released in response to stress or pain, but they also occur naturally during exercise, excitement, laughter, love, and orgasm. They work by interacting with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain and promote feelings of pleasure and well-being. Endorphins also play a role in regulating various physiological processes, including appetite, mood, and sleep.
In summary, endorphins are natural painkillers and mood elevators produced by the body in response to stress, pain, or enjoyable activities.
Beta-endorphins are naturally occurring opioid peptides that are produced in the brain and other parts of the body. They are synthesized from a larger precursor protein called proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and consist of 31 amino acids. Beta-endorphins have potent analgesic effects, which means they can reduce the perception of pain. They also play a role in regulating mood, emotions, and various physiological processes such as immune function and hormonal regulation.
Beta-endorphins bind to opioid receptors in the brain and other tissues, leading to a range of effects including pain relief, sedation, euphoria, and reduced anxiety. They are released in response to stress, physical activity, and certain physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Beta-endorphins have been studied for their potential therapeutic uses in the treatment of pain, addiction, and mood disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of opioids, both illicit and prescription. It works by blocking the action of opioids on the brain and restoring breathing in cases where opioids have caused depressed respirations. Common brand names for naloxone include Narcan and Evzio.
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist, meaning that it binds to opioid receptors in the body without activating them, effectively blocking the effects of opioids already present at these sites. It has no effect in people who have not taken opioids and does not reverse the effects of other sedatives or substances.
Naloxone can be administered via intranasal, intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous routes. The onset of action varies depending on the route of administration but generally ranges from 1 to 5 minutes when given intravenously and up to 10-15 minutes with other methods.
The duration of naloxone's effects is usually shorter than that of most opioids, so multiple doses or a continuous infusion may be necessary in severe cases to maintain reversal of opioid toxicity. Naloxone has been used successfully in emergency situations to treat opioid overdoses and has saved many lives.
It is important to note that naloxone does not reverse the effects of other substances or address the underlying causes of addiction, so it should be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for individuals struggling with opioid use disorders.
Beta-lipotropin (β-LPH) is a 91-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), along with other bioactive peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH), and β-endorphin. It is produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland in response to stress or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation.
β-Lipotropin has been found to have several physiological functions, including the regulation of lipid metabolism, appetite control, and pain perception. It also exhibits opioid activity due to its ability to bind to opioid receptors in the brain, although its potency is much lower compared to other endogenous opioids like β-endorphin.
In addition to its role as a hormone, β-lipotropin has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the treatment of obesity and addiction. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical efficacy.
Enkephalins are naturally occurring opioid peptides that bind to opiate receptors in the brain and other organs, producing pain-relieving and other effects. They are derived from the precursor protein proenkephalin and consist of two main types: Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin. Enkephalins play a role in pain modulation, stress response, mood regulation, and addictive behaviors. They are also involved in the body's reward system and have been implicated in various physiological processes such as respiration, gastrointestinal motility, and hormone release.
Opioid receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) found in the cell membranes of certain neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. They bind to opioids, which are chemicals that can block pain signals and produce a sense of well-being. There are four main types of opioid receptors: mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin. These receptors play a role in the regulation of pain, reward, addiction, and other physiological functions. Activation of opioid receptors can lead to both therapeutic effects (such as pain relief) and adverse effects (such as respiratory depression and constipation).
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is a hormone produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. ACTH plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's stress response and has significant effects on various physiological processes.
The primary function of ACTH is to stimulate the adrenal glands, which are triangular-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands consist of two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. ACTH specifically targets the adrenal cortex, where it binds to specific receptors and initiates a series of biochemical reactions leading to the production and release of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol (a glucocorticoid) and aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid).
Cortisol is involved in various metabolic processes, such as regulating blood sugar levels, modulating the immune response, and helping the body respond to stress. Aldosterone plays a vital role in maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
ACTH release is controlled by the hypothalamus, another part of the brain, which produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete ACTH, which in turn triggers cortisol production in the adrenal glands. This complex feedback system helps maintain homeostasis and ensures that appropriate amounts of cortisol are released in response to various physiological and psychological stressors.
Disorders related to ACTH can lead to hormonal imbalances, resulting in conditions such as Cushing's syndrome (excessive cortisol production) or Addison's disease (insufficient cortisol production). Proper diagnosis and management of these disorders typically involve assessing the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and addressing any underlying issues affecting ACTH secretion.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Health Fairs" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, health fairs are community events organized to promote health awareness and education. They are often hosted by hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare organizations and feature various screenings, educational booths, and activities aimed at promoting overall wellness. Healthcare professionals may also be present to provide information, answer questions, and offer advice on a range of health-related topics.
Beer is a fermented alcoholic beverage typically made from malted barley, hops, water, and yeast. The brewing process involves steeping the malt in water to create a sugary solution called wort, which is then boiled with hops for flavor and preservation. After cooling, the wort is fermented with yeast, which converts the sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. There are many varieties of beer, including ales, lagers, stouts, and porters, that differ in their ingredients, brewing methods, and flavor profiles. The alcohol content of beer generally ranges from 3% to 12% ABV (alcohol by volume).
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poetry as Topic" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It seems to be a subject that falls under the humanities or arts, rather than being a medical concept. Poetry can sometimes be used in therapeutic settings as a form of expressive art therapy, but it is not a medical diagnosis or treatment. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Science" is a broad field that refers to a systematic and logical process used to discover how things in the universe work. It's not typically used as a medical term. However, within the context of medicine, "science" often refers to evidence-based practices, which are treatments and preventions that have been scientifically researched and proven to be effective. This could include areas like pharmacology (the study of drugs), pathophysiology (the study of changes in the body due to disease), or clinical trials (studies used to test new treatments). If you're looking for a specific medical term, could you please provide more context?
The zygoma is the scientific name for the cheekbone. It is a part of the facial skeleton that forms the prominence of the cheek and houses the maxillary sinus, one of the pairs of paranasal sinuses. The zygomatic bone, also known as the malar bone, contributes to the formation of the zygoma.
'Wine' is not typically defined in medical terms, but it is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of grape juice. It contains ethanol and can have varying levels of other compounds depending on the type of grape used, the region where it was produced, and the method of fermentation.
In a medical context, wine might be referred to in terms of its potential health effects, which can vary. Moderate consumption of wine, particularly red wine, has been associated with certain health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular health. However, heavy or excessive drinking can lead to numerous health problems, including addiction, liver disease, heart disease, and an increased risk of various types of cancer.
It's important to note that while moderate consumption may have some health benefits, the potential risks of alcohol consumption generally outweigh the benefits for many people. Therefore, it's recommended that individuals who do not currently drink alcohol should not start drinking for health benefits. Those who choose to drink should do so in moderation, defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
Addictive behavior is a pattern of repeated self-destructive behavior, often identified by the individual's inability to stop despite negative consequences. It can involve a variety of actions such as substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, drugs), gambling, sex, shopping, or using technology (e.g., internet, social media, video games).
These behaviors activate the brain's reward system, leading to feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. Over time, the individual may require more of the behavior to achieve the same level of pleasure, resulting in tolerance. If the behavior is stopped or reduced, withdrawal symptoms may occur.
Addictive behaviors can have serious consequences on an individual's physical, emotional, social, and financial well-being. They are often associated with mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. Treatment typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medication, and support groups to help the individual overcome the addiction and develop healthy coping mechanisms.
Endorphins
Endorphins (song)
Endorphin (band)
Endorphin (software)
Β-Endorphin
Γ-Endorphin
Endorphin (disambiguation)
Α-Endorphin
Embrace (Endorphin album)
Skin (Endorphin album)
AM PM (Endorphin album)
Enkephalin
Near-death studies
Theophilus London discography
Dan Peek
Music psychology
Ecophenotypic variation
Near-death experience
Sub Focus discography
Love Is a Four Letter Word (TV series)
Derek George Smyth
Opioid
Lena Scissorhands
Men's Health
Signal transduction
Leontice leontopetalum
Hypoalgesia
Ahmed Okasha
Endomorphin
Her Name Is Calla
Endorphins - Wikipedia
Endorphin WD Arctic - XIGMATEK
Women's Endorphin Edge - Running | Saucony
Knolly-Endorphin Photo Album - Pinkbike
Men's Endorphin Cheetah - Men | Saucony
Increase in plasma beta endorphins precedes vasodepressor syncope. | Heart
Rainy days, running & endorphins
Saucony Men's Endorphin Pro 3 Shoe - Moosejaw
NaturalMotion Releases endorphin 2.7 | Computer Graphics World
Popular high-intensity interval training leads to endorphin release in the brain
Saucony Men's Endorphin Edge Trail Running Shoes | Dick's Sporting Goods
Saucony Endorphin Elite Women's White/Gold - Holabird Sports
What are endorphins: nature's happy chemicals
Can infrasonic frequencies trigger the realise of endorphins in the body? | Naked Science Forum
Women's Saucony Endorphin Shift 3 Runshield
Saucony Endorphin Pro 3 - Gazelle Sports
Saucony Endorphin Elite Running Shoe | HiConsumption
Beta-endorphin concentrations in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of migraine and tension-type headache patients
endorphin junkie | Cathe Friedrich Fitness Forums
15387863 - endorphin · Lomography
Saucony Endorphin Pro
Julia Bondar - I Want Forbidden (EP - Endorphin.es Production) - SIDE-LINE MAGAZINE
Women's Saucony Endorphin Speed 2 | Marathon Sports
Saucony Endorphin Collection | achilles heel - Achilles Heel
Alcohol and Endorphins: 'Feel Good' Chemical Key to Problem Drinking?
How Long Do Endorphins Last After Exercise - Weight Loss, Diets, Nutrition & Exercise at The Diet Channel
Endorphin Pro 2, løpesko herre - Saucony | Oslo Sportslager
Beta-endorphin9
- As certain conditions such as asthma, opioid medications, and smoking may affect plasma beta-endorphin levels, study participants with a history of asthma, those who were smokers, and those who were taking opioid medications were excluded from the study. (hindawi.com)
- To determine the effect of beta-endorphin on the pituitary-adrenal axis, human synthetic beta-endorphin was infused iv in 10 normal human subjects. (nih.gov)
- Plasma ACTH and cortisol and serum human GH and PRL levels were measured 30 min before and then every 30 min for 210 min during and after both the beta-endorphin and control infusions. (nih.gov)
- In all subjects, cortisol levels decreased below the basal level in response to the infusion of beta-endorphin. (nih.gov)
- The results are consistent with short feedback loop inhibition of pituitary ACTH release or suppression of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor release by beta-endorphin. (nih.gov)
- Beta-endorphin attenuates the serum cortisol response to exogenous adrenocorticotropin. (nih.gov)
- The effect of beta-endorphin on basal and insulin-hypoglycaemia stimulated levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones in normal human subjects. (nih.gov)
- 23. Beta-endorphin-related peptides in the human pituitary. (nih.gov)
- Isolation and characterization of major immunoreactive peptides, including the formerly unrecognized peptide beta-endorphin 1-18. (nih.gov)
Men's Saucony Endorphin Speed3
- The men's Saucony Endorphin Speed 3 is available now. (fleetfeet.com)
- The men's Saucony Endorphin Speed 2 uses a unique nylon plate to give you versatile speed during training runs or races. (fleetfeet.com)
- With abrasion-resistant rubber placed strategically on the bottom of the shoe for better grip and durability, the men's Saucony Endorphin Speed 2 provides the boost you need to beat your best times. (fleetfeet.com)
SHIFT4
- Every run gets better in the Endorphin Shift 3. (dickpondathletics.com)
- Women's Endorphin Shift 3 - 8 / B Medium is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (athleticannex.com)
- The Endorphin Shift 3 has everything you need to tackle any type of workout. (athleticannex.com)
- The Endorphin Shift 2 is the definition of effortless performance. (solesportsrunning.com)
Produced in the pituitary gland1
- Endorphin precursors are primarily produced in the pituitary gland. (wikipedia.org)
Morphine7
- Endorphins (contracted from endogenous morphine) are peptides produced in the brain that block the perception of pain and increase feelings of wellbeing. (wikipedia.org)
- Wilhelm Feldberg and Derek George Smyth in 1977 confirmed this claim, finding β-endorphin to be much stronger than morphine. (wikipedia.org)
- Studies have subsequently distinguished between enkephalins, endorphins, and endogenously produced morphine, which is not a peptide. (wikipedia.org)
- The word endorphin is derived from ἔνδον / Greek: éndon meaning "within" (endogenous, ἐνδογενής / Greek: endogenes, "proceeding from within"), and morphine, from Morpheus (Ancient Greek: Μορφεύς, romanized: Morpheús), the god of dreams in the Greek mythology. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, endorphin is a contraction of 'endo(genous) (mo)rphin' (morphin being the old spelling of morphine). (wikipedia.org)
- Endorphins, substances with morphine-like effects, are produced by the central nervous system and the pituitary gland, being released especially during sustained physical effort. (cndb.ro)
- David Fisher, M.D., Ph.D., from Massachusetts General Hospital, and colleagues, investigated the effects of UV light in mice, to determine whether UV light stimulated changes in β-endorphin levels sufficient to result in addictive behaviors and dependence, similar to the response elicited by other opioids such as morphine. (nih.gov)
Pituitary6
- In 1976, Choh Hao Li and David Chung recorded the sequences of α-, β-, and γ-endorphin isolated from camel pituitary glands for their opioid activity. (wikipedia.org)
- α-endorphin and γ-endorphin are primarily found in the anterior and intermediate pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
- β-LPH, a pituitary hormone with little opiate activity, is then continually fragmented into different peptides, including α-endorphin, β-endorphin, and γ-endorphin. (wikipedia.org)
- Endorphins are released from the pituitary gland, typically in response to pain, and can act in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (wikipedia.org)
- In the PNS, β-endorphin is the primary endorphin released from the pituitary gland. (wikipedia.org)
- Endorphins are chemicals released by the pituitary gland and are responsible for that post-workout buzz. (healthifyme.com)
Endogenous3
- Endorphins are endogenous painkillers often produced in the brain and adrenal medulla during physical exercise or orgasm and inhibit pain, muscle cramps, and relieve stress. (wikipedia.org)
- The class of endorphins consists of three endogenous opioid peptides: α-endorphin, β-endorphin, and γ-endorphin. (wikipedia.org)
- β-endorphin is the most abundant endogenous [produced by the body] opioid, and plays a role in the reinforcement and reward circuits that underlie addiction. (nih.gov)
Body's natural3
- Learning more about how the consumption of various substances is triggered by the production of the body's natural opiates, in which areas of the brain greater endorphin binding occurs, and how other chemicals influence both the release and binding of endorphins will likely lead to the development of new and more effective drugs to treat alcoholism and other addictions. (counsellingresource.com)
- Endorphins are your body's natural painkiller! (thenaturalpainremedy.com)
- Opioids produce short-term positive feelings, by mimicking the body's natural endorphins or 'feel good' hormones. (healthychildren.org)
Peptide4
- Peptide convertase 2 (PC2) is responsible for cleaving β-LPH into β-endorphin and γ-lipotropin. (wikipedia.org)
- The opioid peptide β -endorphin is one of the most important mediators of both the immune response [ 3 , 4 ] and mental state [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Data gathered over the past decades indicate that β -endorphin is an important peptide for maintaining the homeostasis of behavioral, cognitive, and neuroendocrine functions and mediating the Th1-Th2-type response switch [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Another peptide produced from POMC is β-endorphin. (medlineplus.gov)
Saucony's3
- Saucony's celebrated Endorphin series is now fit for off-road adventure. (highsnobiety.com)
- The new ultra-light and ultra-fast Endorphin Speed 3 is Saucony's second fastest racer ever (after Endorphin PRO). (runandbecome.com)
- Combined with ultralight PWRRUN PB foam and Saucony's SPEEDROLL shape technology, the Endorphin Speed 2 delivers incredible springiness and energy return. (fleetfeet.com)
Hormones1
- Endorphins are the miracle hormones found in everybody that kill pain, provide the foundation for good health and create physical sensations of enjoyment. (williambloom.com)
Addiction4
- They also observed that UV exposure raises endorphin levels in mice, which leads the animals to display behavior consistent with opioid addiction. (medscape.com)
- Prolonged ultraviolet (UV) light exposure results in an increase of a substance known as β-endorphin, a chemical produced by the body that reduces sensitivity to pain and is associated with addiction, according to a study conducted in mice and funded in part by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). (nih.gov)
- The next step is to pinpoint the brain region or regions of β-endorphin action, and then use this information to identify potential therapeutic targets for treating tanning addiction. (nih.gov)
- Skin β-Endorphin Mediates Addiction to UV Light. (nih.gov)
Goldstruck6
- Can I earn Cash Back on Saucony Men's Endorphin Speed 3 Shoe - 11.5 - Black / Goldstruck? (rakuten.com)
- You can earn Cash Back on Saucony Men's Endorphin Speed 3 Shoe - 11.5 - Black / Goldstruck. (rakuten.com)
- Is there a Black Friday deal for the Saucony Men's Endorphin Speed 3 Shoe - 11.5 - Black / Goldstruck? (rakuten.com)
- It's possible that the Saucony Men's Endorphin Speed 3 Shoe - 11.5 - Black / Goldstruck will have a deal on Black Friday. (rakuten.com)
- Saucony Men's Endorphin Speed 3 Shoe - 11.5 - Black / Goldstruck might have a deal on Cyber Monday. (rakuten.com)
- Can I see customer reviews and ratings for the Saucony Men's Endorphin Speed 3 Shoe - 11.5 - Black / Goldstruck? (rakuten.com)
Peptides2
- Eric J. Simon, who independently discovered opioid receptors, later termed these peptides as endorphins. (wikipedia.org)
- Opioid peptides are classified based on their precursor propeptide: all endorphins are synthesized from the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC), encoded by proenkephalin A, and dynorphins encoded by pre-dynorphin. (wikipedia.org)
Trail2
- Geared towards speed and cushioning on the trails, the Endorphin Trail is a max-cushioned runner that is primed and ready for varied terrain. (highsnobiety.com)
- The all-new Endorphin Trail just touched ground. (solesportsrunning.com)
Serum3
- The serum β -endorphin level was determined by enzyme immunoassay, and the serum-specific IgE and total IgE levels were determined by immunoblot assay. (hindawi.com)
- In this study, we investigated the serum β -endorphin level in patients with AR and in healthy controls and evaluated the associations between the serum β -endorphin level and RQLQ scores as well as total IgE grade in the symptomatic stage in AR patients. (hindawi.com)
- Serum samples were collected from all patients and healthy volunteers between 8 AM and 10 AM and stored at −80°C within 1 h until the assay for IgE and β -endorphin levels. (hindawi.com)
PWRRUN PB2
- De Endorphin Edge zit vol met PWRRUN PB-schuimdemping en een Carbitex™-koolstofvezelplaat die er voor zorgt dat je sneller vooruit komt. (saucony.com)
- The Endorphin Pro 2 combines ultralight and springy PWRRUN PB cushioning with our signature S-curve carbon fiber plate for maximum SPEEDROLL effect. (gazellesports.com)
Opioid receptors1
- Attachment of β-endorphin to proteins in the brain called opioid receptors stimulates signaling for pain relief. (medlineplus.gov)
Elite3
- The Endorphin Elite launches me forward, and when I look down at my watch, I'm excited about a faster split. (saucony.com)
- I've tested and raced in the Endorphin Elite - and it's incredible. (saucony.com)
- The Endorphin speed 3 is an elite daily trainer capable of everything you can throw at it. (fleetfeet.com)
Chemicals1
- Physical activity releases chemicals, such as endorphins, in your brain that can help you feel better. (nih.gov)
Runners4
- Runners who tried the Saucony Endorphin Pro 3 and want a softer, more relaxed ride. (holabirdsports.com)
- While the Endorphin PRO is designed only for racing, the Endorphin Speed, with its progressive technologies, is available to athletes and runners of all levels. (runandbecome.com)
- The Endorphin Speed 2 is great for runners who want to shave seconds off their PRs. (fleetfeet.com)
- The Saucony Endorphin Speed 3 is a great shoe for those runners who are working on their speed and want a lightweight shoe that propels them forward. (fleetfeet.com)
Researchers2
- The researchers were particularly interested in how alcohol consumption affects the release of endorphins in two particular regions of the brain: the nucleus accumbens and the orbitofrontal cortex. (counsellingresource.com)
- Researchers have long known that the release of endorphins plays a role in a variety of addictive behaviors. (counsellingresource.com)
Sale1
- Offer excludes sale and Endorphin Collection styles. (saucony.com)
Shortest1
- α-endorphin has the shortest sequence, and β-endorphin has the longest sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Review1
- In our Saucony Endorphin Speed 3 review , one tester noted, "The upper is simply perfect. (fleetfeet.com)
POMC1
- All three types of endorphins are fragments of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). (wikipedia.org)
Mice3
- Elevated blood β-endorphin levels were detected in the mice after just one week, and levels remained high throughout the six-week period. (nih.gov)
- In contrast, control mice that were subjected to non-UV light (mock treatment) showed no significant changes in β-endorphin levels, and no significant increase in pain threshold. (nih.gov)
- The investigators then administered the same UV treatment to mice that were engineered to lack β-endorphin. (nih.gov)
Proopiomelanocortin1
- The endorphins are all synthesized from the precursor protein, proopiomelanocortin, and all contain a Met-enkephalin motif at their N-terminus: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met. (wikipedia.org)
Produces1
- Based in cutting edge discoveries from medical science, he reveals a revolutionary method that produces endorphins whenever you want and gives you access to an infinite supply of health-giving vitality and energy. (williambloom.com)
Albuquerque2
- Founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico in 2003 as a nonprofit agency, Endorphin Power Company is a transitional living program that offers a safe space for people experiencing homelessness as a result of substance abuse. (guidestar.org)
- This project was started on October 1st, 2007, due to the generous donation of 25 computers to the The Endorphin Power Company by Charter Bank of Albuquerque, New Mexico. (ubuntu.com)
Lightweight3
- The incredibly lightweight Saucony Endorphin Speed 2 uses a unique nylon plate to shave seconds off your PR. (fleetfeet.com)
- Fast and lightweight, yet durable enough for everyday training, the Saucony Endorphin Speed 3 will help you run to your next personal best. (fleetfeet.com)
- You will love the Saucony Endorphin Speed 3 for its lightweight feel, responsiveness and propulsiveness. (fleetfeet.com)
Release4
- Endorphins inhibit transmission of pain signals by binding μ-receptors of peripheral nerves, which block their release of neurotransmitter substance P. The mechanism in the CNS is similar but works by blocking a different neurotransmitter: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). (wikipedia.org)
- But among the problem drinkers there was a positive correlation between the subjective perception of drunkenness and the degree of endorphin release and binding in the brain's orbitofrontal cortex. (counsellingresource.com)
- And studies conducted on animals have demonstrated that the release of endorphins increases ethanol consumption. (counsellingresource.com)
- There is also some evidence that altered endorphin release contributes to problem drinkers' tendency to drink more than non-problem drinkers in order to to feel the same subjective level of euphoria. (counsellingresource.com)
Brain1
- There were no differences between the groups with respect to the subjective perception of intoxication and the degree to which endorphins were released in the nucleus accumbens region of the brain. (counsellingresource.com)
Pace2
- Push the pace in the Saucony Endorphin Speed 3! (holabirdsports.com)
- It debuted at the head of the pack, and now the Endorphin Pro 2 is here to rewrite your pace. (dickpondathletics.com)
Swift1
- Meet the Endorphin Speed 3-a shoe that's the definition of swift. (runnersden.com)
Insights1
- In this superb text, William Bloom provides very engaging insights into the effect that endorphins have upon our emotions and higher states of consciousness. (williambloom.com)
Levels1
- Their pain threshold rose at a rate that paralleled that of the UV-induced increase in β-endorphin levels in blood. (nih.gov)
Collection1
- In their effort to support sustainability, many of their popular running shoes have started using 100% recycled uppers, like their Saucony Endorphin Collection, Triumph, Omni, Kinvara or Excursion. (runandbecome.com)
Activity2
- Some studies have characterized α-endorphin activity as similar to that of psychostimulants and γ-endorphin activity to that of neuroleptics separately. (wikipedia.org)
- In part, these findings suggest that problem drinkers might experience a subjectively greater "high" compared to social drinkers as the result of increased endorphin activity in critical regions of their brains. (counsellingresource.com)
Found1
- Hi William I was just looking through your book The Endorphin Effect this evening and found it very comforting giving me the sense I could " start again. (williambloom.com)
Treatment1
- Endorphin is a systemic biomarker that has the potential to assess the impairment level in AR and may therefore be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AR. (hindawi.com)
POWER COMPANY1
- The New Mexico Ubuntu LoCo is in the process of installing the Ubuntu operating system on the donated computers, as well as negotiating a service level agreement to provide limited support and training for The Endorphin Power Company. (ubuntu.com)
Produce1
- In addition to their analgesic properties and the fact that they can produce euphoric states, endorphins are some of the most effective natural immunomodulators. (cndb.ro)
Feel Good2
- Alcohol and Endorphins: 'Feel Good' Chemical Key to Problem Drinking? (counsellingresource.com)
- Feel good' endorphins may be activated differently in the brains of social drinkers as compared to problem drinkers, according to recent neuroscience research. (counsellingresource.com)
Result1
- α-endorphin and γ-endorphin result from proteolytic cleavage of β-endorphin between the Thr(16)-Leu(17) residues and Leu(17)-Phe(18) respectively. (wikipedia.org)