Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a vertebral body; ANALGESIA, EPIDURAL; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, URINARY INCONTINENCE, and FECAL INCONTINENCE. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.
Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.
Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.
'Spinal diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the structural integrity, function, or health of the spinal column, including degenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries, neoplasms, and congenital abnormalities.
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
'Osteomyelitis' is a medical condition defined as an inflammation or infection of the bone or marrow, often caused by bacteria or fungi, which can lead to symptoms such as pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected area, and may require antibiotics or surgical intervention for treatment.
Abscess of the PSOAS MUSCLES resulting usually from disease of the lumbar vertebrae, with the pus descending into the muscle sheath. The infection is most commonly tuberculous or staphylococcal.
A subset of VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI, but the species in this group differ in their hemolytic pattern and diseases caused. These species are often beta-hemolytic and produce pyogenic infections.
An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.
The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.
Infections with bacteria of the family PASTEURELLACEAE.
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
Single or multiple areas of PUS due to infection by any ameboid protozoa (AMEBIASIS). A common form is caused by the ingestion of ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.
The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Spinal epidural abscess - a report of six cases. (1/110)

Six cases of spinal epidural abscess are presented. All patients were young with no predisposing conditions. All were treated with laminectomy and intravenous antibiotics. The patients with no neurological deficit recovered completely, while patients with pre-existing neurological deficit had a poorer outcome. Emphasis is given to early detection and surgical management to prevent irreversible damage to the spinal cord.  (+info)

Use of linezolid, an oxazolidinone, in the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. (2/110)

We report our experience with linezolid in an investigation of its use against resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. Fifteen patients who had renal failure (n=6), recent liver transplantation (n=5) or surgery (n=6), cancer (n=3), endocarditis (n=2), or human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=1), along with infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), and 2 patients with infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species who had adverse reactions to vancomycin were treated with linezolid (600 mg every 12 h for 5-42 days (mean+/-SD, 20.5+/-3.5 days). Abscess drainage or prosthetic device removal was undertaken. Microbiological cure occurred in all 10 patients who completed therapy, and all 7 patients alive at follow-up were free of infection. No deaths were attributable to the index infection. Adverse events associated with linezolid use were mild leukopenia in 1 patient and nausea in another. It appears that administration of linezolid, in conjunction with surgical intervention or device removal, is an effective treatment option for serious resistant gram-positive bacterial infections.  (+info)

Spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess due to Candida albicans. (3/110)

A 32-year-old woman, addicted to heroin, presented with a dorsal spondylodiscitis due to Candida albicans associated with epidural abscess. Antimycotic treatment was successful, and no neurosurgical decompression was necessary. To our knowledge, this is the first case of documented epidural involvement in candidal spondylodiscitis. The diagnosis of candidal spondylodiscitis should be considered in cases of para- or tetraplegia occurring in intravenous drug abusers.  (+info)

Spinal epidural abscess following blunt pelvic trauma. (4/110)

A 17-year-old patient with pre-existing grade II spondylolisthesis of L5/S1 sustained a partial disruption of the left sacroiliac joint with haematoma of the iliac muscle after a fall. The haematoma probably led to occlusion of the left ureter, resulting in a urinary tract infection. After initial conservative treatment the patient developed fever and radicular pain of the left leg. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left-sided epidural abscess at L5/S1, which had probably spread from the infected iliac haematoma along the injured sacroiliac joint. Prompt surgical drainage and antibiotic coverage with cefuroxime and flucloxacillin led to rapid clinical improvement. Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the pathogen. At follow-up 6 months postoperatively all symptoms had resolved, while MRI still revealed residual osseous oedema of the sacroiliac joint. The haematoma of the iliac muscle resolved without surgical intervention.  (+info)

Streptococcus pneumoniae spinal infection in Nottingham, United Kingdom: not a rare event. (5/110)

Pneumonia and meningitis are the most frequent manifestations of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Spinal infection is considered to be a rarity. Between 1985 and 1997, 8 patients with spinal infection (vertebral osteomyelitis, 3; spinal epidural abscess, 1; both, 4) due to S. pneumoniae were seen at University Hospital (Nottingham, U.K.). Predisposing factors for pneumococcal infection were documented for five patients and included diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, and corticosteroid therapy. One patient presented with concomitant meningitis and endocarditis. Clinical features of note were prolonged symptoms and a lack of febrile response. S. pneumoniae was isolated from the blood of five patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to localize the spinal infection in five patients. Two cases were managed medically. Three patients died after a protracted illness. A literature search revealed 20 other cases of spinal infections due to S. pneumoniae. The salient features of the cases are summarized.  (+info)

Spinal epidural abscesses in children: a 15-year experience and review of the literature. (6/110)

We reviewed medical records and laboratory and diagnostic evaluations for 8 pediatric patients with spinal epidural abscesses who were treated during the last 15 years at our institution. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 5 of 8 epidural abscesses, including 2 abscesses with methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Unusual isolates were group B Streptococcus in a patient with chronic vesicouretral reflux associated with the posterior urethral valves and Aspergillus flavus in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. An analysis incorporating our results and a review of the English-language literature about abscesses in children and adults revealed differences related to age. Abscesses in children were more posterior in epidural location, had greater spinal column extension, and were associated with more favorable clinical outcomes than were abscesses in adults. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic procedure of choice; however, radionuclide bone scans should be considered for associated distant osteomyelitis in children. Prompt diagnosis and combined medical and surgical treatment remain the cornerstones for the prevention of adverse outcomes.  (+info)

Inappropriate medical management of spinal epidural abscess. (7/110)

A 67 year old man with longstanding rheumatoid disease was referred to the regional spinal surgery unit with acute onset of paraparesis due to an extensive spinal epidural abscess of the lumbar spine. Ten months previously, he had started antibiotic treatment at another hospital for an epidural abscess arising at the level of the L2-3 disc space. Despite completing seven months of medical treatment with appropriate antibiotics, he had a recrudescence of acute back pain shortly after restarting methotrexate treatment. Urgent anterior spinal decompression with excision of the necrotic vertebral bodies of L1-3 was performed. The indications for the surgical management of spinal epidural abscess are reviewed.  (+info)

Diffusion-weighted imaging in a patient with vertebral and epidural abscesses. (8/110)

In this report, we describe the appearance of the spinal vertebral body and epidural abscesses in a patient who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging of the spine and CT-guided aspiration of one of the abscesses. The abscesses were hyperintense relative to the surrounding tissues on diffusion-weighted images, and they appeared dark on apparent diffusion coefficient maps; these findings were consistent with those of published reports of the brain and liver.  (+info)

An epidural abscess is a localized collection of pus (abscess) in the epidural space, which is the potential space between the dura mater (the outermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord) and the vertebral column. The infection typically occurs as a result of bacterial invasion into this space and can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerves, leading to serious neurological deficits if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Epidural abscesses can occur in any part of the spine but are most commonly found in the lumbar region. They may develop as a complication of a nearby infection, such as a skin or soft tissue infection, or as a result of hematogenous spread (spread through the bloodstream) from a distant site of infection. Risk factors for developing an epidural abscess include diabetes, intravenous drug use, spinal surgery, and spinal instrumentation.

Symptoms of an epidural abscess may include back pain, fever, neck stiffness, weakness or numbness in the limbs, and bladder or bowel dysfunction. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, along with laboratory tests to identify the causative organism. Treatment usually consists of surgical drainage of the abscess and administration of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and prevent further neurological damage.

An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

Discitis is a medical condition that refers to an inflammation of the intervertebral disc space, which is the area between two adjacent vertebrae in the spine. The condition is usually caused by an infection, most commonly bacterial, that spreads to the disc space from nearby tissues or the bloodstream.

The symptoms of discitis may include lower back pain, fever, and difficulty walking or standing upright. In some cases, the condition may also cause nerve root compression, leading to radiating pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs. Diagnosis of discitis typically involves imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans, as well as blood tests and sometimes a biopsy to confirm the presence of an infection.

Treatment for discitis usually involves antibiotics to treat the underlying infection, as well as pain management and physical therapy to help manage symptoms and maintain mobility. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or stabilize the spine.

The epidural space is the potential space located outside the dura mater, which is the outermost of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the meninges). This space runs the entire length of the spinal canal and contains fatty tissue, blood vessels, and nerve roots. It is often used as a route for administering anesthesia during childbirth or surgery, as well as for pain management in certain medical conditions. The injection of medications into this space is called an epidural block.

Spinal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the spinal column, which is made up of vertebrae (bones), intervertebral discs, facet joints, nerves, ligaments, and muscles. These diseases can cause pain, discomfort, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or even paralysis, depending on the severity and location of the condition. Here are some examples of spinal diseases:

1. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the intervertebral discs lose their elasticity and height, leading to stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
2. Herniated disc: This occurs when the inner material of the intervertebral disc bulges or herniates out through a tear in the outer layer, causing pressure on the spinal nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.
3. Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramen (the openings where the spinal nerves exit the spinal column), which can cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and result in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
4. Scoliosis: This is a curvature of the spine that can occur in children or adults, leading to an abnormal posture, back pain, and decreased lung function.
5. Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that affects the facet joints in the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility.
6. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and fusion of the vertebrae.
7. Spinal tumors: These are abnormal growths that can occur in the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, causing pain, neurological symptoms, or even paralysis.
8. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can affect the spine, leading to pain, fever, and other systemic symptoms.
9. Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or sprains of the spine can occur due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries, causing pain, neurological deficits, or even paralysis.

A brain abscess is a localized collection of pus in the brain that is caused by an infection. It can develop as a result of a bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection that spreads to the brain from another part of the body or from an infection that starts in the brain itself (such as from a head injury or surgery).

The symptoms of a brain abscess may include headache, fever, confusion, seizures, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, and changes in vision, speech, or behavior. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection, as well as surgical drainage of the abscess to relieve pressure on the brain.

It is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications such as brain herniation or permanent neurological damage.

A liver abscess is a localized collection of pus within the liver tissue caused by an infection. It can result from various sources such as bacterial or amebic infections that spread through the bloodstream, bile ducts, or directly from nearby organs. The abscess may cause symptoms like fever, pain in the upper right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If left untreated, a liver abscess can lead to serious complications, including sepsis and organ failure. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan, followed by drainage of the pus and antibiotic treatment.

Osteomyelitis is a medical condition characterized by an infection that involves the bone or the bone marrow. It can occur as a result of a variety of factors, including bacterial or fungal infections that spread to the bone from another part of the body, or direct infection of the bone through trauma or surgery.

The symptoms of osteomyelitis may include pain and tenderness in the affected area, fever, chills, fatigue, and difficulty moving the affected limb. In some cases, there may also be redness, swelling, and drainage from the infected area. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, as well as blood tests and cultures to identify the underlying cause of the infection.

Treatment for osteomyelitis usually involves a combination of antibiotics or antifungal medications to eliminate the infection, as well as pain management and possibly surgical debridement to remove infected tissue. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and manage the condition.

A psoas abscess is a localized collection of pus (infectious material) in the iliopsoas muscle compartment, which consists of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. These muscles are located in the lower back and pelvis, responsible for flexing the hip joint.

Psoas abscesses can be classified as primary or secondary:

1. Primary psoas abscess: This type is caused by hematogenous spread (dissemination through the blood) of a bacterial infection from a distant site, often involving the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, or skin. It is less common and typically seen in individuals with compromised immune systems.
2. Secondary psoas abscess: This type is caused by direct extension of an infection from a nearby anatomical structure, such as the spine, vertebral column, or retroperitoneal space (the area behind the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity). Common causes include spinal osteomyelitis (spinal bone infection), discitis (infection of the intervertebral disc), or a perforated viscus (a hole in an organ like the bowel).

Symptoms of a psoas abscess may include lower back pain, hip pain, fever, chills, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, which can confirm the presence and extent of the abscess. Treatment usually consists of antibiotic therapy and drainage of the abscess, often through a percutaneous (through the skin) approach guided by imaging. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary for adequate drainage and management.

Streptococcus milleri Group (SMG) is not a single species, but a group of closely related streptococcal species that are often difficult to distinguish from each other using conventional laboratory methods. The group includes Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus. These bacteria are part of the normal flora in the human mouth, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal system. However, they can cause a variety of infectious diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or when they invade deep tissues or sterile sites. Infections caused by SMG can range from mild to severe, including abscesses, endocarditis, and sepsis. Due to the complexity of identifying these organisms to the species level, they are often reported together as the Streptococcus milleri Group.

An abdominal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the abdominal cavity, caused by an infection. It can occur as a result of complications from surgery, trauma, or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness at the site of the abscess. Abdominal abscesses can be serious and require medical treatment, which may include antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, or surgery.

A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the lamina, which is the back part of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal. This procedure is often performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves caused by conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or tumors. By removing the lamina, the surgeon can access the affected area and alleviate the compression on the spinal cord or nerves, thereby reducing pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms.

Laminectomy may be performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with other surgical techniques such as discectomy, foraminotomy, or spinal fusion. The specific approach and extent of the surgery will depend on the patient's individual condition and symptoms.

A lung abscess is a localized collection of pus in the lung parenchyma caused by an infectious process, often due to bacterial infection. It's characterized by necrosis and liquefaction of pulmonary tissue, resulting in a cavity filled with purulent material. The condition can develop as a complication of community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia, aspiration of oral secretions containing anaerobic bacteria, septic embolism, or contiguous spread from a nearby infected site.

Symptoms may include cough with foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as chest X-ray or CT scan, along with microbiological examination of the sputum to identify the causative organism(s). Treatment often includes antibiotic therapy tailored to the identified pathogen(s), as well as supportive care such as bronchoscopy, drainage, or surgery in severe cases.

Epidural anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia that involves the injection of local anesthetic medication into the epidural space in the spine, which is the space surrounding the dura mater, a membrane that covers the spinal cord. The injection is typically administered through a catheter placed in the lower back using a needle.

The local anesthetic drug blocks nerve impulses from the affected area, numbing it and relieving pain. Epidural anesthesia can be used for various surgical procedures, such as cesarean sections, knee or hip replacements, and hernia repairs. It is also commonly used during childbirth to provide pain relief during labor and delivery.

The effects of epidural anesthesia can vary depending on the dose and type of medication used, as well as the individual's response to the drug. The anesthetic may take several minutes to start working, and its duration of action can range from a few hours to a day or more. Epidural anesthesia is generally considered safe when administered by trained medical professionals, but like any medical procedure, it carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and respiratory depression.

Surgical decompression is a medical procedure that involves relieving pressure on a nerve or tissue by creating additional space. This is typically accomplished through the removal of a portion of bone or other tissue that is causing the compression. The goal of surgical decompression is to alleviate symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness caused by the compression.

In the context of spinal disorders, surgical decompression is often used to treat conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or bone spurs that are compressing nerves in the spine. The specific procedure used may vary depending on the location and severity of the compression, but common techniques include laminectomy, discectomy, and foraminotomy.

It's important to note that surgical decompression is a significant medical intervention that carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding tissues. As with any surgery, it should be considered as a last resort after other conservative treatments have been tried and found to be ineffective. A thorough evaluation by a qualified medical professional is necessary to determine whether surgical decompression is appropriate in a given case.

Staphylococcal infections are a type of infection caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, which are commonly found on the skin and nose of healthy people. However, if they enter the body through a cut, scratch, or other wound, they can cause an infection.

There are several types of Staphylococcus bacteria, but the most common one that causes infections is Staphylococcus aureus. These infections can range from minor skin infections such as pimples, boils, and impetigo to serious conditions such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and toxic shock syndrome.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infections depend on the type and severity of the infection. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, either topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more severe infections. It is important to note that some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, making them more difficult to treat.

The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the upper part of the spine, also known as the neck region. They are labeled C1 to C7, with C1 being closest to the skull and C7 connecting to the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region. The cervical vertebrae have unique structures to allow for a wide range of motion in the neck while also protecting the spinal cord and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

Pasteurellaceae infections refer to illnesses caused by bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae. This family includes several genera of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, with the most common pathogenic genus being Pasteurella. These bacteria are commonly found as normal flora in the upper respiratory tracts of animals, including pets like cats and dogs, and can be transmitted to humans through bites, scratches, or contact with contaminated fluids.

Pasteurellaceae infections can cause a range of clinical manifestations, depending on the specific species involved and the site of infection. Common Pasteurella species that cause human infections include P. multocida and P. pneumotropica. Infections caused by these bacteria often present as localized skin or soft tissue infections, such as cellulitis, abscesses, or wound infections, following animal contact.

In addition to skin and soft tissue infections, Pasteurellaceae can also cause respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, bronchitis), septicemia, and, rarely, meningitis or endocarditis. Immunocompromised individuals, those with chronic lung disease, or those who have alcohol use disorder are at increased risk for severe Pasteurellaceae infections.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics active against gram-negative bacteria, such as amoxicillin/clavulanate, doxycycline, or fluoroquinolones. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent potential complications and the spread of infection.

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or body parts that usually do not connect. It can form as a result of injury, infection, surgery, or disease. A fistula can occur anywhere in the body but commonly forms in the digestive system, genital area, or urinary system. The symptoms and treatment options for a fistula depend on its location and underlying cause.

Amebic liver abscess is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a pus-filled cavity (abscess) in the liver caused by the infection of the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite typically enters the body through contaminated food or water and makes its way to the liver, where it can cause tissue damage and abscess formation. The abscess is usually solitary and contains necrotic debris and inflammatory cells, primarily composed of neutrophils. Symptoms may include fever, right upper quadrant pain, and tender hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). If left untreated, amebic liver abscess can lead to serious complications such as perforation of the liver, bacterial superinfection, or spread of the infection to other organs.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Spinal cord diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the spinal cord, which is a part of the central nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body. These diseases can cause damage to the spinal cord, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, pain, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and difficulty with movement and coordination.

Spinal cord diseases can be congenital or acquired, and they can result from a variety of causes, including infections, injuries, tumors, degenerative conditions, autoimmune disorders, and genetic factors. Some examples of spinal cord diseases include multiple sclerosis, spina bifida, spinal cord injury, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

The treatment for spinal cord diseases varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, and rehabilitation. In some cases, the damage to the spinal cord may be irreversible, leading to permanent disability or paralysis.

Spondylitis is a term used to describe inflammation in the spinal vertebrae, often leading to stiffness and pain. The most common form is Ankylosing Spondylitis, which is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the joints in the spine. This can cause the bones in the spine to grow together, resulting in a rigid and inflexible spine. Other forms of spondylitis include reactive spondylitis, infectious spondylitis, and seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Symptoms may also include pain and stiffness in the neck, lower back, hips, and small joints of the body.

Drainage, in medical terms, refers to the removal of excess fluid or accumulated collections of fluids from various body parts or spaces. This is typically accomplished through the use of medical devices such as catheters, tubes, or drains. The purpose of drainage can be to prevent the buildup of fluids that may cause discomfort, infection, or other complications, or to treat existing collections of fluid such as abscesses, hematomas, or pleural effusions. Drainage may also be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze the type and composition of the fluid being removed.

A pyogenic liver abscess is a localized collection of pus within the liver parenchyma caused by an infectious process. It's typically characterized by the presence of a purulent material, which can be composed of white blood cells (neutrophils), necrotic debris, and microorganisms. The infection usually spreads to the liver through the hepatic blood vessels from a primary focus of infection elsewhere in the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or dental sources.

The most common causative organisms are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus species; however, anaerobes and fungi can also be responsible in certain populations. The clinical presentation of pyogenic liver abscess may include fever, chills, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and signs of systemic infection. Diagnosis is usually confirmed with imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scan, followed by aspiration and culture of the pus for identification of the causative organism(s) and antibiogram-guided antimicrobial therapy. Drainage of the abscess, either percutaneously or surgically, might be required in specific cases to ensure resolution and prevent recurrence.

Debridement is a medical procedure that involves the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing process or prevent further infection. This can be done through various methods such as surgical debridement (removal of tissue using scalpel or scissors), mechanical debridement (use of wound irrigation or high-pressure water jet), autolytic debridement (using the body's own enzymes to break down and reabsorb dead tissue), and enzymatic debridement (application of topical enzymes to dissolve necrotic tissue). The goal of debridement is to promote healthy tissue growth, reduce the risk of infection, and improve overall wound healing.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

... epidural abscesses have the potential to cause weakness, pain, and paralysis. A spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a collection ... An epidural abscess refers to a collection of pus and infectious material located in the epidural space superficial to the dura ... Akalan, N; Ozgen, T (2000). "Infection as a cause of spinal cord compression: a review of 36 spinal epidural abscess cases". ... Sendi, P.; Bregenzer, T.; Zimmerli, W. (3 November 2007). "Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice" (PDF). QJM. 101 (1): 1 ...
... can be associated with cortical vein thrombosis, epidural abscess, subdural empyema, and brain abscess. The ... Nicoli, Taija Kristina; Mäkitie, Antti (2014-03-12). "Frontal Sinusitis Causing Epidural Abscess and Puffy Tumor". New England ... Definitively, the abscess is drained via a combination of open and/or endoscopic approaches by an otolaryngologist, with the ... This type of chronic osteomyelitis of the frontal bone is confused with acute sub-periosteal abscess of the frontal bone, which ...
Epidural Abscess". The Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences. 23 (3): 197-203. doi:10.15369/sujms.23.197. Kim, Su-Chel; ...
Other causes include spinal stenosis, cancer, trauma, epidural abscess, and epidural hematoma. The diagnosis is suspected based ... epidural abscess, tumor or hematoma) is demonstrated. Early treatment may significantly improve the chance that long-term ... Various etiologies of CES include fractures, abscesses, hematomas, and any compression of the relevant nerve roots. Injuries to ...
Chen YC, Ko PH, Yang CJ, Chen YC, Lay CJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh MH (October 2016). "Epidural abscess caused by Veillonella parvula: ...
These often cause subdural empyema, and brain abscess, and rarely cause epidural abscess and meningitis. The origin of brain ... tubo-ovarian abscess, peritonitis and abdominal abscesses following viscus perforation, abscesses in and around the oral and ... Repeated aspirations of an abscess are preferable in those with multiple abscesses or when the abscess is located in a ... Secondary peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses including splenic and hepatic abscesses generally occur because of the ...
Treatment of the underlying cause of nerve compression is needed in cases of epidural abscess, epidural tumors, and cauda ... Spinal epidural abscess is more common among those who have diabetes mellitus or immunodeficiency, or who have had spinal ... If cancer or spinal epidural abscess is suspected, urgent magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for confirmation. Proximal ... Chou R, Hashimoto R, Friedly J, Fu R, Bougatsos C, Dana T, Sullivan SD, Jarvik J (September 2015). "Epidural Corticosteroid ...
... of immunocompromised individuals have CNS involvement and present as brain abscess, epidural abscess or meningitis. ...
MRSA can infect the central nervous system and form brain abscess, subdural empyema, and spinal epidural abscess. Excision and ... In skin abscesses, the primary treatment recommended is removal of dead tissue, incision, and drainage. More information is ... Cleaning the wound of dead tissue and draining abscesses is the first action to treat the MRSA infection. Administration of ... Treatment varies for MRSA infections related to: subperiosteal abscesses, necrotizing pneumonia, cellulitis, pyomyositis, ...
Four adverse events associated with moxibustion were bruising, burns and cellulitis, spinal epidural abscess, and large ... The Mawangdui texts, which are believed to be from the 2nd century BC, mention the use of pointed stones to open abscesses, and ... Other adverse events included spinal epidural hematoma (in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine), chylothorax, injuries of ...
He died of pneumonia caused by sinusitis as well as epidural and subdural abscesses on October 5, 1927. In January 1929, ... After suffering severe headaches and a sinus infection aggravated by several abscessed teeth, Warner was admitted to California ...
Further, Absolute indications for surgical treatment must include sepsis, epidural abscess, neurologic deficits/complications, ...
... spinal epidural abscess, spinal epidural hematoma, proximal diabetic neuropathy, Tarlov cysts, or, more rarely, sarcoidosis, ... Spinal epidural abscess is more common among those with diabetes mellitus or immunocompromised, who use intravenous drugs, or ... September 2015). "Epidural Corticosteroid Injections for Radiculopathy and Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta- ... Evidence also supports consideration of epidural steroid injection with local anesthetic in improving both pain and function in ...
... epidural hematoma), brain abscesses, meningitis and ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. Only 4-6.9% of kids with a headache ... abscess, hemorrhage, tumor, blood clots, or head trauma. In these cases, the headache evaluation may include CT scan or MRI in ...
... and epidural, subdural, and brain abscesses. Orbital symptoms frequently precede intracranial spread of the infection . Other ... subperiosteal abscess, orbital cellulitis, and abscess. Orbital cellulitis can complicate acute ethmoiditis if anterior and ... Abscesses, meningitis, and other life-threatening conditions may result. In extreme cases, the patient may experience mild ... Harris GJ (March 1994). "Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit. Age as a factor in the bacteriology and response to treatment". ...
... septic arthritis and epidural abscesses, so blood cultures are indicated in these conditions. In infections less strongly ...
Cauda equina syndrome may also be caused by central disc prolapse or slipped disc, infections such as epidural abscess, spinal ... Preliminary studies of epidural spinal cord stimulators for motor complete injuries have demonstrated some improvement, and in ... epidural spinal stimulation, and wearable robotic exoskeletons. Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or nontraumatic, and can be ...
Epidural abscess Infection (e.g. meningitis) Regardless of the anaesthetic agent (drug) used, the desired effect is to block ... Epidural anaesthesia is a technique whereby a local anaesthetic drug is injected through a catheter placed into the epidural ... The injected dose for an epidural is larger, being about 10-20 mL compared to 1.5-3.5 mL in a spinal. In an epidural, an ... Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia Epidural Intrathecal administration Lumbar puncture Bronwen Jean Bryant; Kathleen Mary ...
In adults, it can lead to severe consequences, such as sepsis or epidural abscess, but it can also spontaneously resolve, ... In adults, it can lead to severe consequences, such as sepsis or epidural abscess, but it can also spontaneously resolve, ... or progress to osteomyelitis and possibly even an epidural abscess. In case of concomitant inflammation of one or more ... The MRI will reveal air changes in the disc and possibly even external involvement involving the bone or epidural regions. A ...
He died of pneumonia caused by sinusitis, osteomyelitis and epidural and subdural abscesses on October 5, 1927, the day before ... He was hospitalized and was diagnosed with a sinus infection that was aggravated by several abscessed teeth. Doctors also ...
Brain abscess, Epidural abscess, including spinal epidural and cranial epidural Encephalitis Meningitis There are five main ... goat Transmissible mink encephalopathy Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy Cryptococcal meningitis Amoebic brain abscess ...
... dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or ... Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess within the brain tissue caused by inflammation and collection of infected ... Brain abscess at eMedicine MR Diagnosis[permanent dead link] MedPix Imaging Brain Abscess (Articles with short description, ... Other symptoms and findings depend largely on the specific location of the abscess in the brain. An abscess in the cerebellum, ...
... epidural abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.490 - lung abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.650 - periapical abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.665 ... brain abscess MeSH C01.252.200.200 - empyema, subdural MeSH C01.252.200.250 - epidural abscess MeSH C01.252.200.450 - lyme ... abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.020 - abdominal abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.455 - liver abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.455. ... liver abscess, pyogenic MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.810 - subphrenic abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.160 - brain abscess MeSH C01.539 ...
... spinal epidural abscess Neoplastic: glioma, meningioma, brain tumors, spinal cord tumors Demyelination: multiple sclerosis, ... Vascular: cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral palsy Infective: encephalitis, meningitis, brain abscess, cerebral palsy, ... disseminated sclerosis, ADEM, neuromyelitis optica Traumatic: cerebral lacerations, subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma, ...
These include meningitis (inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain), epidural abscess (abscess between ... Other complications include Bezold's abscess, an abscess (a collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue) behind the ... or brain abscess. In the United States and other developed countries, the incidence of mastoiditis is quite low, around 0.004 ... sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck, or a subperiosteal abscess, between the periosteum and mastoid bone (resulting in the ...
... epidural abscess, and meningitis." Epidural anaesthesia Epidural steroid injection D.E. Jamison; E. Hsu; S.P. Cohen (June 2014 ... Epidural administration: injection into the epidural space of the spinal cord. Epidural, (Greek): situated on or outside the ... Epidural lysis of adhesions (LOA), also known as percutaneous adhesiolysis or the Racz procedure, is a minimally invasive spine ... While the procedure is effective in removing fibrous tissue in the epidural space, the procedure may create complications. The ...
... brain abscess MeSH C10.228.228.180.350 - empyema, subdural MeSH C10.228.228.180.375 - epidural abscess MeSH C10.228.228.180.437 ... epidural abscess MeSH C10.228.228.709.675 - subdural effusion MeSH C10.228.228.800 - prion diseases MeSH C10.228.228.800.230 - ... epidural abscess MeSH C10.228.854.468 - muscular atrophy, spinal MeSH C10.228.854.468.800 - spinal muscular atrophies of ... epidural abscess MeSH C10.228.228.507 - meningitis MeSH C10.228.228.507.097 - arachnoiditis MeSH C10.228.228.507.220 - ...
These complications include an epidural abscess due to infection, temporary increased pain, puncture of the sack containing ...
... epidural and subdural abscess, meningitis). Endonasal approach into the frontal sinus in children with acute and chronic ...
... such as epidural abscess, meningitis or sacral osteomyelitis Low blood pressure Injury to the nerve roots Epidural hematoma ... Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia Epidural Intrathecal administration Lumbar puncture Spinal anaesthesia Dernek B, ... Waurick K, Waurick R (July 2015). "[History and Technique of Epidural Anaesthesia]" [History and Technique of Epidural ... 2022). "Caudal epidural steroid injection for chronic low back pain: A prospective analysis of 107 patients". Journal of Back ...
... epidural abscesses have the potential to cause weakness, pain, and paralysis. A spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a collection ... An epidural abscess refers to a collection of pus and infectious material located in the epidural space superficial to the dura ... Akalan, N; Ozgen, T (2000). "Infection as a cause of spinal cord compression: a review of 36 spinal epidural abscess cases". ... Sendi, P.; Bregenzer, T.; Zimmerli, W. (3 November 2007). "Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice" (PDF). QJM. 101 (1): 1 ...
An epidural abscess is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that requires early detection and prompt management. It ... Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) and intracranial epidural abscess (IEA) are the two types of epidural abscess, and the difference ... Spinal epidural abscess can occur at any age. The median age of onset of spinal epidural abscess is approximately 50-60 years. ... Spinal epidural abscess: At the beginning of the 20th century, almost all individuals with spinal epidural abscess died. ...
Epidural abscesses slowly propagate because the dura is tightly attached, unlike subdural abscesses that expand in a preformed ... are brain abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and bacterial meningitis. Epidural abscesses are usually located frontally.4 The ... Headache Secondary to Epidural Abscess. July 1, 2008. Miltiadis Douvoyiannis, MD. Marguerite Mayers, MD*Nathan Litman, MD ... Epidural abscesses have a more favorable prognosis than other ICS. Mortality is low,2,6,8 although in one series, seizures ...
Epidural abscess is a rare finding that can cause rapid irreversible neurological deterioration. Clinical suspicion must be ... Epidural Abscess: A Cause of Back Pain That Must Not Be Missed.. ... Epidural Abscess: A Cause of Back Pain That Must Not Be Missed. ... Epidural Abscess: A Cause of Back Pain That Must Not Be Missed. ... was required due to persistent pre-vertebral abscesses with ... revealed raised inflammatory markers and a cervical pre-vertebral purulent collection associated with an epidural collection at ...
An epidural abscess is a collection of infected material between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and the bones ... This animation demonstrates how hardware increases the risk for bacterial infection around the spinal cord and the epidural ...
Intracranial Epidural Abscess and Subdural Empyema - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck ... Like a brain abscess, an epidural abscess or a subdural empyema can cause fever, headache, sleepiness, vomiting, seizures, a ... The same kinds of bacteria that cause brain abscesses Abscess of the Brain A brain abscess is a pocket of pus in the brain. An ... An intracranial epidural abscess is a pocket of pus that develops between the skull and the top layer of tissues (dura mater) ...
Spondylodiscitis with epidural and bilateral psoas abscesses. Case contributed by Siobhan Lee ... Lee S, Spondylodiscitis with epidural and bilateral psoas abscesses. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 09 Dec 2023) ... "spondylodiscitis-with-epidural-and-bilateral-psoas-abscesses","modality":"MRI","series":[{"id":59149243,"content_type":"image/ ... "spondylodiscitis-with-epidural-and-bilateral-psoas-abscesses","modality":"CT","series":[{"id":59149405,"content_type":"image/ ...
Epidural Abscess, Cranial; Abscesses, Intracranial Extradural; Abscess, Spinal Extradural; Abscess, Spinal Epidural; Abscess, ... Abscess, Cranial Epidural; Spinal Extradural Abscess; Intracranial Extradural Abscess; Epidural Abscess, Spinal; Epidural ... Other names Spinal Epidural Abscess; Intracranial Extradural Abscesses; Intracranial Epidural Abscess; Extradural Abscesses, ... Intracranial Extradural; Abscess, Intracranial Epidural; Abscess, Cranial Extradural; ...
Spinal Epidural Abscess - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Symptoms and Signs of Spinal Epidural Abscess Symptoms of spinal epidural abscess begin with local or radicular back pain and ... A spinal epidural abscess is an accumulation of pus in the epidural space that can mechanically compress the spinal cord. ... A spinal epidural abscess typically causes local or radicular back pain, percussion tenderness, and fever; if the abscess ...
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare and life-threatening infection with increasing incidence over the past two decades. ... From: Time-to-completed-imaging, survival and function in patients with spinal epidural abscess: Description of a series of 34 ...
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare clinical entity associated with a high morbidity andmortality. It usually spans 3-4 ... The literature contains very few reports of extensive orpanspinal epidural abscesses and hence there is no consensus on ... The abscess had led to quadriparesis for the last 24hours. This abscess was treated operatively by performing noncontiguous ... Epidural; Abscess; Paralysis; Thoracic; Laminectomy; Ambulation. References Baker AS, Ojemann RG, Swartz MN, Richardson EP Jr. ...
An epidural abscess is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that requires early detection and prompt management. It ... Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) and intracranial epidural abscess (IEA) are the two types of epidural abscess, and the difference ... Spinal epidural abscess can occur at any age. The median age of onset of spinal epidural abscess is approximately 50-60 years. ... Spinal epidural abscess: At the beginning of the 20th century, almost all individuals with spinal epidural abscess died. ...
Related Terms: Back Health, spinal infection, spondylodiscitis, discitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, back pain ... Key Words:spinal infection, spondylodiscitis, discitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, back pain.. ...
A Mycoplasma hominis epidural abscess was identified. She had no preoperative risk factors for extragenital M. hominis ... A Mycoplasma hominis epidural abscess was identified. She had no preoperative risk factors for extragenital M. hominis ... Decompressive Laminectomy Complicated by Postoperative Mycoplasma hominis Epidural Abscess and Meningitis in a Young Woman: A ... Decompressive Laminectomy Complicated by Postoperative Mycoplasma hominis Epidural Abscess and Meningitis in a Young Woman: A ...
Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Review with Special Emphasis on Earlier Diagnosis.. Allison Bond, Farrin A Manian. BioMed Research ... Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon but serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality. The prognosis of ...
Epidural Abscess answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, ... Auwaerter, Paul G. "Epidural Abscess." Johns Hopkins ABX Guide, The Johns Hopkins University, 2023. Johns Hopkins Guides, www. ... Epidural Abscess [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins University; 2023. [cited 2023 December 06]. ... TY - ELEC T1 - Epidural Abscess ID - 540206 A1 - Auwaerter,Paul,M.D. Y1 - 2023/01/09/ BT - Johns Hopkins ABX Guide UR - https ...
Retrieved from "https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Epidural_abscess_(spinal)" ... Epidural Abscess (Spinal) (redirect page) ‎ (← links) *Botulism ‎ (← links). *Stroke (main) ‎ (← links). *Epidural abscess ( ... Pages that link to "Epidural abscess (spinal)". ← Epidural abscess (spinal). What links here. Page:. Namespace:. all. (Main). ...
Acute Spinal Epidural Abscess: Report of Case H. F. BUCHSTEIN H. F. BUCHSTEIN ... Incidence of Epidural Catheter-associated Infections after Continuous Epidural Analgesia in Children Anesthesiology (July 2010) ... H. F. BUCHSTEIN; Acute Spinal Epidural Abscess: Report of Case. Anesthesiology 1942; 3:108-109 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ ... A Review of Neuraxial Epidural Morbidity: Experience of More Than 8,000 Cases at a Single Teaching Hospital Anesthesiology (May ...
Acute Spinal Epidural Abscess: Report of Case H. F. BUCHSTEIN H. F. BUCHSTEIN ... Incidence of Epidural Catheter-associated Infections after Continuous Epidural Analgesia in Children Anesthesiology (July 2010) ... H. F. BUCHSTEIN; Acute Spinal Epidural Abscess: Report of Case. Anesthesiology 1942; 3:108-109 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ ... A Review of Neuraxial Epidural Morbidity: Experience of More Than 8,000 Cases at a Single Teaching Hospital Anesthesiology (May ...
keywords = "Extradural abscess, Infection, Management, Readmission, Risk factors, Spinal epidural abscess",. author = "Michael ... Readmission after spinal epidural abscess management in urban populations: A bi-institutional study. Journal of Neurosurgery: ... Readmission after spinal epidural abscess management in urban populations : A bi-institutional study. In: Journal of ... Readmission after spinal epidural abscess management in urban populations: A bi-institutional study. / Longo, Michael; ...
Spinal epidural abscess in a liver transplant recipient. Z. K. Wszolek, T. M. McCashland, R. J. Witte, G. A. Brandenberg, R. E ... Spinal epidural abscess in a liver transplant recipient. / Wszolek, Z. K.; McCashland, T. M.; Witte, R. J. et al. In: ... Spinal epidural abscess in a liver transplant recipient. In: Transplantation proceedings. 1996 ; Vol. 28, No. 5. pp. 2978-2979. ... title = "Spinal epidural abscess in a liver transplant recipient",. author = "Wszolek, {Z. K.} and McCashland, {T. M.} and ...
Lumbar epidural abscesses visualized.. FIGURE 1-4. Axial T2-weighted MRI. Epidural abscess visualized.. ... Spinal epidural abscesses (SEA) are more common than intracranial epidural abscesses.61 Although SEA is an uncommon disease, ... Epidural abscesses. Epidemiology. Epidural abscess is an uncommon but serious pyogenic infection with significant morbidity and ... 235 The presence of a neurological deficit should raise suspicion for an epidural abscess. Of epidural abscesses, 16% occur in ...
Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging.. Y. Numaguchi, D. Rigamonti, M. I. Rothman, S. Sato, F ... Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. / Numaguchi, Y.; Rigamonti, D.; Rothman, M. I. et al. ... Spinal epidural abscess : evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. In: Radiographics : a review publication of the ... Engorgement of the epidural venous plexus or basivertebral veins was occasionally observed. The changes in abscess size noted ...
Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Diagnostic Challenge DEARDRE CHAO, ANIL NANDA. Spinal epidural abscess can lead to irreversible ...
... epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas, but this study found no increase over historical baseline. ... Recent reports have suggested a possible increase in pediatric streptococcal brain abscesses, ... Pediatric Brain Abscesses, Epidural Empyemas, and Subdural Empyemas Associated With Streptococcus Species. United States, ... In CDCs national call for cases, a case was defined as the diagnosis of brain abscess, epidural empyema, or subdural empyema ...
Epidural Abscess: Emergent Surgical Evacuation is the Mainstay of Treatment. krenfro12023-09-16T21:42:55+00:00September 21st, ... Lenga in her article wrote that epidural abscess has increasing mortality rates for this serious disease, ranging from 15 to ... Vigna adds, "Surgical decompression with IV antibiotics of an epidural abscess is the best course in an overwhelming majority ... To learn more about Spinal Epidural Abscesses and Spinal Cord Injury, click here. ...
Articles by Disease (Epidural Abscess) Search. Journals Books Chapter Organic Lesions in the Brain MRI of Children with Febrile ...
Failure to diagnose epidural abscess in patients spinal canal, leaving him a paraplegic ... 3,250,000 - failure to diagnose epidural abscess in patients spinal canal, leaving him a paraplegic. ...
A Novel Radiographic Sign and a New Classifying System in Mastoiditis-Related Epidural Abscess. / Horowitz, Gilad; Fishman, ... A Novel Radiographic Sign and a New Classifying System in Mastoiditis-Related Epidural Abscess. In: Otology and Neurotology. ... A Novel Radiographic Sign and a New Classifying System in Mastoiditis-Related Epidural Abscess. Otology and Neurotology. 2015 ... Gross perisigmoid granular changes, however, are highly suggestive of an epidural abscess that warrants surgical intervention. ...
  • An anterior location is often associated with vertebral osteomyelitis or a psoas abscess. (medscape.com)
  • Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (reference.md)
  • Infection (sepsis, osteomyelitis, persistent abscess, bacteremia) was the most common cause of readmission, accounting for 36.1% of all readmissions. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The most likely source is a soft-tissue process, but anything capable of causing bacteremia can result in spinal epidural abscess ( endocarditis , urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infections, intravenous drug use, vascular access devices). (medscape.com)
  • This animation demonstrates how hardware increases the risk for bacterial infection around the spinal cord and the epidural space. (highimpact.com)
  • An abscess may form in the brain when bacteria from an infection elsewhere in the head or in the bloodstream or from a wound enter the brain. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Because rapid treatment is necessary to prevent or minimize neurologic deficits, clinicians should consider spinal epidural abscess if patients have significant atraumatic back pain, particularly when there is focal percussion tenderness over the spine, or if they have a fever or have had a recent infection or dental procedure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Consider immediate MRI to diagnose spinal epidural abscess if patients have unexplained back pain, even without neurologic findings, particularly if focal percussion tenderness and risk factors (eg, IV drug use, recent infection or bacteremia) are present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This case describes a case of spinal epidural abscess secondary to S. pneumoniae in an otherwise healthy, immunocompetent 61-year-old female without a history of spinal procedures, obvious source of hematogenous seeding, or clear risk factors for invasive pneumococcal infection. (hcahealthcare.com)
  • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare, highly morbid, and often life-threatening, neurosurgical emergency characterized most often by a suppurative monomicrobial infection of the central nervous system, confined within the epidural space between the dura mater and the vertebral periosteum. (emdocs.net)
  • Discussions with clinicians in multiple states raised concerns (intracranial abscess and granuloma) or G06.2 (extradural and about a possible increase in pediatric intracranial infections, subdural abscess, unspecified) during the study period were particularly those caused by Streptococcus bacteria, during the included. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal infections involve pyogenic or granulomatous infections of the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, the dural sac or the epidural space. (wheelessonline.com)
  • [ 1 ] Pediatric bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas, rare complications of respiratory infections and sinusitis, are often caused by Streptococcus species but might also be polymicrobial or caused by other genera, such as Staphylococcus . (medscape.com)
  • Adogwa et al write that spinal epidural abscesses are "rare but serious" infections that often require emergency neurosurgical intervention to avoid permanent neurological deficits. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • This article discusses a study that evaluated the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage for lumbar infections with early epidural abscesses. (londonspine.com)
  • eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage for lumbar infections with early epidural abscesses.METHODS: Eight cases of early epidural abscess underwent lumbar intervertebral space debridement and drainage by percutaneous endoscopic. (londonspine.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage for lumbar infections with early epidural abscesses. (londonspine.com)
  • citation needed] A cranial epidural abscess involves pus and granulation tissue accumulation in between the dura mater and cranial bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because intracranial epidural abscess can cross the cranial dura along emissary veins, an accompanying subdural empyema is often present. (medscape.com)
  • In May 2022, CDC learned of three children in California encounters from patients aged 18 years with a primary or hospitalized concurrently for brain abscess, epidural empyema, secondary discharge diagnosis of International Classification or subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius . (cdc.gov)
  • On June 9, CDC asked clini- diagnosis of brain abscess, epidural empyema, or subdural cians and health departments to report possible cases of these empyema in a person aged 18 years without a previous neu- conditions and to submit clinical specimens for laboratory rosurgical procedure or history of head trauma, hospitalized testing. (cdc.gov)
  • The call for Association (CHA), CDC analyzed nationally representative cases was shared with health departments and two provider list- pediatric hospitalizations for brain abscess and empyema. (cdc.gov)
  • Available Streptococcus specimens isolated from a brain abscess, pandemic in March 2020, increased during summer 2021 to epidural empyema, subdural empyema, blood, or cerebrospinal a peak in March 2022, and then declined to baseline levels. (cdc.gov)
  • To diagnose an epidural abscess or a subdural empyema, doctors use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done after gadolinium is injected intravenously. (merckmanuals.com)
  • In May 2022, CDC learned of three children in California hospitalized concurrently for brain abscess, epidural empyema, or subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus intermedius . (medscape.com)
  • Through collaboration with the Children's Hospital Association (CHA), CDC analyzed nationally representative pediatric hospitalizations for brain abscess and empyema. (medscape.com)
  • In CDC's national call for cases, a case was defined as the diagnosis of brain abscess, epidural empyema, or subdural empyema in a person aged ≤18 years without a previous neurosurgical procedure or history of head trauma, hospitalized on or after June 1, 2021, irrespective of etiology. (medscape.com)
  • Available Streptococcus specimens isolated from a brain abscess, epidural empyema, subdural empyema, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid were collected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing at CDC's Streptococcus reference laboratory to identify microbiological features shared among cases. (medscape.com)
  • Pediatric bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empy- codes U07.1 or B97.29 on the discharge diagnosis list. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Review with Special Emphasis on Earlier Diagnosis. (qxmd.com)
  • All inpatient encounters from patients aged ≤18 years with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code G06.0 (intracranial abscess and granuloma) or G06.2 (extradural and subdural abscess, unspecified) during the study period were included. (medscape.com)
  • Histologic examination of surgical biopsy samples obtained from affected areas of muscle and fat during a subsequent dorsal laminectomy led to a diagnosis of idiopathic sterile inflammation of epidural fat. (avma.org)
  • The annual incidence of spinal epidural abscess has risen in the past 2-3 decades from 0.2-1 cases per 10,000 hospital admissions to 2.5-5.1 per 10,000 admissions. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 , 7 ] The rising incidence of spinal epidural abscess has been attributed to the increasing prevalence of injection drug use, as well as to an increased performance of invasive spinal procedures .Better and more available diagnostics (MRI) may also be contributing to the rising numbers of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The annual incidence of intracranial epidural abscess is difficult to determine but is recognized to be much less common than spinal epidural abscess. (medscape.com)
  • 1 In some reports, the incidence of epidural abscesses has surpassed that of subdural empyemas. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • [ 1 ] The rising incidence of spinal epidural abscess has been attributed to the increasing prevalence of injection drug use, as well as to an increased performance of invasive spinal procedures. (medscape.com)
  • OBJECTIVE The incidence of spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is rising, yet there are few reports discussing readmission rates or predisposing factors for readmission after treatment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 6 ). The agar diffusion gradient method (Etest, bioMérieux) brain abscesses and empyemas. (cdc.gov)
  • such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis ) can cause epidural abscesses and subdural empyemas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Because meningitis is now uncommon in children, epidural abscesses and subdural empyemas are also uncommon in children. (merckmanuals.com)
  • CDC will continue to work with investigation partners to monitor ongoing trends in pediatric brain abscesses and empyemas. (medscape.com)
  • Two data sources were analyzed: 1) pediatric hospitalizations for brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas reported to CHA's Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) and 2) cases reported to CDC in response to a national call for cases. (medscape.com)
  • Spinal epidural abscesses usually occur in the thoracic or lumbar regions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Occasionally, the cause is a tuberculous abscess of the thoracic spine (Pott disease). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This abscess was treated operatively by performing noncontiguous minimally invasivedecompressions of the cervical and thoracic spine. (edu.pk)
  • Epidural nerve block has become a significant advance in neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia. (medscape.com)
  • The duration of anesthesia or analgesia is prolonged when epidural catheters are used. (medscape.com)
  • Patients are able to control their pain with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in a manner similar manner to that of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA). (medscape.com)
  • Owoicho Adogwa (Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA) and others report, in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine , that the combination of early surgical decompression and intravenous antimicrobial therapy does not improve clinical outcomes in patients aged ≥50 years with a spinal epidural abscess compared with intravenous antimicrobial therapy alone. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • The implications of this study is that in elderly patients with spinal epidural abscesses who have low functional reserve and several co-morbid medical conditions, early surgical decompression and intravenous antimicrobial therapy was not superior to intravenous antimicrobial therapy alone. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • This suggests that, absent of impending neurological deterioration, intravenous antibiotic therapy should be the first-line treatment for older patients with spinal epidural abscesses and re-assuring neurological examination. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Combined treatment - emergency surgery and antibiotics is the preferred treatment for the spinal epidural abscess, removing existing pus (which is tested for microorganisms to select the most appropriate antibiotic) and removing pressure from the spinal cord and nerve roots. (wikipedia.org)
  • The patient responded to drainage of the psoas abscess and antibiotics and was discharged home to complete a 6 week course of IV antibiotics. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Treatment involves antibiotics and sometimes drainage of the abscess. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dr. Vigna adds, "Surgical decompression with IV antibiotics of an epidural abscess is the best course in an overwhelming majority of cases even when there is subtle or slight neurological weakness. (vignalawgroup.com)
  • Lumbar puncture is contraindicated because it may trigger cord herniation if the abscess completely obstructs flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (msdmanuals.com)
  • METHODS: Eight cases of early epidural abscess underwent lumbar intervertebral space debridement and drainage by percutaneous endoscopic. (londonspine.com)
  • [ 8 ] Spinal surgery, epidural anesthesia, steroid and pain-relieving injections, and placement of pain pumps are all associated with spinal epidural abscess. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with radicular symptoms may benefit from epidural steroid injections, but studies have produced mixed results. (aafp.org)
  • In comparison to epidural blocks, epidural injections of local anesthetic, steroids, or both are considered for the treatment of radicular pain symptoms secondary to disk herniation or postsurgical radicular pain. (medscape.com)
  • Epidural injections do not alter the course of the underlying process but may offer effective pain relief in selected patients. (medscape.com)
  • In the ever-expanding field of interventional pain management, epidural injections of pain medications like steroids play an important role in chronic pain management. (medscape.com)
  • The following conditions each represent 1 percent or more of diagnostic radiology claims: subarachnoid hemorrhage, malignant neoplasm of colon, malignant neoplasm of pancreas, cerebral thrombosis with infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebral aneurysm, pelvis fracture, ankle fracture, and intracranial abscess. (thedoctors.com)
  • Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Re-intervention was required due to persistent pre-vertebral abscesses with clinical improvement thereafter. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare clinical entity associated with a high morbidity andmortality. (edu.pk)
  • The changes in abscess size noted on follow-up studies correlated well with clinical improvement or deterioration in most patients. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A loose association between the dura and vertebral bodies enables extension of spinal epidural abscess to numerous levels, frequently resulting in extensive neurological findings and often necessitating multiple laminectomies. (medscape.com)
  • Epidural abscess is a rare finding that can cause rapid irreversible neurological deterioration. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The most significant modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality is time to surgical decompression, as neurological symptoms are produced by local mass effect and abscess intrusion into spinal cord arterial blood supply, disc spaces, and spinal cord segments. (emdocs.net)
  • Due to its location adjacent to brain or spinal cord, epidural abscesses have the potential to cause weakness, pain, and paralysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • An epidural abscess refers to a collection of pus and infectious material located in the epidural space superficial to the dura mater which surrounds the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • A spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a collection of pus or inflammatory granulation between the dura mater and the vertebral column. (wikipedia.org)
  • An intracranial epidural abscess is a pocket of pus that develops between the skull and the top layer of tissues (dura mater) covering the brain. (merckmanuals.com)
  • 2,3 Other intracranial complications (in decreasing order of frequency) are brain abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and bacterial meningitis. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Meningitis or a brain abscess may develop. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Decompressive Laminectomy Complicated by Postoperative Mycoplasma hominis Epidural Abscess and Meningitis in a Young Woman: A Case Report. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The patient underwent a CT guided fine-needle aspiration of the abscess. (who.int)
  • Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. (reference.md)
  • When considering epidural nerve block, clinicians should follow a stepwise approach. (medscape.com)
  • An epidural abscess is a collection of infected material between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and the bones of the skull or spine. (highimpact.com)
  • Spine model showing interlaminar epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • An understanding of the basic anatomy of the epidural space also requires recognition of the following key anatomic features of the spine. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of an inflamed disk (discitis) can help distinguish an abscess from a metastatic tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Abscess of the Brain A brain abscess is a pocket of pus in the brain. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) and intracranial epidural abscess (IEA) are the two types of epidural abscess, and the difference is based on where they develop within the CNS and some variations in risk factors (see Pathophysiology) and symptoms (see History). (medscape.com)
  • Short-term epidural anesthesia is much less risky than a catheter left in place for days or permanently implanted. (medscape.com)
  • Hematogenous seeding of the spinal epidural abscess can result in multilevel noncontiguous spinal epidural abscess. (medscape.com)
  • SEAs are more common in posterior than anterior areas, and the most common location is the thoracolumbar area, where epidural space is larger and contains more fat tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • A head CT scan without contrast demonstrated an epidural abscess posterior to the frontal sinuses, with a cortical defect in the posterior wall of the left frontal sinus ( Figure 1 ). (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The anterior portion of the epidural space is formed by the posterior longitudinal ligament, which covers the posterior part of the vertebral body and the intravertebral disk. (medscape.com)
  • Also note that the epidural space is narrowest in the cervical region, with an anterior/posterior diameter of 2-3 mm. (medscape.com)
  • Risk factors for intracranial epidural abscess include prior craniotomy, head injury , sinusitis, otitis media, and mastoiditis . (medscape.com)
  • Objective To describe a novel radiographic sign ("halo") and a new classification method of an evolving perisigmoid epidural abscess and present its correlation with intraoperative findings. (tau.ac.il)
  • The initial culture of fluid from the abscess grew Lactobacillus species and Streptococcus viridans . (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Two additional CT-guided drainage procedures were performed during the second and third weeks because of reaccumulation of the abscess. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The study found that the drainage tube was removed after an average duration of 11.25 days, and the epidural abscess was eliminated. (londonspine.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Percutaneous Endoscopic Debridement and Drainage is an effective way to drain intraspinal abscesses, thus avoiding any potential progressive harm to the spinal cord. (londonspine.com)
  • RESULTS: The average duration of the drainage tube was 11.25 ± 3.96 days (7-20 days), and the epidural abscess was eliminated after the tube was taken out. (londonspine.com)
  • An epidural abscess is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that requires early detection and prompt management. (medscape.com)
  • u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLarge epidural multiloculated collection in the dorsal spinal canal and extending from mid L1 level to S1. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadopentetate dimeglumine was performed in 25 patients with spinal epidural abscess (SEA). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Furthermore, no published studies have investigated treatment options for spinal epidural abscesses in patients aged ≥50 years-even though increasing age is a known risk factor for poor prognosis. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Therefore, this study retrospectively analysed cases of spinal epidural abscesses in patients aged 50 years or older, treated at our institution over the past 15 years. (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • During the time period of the study (1999-2013), 82 patients aged ≥50 years were treated for a spinal epidural abscesses at the authors' institution (Duke University Medical Center). (spinalnewsinternational.com)
  • Investigations revealed raised inflammatory markers and a cervical pre-vertebral purulent collection associated with an epidural collection at the level of C2 to C5 with spinal cord compression. (iasp-pain.org)
  • A spinal epidural abscess is an accumulation of pus in the epidural space that can mechanically compress the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Rarely, a similar abscess occurs in the subdural space. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The cephalad part of the spinal epidural space begins at the level of foramen magnum, where the periosteal and spinal layers of dura fuse together. (medscape.com)
  • Posteriorly, the epidural space is formed by the anterior lateral surface of the vertebral lamina and the ligamentum flavum. (medscape.com)
  • Laterally, the epidural space is formed by the pedicles of the vertebrae and the intravertebral foramen. (medscape.com)
  • The ligamentum flavum is used as the key landmark for identification of the epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • The images below show the interlaminar epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • Spinal epidural abscess can lead to irreversible neurologic damage or death if not treated expeditiously. (aafp.org)
  • Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon but serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality. (qxmd.com)
  • 2023. https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540206/all/Epidural_Abscess. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • Gross perisigmoid granular changes, however, are highly suggestive of an epidural abscess that warrants surgical intervention. (tau.ac.il)
  • Tight adherence of the dura to the skull limits expansion of intracranial epidural abscess, often resulting in dangerously increased intracranial pressure, which is a neurosurgical emergency. (medscape.com)