Arthrodermataceae
Trichophyton
Microsporum
Tinea Pedis
Tinea
Onychomycosis
Phylogenetic classification and species identification of dermatophyte strains based on DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions. (1/34)
The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences. Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, all Trichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestre form a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). The Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum form the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these "species" of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database. (+info)Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes: establishing a medium for inducing conidial growth and evaluation of susceptibility of clinical isolates. (2/34)
A standardized reference method for dermatophyte in vitro susceptibility testing is lacking. In a previous study, Norris et al. (H. A. Norris, B. E. Elewski, and M. A. Ghannoum, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40(6, part 2):S9-S13) established the optimal medium and other growth variables. However, the earlier study did not address two issues: (i) selection of an optimal medium for conidial formation by dermatophytes and (ii) validation of the method with a large number of dermatophytes. The present study addresses these two points. To select which agar medium best supported conidial growth, representative isolates of dermatophytes were grown on different agars. Preliminary experiments showed that only oatmeal cereal agar supported the production of conidia by Trichophyton rubrum. We tested the abilities of 251 T. rubrum isolates to form conidia using three different cereal agars and potato dextrose agar. Overall, oatmeal cereal and rice agar media were comparable in their abilities to support T. rubrum conidial growth. Next, we used the oatmeal cereal agar for conidial formation along with the optimal conditions for dermatophyte susceptibility testing proposed by Norris et al. and determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 217 dermatophytes to fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Relative to the other agents tested, terbinafine possessed the highest antifungal activity against all of the dermatophytes. The mean +/- standard error of the mean MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin were 2.07 +/- 0.29, 0.13 +/- 0.01, 0.002 +/- 0.0003, and 0.71 +/- 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. This study is the first step in the identification of optimal conditions that could be used for the standardization of the antifungal susceptibility testing method for dermatophytes. Inter- and intralaboratory agreement as well as clinical correlations need to be established. (+info)Isolation of dermatophytes, Candida species and systemic fungi from dermatologic specimens in Montreal, 1963 to 1973. (3/34)
Of 10 057 specimens of scrapings from skin, nails and scalp examined for dermatophytes, yeasts, pityriasis versicolor and systemic mycoses between 1963 and 1973, 30.4 percent were positive for fungi. Skin produced the highest proportion (68.6 percent) of positive scrapings, scalp the lowest (4.2 percent). Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species (23.6 percent); of lesser prevalence were Microsporum canis (9.3 percent), T. mentagrophytes (8.4 percent) and Epidermophyton floccosum (4.8 percent). Double infections were encountered on 102 occasions; T. rubrum and Candida parapsilosis were the most frequent cohabiting species. The introduction in 1966 of periodic acid-Schiff staining for routine examination of scrapings resulted in better diagnostic results, particularly in the case of culturally nonproductive specimens and cases of pityriasis versicolor. Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cryptococcus neoformans were isolated from two patients in the course of routine investigation for dermatophytes. (+info)Application of PCR to distinguish common species of dermatophytes. (4/34)
This report describes the application of PCR fingerprinting for the identification of species and varieties of common dermatophytes and related fungi utilizing as a single primer the simple repetitive oligonucleotide (GACA)(4). The primer was able to amplify all the strains, producing species-specific profiles for Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton ajelloi, and Epidermophyton floccosum. Intraspecific variability was not observed for these species. Instead, three different profiles were observed in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes group. (+info)Use of the sensititre colorimetric microdilution panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. (5/34)
The Sensititre YeastOne antifungal panel was used to test 49 dermatophytes belonging to the species Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The MICs of four antifungals obtained with the Sensititre YeastOne antifungal panel were compared with those obtained by the reference NCCLS microdilution method. The levels of agreement between the two methods (A comparative survey of serum androgenic hormones levels between male patients with dermatophytosis and normal subjects. (6/34)
Fungal growth can be influenced by human physiological mediators such as androgenic hormones. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between androgenic hormones and susceptibility to dermatophytosis. To this purpose we measured the levels of testosterone, androstendione, and dehydroepianderosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in 60 male patients with dermatophytosis due to Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton rubrum by enzyme link immunoassay. Serum testosterone concentration was found to be significantly lower in patients with E. floccosum than in healthy subjects. No significant differences in androstendione and DHEA-S levels were noted between the patients and the healthy individuals. The results showed that testosterone concentration can be considered a predisposing factor for tinea cruris infection. (+info)Tinea unguium in the north-west of Iran (1996-2004). (7/34)
Tinea unguium is a common mycosis in many part of the world including Iran. The prevalence of this mycosis varied depending on time, health level and geographical location. To stabilise the etiological, epidemiological and risk factors of tinea unguium in North-west Iran, a study of patients with suspected dermatophyte infections of their nails was carried out between 1996 and 2004. During this study 590 (354 females and 236 males) patients with clinical presentation of fungal infection in fingernails, toenails or in the both sites, were investigated using direct microscopy and culture of clinical samples. Tinea unguium was documented in 41 cases (7%) and among positive cases, 16 cases (39% total positive cases) were female and 25 cases (61% total positive cases) were male. Seventeen patients (41% total positive cases) had tinea unguium in their finger nails and 24 patients (59% total positive cases) had infection in their toe nails. According to the isolated etiologic agent, 66% (19 cases) of tinea unguium infections were caused by zoophilic drematophytes, 31% (9 cases) were caused by anthropophilic drematophytes and 3% (1 case) were caused by geophilic dermatophytes. With regard of sex, tinea unguium did not show a significant difference. The highest prevalence of tinea unguium was found in patients between 11 and 40 years of age. In conclusion the current results identified the etiological agents and epidemiological aspects of tinea unguium in North-west Iran. Tinea unguium in this region is associated with animal husbandry and direct or indirect contact with their products (wool, leather). (+info)Single-step PCR using (GACA)4 primer: utility for rapid identification of dermatophyte species and strains. (8/34)
(+info)'Epidermophyton' is a genus of fungi that can cause skin and nail infections in humans. These types of infections are known as dermatophytoses or ringworm infections. The most common species that infect humans is Epidermophyton floccosum, which tends to cause infections of the feet (athlete's foot), nails, and groin (jock itch).
Epidermophyton fungi thrive on keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails. They invade the dead outer layers of the skin or nails, causing inflammation, itching, scaling, and other symptoms. The infections can be spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated objects like towels, shoes, or floors.
To diagnose an Epidermophyton infection, a healthcare professional may collect a sample from the affected area and examine it under a microscope for the presence of fungal elements. The diagnosis can also be confirmed through culture methods, where the sample is grown on specialized media to identify the specific fungal species.
Treatment for Epidermophyton infections typically involves topical or oral antifungal medications, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Preventive measures such as keeping the skin clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items, and wearing breathable footwear can help reduce the risk of contracting and spreading these types of infections.
Arthrodermataceae is a family of fungi that includes several medically important dermatophytes, which are fungi that can cause skin and nail infections known as tinea. Some notable genera within this family include:
1. Trichophyton: This genus contains several species that can cause various types of tinea infections, such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (tinea corporis), and jock itch (tinea cruris). Some species can also cause nail infections (tinea unguium or onychomycosis).
2. Microsporum: This genus includes some of the less common causes of tinea infections, such as tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) and tinea corporis.
3. Epidermophyton: This genus contains species that can cause tinea infections of the feet, hands, and nails.
These fungi primarily feed on keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, and typically invade dead or damaged tissue. Infections caused by Arthrodermataceae are usually treatable with antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection.
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi that are primarily responsible for causing various superficial and cutaneous infections in humans and animals. These infections, known as dermatophytoses or ringworm, typically involve the skin, hair, and nails. Some common examples of diseases caused by Trichophyton species include athlete's foot (T. rubrum), jock itch (T. mentagrophytes), and scalp ringworm (T. tonsurans).
The fungi in the Trichophyton genus are called keratinophilic, meaning they have a preference for keratin, a protein found in high concentrations in skin, hair, and nails. This characteristic allows them to thrive in these environments and cause infection. The specific species of Trichophyton involved in an infection will determine the clinical presentation and severity of the disease.
In summary, Trichophyton is a medical term referring to a group of fungi that can cause various skin, hair, and nail infections in humans and animals.
Microsporum is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae. These fungi are known to cause various types of tinea (ringworm) infections in humans and animals. They are characterized by their ability to produce large, thick-walled macroconidia that are typically round to oval in shape.
The most common species of Microsporum that infect humans include M. canis, M. audouinii, and M. gypsum. These fungi are often found in soil and on the skin or fur of animals such as cats, dogs, and cattle. They can cause a variety of skin infections, including tinea capitis (scalp ringworm), tinea corporis (body ringworm), and tinea unguium (nail ringworm).
Microsporum infections are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications. Prevention measures include good personal hygiene, avoiding contact with infected animals, and prompt treatment of any fungal infections.
Tinea Pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. The causative agents are dermatophytes, which thrive in warm and damp environments. Common symptoms include itching, burning, cracked, blistered, or scaly skin, and sometimes painful peeling or cracking of the skin. It is contagious and can spread to other parts of the body or to other people through direct contact or via contaminated surfaces. Proper hygiene, keeping the feet dry, and using antifungal medications are common methods of preventing and treating this condition.
Tinea is a common fungal infection of the skin, also known as ringworm. It's called ringworm because of its characteristic red, circular, and often scaly rash with raised edges that can resemble a worm's shape. However, it has nothing to do with any kind of actual worm.
The fungi responsible for tinea infections belong to the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton. These fungi thrive in warm, damp environments and can be contracted from infected people, animals, or contaminated soil. Common types of tinea infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis).
Treatment for tinea typically involves antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the location and severity of the infection. Proper hygiene and avoiding sharing personal items can help prevent the spread of this contagious condition.
Dermatomycoses are a group of fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Dermatophyte infections, also known as tinea, are the most common type of dermatomycoses and can affect different areas of the body, such as the scalp (tinea capitis), beard (tinea barbae), body (tinea corporis), feet (tinea pedis or athlete's foot), hands (tinea manuum), and nails (tinea unguium or onychomycosis). Yeast infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans, can lead to conditions like candidal intertrigo, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Mold infections are less common but can cause skin disorders like scalded skin syndrome and phaeohyphomycosis. Dermatomycoses are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications.
Onychomycosis is a medical term that refers to a fungal infection in the nails (both fingernails and toenails). This condition occurs when fungi, usually dermatophytes, invade the nail bed and cause damage to the nail plate. It can lead to symptoms such as discoloration, thickening, crumbling, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Onychomycosis can be challenging to treat and may require long-term antifungal therapy, either topical or oral, or even removal of the infected nail in severe cases.
Antifungal agents are a type of medication used to treat and prevent fungal infections. These agents work by targeting and disrupting the growth of fungi, which include yeasts, molds, and other types of fungi that can cause illness in humans.
There are several different classes of antifungal agents, including:
1. Azoles: These agents work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. Examples of azole antifungals include fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.
2. Echinocandins: These agents target the fungal cell wall, disrupting its synthesis and leading to fungal cell death. Examples of echinocandins include caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin.
3. Polyenes: These agents bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores that lead to fungal cell death. Examples of polyene antifungals include amphotericin B and nystatin.
4. Allylamines: These agents inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol synthesis. Examples of allylamine antifungals include terbinafine and naftifine.
5. Griseofulvin: This agent disrupts fungal cell division by binding to tubulin, a protein involved in fungal cell mitosis.
Antifungal agents can be administered topically, orally, or intravenously, depending on the severity and location of the infection. It is important to use antifungal agents only as directed by a healthcare professional, as misuse or overuse can lead to resistance and make treatment more difficult.
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Trichophyton18
- The main difference between Microsporum Trichophyton and Epidermophyton is that Microsporum is a zoophilic dermatophyte, and Trichophyton is both zoophilic and anthropophilic, whereas Epidermophyton is an anthropophilic dermatophyte. (pediaa.com)
- Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are three types of dermatophytes that belong to the division Ascomycota . (pediaa.com)
- Microsporum, Trichophyton , and Epidermophyton are three types of fungi genera that are dermatophytes. (pediaa.com)
- Microsporum refers to a genus of fungi that causes tinea capitis, tinea corporis, ringworm, and other dermatophytoses (fungal infections of the skin), and Trichophyton refers to a genus of fungi of the family Moniliaceae that are parasitic in the skin and hair follicles, while Epidermophyton refers to a genus of fungus causing superficial and cutaneous mycoses, including E. floccosum. (pediaa.com)
- Microsporum is a zoophilic dermatophyte, Trichophyton is both zoophilic and anthropophilic while Epidermophyton is an anthropophilic dermatophyte. (pediaa.com)
- Furthermore, Microsporum contains both macroconidia and microconidia, and Trichophyton contains only microconidia, while Epidermophyton contains only macroconidia. (pediaa.com)
- From the Greek derma (skin) + phyton (plant), dermatophytes are a group of 3 genera of filamentous fungi ( Microsporum , Epidermophyton , and Trichophyton ) that have the ability to invade keratinized tissues and cause superficial infections in humans and animals ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
- C lotrimazole exhibits fungistatic and fungicidal activity against isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Candida spp. (medi-vet.com)
- Athlete's foot occurs when your feet are regularly exposed to moisture, such as sweat, which allows fungi like Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton mentagrophytes , and Epidermophyton floccosum to grow ( 1 ). (healthline.com)
- Extracts of neem leaf, neem oil seed kernels are effective against certain fungi including Trichophyton , Epidermophyton , Microspor Trichosporon , Geotricum and Candida . (infinityfoundation.com)
- Majocchi granuloma is most often caused by Trichophyton rubrum and less commonly by Trichophyton mentagrophytes or Epidermophyton floccosum . (logicalimages.com)
- Onychomycosis {disease of the nails of the fingers and toes caused by Epidermophyton floccosum, several species of Trichophyton, and Candida albicans. (pharmacology2000.com)
- It is the proliferation of dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton Rubrum, Trichophyton Interdigitale, or Epidermophyton Flocossum. (myfootdr.com.au)
- Dermatophytes, a group of closely-related fungi, are divided into three genera: Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. (ivoryresearch.com)
- The FDA approved luliconazole, a novel imidazole drug, in November 2013 for the topical treatment of athlete's foot (interdigital tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm (tinea corporis) caused by the organisms Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum, in patients ≥18 years of age. (skintherapyletter.com)
- [2] They are typically of the Trichophyton , Microsporum , or Epidermophyton type. (wikipedia.org)
- CONCLUSION: Trichophyton species are the predominant agents of infection in Nghean province, while Epidermophyton species is absent. (bvsalud.org)
- Human infections are caused by Epidermophyton , Microsporum , and Trichophyton species. (msdmanuals.com)
Floccosum4
- Epidermophyton is a genus of fungus causing superficial and cutaneous mycoses, including E. floccosum, and causes tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (fungal infection of the nail bed). (wikipedia.org)
- Epidermophyton floccosum in LPCB mount is showing smooth thin-walled macroconidia which are often produced in clusters growing directly from the hyphae. (universe84a.com)
- The colour may vary from pale-buff to yellow, which may resemble Epidermophyton floccosum , to dark-brown. (edu.au)
- Epidermophyton floccosum was not reported. (bvsalud.org)
Anthropophilic1
- Apart from that, Epidermophyton is an anthropophilic dermatophyte that prefers infecting humans. (pediaa.com)
Rubrum1
- Polyépidermomycose disséminée due à Epidermophyton inguinale et à Epidermophyton rubrum. (nih.gov)
Microsporum1
- Microsporum, Epidermophyton), are known. (dokumen.tips)
Dermatophytes1
- Dermatophytes ( Epidermophyton spp. (wikidoc.org)