Epilepsy, Rolandic
Epilepsy
Epilepsy, Generalized
Electroencephalography
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
Epilepsies, Partial
Epilepsies, Myoclonic
Epilepsy, Reflex
Cerebral Cortex
Brain Mapping
Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Somatosensory Cortex
Motor Cortex
Functional Laterality
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe
Seizures
Brain
Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
MedlinePlus
Intellectual Disability
Facies
Sleep Deprivation
Tablets
Epilepsy, Absence
Pamphlets
Benign rolandic epilepsy: neuropsychological findings. (1/45)
Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is a partial idiopathic epilepsy of childhood presenting with a nocturnal seizure and with a typical EEG showing centrotemporal spike and multifocal or generalized sharp slow waves. Although normal neurological and intellectual development are expected in BRE, it is not infrequent to detect subtle defects in neuropsychological functions and neuromotor development. This study included 20 cases of BRE diagnosed according to the criteria of ILAE. The patients underwent several tests of neuropsychological functions as well as detailed neurological examination and the results were compared statistically to normal controls. In the patient group, a family history of language delay or learning disability (P < 0.005), presence of consanguinity (P < 0. 05), dyspraxia in the lower extremities (to imitation) (P < 0.05), difficulties in go-no-go test (P < 0.001), as well as some problems related to language such as dysprosody (P = 0.05), minor motor deficits in the left (P < 0.05) and right upper extremity (P < 0.05) were significantly more frequent compared to the control group. One should be rather guarded against the prognosis in BRE with respect to the higher cortical functions and neurodevelopmental problems. (+info)Benign rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic correlates. (2/45)
Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is known for its dissociation from structural alterations. Nevertheless, the number of cases with reported organic lesions has been increasing. This led to the creation of two subgroups, "benign" and "non benign" BRE, and resulted in the need for additional parameters to define electrographic benignity. We assessed the possible associations between interictal electroencephalographic findings and clinical behavior in 60 BRE cases, testing four parameters of electrographic benignity (paroxysm morphology, horizontal dipole, base rhythms, laterality of rolandic spikes). We also assessed the relationship between neuroimaging findings and electrographic and clinical classifications, and found a statistically significant association (sensitivity=73.5%; specificity=81.8%; positive predictive value=94. 8%; negative predictive value=40.9%). Three of the electrographic parameters proposed were associated with clinical classification: paroxysm morphology, horizontal dipole, and base rhythms. Cases electrographically classified as benign have 21 times more chances to be equally classified as clinically benign according with the tested criteria. (+info)Clinical correlations of electroencephalographic occipital epileptiform paroxysms in children. (3/45)
A longitudinal prospective approach was used to investigate clinical correlations of interictal occipital paroxysms with or without fixation-off sensitivity (FOS). Occipital paroxysms were recorded in the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 76 children with heterogeneous clinical conditions including seizures in 39 patients. Occipital paroxysms with FOS (42 patients ) were only fractionally more frequent than non-FOS (34 patients ) and were not specific of any clinical condition. Although present and FOS-related in all 11 children with benign childhood epilepsies with occipital paroxysms (CEOP), they were also frequently encountered in symptomatic occipital epilepsy. The differentiation of CEOP from other syndromes established on clinical grounds could also be aided by the analysis of background EEG activity that was frequently significantly more abnormal in symptomatic than CEOP. Clinical characteristics and ictal seizure semiology as well as follow-up clearly distinguish two type of idiopathic CEOP syndromes: (1) early onset type or Panayiotopoulos syndrome characterized by excellent prognosis and rare, prolonged nocturnal seizures with tonic deviations of the eyes and vomiting, and (2) late onset or Gastaut type showing a common ictal visual symptomatology, co-occurrence of migraine, diurnal complex partial seizures and less favourable EEG-clinical prognosis. (+info)Seizure's outcome after cortical resections including the face and tongue rolandic areas in patients with refractory epilepsy and normal MRI submitted to subdural grids' implantation. (4/45)
PURPOSE: To study the seizure's outcome in patients with refractory epilepsy and normal MRI submitted to resections including the rolandic cortex. METHODS: Four adult patients were studied. All patients had motor or somatosensory simple partial seizures and normal MRI and were submitted to subdural grids' implantation with extensive coverage of the cortical convexity (1 in the non-dominant and 3 in the dominant hemisphere). RESULTS: ECoG was able to define focal areas of seizures' onset in every patient. All patients were submitted to resection of the face and tongue motor and sensitive cortex; two patients had resections including the perirolandic cortex and 2 had additional cortical removals. Three patients are seizures' free and one had a greater then 90% reduction in seizure frequency. CONCLUSION: Resections including the face and tongue rolandic cortex can be safely performed even within the dominant hemisphere. (+info)Phenobarbital-induced atypical absence seizure in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. (5/45)
This report describes atypical absence seizures induced by phenobarbital (PB) in a patient with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. An 11-year-old girl had nocturnal motor seizures, beginning at the age of 7 years. Interictal EEG displayed centrotemporal sharp waves in the left and right sides alternatively, which increased significantly in frequency during sleep. She was given a diagnosis of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike and was treated with valproic acid (VPA), which controlled her seizures for 3 years. She experienced nocturnal Rolandic seizures again, at the age of 10 years 2 months, 10 years 10 months in spite of the regular medication, and PB 60 mg daily was added to the VPA. Her parents noted de novo a few seconds of unresponsive fits 7 days after PB administration. Ictal EEG of the fits revealed diffuse irregular spike and wave bursts (1-4 seconds). VPA and PB in her blood was within the therapeutic ranges. After discontinuing PB, the atypical absence seizures immediately disappeared. Phenobarbital should be added to the list of drugs that potentially provoke de novo seizures. (+info)Benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS): clinical characteristics of seizures according to age at first seizure. (6/45)
BECTS is characterized by the presence of simple partial motor seizures in the face and/or oropharynx, with or without sensory symptoms and often with secondary generalization. These seizures tend to occur more often during sleep or drowsiness. According to some authors, generalized seizures prevail over other types particularly among children aged five or less. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the first epileptic episode among children with BECTS, grouped by age as of their first epileptic seizure, as well as to analyze how such seizures change over the course of clinical evolution. A total of 61 children were examined, 16 of whom below the age of 5 and 45 above. With regard to the first and recurrent epileptic episodes, our final assessment showed that partial seizures occurred more frequently than generalized tonic-clonic seizures in both groups. Although no conclusive relation could be established between the type of partial seizure (i.e. simple versus complex) and the children's age as of their first epileptic episode, it was possible to correlate the type of epileptic seizure with their clinical evolution, in which case simple partial seizures proved to be more frequent than complex partial seizures. It should be noted that the number of children under the age of five was relatively small, which evidences the need for further studies. It should also be borne in mind that the reported frequency of generalized seizures in these children's first epileptic episode may be due to their parents' lack of attention and familiarity with this pathology and their attendant difficulty in characterizing its clinical symptoms. (+info)A comparison between averaged spikes and individual visually-analyzed spikes in rolandic epileptiform discharges. (7/45)
PURPOSE: This study compared some morphological features of individual rolandic epileptiform discharges, used to obtain an averaged estimate, with those of the resulting estimate. METHOD: Twenty-four averaged discharges from EEGs of 24 children showing rolandic spikes were compared with 480 individual discharges used in the averaging. The analysis was based on the occurrence of tangential dipole and "double spike" patterns. RESULTS: In 15 averaged discharges the tangential dipole pattern was found. Individual spikes used in the averaging process displayed the same pattern in 35-100% of them; in the remaining 9 averaged discharges, up to 20% of the individual spikes showed the same pattern, although this was not found in the averaged waveforms. "Double spike" pattern was found in 11 of the averaged waveforms and was recognized in 50-100% of its individual discharges, whereas up to 45% of individual spikes showed this pattern without expression in the averaged waveform. CONCLUSION: When visually analyzing an EEG with rolandic spikes, caution should be exercised in characterizing these patterns, since a few discharges showing them may not be expressed in the averaged waveform and the clinical correlations proposed for these patterns may not apply. (+info)Atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood (pseudo-Lennox syndrome): report of two brothers. (8/45)
Two brothers (3 and 2 year old) with characteristic findings of atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood (pseudo-Lennox syndrome) are reported, to emphasize the presence of a possibility of a genetic basis of this disorder and the importance of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), vigabatrin (VGB) and lamotrigine (LTG) therapy. Sleep EEGs of both the patients showed typical features of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. On follow-up, the convulsions were found to be resistant to numerous antiepileptic agents in one patient while they were easily controlled with LTG monotherapy in the other patient. In the elder brother, who was diagnosed as intractable epilepsy, the convulsions disappeared with IVIG and VGB. During the long term follow-up, they were seizure free for five and two years respectively, and their mental motor development was excellent. (+info)Rolandic epilepsy, also known as benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BFEC), is a type of epilepsy that primarily affects children. It is called "Rolandic" because the seizures often originate in or near the Rolandic area of the brain, which is involved in speech and motor function.
The hallmark feature of Rolandic epilepsy is focal seizures that typically involve tingling or numbness sensations on one side of the face, tongue, or mouth, followed by speech difficulties and sometimes weakness or jerking movements on one side of the body. These seizures usually occur during sleep or drowsiness and can cause awakening from sleep.
Rolandic epilepsy is typically outgrown by adolescence, and many children with this condition do not require long-term treatment. However, some children may experience cognitive or behavioral difficulties that warrant evaluation and management.
It's important to note that while Rolandic epilepsy is considered benign, it can still have a significant impact on a child's quality of life and daily functioning. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to ensure the best possible outcomes for children with this condition.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can result in a wide range of symptoms, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, and altered sensations or behaviors. Epilepsy can have many different causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infection, or stroke. In some cases, the cause may be unknown.
There are many different types of seizures that can occur in people with epilepsy, and the specific type of seizure will depend on the location and extent of the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Some people may experience only one type of seizure, while others may have several different types. Seizures can vary in frequency, from a few per year to dozens or even hundreds per day.
Epilepsy is typically diagnosed based on the patient's history of recurrent seizures and the results of an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures the electrical activity in the brain. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans may also be used to help identify any structural abnormalities in the brain that may be contributing to the seizures.
While there is no cure for epilepsy, it can often be effectively managed with medication. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the area of the brain responsible for the seizures. With proper treatment and management, many people with epilepsy are able to lead normal, productive lives.
Generalized epilepsy is a type of epilepsy characterized by seizures that involve both halves of the brain (generalized onset) from the beginning of the seizure. These types of seizures include tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, absence (petit mal) seizures, and myoclonic seizures. Generalized epilepsy can be caused by genetic factors or brain abnormalities, and it is typically treated with medication. People with generalized epilepsy may experience difficulties with learning, memory, and behavior, and they may have a higher risk of injury during a seizure. It's important for individuals with generalized epilepsy to work closely with their healthcare team to manage their condition and reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a medical procedure that records electrical activity in the brain. It uses small, metal discs called electrodes, which are attached to the scalp with paste or a specialized cap. These electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of brain cells, and the EEG machine then amplifies and records these signals.
EEG is used to diagnose various conditions related to the brain, such as seizures, sleep disorders, head injuries, infections, and degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. It can also be used during surgery to monitor brain activity and ensure that surgical procedures do not interfere with vital functions.
EEG is a safe and non-invasive procedure that typically takes about 30 minutes to an hour to complete, although longer recordings may be necessary in some cases. Patients are usually asked to relax and remain still during the test, as movement can affect the quality of the recording.
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a type of focal (localized) epilepsy that originates from the temporal lobes of the brain. The temporal lobes are located on each side of the brain and are involved in processing sensory information, memory, and emotion. TLE is characterized by recurrent seizures that originate from one or both temporal lobes.
The symptoms of TLE can vary depending on the specific area of the temporal lobe that is affected. However, common symptoms include auras (sensory or emotional experiences that occur before a seizure), strange smells or tastes, lip-smacking or chewing movements, and memory problems. Some people with TLE may also experience automatisms (involuntary movements such as picking at clothes or fumbling with objects) during their seizures.
Treatment for TLE typically involves medication to control seizures, although surgery may be recommended in some cases. The goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures and improve quality of life.
Epilepsy, partial is a type of epilepsy characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures that originate in a specific, localized area of the brain. These seizures are also known as focal seizures and can vary in severity and symptoms depending on the location of the abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Partial epilepsies can be further classified into two main categories: simple partial seizures and complex partial seizures. Simple partial seizures do not involve a loss of consciousness, while complex partial seizures are associated with impaired awareness or responsiveness during the seizure.
The causes of partial epilepsies can include brain injury, infection, stroke, tumors, genetic factors, or an unknown cause. Treatment typically involves anti-seizure medications, and in some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the specific area of the brain responsible for the seizures.
Myoclonic epilepsies are a group of epilepsy syndromes characterized by the presence of myoclonic seizures. A myoclonic seizure is a type of seizure that involves quick, involuntary muscle jerks or twitches. These seizures can affect one part of the body or multiple parts simultaneously and may vary in frequency and severity.
Myoclonic epilepsies can occur at any age but are more common in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Some myoclonic epilepsy syndromes have a genetic basis, while others may be associated with brain injury, infection, or other medical conditions.
Some examples of myoclonic epilepsy syndromes include:
1. Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME): This is the most common type of myoclonic epilepsy and typically begins in adolescence. It is characterized by myoclonic jerks, often occurring upon awakening or after a period of relaxation, as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
2. Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsies (PME): These are rare inherited disorders that typically begin in childhood or adolescence and involve both myoclonic seizures and other types of seizures. PMEs often progress to include cognitive decline, movement disorders, and other neurological symptoms.
3. Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS): This is a severe form of epilepsy that typically begins in early childhood and involves multiple types of seizures, including myoclonic seizures. LGS can be difficult to treat and often results in cognitive impairment and developmental delays.
4. Myoclonic Astatic Epilepsy (MAE): Also known as Doose syndrome, MAE is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by myoclonic seizures, atonic seizures (brief periods of muscle weakness or loss of tone), and other types of seizures. It often responds well to treatment with antiepileptic drugs.
The management of myoclonic epilepsies typically involves a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, dietary modifications. The specific treatment plan will depend on the type of myoclonic epilepsy and its underlying cause.
Anticonvulsants are a class of drugs used primarily to treat seizure disorders, also known as epilepsy. These medications work by reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. In addition to their use in treating epilepsy, anticonvulsants are sometimes also prescribed for other conditions, such as neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine headaches.
Anticonvulsants can work in different ways to reduce seizure activity. Some medications, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, work by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which helps to stabilize nerve cell membranes and prevent excessive electrical activity. Other medications, such as valproic acid and gabapentin, increase the levels of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which has a calming effect on nerve cells and helps to reduce seizure activity.
While anticonvulsants are generally effective at reducing seizure frequency and severity, they can also have side effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In some cases, these side effects may be managed by adjusting the dosage or switching to a different medication. It is important for individuals taking anticonvulsants to work closely with their healthcare provider to monitor their response to the medication and make any necessary adjustments.
Reflex epilepsy is a type of epilepsy in which seizures are consistently triggered by specific, recurring sensory stimuli. These triggers can vary widely and may include visual patterns, flashes of light, touch, sound, or even emotional experiences. When the brain receives input from these triggers, it responds with an abnormal electrical discharge that can lead to a seizure.
Reflex epilepsy is relatively rare, accounting for only about 5-10% of all epilepsy cases. It's important to note that not everyone who experiences seizures in response to these triggers has reflex epilepsy; the defining characteristic of this condition is the consistent and reproducible nature of the seizure response to a specific stimulus.
There are several different types of reflex epilepsy, each characterized by its own unique set of triggers. For example, some people with this condition may experience seizures in response to visual patterns or flashes of light (known as photosensitive epilepsy), while others may have seizures triggered by certain sounds or tactile sensations.
Treatment for reflex epilepsy typically involves identifying and avoiding triggers whenever possible, as well as using medication to control seizures. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the specific area of the brain that is responsible for the abnormal electrical activity. With proper treatment and management, many people with reflex epilepsy are able to lead full and active lives.
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain, characterized by its intricate folded structure and wrinkled appearance. It is a region of great importance as it plays a key role in higher cognitive functions such as perception, consciousness, thought, memory, language, and attention. The cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres, each containing four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. These areas are responsible for different functions, with some regions specializing in sensory processing while others are involved in motor control or associative functions. The cerebral cortex is composed of gray matter, which contains neuronal cell bodies, and is covered by a layer of white matter that consists mainly of myelinated nerve fibers.
Brain mapping is a broad term that refers to the techniques used to understand the structure and function of the brain. It involves creating maps of the various cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in the brain by correlating these processes with physical locations or activities within the nervous system. Brain mapping can be accomplished through a variety of methods, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, electroencephalography (EEG), and others. These techniques allow researchers to observe which areas of the brain are active during different tasks or thoughts, helping to shed light on how the brain processes information and contributes to our experiences and behaviors. Brain mapping is an important area of research in neuroscience, with potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is a genetic condition that is characterized by the occurrence of myoclonic seizures, which are sudden, brief, shock-like jerks of muscles typically occurring in the arms and legs. These seizures usually begin in adolescence or early adulthood, between 12 to 18 years of age.
JME is a type of generalized epilepsy, meaning that it involves abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain rather than just one area. In addition to myoclonic seizures, individuals with JME may also experience absence seizures (brief periods of staring and unresponsiveness) and/or tonic-clonic seizures (generalized convulsions).
The condition is often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene mutation from a parent with JME. However, not all cases are familial, and some may result from new genetic changes (mutations) that occur spontaneously.
JME is typically treated with anticonvulsant medications such as valproate or lamotrigine to control seizures. Lifestyle modifications, including avoiding sleep deprivation, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption, may also help reduce the frequency of seizures. With appropriate treatment, most individuals with JME can lead normal or near-normal lives.
Tonic-clonic epilepsy, also known as grand mal epilepsy, is a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain. This type of epilepsy is characterized by two distinct phases: the tonic phase and the clonic phase.
During the tonic phase, which usually lasts for about 10-20 seconds, the person loses consciousness and their muscles stiffen, causing them to fall to the ground. This can result in injuries if the person falls unexpectedly or hits an object on the way down.
The clonic phase follows immediately after the tonic phase and is characterized by rhythmic jerking movements of the limbs, face, and neck. These movements are caused by alternating contractions and relaxations of the muscles and can last for several minutes. The person may also lose bladder or bowel control during this phase.
After the seizure, the person may feel tired, confused, and disoriented. They may also have a headache, sore muscles, and difficulty remembering what happened during the seizure.
Tonic-clonic epilepsy can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain injury, infection, or stroke. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as an electroencephalogram (EEG) or imaging studies. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or dietary changes, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the seizures.
Medical Definition:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.
The somatosensory cortex is a part of the brain located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, which is responsible for processing sensory information from the body. It receives and integrates tactile, proprioceptive, and thermoception inputs from the skin, muscles, joints, and internal organs, allowing us to perceive and interpret touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration, position, and movement of our body parts. The somatosensory cortex is organized in a map-like manner, known as the sensory homunculus, where each body part is represented according to its relative sensitivity and density of innervation. This organization allows for precise localization and discrimination of tactile stimuli across the body surface.
The motor cortex is a region in the frontal lobe of the brain that is responsible for controlling voluntary movements. It is involved in planning, initiating, and executing movements of the limbs, body, and face. The motor cortex contains neurons called Betz cells, which have large cell bodies and are responsible for transmitting signals to the spinal cord to activate muscles. Damage to the motor cortex can result in various movement disorders such as hemiplegia or paralysis on one side of the body.
Functional laterality, in a medical context, refers to the preferential use or performance of one side of the body over the other for specific functions. This is often demonstrated in hand dominance, where an individual may be right-handed or left-handed, meaning they primarily use their right or left hand for tasks such as writing, eating, or throwing.
However, functional laterality can also apply to other bodily functions and structures, including the eyes (ocular dominance), ears (auditory dominance), or legs. It's important to note that functional laterality is not a strict binary concept; some individuals may exhibit mixed dominance or no strong preference for one side over the other.
In clinical settings, assessing functional laterality can be useful in diagnosing and treating various neurological conditions, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, where understanding any resulting lateralized impairments can inform rehabilitation strategies.
Complex partial epilepsy, also known as temporal lobe epilepsy or focal impaired awareness epilepsy, is a type of epilepsy characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures that originate in the temporal lobe or other localized areas of the brain. These seizures typically involve alterations in consciousness or awareness, and may include automatisms (involuntary, repetitive movements), such as lip smacking, fidgeting, or picking at clothes. Complex partial seizures can last from a few seconds to several minutes and may be followed by a post-ictal period of confusion or fatigue.
Complex partial epilepsy is often associated with structural abnormalities in the brain, such as hippocampal sclerosis, tumors, or malformations. It can also be caused by infectious or inflammatory processes, vascular disorders, or genetic factors. The diagnosis of complex partial epilepsy typically involves a thorough neurological evaluation, including a detailed history of seizure symptoms, neuroimaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans), and electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity during and between seizures.
Treatment for complex partial epilepsy usually involves medication therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In some cases, surgery may be recommended if medications are not effective in controlling seizures or if there is a structural lesion that can be safely removed. Other treatment options may include dietary modifications, such as the ketogenic diet, or vagus nerve stimulation.
Frontal lobe epilepsy is a type of focal epilepsy, which means that the seizures originate from a specific area in the brain called the frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is located at the front part of the brain and is responsible for various functions such as motor function, problem-solving, decision making, emotional expression, and social behavior.
In frontal lobe epilepsy, seizures can be quite varied in their presentation, but they often occur during sleep or wakefulness and may include symptoms such as:
* Brief staring spells or automatisms (such as lip smacking, chewing, or fumbling movements)
* Sudden and frequent falls or drops
* Vocalizations or sounds
* Complex behaviors, such as agitation, aggression, or sexual arousal
* Auras or warning sensations before the seizure
Frontal lobe epilepsy can be difficult to diagnose due to the varied nature of the seizures and their occurrence during sleep. Diagnostic tests such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and imaging studies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves medication, but in some cases, surgery may be recommended if medications are not effective or cause significant side effects.
A seizure is an uncontrolled, abnormal firing of neurons (brain cells) that can cause various symptoms such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, altered awareness, or changes in behavior. Seizures can be caused by a variety of factors including epilepsy, brain injury, infection, toxic substances, or genetic disorders. They can also occur without any identifiable cause, known as idiopathic seizures. Seizures are a medical emergency and require immediate attention.
The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:
1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.
The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a type of epilepsy that is caused by brain injury or trauma. The head injury can be either traumatic (such as from a car accident, fall, or physical assault) or non-traumatic (such as stroke, infection, or brain tumor).
In PTE, the first seizure occurs within one week to one year after the initial injury. The seizures may be immediate (within the first 24 hours of the injury) or delayed (occurring more than one week after the injury).
PTE is characterized by recurrent seizures that are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These seizures can vary in severity and frequency, and may cause a range of symptoms such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, and altered sensations or emotions.
The diagnosis of PTE is typically made based on the patient's history of head trauma, along with the results of an electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuroimaging studies such as MRI or CT scans. Treatment for PTE may include medication to control seizures, as well as surgery or other interventions in some cases.
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) is a rare childhood neurological disorder characterized by the sudden or gradual development of an aphasia (language disturbance), which is often accompanied by various seizure types. It primarily affects children between the ages of 5 and 7, with normal language development followed by a regression.
The hallmark of LKS is the loss of the ability to understand spoken language (receptive aphasia) and, in some cases, the inability to speak (expressive aphasia). This language disorder may occur either suddenly or gradually, and it can sometimes be accompanied by various types of epileptic seizures.
The EEG (electroencephalogram), which measures electrical activity in the brain, often shows abnormalities during sleep stages in children with LKS. However, these abnormalities may not always correlate with the occurrence of seizures.
Although the exact cause of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is unknown, it's believed to be related to an abnormality in the language-dominant hemisphere (usually the left) of the brain. Treatment typically involves anti-seizure medications and, in some cases, corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapies. Speech and language therapy are also crucial components of treatment to help children regain their communication skills.
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Intellectual disability (ID) is a term used when there are significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.
Intellectual functioning, also known as intelligence, refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills. Adaptive behavior includes skills needed for day-to-day life, such as communication, self-care, social skills, safety judgement, and basic academic skills.
Intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. It can be mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on the degree of limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
It's important to note that people with intellectual disabilities have unique strengths and limitations, just like everyone else. With appropriate support and education, they can lead fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities in many ways.
"Facies" is a medical term that refers to the typical appearance of a person or part of the body, particularly the face, which may provide clues about their underlying medical condition or genetic background. A specific facies is often associated with certain syndromes or disorders. For example, a "downsyndrome facies" refers to the distinctive facial features commonly found in individuals with Down syndrome, such as a flattened nasal bridge, almond-shaped eyes, and an upward slant to the eyelids.
It's important to note that while facies can provide valuable diagnostic information, it should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings and genetic testing to make a definitive diagnosis. Additionally, facies should be described objectively and without judgment, as they are simply physical characteristics associated with certain medical conditions.
Sleep deprivation is a condition that occurs when an individual fails to get sufficient quality sleep or the recommended amount of sleep, typically 7-9 hours for adults. This can lead to various physical and mental health issues. It can be acute, lasting for one night or a few days, or chronic, persisting over a longer period.
The consequences of sleep deprivation include:
1. Fatigue and lack of energy
2. Difficulty concentrating or remembering things
3. Mood changes, such as irritability or depression
4. Weakened immune system
5. Increased appetite and potential weight gain
6. Higher risk of accidents due to decreased reaction time
7. Health problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease over time
Sleep deprivation can be caused by various factors, including stress, shift work, sleep disorders like insomnia or sleep apnea, poor sleep hygiene, and certain medications. It's essential to address the underlying causes of sleep deprivation to ensure proper rest and overall well-being.
In the context of medical terminology, tablets refer to pharmaceutical dosage forms that contain various active ingredients. They are often manufactured in a solid, compressed form and can be administered orally. Tablets may come in different shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors, depending on their intended use and the manufacturer's specifications.
Some tablets are designed to disintegrate or dissolve quickly in the mouth, making them easier to swallow, while others are formulated to release their active ingredients slowly over time, allowing for extended drug delivery. These types of tablets are known as sustained-release or controlled-release tablets.
Tablets may contain a single active ingredient or a combination of several ingredients, depending on the intended therapeutic effect. They are typically manufactured using a variety of excipients, such as binders, fillers, and disintegrants, which help to hold the tablet together and ensure that it breaks down properly when ingested.
Overall, tablets are a convenient and widely used dosage form for administering medications, offering patients an easy-to-use and often palatable option for receiving their prescribed treatments.
Absence epilepsy is a type of epilepsy characterized by recurrent brief episodes of "absences," or staring spells, that can last from a few seconds to several minutes. These episodes are often accompanied by subtle body movements such as lip smacking or eyelid flutters. Absence epilepsy is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents, and it is more common in girls than boys.
The seizures in absence epilepsy are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, specifically in a part of the brain called the cortex. These abnormal electrical discharges occur in a pattern that involves both sides of the brain simultaneously. This differs from other types of epilepsy, which may involve only one side of the brain or specific areas within a single hemisphere.
Absence seizures are typically brief and do not cause confusion or disorientation after they end. However, if they occur frequently, they can interfere with learning and social development. In some cases, absence epilepsy may be associated with other types of seizures, such as generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures or myoclonic jerks.
The diagnosis of absence epilepsy is usually made based on the characteristic symptoms and the results of an electroencephalogram (EEG), which can detect the abnormal electrical activity in the brain during a seizure. Treatment typically involves medication to control the seizures, such as ethosuximide or valproic acid. In some cases, a ketogenic diet may also be recommended as an alternative treatment option.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pamphlets" is not a medical term. It refers to a small paper booklet or leaflet that can be used to provide information on various topics, including non-medical subjects. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!
Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, and autonomic nervous system. Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in this field, diagnosing and treating conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and various types of headaches and pain disorders. They use a variety of diagnostic tests, including imaging studies like MRI and CT scans, electrophysiological tests like EEG and EMG, and laboratory tests to evaluate nerve function and identify any underlying conditions or abnormalities. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, rehabilitation, or lifestyle modifications.
Rolandic epilepsy
List of OMIM disorder codes
James Rutka
GRIN disorder
ELP4
C16orf78
SRPX2
Georg Winterer
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Functional Brain Topography
Nuclear receptor 4A2
Idiopathic childhood occipital epilepsy of Gastaut
Epilepsy and driving
Focal seizure
Zoe Wees
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia
Clobazam
Epilepsy syndromes
Epilepsy
Sultiame
Panayiotopoulos syndrome
Luigi Rolando
List of eponymous diseases
BRE
Cortical stimulation mapping
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Functional specialization (brain)
Electroencephalography
Rolandic epilepsy - Wikipedia
DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING IN ROLANDIC EPILEPSY - Research output - King's College London
Identification of new risk factors for rolandic epilepsy: CNV at Xp22.31 and alterations at cholinergic synapses | Journal of...
EEG in Common Epilepsy Syndromes: Role of EEG in Epilepsy Syndromes, Neonatal Seizures, Infantile Spasms and West Syndrome
Neurological and neuropsychological characteristics in rolandic epilepsy
Mutations in GRIN2A cause idiopathic focal epilepsy with rolandic spikes
Brain & Nervous System | Dayton Children's Hospital
A microRNA-328 binding site in PAX6 is associated with centrotemporal spikes of rolandic epilepsy<...
Epilepsy-aphasia spectrum: MedlinePlus Genetics
Rare variants in γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor genes in rolandic epilepsy and related syndromes. - Oxford Cardiovascular...
Kidshealth - Diseases & Conditions | Akron Children's Hospital
Thieme E-Books & E-Journals - Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: Intellectual "disability," autosomal dominant 20
Epilepsy in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Workup: Laboratory Studies, Psychological, Occupational, and Educational Tests, MRI, PET, and...
sensitive kids Archives -PediaCast
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies - NCBI Bookshelf
Free EEG Flashcards about Waveforms & Findings
Sleep and epilepsy: unfortunate bedfellows | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Feedback on Soma Side Effects and Usage, page 17 - AskDocWeb.com
EEG in the diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with epilepsy | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg - Team
Nora's Epilepsy Story | Oregon Keto Kids
Michael D. Privitera, MD
French Information Sheets - BC Epilepsy Society
Nerve Conduction Studies
Evidencias en pediatría
Centrotemporal spikes6
- Benign Rolandic epilepsy or self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (formerly benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood. (wikipedia.org)
- The conditions in the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum, which all begin in childhood, include Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS), epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep syndrome (ECSWS), autosomal dominant rolandic epilepsy with speech dyspraxia (ADRESD), intermediate epilepsy-aphasia disorder (IEAD), atypical childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ACECTS), and childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS). (medlineplus.gov)
- Atypical features in benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) are not uncommon. (elsevierpure.com)
- Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) is the new name for the previous epilepsy syndrome of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. (medlink.com)
- Thus, the new term "self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes" (SeLECTS) was proposed for this epilepsy syndrome. (medlink.com)
- Sleep related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes or benign rolandic epilepsy (BECTS), and Panayiotopoulos Syndrome (PS) are three of the most frequently implicated epilepsies occurring during the sleep state. (elsevierpure.com)
Seizures35
- The seizures, sometimes referred to as sylvian seizures, start around the central sulcus of the brain (also called the centrotemporal area, located around the Rolandic fissure, after Luigi Rolando). (wikipedia.org)
- The cardinal features of Rolandic epilepsy are infrequent, often single, focal seizures consisting of: a. unilateral facial sensorimotor symptoms (30% of patients) b. oropharyngolaryngeal manifestations (53% of patients) c. speech arrest (40% of patients), and d. hypersalivation (30% of patients) Hemifacial sensorimotor seizures are often entirely localised in the lower lip or spread to the ipsilateral hand. (wikipedia.org)
- Consciousness and recollection are fully retained in more than half (58%) of Rolandic seizures. (wikipedia.org)
- Duration and circadian distribution: Rolandic seizures are usually brief, lasting for 1-3 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
- Other seizure types: Despite prominent hypersalivation, focal seizures with primarily autonomic manifestations (autonomic seizures) are not considered part of the core clinical syndrome of Rolandic epilepsy. (wikipedia.org)
- However, some children may present with independent autonomic seizures or seizures with mixed Rolandic-autonomic manifestations including emesis as in Panayiotopoulos syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Background Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common genetic childhood epilepsy, consisting of focal, nocturnal seizures and frequent neurodevelopmental impairments in speech, language, literacy and attention. (bmj.com)
- Symptomatic epilepsy is defined as seizures resulting from an identifiable cerebral disorder. (medscape.com)
- Cryptogenic epilepsy consists of seizures that occur without an identifiable cause in a patient with cognitive impairment or with neurologic deficits (eg, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), infantile spasms [see the first image below], and myoclonic astatic epilepsy of Doose. (medscape.com)
- Rolandic epilepsy (ER) corresponds to 15 - 25 percent of all childhood epilepsy prior to fifteen years of age, characterized by partial or generalized seizures, which typically occur during sleep or waking hours. (bvsalud.org)
- Kids with benign rolandic epilepsy have seizures that involve twitching, numbness, or tingling of the face or tongue. (childrensdayton.org)
- Many people with conditions in this spectrum develop recurrent seizures (epilepsy), and some have mild to severe intellectual disability. (medlineplus.gov)
- Epilepsy in children is a condition that causes seizures. (clevelandclinic.org)
- While epilepsy causes seizures, not all seizures are the result of epilepsy in children. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Affecting an estimated 15% of children diagnosed with epilepsy, Rolandic epilepsy seizures happen when falling asleep or waking up. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Common during puberty, myoclonic epilepsy seizures cause uncontrolled muscle movements like twitching and jerking their arms around. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Seizures are the main symptom of epilepsy in children. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Epilepsy-specific quality of life is not determined solely by seizures, but rather by factors such as a child's learning, mental health, sleep and social support. (bmj.com)
- Differences in paracingulate connectivity associated with epileptiform discharges and uncontrolled seizures in genetic generalized epilepsy. (uc.edu)
- Comparisons of childhood trauma, alexithymia, and defensive styles in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures vs. epilepsy: Implications for the etiology of conversion disorder. (uc.edu)
- Neurologists have recently stressed the importance of quickly finding an effective treatment in childhood epilepsy because children have the best chance of recovering and avoiding long term impairment (learning difficulty, etc.) if seizures are controlled early. (oregonstate.edu)
- Seizures involving the rolandic region of the brain are characteristic of this type of epilepsy. (medigac.com)
- In cases when the onset of seizures is preceded by a febrile illness, these rare conditions are referred to as FIRES (Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome). (epilepsygenetics.net)
- Sleep-related epilepsy is nocturnal seizures that manifest solely during the sleep state. (elsevierpure.com)
- Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain characterised by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures, unprovoked by any immediate central nervous system insult, and by the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of seizure recurrences. (medanta.org)
- Recurrent seizures are the most common symptom of epilepsy, however there are other signs and symptoms that may indicate epilepsy. (medanta.org)
- Kids with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy have myoclonic seizures that usually begin during the teen years. (kidshealth.org)
- Different types of seizures can happen in juvenile myoclonic (my-uh-KLON-ik) epilepsy. (kidshealth.org)
- Seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy typically happen within 30 minutes of waking up in the morning or after a nap. (kidshealth.org)
- People with epilepsy have repeated seizures . (kidshealth.org)
- Often, kids with epilepsy have both generalized seizures and focal seizures. (kidshealth.org)
- Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures and by the neurobiologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. (clinicalgate.com)
- Thus, the occurrence of a single seizure or of febrile seizures does not necessarily imply the diagnosis of epilepsy. (clinicalgate.com)
- Seizure disorder is a general term that is usually used to include any one of several disorders including epilepsy, febrile seizures, and possibly single seizures and seizures secondary to metabolic, infectious, or other etiologies (e.g., hypocalcemia, meningitis). (clinicalgate.com)
- Psychological trauma, somatization, dissociation, and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures compared with those in patients with intractable partial epilepsy. (epilepsygroup.com)
Spikes2
- Focal or biphasic spikes in the left or right Rolandic head regions (C3, C4, T3, or T4) independently during drowsiness. (studystack.com)
- The childhood epilepsies traditionally referred to as Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE) or benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS) have had various names in the past, which reflects somewhat the difficulties of fully putting this group of seizure disorders into clear categories. (epilepsygenetics.net)
Atypical4
- OBJECTIVE: To test whether mutations in γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA -R) subunit genes contribute to the etiology of rolandic epilepsy (RE) or its atypical variants (ARE). (ox.ac.uk)
- 16p11.2 600 kb duplications confer risk for typical and atypical Rolandic epilepsy. (ukgm.de)
- While most presentations are relatively mild and self-limited childhood epilepsies, a sizeable fraction of these non-lesional focal epilepsies have an atypical course. (epilepsygenetics.net)
- A recent publication examined the genetic basis of self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood and found interesting new candidate genes in atypical presentations. (epilepsygenetics.net)
Idiopathic8
- Neurologic examination and imaging in the essential idiopathic, typically genetic, epilepsies are usually normal. (medscape.com)
- Normal background suggests primary epilepsy (ie, idiopathic or possibly genetic epilepsy). (medscape.com)
- Epilepsy syndromes include symptomatic, cryogenic, and idiopathic epilepsy. (medscape.com)
- Electroencephalogram demonstrating polyspike and wave discharges, which can be seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. (medscape.com)
- Electroencephalogram demonstrating a run of generalized polyspikes, which are more left predominant and can be seen in idiopathic generalized epilepsies. (medscape.com)
- This week, Dr. Monica Aleman presented an overview at the Platinum Summit in San Antonio of Juvenile Idiopathic Epilepsy (JIE) in Egyptian Arabian foals-an epileptic syndrome similar to one found in infants. (farms.com)
- More than half of epilepsy cases are idiopathic, meaning there's no clear cause. (kidshealth.org)
- Idiopathic epilepsy is an epilepsy syndrome that is genetic or presumed genetic and in which there is no underlying disorder affecting development or other neurologic function (e.g., petit mal epilepsy). (clinicalgate.com)
Juvenile myocloni8
- Electroencephalogram demonstrating polyspike and wave discharges seen in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. (medscape.com)
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (or JME for short) is a common type of epilepsy that usually begins in teenage years (12-18 years old). (childhoodepilepsy.org)
- This kind of seizure is the most common type in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and is the hallmark of this condition. (kidshealth.org)
- The cause of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy isn't known, but it tends to run in families. (kidshealth.org)
- How Is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Diagnosed? (kidshealth.org)
- How Is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Treated? (kidshealth.org)
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a lifelong condition. (kidshealth.org)
- Elevated impulsivity is a key component of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). (bvsalud.org)
Syndromes3
- EEG characteristics of these specific electroclinical epilepsy syndromes are discussed in this article. (medscape.com)
- Rare variants in γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor genes in rolandic epilepsy and related syndromes. (ox.ac.uk)
- They can be found in a number of epilepsy syndromes, each with its own set of symptoms. (medigac.com)
BECTS1
- In the present review, we aim to discuss the predominance of sleep-related epilepsy during NREM, established familial links to the pathogenesis of SHE, BECTS and PS, and highlight the present available pharmacotherapy options. (elsevierpure.com)
Genetics3
- Our research explores the genetics of childhood epilepsy in order to improve the outlook for both diagnosis and treatment. (childhoodepilepsy.org)
- Quite a lot has happened since then in epilepsy genetics, including the discovery of at least twenty additional genes, initial clinical trials, and large-scale studies such as our Epi25 initiative. (epilepsygenetics.net)
- The genetics of the rolandic epilepsies and the related epilepsy-aphasia spectrum are tightly linked to GRIN2A , the most prominent gene in this group of conditions. (epilepsygenetics.net)
Childhood epilepsies2
- Childhood epilepsies include some of the simplest as well as the most difficult seizure types to treat. (childhoodepilepsy.org)
- Chilhoodepilepsy.org is the website for Pal Neuro Lab at King's College London, where you can find out what studies we are working on, as well as reliable information for families about the different childhood epilepsies that we study. (childhoodepilepsy.org)
Type of epilepsy2
- Infantile spasms are a severe type of epilepsy that affects infants when they fall asleep or wake up. (clevelandclinic.org)
- The age when epilepsy in children starts varies based on what type of epilepsy your child has. (clevelandclinic.org)
Syndrome10
- It is an effective treatment for many epilepsy types, such as Jaron's Doose Syndrome, and can be effective for epilepsy with an unknown cause, such as Nora's. (oregonstate.edu)
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of epilepsy that usually manifests in early childhood or infancy. (medigac.com)
- Dravet syndrome is a rare, drug-resistant epilepsy that strikes an otherwise healthy infant in the first year of life. (medigac.com)
- It was first reported in the 1950s and is now recognized as the most frequent epilepsy syndrome in children between the ages of 4 and 13 years. (medlink.com)
- The term "benign" was applied to this syndrome to differentiate it from other sinister causes for focal epilepsies. (medlink.com)
- Kids with Down syndrome , autism , and some metabolic disorders also may have epilepsy. (kidshealth.org)
- In general, seizure type is the primary determinant of the type of medications the patient is likely to respond to, and the epilepsy syndrome determines the type of prognosis one could expect. (clinicalgate.com)
- An epileptic encephalopathy is an epilepsy syndrome in which the severe EEG abnormality is thought to result in cognitive and other impairments in the patient. (clinicalgate.com)
- Symptomatic epilepsy is an epilepsy syndrome caused by an underlying brain disorder (e.g., epilepsy secondary to tuberous sclerosis). (clinicalgate.com)
- A cryptogenic epilepsy (also termed presumed symptomatic epilepsy ) is an epilepsy syndrome in which there is a presumed underlying brain disorder causing the epilepsy and affecting neurologic function, but the underlying disorder is not known. (clinicalgate.com)
Types of epilepsy6
- What are the types of epilepsy in children? (clevelandclinic.org)
- There are several types of epilepsy in children. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Some types of epilepsy also respond particularly well to the diet, so the diet should be the first choice of treatment in those cases. (oregonstate.edu)
- Many types of epilepsy only occur in childhood, often starting and finishing before 16 years of age. (childhoodepilepsy.org)
- There are treatments for many types of epilepsy (EP-eh-lep-see). (kidshealth.org)
- Some types of epilepsy run in families. (kidshealth.org)
Clinical7
- Since then, basic and clinical researchers in epilepsy have gathered together about every 14 years to assess where epilepsy research has been, what it has accomplished, and where it should go. (nih.gov)
- These wide ranges can be explained partly by diverse case selection and differences in clinical requirements for diagnosis of epilepsy in population studies of EEG specificity and sensitivity. (bmj.com)
- Secondly, correlation between different EEG patterns and epilepsy varies, and only IED are associated with seizure disorders at a sufficiently high rate to be of clinical use. (bmj.com)
- Some types of epileptiform phenomena-3 per second spike wave discharge, hypsarrhythmia, and generalised photoparoxysmal response-are strongly correlated with clinical epilepsy, whereas focal sharp waves in centro-temporal or occipital regions have moderate association with clinically active epilepsy. (bmj.com)
- Bioequivalence Between Generic and Branded Lamotrigine in People With Epilepsy: The EQUIGEN Randomized Clinical Trial. (uc.edu)
- Our epilepsy research is aimed at understanding the basic level of cause and mechanism, as well as the clinical level of symptom management. (childhoodepilepsy.org)
- The clinical diagnosis of epilepsy usually requires the occurrence of at least 1 unprovoked epileptic seizure with either a second such seizure or enough EEG and clinical information to convincingly demonstrate an enduring predisposition to develop recurrences. (clinicalgate.com)
Absence epilepsy2
- Absence epilepsy causes short moments when your child experiences confusion and stares off into the distance. (clevelandclinic.org)
- During an absence epilepsy seizure, your child won't be able to respond if you talk to them. (clevelandclinic.org)
Seizure disorders3
- EEG continues to play a central role in diagnosis and management of patients with seizure disorders-in conjunction with the now remarkable variety of other diagnostic techniques developed over the last 30 or so years-because it is a convenient and relatively inexpensive way to demonstrate the physiological manifestations of abnormal cortical excitability that underlie epilepsy. (bmj.com)
- The Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group doctors work steadily every year to advance knowledge of epilepsy diagnosis and treatment and other seizure disorders (e.g. psychogenic non-epileptic seizires). (epilepsygroup.com)
- In addition, our doctors' research and published articles on epilepsy and seizure disorders in peer reviewed journals can also be found below. (epilepsygroup.com)
Form of epilepsy2
- In the same year, Loiseau and colleagues presented an electroclinical series of 122 children with what they called "a particular form of epilepsy in childhood," stressing its benign character. (medlink.com)
- Rolandic epilepsy is a common form of epilepsy in children which occurs primarily during sleep. (gesundheitsindustrie-bw.de)
Cognitive Dysfunction2
- Rolandic epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction, is it really a benign entity? (evidenciasenpediatria.es)
- although the limitations of the study make necessary to assess with caution the magnitude of the cognitive dysfunction in rolandic epilepsy, it seems clear that this association exists. (evidenciasenpediatria.es)
Etiology2
- This study provides, for the first time, evidence of a noncoding genomic variant contributing to the etiology of a common human epilepsy via a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. (elsevierpure.com)
- In the last several decades, sleep-related epilepsy has drawn considerable attention among epileptologists and neuroscientists in the interest of new paradigms of the disease etiology, pathogenesis and management. (elsevierpure.com)
Discharges2
- It is crucial to recognise that a normal EEG does not exclude epilepsy, as around 10% of patients with epilepsy never show epileptiform discharges. (bmj.com)
- Short sounds played during sleep can partially suppress the neuronal discharges characteristic of epilepsy. (gesundheitsindustrie-bw.de)
People with epilepsy4
- Generic-to-generic lamotrigine switches in people with epilepsy: the randomised controlled EQUIGEN trial. (uc.edu)
- Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries. (medanta.org)
- The risk of premature death in people with epilepsy is up to three times higher than in the general population. (medanta.org)
- INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of mental health symptoms in people with epilepsy (PWE) is elevated compared with that of the general population. (bvsalud.org)
Outgrow1
- Further, this disorder resembles some inherited epileptic disorders in children such as Rolandic epilepsy in which children also outgrow epilepsy as they mature. (farms.com)
Dysfunction2
- Abnormalities of background cerebral rhythms, focal slow activity or regional attenuation are much less specific than epileptiform activity, although they can indicate localised structural pathology underlying the seizure disorder, or diffuse cortical dysfunction as in symptomatic generalised epilepsies. (bmj.com)
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis dysfunction in epilepsy. (uc.edu)
Symptomatic1
- However, interictal background EEG frequencies that are slower than normal for age usually suggest a symptomatic epilepsy (ie, epilepsy secondary to brain insult). (medscape.com)
Petit mal epilepsy1
- Its potential applications in epilepsy rapidly became clear, when Gibbs and colleagues in Boston demonstrated 3 per second spike wave discharge in what was then termed petit mal epilepsy. (bmj.com)
Ketogenic Diet2
- Does the Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy Work? (oregonstate.edu)
- Our families tried the ketogenic diet to treat our children's epilepsies because medications were not working, and we stuck with it because the diet worked. (oregonstate.edu)
GRIN2A2
- Five patients with RE carried a rare CNV that disrupted genes associated with other epilepsies ( KCTD7 , ARHGEF15 , CACNA2D1, GRIN2A and ARHGEF4 ), and 17 cases carried CNVs that disrupted genes associated with other neurological conditions or that are involved in neuronal signalling/development. (bmj.com)
- Variants (also known as mutations) in the GRIN2A gene can cause conditions in the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum. (medlineplus.gov)
Child's epilepsy2
- As a parent, you have choices about your child's epilepsy treatment. (oregonstate.edu)
- Therefore, it is important to be aware of this when considering a child's epilepsy diagnosis. (childhoodepilepsy.org)
Luigi Rolando1
- The Rolandic (centrotemporal) region is named after Luigi Rolando (1773-1831), an Italian anatomist known for his pioneer research in localization of function in the human brain. (medlink.com)
Pediatric epilepsy1
- You might hear your child's healthcare provider refer to their condition as pediatric epilepsy or seizure disorder. (clevelandclinic.org)
Genes1
- We were unable to identify genetic causes for FIRES, but we found interesting candidate genes and demonstrated that the genetic architecture of FIRES is substantially different from what we see in other genetic epilepsies. (epilepsygenetics.net)
Antiepileptic1
- Antiepileptic drugs, as well as other non-pharmacological epilepsy interventions can all affect sleep quality. (bmj.com)
Causes epilepsy1
- Uncontrolled electrical activity in your child's brain causes epilepsy in children. (clevelandclinic.org)
Kind of epilepsy3
- These results challenge current conceptions of this kind of epilepsy as a benign disease or of limited specific or localized cognitive effect. (evidenciasenpediatria.es)
- Basically what I know from the crash course I've had over the last two days is that if you had to go to the epilepsy store and buy a kind of epilepsy for your kid, this one is the one you should get. (lookydaddy.com)
- The kind of epilepsy that somone has depends on the seizure type . (kidshealth.org)
Patients with epilepsy1
- Temporal sampling is also limited, and the relatively short duration of routine interictal EEG recording is one reason why patients with epilepsy may not show interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) in the first EEG study. (bmj.com)
Treatment for epilepsy2
- Parents and children are key team players in dietary treatment for epilepsy. (oregonstate.edu)
- Surgical treatment for epilepsy remains underutilized, due, in part, to misconceptions about this alternative therapy. (medanta.org)
Diagnosis3
- To receive an epilepsy diagnosis, a healthcare provider will examine whether your child has more than one seizure that isn't caused by an underlying medical condition. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Table 1 lists the areas in epilepsy diagnosis and management for which interictal and ictal EEG are useful, strongly so in some, but in a more limited way in others. (bmj.com)
- Epileptiform activity is specific, but not sensitive, for diagnosis of epilepsy as the cause of a transient loss of consciousness or other paroxysmal event that is clinically likely to be epilepsy. (bmj.com)
Children5
- however, CECTS is one of the most common forms of epilepsy in children, accounting for 8 to 25 percent of cases. (medlineplus.gov)
- How common is epilepsy in children? (clevelandclinic.org)
- What are the symptoms of epilepsy in children? (clevelandclinic.org)
- At what age do epilepsy symptoms start in children? (clevelandclinic.org)
- children with rolandic epilepsy display a profile of pervasive cognitive difficulties. (evidenciasenpediatria.es)
Spectrum5
- The epilepsy-aphasia spectrum is a group of conditions that have overlapping signs and symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- Another feature of epilepsy-aphasia spectrum disorders is certain patterns of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which are detected by a test called an electroencephalogram (EEG). (medlineplus.gov)
- CECTS is at the mild end of the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum. (medlineplus.gov)
- The other conditions in the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum are less common and fall in the middle of the spectrum. (medlineplus.gov)
- The prevalence of the epilepsy-aphasia spectrum is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
Epileptic1
- Surgery - In some cases of epilepsy, surgery is indicated where the epileptic foci can be removed or structurally altered so that the need of medicine can be decreased or sometimes stopped altogether. (medanta.org)
Symptoms2
- These symptoms can negatively impact epilepsy management and patient outcomes but can be treated once recognised. (bvsalud.org)
- Unfortunately, mental health symptoms are rarely addressed in epilepsy services due to time constraints, lack of resources and communication between psychological and medical professionals. (bvsalud.org)
Characteristics1
- Socialization characteristics in persons with epilepsy. (epilepsygroup.com)
Infantile1
- The most prevalent type of infantile epilepsy is benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE). (medigac.com)