Slipped epiphyses is a medical condition where the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) at the end of long bones in children and adolescents becomes injured or dislocated, often affecting the hip area, and potentially causing pain, walking difficulties, and limping.
The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.
A developmental deformity in which the metaphysis of the FEMUR moves proximally and anteriorly away from FEMUR HEAD (epiphysis) at the upper GROWTH PLATE. It is most common in male adolescents and is associated with a greater risk of early OSTEOARTHRITIS of the hip.
The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
A particular type of FEMUR HEAD NECROSIS occurring in children, mainly male, with a course of four years or so.
Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The major types are idiopathic (primary), as a complication of fractures or dislocations, and LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE.
The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.
The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
Establishment of the age of an individual by examination of their skeletal structure.
Bone in humans and primates extending from the SHOULDER JOINT to the ELBOW JOINT.
The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The shaft of long bones.
A pathological mechanical process that can lead to hip failure. It is caused by abnormalities of the ACETABULUM and/or FEMUR combined with rigorous hip motion, leading to repetitive collisions that damage the soft tissue structures.
The constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters.
Abnormal development of cartilage and bone.
The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.
A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.
Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones.
Inflammation of a bone and its overlaying CARTILAGE.
Developmental bone diseases are a category of skeletal disorders that arise from disturbances in the normal growth and development of bones, including abnormalities in size, shape, structure, or composition, which can lead to various musculoskeletal impairments and deformities.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.
Defective bone formation involving individual bones, singly or in combination.
Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component.
Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.
The planned and carefully managed manual movement of the musculoskeletal system, extremities, and spine to produce increased motion. The term is sometimes used to denote a precise sequence of movements of a joint to determine the presence of disease or to reduce a dislocation. In the case of fractures, orthopedic manipulation can produce better position and alignment of the fracture. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p264)
Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.
The five cylindrical bones of the METACARPUS, articulating with the CARPAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF FINGERS distally.
The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
The administration of medication or fluid through a needle directly into the bone marrow. The technique is especially useful in the management of pediatric emergencies when intravenous access to the systemic circulation is difficult.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.
Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirschner wires or apparatus also includes the application of traction to the healing bones through the wires.
The pull on a limb or a part thereof. Skin traction (indirect traction) is applied by using a bandage to pull on the skin and fascia where light traction is required. Skeletal traction (direct traction), however, uses pins or wires inserted through bone and is attached to weights, pulleys, and ropes. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed)
A usually benign tumor composed of cells which arise from chondroblasts or their precursors and which tend to differentiate into cartilage cells. It occurs primarily in the epiphyses of adolescents. It is relatively rare and represents less than 2% of all primary bone tumors. The peak incidence is in the second decade of life; it is about twice as common in males as in females. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1846)
The part of the pelvis that comprises the pelvic socket where the head of FEMUR joins to form HIP JOINT (acetabulofemoral joint).
Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.
The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.
A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)
'Osteomyelitis' is a medical condition defined as an inflammation or infection of the bone or marrow, often caused by bacteria or fungi, which can lead to symptoms such as pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected area, and may require antibiotics or surgical intervention for treatment.
Attachment of a bone in which its head and neck is rotated excessively backward.
A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.
A type of CARTILAGE characterized by a homogenous amorphous matrix containing predominately TYPE II COLLAGEN and ground substance. Hyaline cartilage is found in ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; COSTAL CARTILAGE; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; and the NASAL SEPTUM.
Congenital dislocation of the hip generally includes subluxation of the femoral head, acetabular dysplasia, and complete dislocation of the femoral head from the true acetabulum. This condition occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 live births and is more common in females than in males.
Fractures of the proximal humerus, including the head, anatomic and surgical necks, and tuberosities.
Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).
Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction.

Spontaneous or traumatic premature closure of the tibial tubercle. (1/87)

A premature closure of the physis of the tibial tubercle in a young man has given rise to a shortening of the tibia, a patella alta and a reversed tibial slope of 20 degrees with clinical genu recurvatum. After a proximal open wedge tibial osteotomy all three postural deformities could be restored. The etiology of this complex deformity is discussed.  (+info)

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis after septic arthritis of the hip in an adolescent: report of a case. (2/87)

Septic arthritis of the hip must be managed promptly to avoid the serious complications associated with the condition. In the case reported here, the diagnosis was delayed and was complicated by a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The patient, an adolescent boy previously in good health, presented with a 2-week history of hip pain and systemic illness. Septic arthritis was diagnosed and was managed by incision and drainage and antibiotic therapy. Two weeks later he presented with a subcutaneous abscess and a slipped capital femoral epiphysis, which was pinned in situ. There was a 2.5-cm leg-length discrepancy. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head subsequently developed leaving the boy with a permanent disability.  (+info)

Total hip arthroplasty in patients with Down's syndrome. (3/87)

Hip disease occurs in between 8% and 28% of patients with Down's syndrome, many of whom develop disabling pain. We have carried out total hip replacement in six adult patients (9 hips) with severe arthritis of the hip. The mean follow-up was 7.75 years (2 to 14). At the latest review, all had relief of pain and full hip function. Increasing longevity and a high incidence of hip disease in these patients suggest a greater role for total hip arthroplasty in the future.  (+info)

Trapezoid osteotomy for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (4/87)

Twenty-three patients with chronic or acute to chronic slip of the capital femoral epiphysis were treated using a modified trapezoid osteotomy of the femoral neck. All slips were greater than 60 degrees. After a follow-up period of 70 (54-93) months, the results were excellent or good in 18 hips, fair in 1, and poor in 4 hips. Avascular necrosis developed in 3 hips, and chondrolysis in 2.  (+info)

A common HLA phenotype in slipped capital femoral epiphysis? (5/87)

Studies from three different countries have linked the HLA B12 and DR4 antigens with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). We questioned whether our patients shared in common either of these antigens. HLA phenotype was determined in 7 patients with SCFE, two of whom were brothers with almost identical haplotypes. The B12 antigen was found in none of our patients and the DR4 in only 3. Neither of the 2 brothers held the DR4 antigen. The commonest antigens (also shared by the 2 brothers) were B35, present in 5 and DR52 in 4 of 7 patients. We conclude that neither the previously described B12 nor the DR4 antigen can reliably serve as genetic markers for SCFE in our region.  (+info)

Physeal dysplasia with slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 13 cats. (6/87)

Separation of the femoral capital epiphysis is associated with severe trauma in most species. This report describes 13 cats with slipped capital femoral epiphysis characterized by a distinctive lesion in the physeal cartilage. The lesion consists of irregular clusters of chondrocytes separated by abundant matrix on both the epiphyseal and metaphyseal side of the cleavage site. The affected population in this study is 85% male, 90% overweight, 23% Siamese, and 4.5-24 months old. The histopathology and demographics are similar to slipped capital femoral epiphysis in humans, which most often affects overweight adolescent boys.  (+info)

Short stature as a screening test for endocrinopathy in slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (7/87)

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis may be associated with hypothyroidism and other endocrinopathies. Routine screening for such abnormalities is unlikely to be cost-effective since the overall incidence of these disorders, in association with slipped capital femoral epiphysis, is low. The identification of a presenting characteristic which would predict the chance of an associated endocrinopathy would allow only selected children to be screened. Our aim was to determine if certain characteristics were useful as a screen for patients with an underlying endocrinopathy who presented with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Between January 1988 and December 1996 we recorded gender, age, height, unilateral or bilateral involvement and an associated diagnosis of endocrinopathy for all patients who were treated for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Of 166 such patients 13 (7.8%) had an endocrinopathy. Height was the only useful screening characteristic, although bilateral involvement was more likely in those with an endocrinopathy. Most (90.9%) of this latter group were below the tenth percentile for height compared with only 5.4% in those who did not have an endocrinopathy (p < 0.005). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of detecting an underlying endocrinopathy in a patient presenting with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis and short stature (tenth percentile or less) were 90.2% and 98.6%, respectively. Patients who are on or below the tenth percentile for height at the time of presentation should be screened for a possible endocrine abnormality using measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine as a preliminary screening test. These hormones are most likely to be abnormal in the presence of endocrine dysfunction.  (+info)

The assessment of contact stress in the hip joint after operative treatment for severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (8/87)

We determined contact stress on the articular surface of the hip joint in a group of patients who underwent operative treatment for severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Two different procedures were considered: the modified osteotomy of Dunn-Fish and the osteotomy of Imhauser. In order to determine the stress distribution, a three-dimensional mathematical model was used taking into account the geometrical parameters of the pelvis and hip, which were measured from standard antero-posterior radiographs. We found that the Dunn-Fish procedure produced lower peak stress than the Imhauser procedure.  (+info)

Slipped epiphyses refer to a medical condition where the growth plate (epiphysis) at the end of a bone slips away from the rest of the bone. This condition most commonly affects the hip joint in adolescents and is also known as slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

The epiphysis is a layer of cartilage that is present at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. It is responsible for the growth and development of the bone. In SCFE, the epiphysis on the upper end of the thighbone (femur) slips away from the shaft of the bone due to weakness or injury to the growth plate.

Slipped epiphyses can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected joint. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as avascular necrosis (death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply) and early arthritis. Treatment for slipped epiphyses typically involves surgery to realign and stabilize the growth plate with pins or screws.

The epiphyses are the rounded ends of long bones in the body, which articulate with other bones to form joints. They are separated from the main shaft of the bone (diaphysis) by a growth plate called the physis or epiphyseal plate. The epiphyses are made up of spongy bone and covered with articular cartilage, which allows for smooth movement between bones. During growth, the epiphyseal plates produce new bone cells that cause the bone to lengthen until they eventually fuse during adulthood, at which point growth stops.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses (SCFE) is a pediatric orthopedic condition that affects the growth plate (epiphysis) at the top of the thigh bone (femur). In SCFE, the epiphysis slips or shifts off the end of the femur, leading to abnormal hip function and potentially causing pain, stiffness, and limping. This condition typically occurs during periods of rapid growth, particularly in early adolescence, and is more common in overweight children. If left untreated, SCFE can result in significant long-term complications such as osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis (death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply). Early diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes.

The femoral head is the rounded, ball-like top portion of the femur (thigh bone) that fits into the hip socket (acetabulum) to form the hip joint. It has a smooth, articular cartilage surface that allows for smooth and stable articulation with the pelvis. The femoral head is connected to the femoral neck, which is a narrower section of bone that angles downward and leads into the shaft of the femur. Together, the femoral head and neck provide stability and range of motion to the hip joint.

The femur is the medical term for the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and allowing movement during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The femur is composed of a rounded head, a long shaft, and two condyles at the lower end that articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a childhood hip disorder that occurs when the blood supply to the ball part of the thigh bone (femoral head) is disrupted. This causes the bone tissue to die, leading to its collapse and deformity. The femoral head then regenerates itself, but often not as round and smooth as it should be, which can lead to hip problems in later life.

The disease is named after three doctors who independently described it: Arthur Legg, Jacques Calve, and Georg Perthes. It typically affects children between the ages of 4 and 10, more commonly boys than girls. Symptoms may include limping, pain in the hip or knee, reduced range of motion in the hip, and muscle wasting. Treatment often involves rest, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery to realign or reshape the femoral head.

Femoral head necrosis, also known as avascular necrosis of the femoral head, is a medical condition that results from the interruption of blood flow to the femoral head, which is the rounded end of the thigh bone that fits into the hip joint. This lack of blood supply can cause the bone tissue to die, leading to the collapse of the femoral head and eventually resulting in hip joint damage or arthritis.

The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, alcohol abuse, corticosteroid use, radiation therapy, and certain medical conditions such as sickle cell disease and lupus. Symptoms may include pain in the hip or groin, limited range of motion, and difficulty walking. Treatment options depend on the severity and progression of the necrosis and may include medication, physical therapy, or surgical intervention.

A growth plate, also known as an epiphyseal plate or physis, is a layer of cartilaginous tissue found near the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. This region is responsible for the longitudinal growth of bones during development. The growth plate contains actively dividing cells that differentiate into chondrocytes, which produce and deposit new matrix, leading to bone elongation. Once growth is complete, usually in late adolescence or early adulthood, the growth plates ossify (harden) and are replaced by solid bone, transforming into the epiphyseal line.

The hip joint, also known as the coxal joint, is a ball-and-socket type synovial joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis. The "ball" is the head of the femur, while the "socket" is the acetabulum, a concave surface on the pelvic bone.

The hip joint is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule and is reinforced by several ligaments, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction movements, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body.

The hip joint is also supported by various muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, and other hip flexors and extensors. These muscles provide stability and strength to the joint, allowing for weight-bearing activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

The tibia, also known as the shin bone, is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg and part of the knee joint. It supports most of the body's weight and is a major insertion point for muscles that flex the foot and bend the leg. The tibia articulates with the femur at the knee joint and with the fibula and talus bone at the ankle joint. Injuries to the tibia, such as fractures, are common in sports and other activities that put stress on the lower leg.

Age determination by skeleton, also known as skeletal aging or skeletal maturation, is the process of estimating a person's age based on the analysis of their skeletal remains. This technique is commonly used in forensic anthropology to help identify unknown individuals or determine the time since death.

The method involves examining various features of the skeleton, such as the degree of fusion of epiphyseal growth plates, the shape and size of certain bones, and the presence or absence of degenerative changes. These features change in a predictable way as a person grows and develops, allowing for an estimation of their age at death.

It is important to note that while skeletal aging can provide useful information, it is not always possible to determine an exact age. Instead, forensic anthropologists typically provide a range of ages that the individual may have fallen into based on the skeletal evidence. Additionally, factors such as genetics, nutrition, and health can affect the rate at which skeletal features develop, making it difficult to provide a precise estimate in some cases.

The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm that extends from the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) to the elbow joint. It articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint and with the radius and ulna bones at the elbow joint. The proximal end of the humerus has a rounded head that provides for movement in multiple planes, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body. The greater and lesser tubercles are bony prominences on the humeral head that serve as attachment sites for muscles that move the shoulder and arm. The narrow shaft of the humerus provides stability and strength for weight-bearing activities, while the distal end forms two articulations: one with the ulna (trochlea) and one with the radius (capitulum). Together, these structures allow for a wide range of motion in the shoulder and elbow joints.

Osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment. It is often performed to correct deformities or to realign bones that have been damaged by trauma or disease. The bone may be cut straight across (transverse osteotomy) or at an angle (oblique osteotomy). After the bone is cut, it can be realigned and held in place with pins, plates, or screws until it heals. This procedure is commonly performed on bones in the leg, such as the femur or tibia, but can also be done on other bones in the body.

The diaphysis refers to the shaft or middle portion of a long bone in the body. It is the part that is typically cylindrical in shape and contains the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow. The diaphysis is primarily composed of compact bone tissue, which provides strength and support for weight-bearing and movement.

In contrast to the diaphysis, the ends of long bones are called epiphyses, and they are covered with articular cartilage and contain spongy bone tissue filled with red marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells. The area where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis is known as the metaphysis, and it contains growth plates that are responsible for the longitudinal growth of bones during development.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a medical condition that affects the hip joint. It occurs when there is abnormal contact between the femoral head (the ball at the top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis) during normal movement of the hip. This abnormal contact can cause damage to the cartilage and labrum (a ring of cartilage that helps to stabilize the hip joint) leading to pain, stiffness and decreased range of motion.

FAI is classified into two types: cam impingement and pincer impingement. Cam impingement occurs when there is an abnormal shape of the femoral head or neck, which leads to abnormal contact with the acetabulum during hip flexion and internal rotation. Pincer impingement occurs when there is overcoverage of the acetabulum, leading to abnormal contact with the femoral head or neck.

In some cases, both cam and pincer impingement can be present, which is referred to as mixed impingement. Symptoms of FAI may include hip pain, stiffness, limping, and reduced range of motion. Treatment options for FAI may include physical therapy, activity modification, medications, and in some cases, surgery.

The "femur neck" is the narrow, upper part of the femur (thigh bone) where it connects to the pelvis. It is the region through which the femoral head articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint. The femur neck is a common site for fractures, especially in older adults with osteoporosis.

Osteochondrodysplasias are a group of genetic disorders that affect the development of bones and cartilage. These conditions can result in dwarfism or short stature, as well as other skeletal abnormalities. Osteochondrodysplasias can be caused by mutations in genes that regulate bone and cartilage growth, and they are often characterized by abnormalities in the shape, size, and/or structure of the bones and cartilage.

There are many different types of osteochondrodysplasias, each with its own specific symptoms and patterns of inheritance. Some common examples include achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. These conditions can vary in severity, and some may be associated with other health problems, such as respiratory difficulties or neurological issues.

Treatment for osteochondrodysplasias typically focuses on managing the symptoms and addressing any related health concerns. This may involve physical therapy, bracing or surgery to correct skeletal abnormalities, and treatment for any associated medical conditions. In some cases, genetic counseling may also be recommended for individuals with osteochondrodysplasias and their families.

Bone development, also known as ossification, is the process by which bone tissue is formed and grows. This complex process involves several different types of cells, including osteoblasts, which produce new bone matrix, and osteoclasts, which break down and resorb existing bone tissue.

There are two main types of bone development: intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification occurs when bone tissue forms directly from connective tissue, while endochondral ossification involves the formation of a cartilage model that is later replaced by bone.

During fetal development, most bones develop through endochondral ossification, starting as a cartilage template that is gradually replaced by bone tissue. However, some bones, such as those in the skull and clavicles, develop through intramembranous ossification.

Bone development continues after birth, with new bone tissue being laid down and existing tissue being remodeled throughout life. This ongoing process helps to maintain the strength and integrity of the skeleton, allowing it to adapt to changing mechanical forces and repair any damage that may occur.

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is found throughout the body in various forms. It is made up of specialized cells called chondrocytes, which are embedded in a firm, flexible matrix composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans. This unique structure gives cartilage its characteristic properties of being both strong and flexible.

There are three main types of cartilage in the human body: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

1. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type and is found in areas such as the articular surfaces of bones (where they meet to form joints), the nose, trachea, and larynx. It has a smooth, glassy appearance and provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joint movement.
2. Elastic cartilage contains more elastin fibers than hyaline cartilage, which gives it greater flexibility and resilience. It is found in structures such as the external ear and parts of the larynx and epiglottis.
3. Fibrocartilage has a higher proportion of collagen fibers and fewer chondrocytes than hyaline or elastic cartilage. It is found in areas that require high tensile strength, such as the intervertebral discs, menisci (found in joints like the knee), and the pubic symphysis.

Cartilage plays a crucial role in supporting and protecting various structures within the body, allowing for smooth movement and providing a cushion between bones to absorb shock and prevent wear and tear. However, cartilage has limited capacity for self-repair and regeneration, making damage or degeneration of cartilage tissue a significant concern in conditions such as osteoarthritis.

I believe you are referring to "bone pins" or "bone nails" rather than "bone nails." These terms are used in the medical field to describe surgical implants made of metal or biocompatible materials that are used to stabilize and hold together fractured bones during the healing process. They can also be used in spinal fusion surgery to provide stability and promote bone growth between vertebrae.

Bone pins or nails typically have a threaded or smooth shaft, with a small diameter that allows them to be inserted into the medullary canal of long bones such as the femur or tibia. They may also have a head or eyelet on one end that allows for attachment to external fixation devices or other surgical instruments.

The use of bone pins and nails has revolutionized orthopedic surgery, allowing for faster healing times, improved stability, and better functional outcomes for patients with fractures or spinal deformities.

Osteochondritis is a joint condition where a piece of cartilage or bone in the joint separates from its attachment due to a lack of blood supply. This can cause pain, stiffness, and potentially restricted movement in the affected joint. It often occurs in weight-bearing joints like the knee or ankle, and is more common in children and adolescents. The separated piece may sometimes float around in the joint space, causing further damage to the cartilage and bone. If left untreated, it can lead to long-term joint problems. Also known as osteochondrosis or osteochondritis dissecans.

Developmental bone diseases are a group of medical conditions that affect the growth and development of bones. These diseases are present at birth or develop during childhood and adolescence, when bones are growing rapidly. They can result from genetic mutations, hormonal imbalances, or environmental factors such as poor nutrition.

Some examples of developmental bone diseases include:

1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI): Also known as brittle bone disease, OI is a genetic disorder that affects the body's production of collagen, a protein necessary for healthy bones. People with OI have fragile bones that break easily and may also experience other symptoms such as blue sclerae (whites of the eyes), hearing loss, and joint laxity.
2. Achondroplasia: This is the most common form of dwarfism, caused by a genetic mutation that affects bone growth. People with achondroplasia have short limbs and a large head relative to their body size.
3. Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency or an inability to absorb or use vitamin D properly. This leads to weak, soft bones that can bow or bend easily, particularly in children.
4. Fibrous dysplasia: A rare bone disorder where normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, leading to weakened bones and deformities.
5. Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine that can develop during childhood or adolescence. While not strictly a developmental bone disease, scoliosis can be caused by various underlying conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida.

Treatment for developmental bone diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment may include medication, physical therapy, bracing, or surgery to correct deformities and improve function. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor growth, manage symptoms, and prevent complications.

Bone screws are medical devices used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to affix bone fracture fragments or to attach bones to other bones or to metal implants such as plates, rods, or artificial joints. They are typically made of stainless steel or titanium alloys and have a threaded shaft that allows for purchase in the bone when tightened. The head of the screw may have a hexagonal or star-shaped design to allow for precise tightening with a screwdriver. Bone screws come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, including fully threaded, partially threaded, cannulated (hollow), and headless types, depending on their intended use and location in the body.

"Bone" is the hard, dense connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrate animals. It provides support and protection for the body's internal organs, and serves as a attachment site for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Bone is composed of cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and resorption, respectively, and an extracellular matrix made up of collagen fibers and mineral crystals.

Bones can be classified into two main types: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone is dense and hard, and makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shafts of long bones. Spongy bone is less dense and contains large spaces, and makes up the ends of long bones and the interior of flat and irregular bones.

The human body has 206 bones in total. They can be further classified into five categories based on their shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.

A hip dislocation is a medical emergency that occurs when the head of the femur (thighbone) slips out of its socket in the pelvis. This can happen due to high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a severe fall. Hip dislocations can also occur in people with certain health conditions that make their hips more prone to displacement, such as developmental dysplasia of the hip.

There are two main types of hip dislocations: posterior and anterior. In a posterior dislocation, the femur head moves out of the back of the socket, which is the most common type. In an anterior dislocation, the femur head moves out of the front of the socket. Both types of hip dislocations can cause severe pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected leg.

Immediate medical attention is necessary for a hip dislocation to realign the bones and prevent further damage. Treatment typically involves sedation or anesthesia to relax the muscles around the joint, followed by a closed reduction procedure to gently guide the femur head back into the socket. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair any associated injuries, such as fractures or damaged ligaments. After treatment, physical therapy and rehabilitation are usually necessary to restore strength, mobility, and function to the affected hip joint.

Dysostosis is a term used to describe a group of genetic disorders that are characterized by abnormal development and formation of one or more bones in the body. The condition is typically present at birth (congenital) and can affect any bone, but it most commonly involves the bones of the skull, face, hands, and feet.

The term "dysostosis" comes from the Greek words "dys," meaning difficult or abnormal, and "osteon," meaning bone. Dysostoses are usually caused by mutations in specific genes that regulate bone development. These genetic changes can be inherited from one or both parents or can occur spontaneously during fetal development.

There are many different types of dysostoses, each with its own set of symptoms and characteristics. Some common examples include:

1. Cleidocranial Dysplasia: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the skull and collarbones (cleido). People with cleidocranial dysplasia may have a larger than normal head, wide-set eyes, a prominent forehead, and underdeveloped or missing collarbones.
2. Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II: Also known as ACPS II or Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, this disorder is characterized by a pointed skull (acrocephaly), extra fingers and toes (polydactyly), and wide-set eyes.
3. Osteogenesis Imperfecta: This is a group of genetic disorders that affect the body's production of collagen, a protein that helps to strengthen bones. People with osteogenesis imperfecta have fragile bones that break easily, often as a result of minor trauma.
4. Diastrophic Dysplasia: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the development of the bones and cartilage in the body. People with diastrophic dysplasia may have short limbs, a deformed spine, and a characteristic "hitchhiker's thumb" appearance.
5. Thanatophoric Dysplasia: This is a severe genetic disorder that affects the development of the bones in the body. People with thanatophoric dysplasia have very short limbs, a small chest, and a deformed skull. The condition is often fatal in infancy or early childhood.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of skeletal dysplasias that exist. While some forms of these disorders can be managed with medical treatment and therapy, others may require surgery or other interventions to help improve quality of life. In some cases, genetic counseling and testing may be recommended for individuals who are considering starting a family and have a history of skeletal dysplasia in their family.

Malunited fractures refer to a type of fracture where the bones do not heal in their proper alignment or position. This can occur due to various reasons such as inadequate reduction of the fracture fragments during initial treatment, improper casting or immobilization, or failure of the patient to follow proper immobilization instructions. Malunited fractures can result in deformity, limited range of motion, and decreased functionality of the affected limb. Additional treatments such as surgery may be required to correct the malunion and restore normal function.

Exostoses are benign (noncancerous) bone growths that develop on the surface of a bone, usually in response to repeated stress or friction. They are often small and smooth, but can become larger and more irregular over time. In some cases, they may cause pain or discomfort, especially if they continue to grow and put pressure on nearby nerves, muscles, or other bones.

Exostoses can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs, as well as in the small bones of the feet. They may also develop in response to chronic irritation or injury, such as from jogging or playing sports that involve a lot of running or jumping.

In some cases, exostoses may be surgically removed if they cause persistent pain or other symptoms. However, in many cases, they do not require treatment and can be left alone. If you are concerned about any bone growths or other unusual symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Surgical casts are medical devices used to immobilize and protect injured body parts, typically fractured or broken bones, during the healing process. They are usually made of plaster or fiberglass materials that harden when wet and conform to the shape of the affected area once applied. The purpose of a surgical cast is to restrict movement and provide stability to the injured site, allowing for proper alignment and healing of the bones.

The casting process involves first aligning the broken bone fragments into their correct positions, often through manual manipulation or surgical intervention. Once aligned, the cast material is applied in layers, with each layer being allowed to dry before adding the next. This creates a rigid structure that encases and supports the injured area. The cast must be kept dry during the healing process to prevent it from becoming weakened or damaged.

Surgical casts come in various shapes and sizes depending on the location and severity of the injury. They may also include additional components such as padding, Velcro straps, or window openings to allow for regular monitoring of the skin and underlying tissue. In some cases, removable splints or functional braces may be used instead of traditional casts, providing similar support while allowing for limited movement and easier adjustments.

It is essential to follow proper care instructions when wearing a surgical cast, including elevating the injured limb, avoiding excessive weight-bearing, and monitoring for signs of complications such as swelling, numbness, or infection. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to ensure proper healing and adjust the cast if needed.

Orthopedic manipulation is a hands-on technique that is used by healthcare professionals, such as orthopedic doctors, chiropractors, and physical therapists, to diagnose and treat muscle and joint disorders. This manual procedure involves moving the joints or soft tissues in a specific direction and amplitude with the aim of improving joint mobility, reducing pain, relieving muscle tension, and enhancing overall function.

Orthopedic manipulation can be performed on various parts of the body, including the spine, extremities, and cranial structures. It is often used as a complementary treatment alongside other therapeutic interventions, such as exercise, medication, or surgery, to manage a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions, including but not limited to:

* Back pain and stiffness
* Neck pain and stiffness
* Joint pain and inflammation
* Muscle spasms and tension
* Headaches and migraines
* Disc disorders
* Sprains and strains
* Postural dysfunctions

It is important to note that orthopedic manipulation should only be performed by trained and licensed healthcare professionals, as improper techniques can lead to injury or further damage. Patients should consult with their healthcare provider to determine if orthopedic manipulation is an appropriate treatment option for their specific condition.

Birth injuries refer to damages or injuries that a baby suffers during the birthing process. These injuries can result from various factors, such as mechanical forces during delivery, medical negligence, or complications during pregnancy or labor. Some common examples of birth injuries include:

1. Brachial plexus injuries: Damage to the nerves that control movement and feeling in the arms and hands, often caused by excessive pulling or stretching during delivery.
2. Cephalohematoma: A collection of blood between the skull and the periosteum (the membrane covering the bone), usually caused by trauma during delivery.
3. Caput succedaneum: Swelling of the soft tissues of the baby's scalp, often resulting from pressure on the head during labor and delivery.
4. Fractures: Broken bones, such as a clavicle or skull fracture, can occur due to mechanical forces during delivery.
5. Intracranial hemorrhage: Bleeding in or around the brain, which can result from trauma during delivery or complications like high blood pressure in the mother.
6. Perinatal asphyxia: A lack of oxygen supply to the baby before, during, or immediately after birth, which can lead to brain damage and other health issues.
7. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the eye), often caused by pressure on the head during delivery.
8. Spinal cord injuries: Damage to the spinal cord, which can result in paralysis or other neurological issues, may occur due to excessive force during delivery or medical negligence.

It's important to note that some birth injuries are unavoidable and may not be a result of medical malpractice. However, if a healthcare provider fails to provide the standard of care expected during pregnancy, labor, or delivery, they may be held liable for any resulting injuries.

Congenital hand deformities refer to physical abnormalities or malformations of the hand, wrist, and/or digits (fingers) that are present at birth. These deformities can result from genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. They may affect the bones, muscles, tendons, joints, and other structures in the hand, leading to varying degrees of impairment in function and appearance.

There are numerous types of congenital hand deformities, some of which include:

1. Polydactyly: The presence of extra digits on the hand, which can be fully formed or rudimentary.
2. Syndactyly: Webbing or fusion of two or more fingers, which may involve soft tissue only or bone as well.
3. Clinodactyly: A curved finger due to a sideways deviation of the fingertip, often affecting the little finger.
4. Camptodactyly: Permanent flexion or bending of one or more fingers, typically involving the proximal interphalangeal joint.
5. Trigger Finger/Thumb: A condition where a finger or thumb becomes locked in a bent position due to thickening and narrowing of the tendon sheath.
6. Radial Club Hand (Radial Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the radius bone, resulting in a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
7. Ulnar Club Hand (Ulnar Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the ulna bone, leading to a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
8. Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A genetic disorder affecting bone growth, resulting in underdeveloped or absent collarbones, dental abnormalities, and occasionally hand deformities.
9. Apert Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the fusion of fingers and toes (syndactyly) and other skeletal abnormalities.
10. Holt-Oram Syndrome: A genetic disorder involving heart defects and upper limb deformities, such as radial ray deficiency or thumb anomalies.

Treatment for hand deformities varies depending on the specific condition and severity. Options may include physical therapy, bracing, splinting, medications, or surgical intervention.

The metacarpal bones are the long slender bones that make up the middle part of the hand, located between the carpals (wrist bones) and the phalanges (finger bones). There are five metacarpal bones in total, with one for each finger and thumb. Each bone has a base attached to the carpals, a shaft, and a head that connects to the phalanges. The metacarpal bones play a crucial role in hand function, providing stability and support during gripping and manipulation movements.

The fibula is a slender bone located in the lower leg of humans and other vertebrates. It runs parallel to the larger and more robust tibia, and together they are known as the bones of the leg or the anterior tibial segment. The fibula is the lateral bone in the leg, positioned on the outside of the tibia.

In humans, the fibula extends from the knee joint proximally to the ankle joint distally. Its proximal end, called the head of the fibula, articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia and forms part of the inferior aspect of the knee joint. The narrowed portion below the head is known as the neck of the fibula.

The shaft of the fibula, also called the body of the fibula, is a long, thin structure that descends from the neck and serves primarily for muscle attachment rather than weight-bearing functions. The distal end of the fibula widens to form the lateral malleolus, which is an important bony landmark in the ankle region. The lateral malleolus articulates with the talus bone of the foot and forms part of the ankle joint.

The primary functions of the fibula include providing attachment sites for muscles that act on the lower leg, ankle, and foot, as well as contributing to the stability of the ankle joint through its articulation with the talus bone. Fractures of the fibula can occur due to various injuries, such as twisting or rotational forces applied to the ankle or direct trauma to the lateral aspect of the lower leg.

Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.

Intraosseous infusion is a medical procedure that involves the injection of fluid or medication directly into the bone marrow, specifically through the tibia or humerus bones. This route is used when intravenous access is difficult or impossible to obtain in emergency situations, such as cardiac arrest, severe trauma, or shock. The goal is to deliver essential fluids and medications rapidly into the systemic circulation, bypassing the need for traditional venous access. Intraosseous infusions are considered a temporary measure until intravenous access can be established.

Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.

Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It runs from the elbow to the wrist and is located on the medial side of the forearm, next to the bone called the humerus in the upper arm. The ulna plays a crucial role in the movement of the forearm and also serves as an attachment site for various muscles.

I'm not aware of a medical term called "bone wires." The term "wiring" is used in orthopedic surgery to describe the use of metal wire to hold bones or fractures in place during healing. However, I couldn't find any specific medical definition or term related to "bone wires." It may be a colloquialism, a term used in a specific context, or a term from science fiction. If you could provide more context about where you encountered this term, I might be able to give a more accurate answer.

Traction, in medical terms, refers to the application of a pulling force to distract or align parts of the body, particularly bones, joints, or muscles, with the aim of immobilizing, reducing displacement, or realigning them. This is often achieved through the use of various devices such as tongs, pulleys, weights, or specialized traction tables. Traction may be applied manually or mechanically and can be continuous or intermittent, depending on the specific medical condition being treated. Common indications for traction include fractures, dislocations, spinal cord injuries, and certain neurological conditions.

Chondroblastoma is a rare, benign (non-cancerous) bone tumor that typically develops in the epiphysis, which is the rounded end of a long bone near a joint. It primarily affects children and adolescents, with around 90% of cases occurring before the age of 20.

The tumor arises from chondroblasts, cells responsible for producing cartilage during bone growth. Chondroblastoma is usually slow-growing and typically causes localized pain, swelling, or tenderness in the affected area. In some cases, it may weaken the bone and lead to fractures.

Treatment generally involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by curettage (scraping) of the surrounding bone tissue and replacement with bone grafts or substitutes. Recurrence is possible but rare, and long-term prognosis is usually favorable.

The acetabulum is the cup-shaped cavity in the pelvic bone (specifically, the os coxa) where the head of the femur bone articulates to form the hip joint. It provides a stable and flexible connection between the lower limb and the trunk, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. The acetabulum is lined with articular cartilage, which facilitates smooth and frictionless movement of the hip joint. Its stability is further enhanced by various ligaments, muscles, and the labrum, a fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the socket and increases its contact area with the femoral head.

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It plays a crucial role in regulating various functions in the body, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.

Endocrine system diseases or disorders occur when there is a problem with the production or regulation of hormones. This can result from:

1. Overproduction or underproduction of hormones by the endocrine glands.
2. Impaired response of target cells to hormones.
3. Disruption in the feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone production.

Examples of endocrine system diseases include:

1. Diabetes Mellitus - a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
2. Hypothyroidism - underactive thyroid gland leading to slow metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, and depression.
3. Hyperthyroidism - overactive thyroid gland causing rapid heartbeat, anxiety, weight loss, and heat intolerance.
4. Cushing's Syndrome - excess cortisol production resulting in obesity, high blood pressure, and weak muscles.
5. Addison's Disease - insufficient adrenal hormone production leading to weakness, fatigue, and low blood pressure.
6. Acromegaly - overproduction of growth hormone after puberty causing enlargement of bones, organs, and soft tissues.
7. Gigantism - similar to acromegaly but occurs before puberty resulting in excessive height and body size.
8. Hypopituitarism - underactive pituitary gland leading to deficiencies in various hormones.
9. Hyperparathyroidism - overactivity of the parathyroid glands causing calcium imbalances and kidney stones.
10. Precocious Puberty - early onset of puberty due to premature activation of the pituitary gland.

Treatment for endocrine system diseases varies depending on the specific disorder and may involve medication, surgery, lifestyle changes, or a combination of these approaches.

Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation or development. It involves the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells that synthesize and deposit the organic matrix of bone tissue, composed mainly of type I collagen. This organic matrix later mineralizes to form the inorganic crystalline component of bone, primarily hydroxyapatite.

There are two primary types of osteogenesis: intramembranous and endochondral. Intramembranous osteogenesis occurs directly within connective tissue, where mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts and form bone tissue without an intervening cartilage template. This process is responsible for the formation of flat bones like the skull and clavicles.

Endochondral osteogenesis, on the other hand, involves the initial development of a cartilaginous model or template, which is later replaced by bone tissue. This process forms long bones, such as those in the limbs, and occurs through several stages involving chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy, and calcification, followed by invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts to replace the cartilage with bone tissue.

Abnormalities in osteogenesis can lead to various skeletal disorders and diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease), achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism), and cleidocranial dysplasia (a disorder affecting skull and collarbone development).

A craniopharyngioma is a type of brain tumor that develops near the pituitary gland, which is a small gland located at the base of the brain. These tumors arise from remnants of Rathke's pouch, an embryonic structure involved in the development of the pituitary gland.

Craniopharyngiomas are typically slow-growing and benign (non-cancerous), but they can still cause significant health problems due to their location. They can compress nearby structures such as the optic nerves, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland, leading to symptoms like vision loss, hormonal imbalances, and cognitive impairment.

Treatment for craniopharyngiomas usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy in some cases. Regular follow-up with a healthcare team is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Osteomyelitis is a medical condition characterized by an infection that involves the bone or the bone marrow. It can occur as a result of a variety of factors, including bacterial or fungal infections that spread to the bone from another part of the body, or direct infection of the bone through trauma or surgery.

The symptoms of osteomyelitis may include pain and tenderness in the affected area, fever, chills, fatigue, and difficulty moving the affected limb. In some cases, there may also be redness, swelling, and drainage from the infected area. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, as well as blood tests and cultures to identify the underlying cause of the infection.

Treatment for osteomyelitis usually involves a combination of antibiotics or antifungal medications to eliminate the infection, as well as pain management and possibly surgical debridement to remove infected tissue. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and manage the condition.

"Bone retroversion" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept with a specific definition. The term "retroversion" is used in anatomy to describe the position of an organ or structure when it is turned backward or inward. In relation to bones, retroversion typically describes the orientation of a bone or joint when it is angled or positioned in such a way that its posterior (back) aspect faces more anteriorly (toward the front).

However, I was unable to find a widely accepted medical definition for "bone retroversion" as a specific pathological or anatomical condition. It's possible that the term may be used in a more specialized context within certain medical subspecialties. If you have more context or information about where this term is being used, I may be able to provide a more precise answer.

'Leg length inequality' (LLIS) is a condition where there is a discrepancy in the lengths of an individual's lower extremities, specifically the bones of the thigh (femur) and/or the leg (tibia/fibula). This discrepancy can be congenital or acquired due to various causes such as fractures, infections, or surgical procedures. The inequality can lead to functional scoliosis, lower back pain, and other musculoskeletal issues. It is typically diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies like X-rays, and may be treated with various methods including orthotics, shoe lifts, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

Hyaline cartilage is a type of cartilaginous tissue that is primarily found in the articulating surfaces of bones, ribcage, nose, ears, and trachea. It has a smooth, glassy appearance (hence the name "hyaline," derived from the Greek word "hyalos" meaning glass) due to the presence of type II collagen fibers that are arranged in a precise pattern and embedded in a proteoglycan-rich matrix.

The high concentration of proteoglycans, which are complex molecules made up of a protein core and glycosaminoglycan side chains, gives hyaline cartilage its firm yet flexible properties. This type of cartilage is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels, and receives nutrients through diffusion from the surrounding synovial fluid in joints or adjacent tissues.

Hyaline cartilage plays a crucial role in providing structural support, reducing friction between articulating bones, and facilitating smooth movement in joints. It also serves as a template for endochondral ossification, a process by which long bones grow in length during development.

Congenital hip dislocation, also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where the hip joint fails to develop normally in utero or during early infancy. In a healthy hip, the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits snugly into the acetabulum (hip socket). However, in congenital hip dislocation, the femoral head is not held firmly in place within the acetabulum due to abnormal development or laxity of the ligaments that support the joint.

There are two types of congenital hip dislocations:

1. Teratologic dislocation: This type is present at birth and occurs due to abnormalities in the development of the hip joint during fetal growth. The femoral head may be completely outside the acetabulum or partially dislocated.

2. Developmental dysplasia: This type develops after birth, often within the first few months of life, as a result of ligamentous laxity and shallow acetabulum. In some cases, it can progress to a complete hip dislocation if left untreated.

Risk factors for congenital hip dislocation include family history, breech presentation during delivery, and female gender. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications such as pain, limited mobility, and osteoarthritis. Treatment options may include bracing, closed reduction, or surgical intervention, depending on the severity and age of the child at diagnosis.

A shoulder fracture refers to a break in one or more bones that make up the shoulder joint, which includes the humerus (upper arm bone), scapula (shoulder blade), and clavicle (collarbone). These types of fractures can occur due to various reasons such as high-energy trauma, falls, or degenerative conditions. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling, bruising, limited range of motion, deformity, and in some cases, numbness or tingling sensations. Treatment options depend on the severity and location of the fracture but can include immobilization with a sling or brace, surgery, or physical therapy.

Cartilage diseases refer to conditions that affect the cartilaginous tissues in the body. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body, including the joints, ribcage, ears, and nose. It provides structure and support, allows for smooth movement between bones, and protects the ends of bones from friction.

There are several types of cartilage diseases, including:

1. Osteoarthritis (OA): This is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. It can cause pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility in the affected joints.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): This is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the lining of the joints, leading to cartilage damage and bone erosion.
3. Traumatic arthritis: This occurs when a joint is injured, causing damage to the cartilage and resulting in pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.
4. Infectious arthritis: This occurs when a joint becomes infected, leading to inflammation and potential damage to the cartilage.
5. Chondromalacia patellae: This is a condition that affects the cartilage on the back of the kneecap, causing pain and stiffness in the knee.
6. Costochondritis: This is an inflammation of the cartilage in the ribcage, causing chest pain and discomfort.
7. Nasal septal deviation: This is a condition where the cartilage that separates the nostrils is crooked or off-center, causing difficulty breathing through the nose.
8. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD): This is a joint condition that occurs when a piece of cartilage and bone in a joint becomes detached, causing pain and stiffness.
9. Synovial chondromatosis: This is a rare condition where nodules made up of cartilage form in the lining of a joint, causing pain, swelling, and limited mobility.

Treatment for cartilage diseases varies depending on the specific condition and severity, but may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these.

Bone lengthening is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and then gradually stretching the bone apart, allowing new bone to grow in its place. This process is also known as distraction osteogenesis. The goal of bone lengthening is to increase the length of a bone, either to improve function or to correct a deformity.

The procedure typically involves making an incision in the skin over the bone and using specialized tools to cut through the bone. Once the bone is cut, a device called an external fixator is attached to the bone on either side of the cut. The external fixator is then gradually adjusted over time to slowly stretch the bone apart, creating a gap between the two ends of the bone. As the bone is stretched, new bone tissue begins to grow in the space between the two ends, eventually filling in the gap and lengthening the bone.

Bone lengthening can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including limb length discrepancies, congenital deformities, and injuries that result in bone loss. It is typically performed by an orthopedic surgeon and may require several months of follow-up care to ensure proper healing and growth of the new bone tissue.

... (SCFE or skiffy, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, SUFE or souffy, coxa vara adolescentium) is ... Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis at eMedicine Kaneshiro, Neil. "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis". U.S. National Library of ... The term slipped capital femoral epiphysis is actually a misnomer, because the epiphysis (end part of a bone) remains in its ... "Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis". U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institute of Health. Retrieved 1 December 2012 ...
A Southwick angle is a radiographic angle used to measure the severity of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) on a ... Loder, R.; "Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis." American Family Physician 1998 57: 2135. (Musculoskeletal radiographic signs). ... The slipped side is then subtracted from the normal side. The number calculated determines the severity. Mild is classified by ... is measured by drawing a line perpendicular to a line connecting two points at the posterior and anterior tips of the epiphysis ...
Burrows HJ (1957). "Slipped upper femoral epiphysis; characteristic of a hundred cases". J Bone Joint Surg Br. 39B: 641-658. ... It was the first tool to aid in the early diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), which if treated late or ... Cowell HR (1966). "The significance of early diagnosis and treatment of slipping of the capital femoral epiphysis". Clin Orthop ... Klein A, Joplin RJ, Reidy JA, Hanelin J (1952). "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis; early diagnosis and treatment facilitated ...
Killian, J. T.; Conklin, M. J.; Kramer, T.; White, S. (1999-01-01). "Improved percutaneous slipped capital femoral epiphysis ... "Simultaneous biplanar fluoroscopy for the surgical treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis". Journal of Pediatric ...
... is indicative of a diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Southwick angle v t e (Articles lacking ... Trethowan's sign is when Klein's line does not intersect the lateral part of the superior femoral epiphysis on an AP radiograph ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition in which the growth plate of the head of the femur slips over the ... Other important causes are infectious arthritis, osteomyelitis, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis in children.[citation ... such as septic arthritis or slipped capital femoral epiphysis, may be present. The diagnostic approach involves ruling out ...
"Screw placement after pinning of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a postoperative CT scan study." Journal of Pediatric ...
The positive Drehmann sign is a typical clinical feature in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), the impingement syndrome ... A clinical examination method in epiphysiolysis (slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis). Description of signs, ...
An epidemiological study of the effect of fluorides in drinking water on the frequency of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. ...
... with the epiphyses at the base. I - S = Slip (separated or straight across). Fracture of the cartilage of the physis (growth ... Alternatively, SALTER can be used for the first 6 types, as above but adding Type V - 'E' for 'Everything' or 'Epiphysis' and ... The fracture is below the physis in the epiphysis. IV - TE = Through Everything. The fracture is through the metaphysis, physis ... Type III - A fracture through growth plate and epiphysis, sparing the metaphysis: 8% incidence Type IV - A fracture through all ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) Slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) usually affect 11- to 14-year-old adolescents ... may show widening and irregularity of the physis and posterior inferior displacement of the capital femoral epiphysis. On the ...
... slipped capital femoral epiphysis) occurs in patients with CPP because of rapid growth and changes of growth hormone secretion ... "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis during the treatment of precocious puberty with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist: ... Precocious puberty is associated with advancement in bone age, which leads to early fusion of epiphyses, thus resulting in ...
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At age 13 he suffered a slipped upper femoral epiphysis of the hip, which resulted in his spending nearly 20 months in hospital ...
... for the treatment of Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) or slipped upper femoral epithysis (SUFE) . He also has an angle ...
Smith-Petersen, M. N. (2008). "The Classic: Treatment of Malum Coxae Senilis, Old Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis, Intrapelvic ...
Coxalgia Leg cramps Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) Osteoarthritis Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) Slipped capital femoral epiphysis ...
... slipped upper femoral epiphysis or bone tumours (such as osteoid osteoma). An anteroposterior and frog lateral (Lauenstein) ... it is important not to miss a slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calvé-Perthes ... gadolinium-enhanced MRI finding of decreased perfusion at the femoral epiphysis". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 189 (2): 437-45. doi: ... lateral displacement of the femoral epiphyses with surface flattening (Waldenström sign), prominent obturator shadow, ...
... slipped capital femoral epiphysis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and idiopathic hypertension or a BMI >40 kg/m2 without ... However, the results were not conclusive and the device had issues with migration and slipping. A study recently done in the ...
He was athletic as a youth but suffered from a slipped capital femoral epiphysis in junior high school, requiring him to change ... He was wearing a helmet but according to his daughter, the helmet slipped and his head hit the pavement. She said Covey "went ...
Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis also known as Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis - Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis - Smith Peterson nail - Smith-Petersen anterior approach to ... Epiphysis - Erlenmeyer flask deformity - Essex-Lopresti fracture - Evans technique - Evans-Jensen classification - Ewing's ...
... resulting in a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The injury was misdiagnosed by a physician, who told Gates' mother that his ...
... "epiphyseal slip", as can be seen in other joints, such as a slipped capital femoral epiphysis in the hip. This is a Salter I or ... In children with open epiphyses, an equivalent fracture is the " ...
... edge angle Femoral head-neck offset ratio Frog Alpha angle Frog modified Alpha angle for slipped capital femoral epiphysis ( ... SCFE) Epiphysis-metaphyseal offset for SCFE Southwick angle for SCFE The following visual scores can also be registered: Break ...
... disc herniation Anterior Compartment Muscle Atrophy Deep fibular nerve injury Spondylolisthesis Slipped Femoral Epiphysis ALS/ ...
Slipping of the epiphysis with dorsal displacement, often with a dorsally avulsed triangular fragment of the radius (occurs in ...
... that for the lower epiphysis appears in the second year. The lower epiphysis fuses with the tibial shaft at about the ... Just below this a part of the extensor digitorum longus takes origin and a slip from the tendon of the biceps femoris is ... While the epiphyses are the two rounded extremities of the bone; an upper (also known as superior or proximal) closest to the ... The tibia is categorized as a long bone and is as such composed of a diaphysis and two epiphyses. The diaphysis is the ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE or skiffy, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, SUFE or souffy, coxa vara adolescentium) is ... Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis at eMedicine Kaneshiro, Neil. "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis". U.S. National Library of ... The term slipped capital femoral epiphysis is actually a misnomer, because the epiphysis (end part of a bone) remains in its ... "Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis". U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institute of Health. Retrieved 1 December 2012 ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most important pediatric and adolescent hip disorders encountered in ... encoded search term (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis) and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis: predictive factors for contralateral slip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Jun. 27(4):411-4 ... Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Dec 03, 2018 * Author: Kevin D Walter, MD, FAAP; Chief ...
A slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a separation of the ball of the hip joint from the thigh bone (femur) at the upper ... A slipped capital femoral epiphysis may affect both hips.. An epiphysis is an area at the end of a long bone. It is separated ... A slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a separation of the ball of the hip joint from the thigh bone (femur) at the upper ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis occurs in about 2 out of every 100,000 children. It is more common in:. *Growing children ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most important pediatric and adolescent hip disorders encountered in ... encoded search term (Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis) and Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis: predictive factors for contralateral slip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007 Jun. 27(4):411-4 ... Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Dec 03, 2018 * Author: Kevin D Walter, MD, FAAP; Chief ...
The Definition of a SCFE aka Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis : a shift at the upper part of the thighbone, or femur, that ... Her femoral head slipped off the growth plate and required a screw to be put in in order to fix it. The x-ray clearly showed ... to see the doctor he finally walks in with two other doctors and tells me my daughter has Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and ... where it had slipped. Wait it doesnt stop there….. He wanted to operate on both hips because in 40-60% of all cases the other ...
Patients with a high degree of slip are prone to develop clinically significant LLD. Although ATDD does not give the exact LLD ... Leg length discrepancy in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis Seung-Ju Kim et al. Acta Orthop. 2013 Jun. ... Leg length discrepancy in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis Seung-Ju Kim 1 , Tamir Bloom, Sanjeev Sabharwal ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, fixation by single screw in situ: A kinematic and radiographic study. Sangeux M, Passmore E ...
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is movement of the femoral neck upward and forward on the femoral epiphysis. Diagnosis is ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) usually occurs in early adolescence and preferentially affects boys. Obesity is a ... Up to 15% of patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis present with knee or thigh pain, and the true problem (hip) may be ...
X-ray showing a slipped capital femoral epiphysis, before and after surgical fixation. ... Proximal prolongation of the superior neck line transects the epiphysis in the normal hip (right) but either lies flush with or ... Head of femur displaces from epiphysis. *Common complications: avascular necrosis of femoral head (increased risk with high ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Slipped_capital_femoral_epiphysis&oldid=223735" ...
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis The upper femoral epiphysis slips with respect to the femur, usually in a posterior inferior ... Slipped Upper femoral epiphysis. RACGP exam study notes Paediatrics Slipped Upper femoral epiphysis ...
700 Video Lectures, 250 Hours Videos Review of 650 High Yield Topics from 19 Subjects
... (SCFE) is a hip problem that occurs when the head of the femur (thigh bone) threatens to ... Slipping of the head of the femur / epiphysiolysis Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip problem that occurs when ... Peck, D. (2010). Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Aug 1;82(3):258-62. ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis frequently occurs during a growth spurt, shortly after starting puberty. For reasons that ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is believed to be associated with childhood obesity, although the strength of the ... media-1vid110.1542/5828355774001PEDS-VA_2018-1067Video Abstract BACKGROUND: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is ...
Unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is one of the most common major disorder of the ... Keywords: EPIPHYSES, SLIPPED - surgery; FEMUR HEAD - surgery; ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES - methods. Category: Clinical observations ... We analyzed cases of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis operated upon at our orthopaedic department from 2000 to 2007. ... During this seven-year period 50 patients (53 hips) underwent surgery for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Eight patients (8 ...
Learn how physical therapy is essential for treating slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) successfully by restoring ... Physical for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE): Restoring Function and Reducing Risk. Introduction. If you have been ... Physical therapy is an effective treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). It helps reduce pain, improve range of ... diagnosed with Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), physical therapy can play an important role in your recovery plan. ...
... slips in a backward direction. SCFE disorder is treated at Multnomah Orthopedic Clinic in Portland, Beaverton, Gresham in ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is an unusual disorder of the hip where the ball at the upper end of the thigh bone ( ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is an unusual disorder of the hip where the ball at the upper end of the thigh bone ( ... Slippage of the epiphysis (ball at the upper and of the thigh bone) is a gradual and slow process, however it may occur ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, or SCFE, is a painful condition in the hip joint that occurs in children, usually between 10 ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, or SCFE, is a painful condition in the hip joint that occurs in children, usually between 10 ... In a child who has SCFE, the growth plate separates and causes the femoral head to slip from the normal position on the top of ... The child feels pain because this slipping of the femoral head causes the thigh bone to push away from the hip, preventing the ...
5.5 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis can occur in patients who experience rapid growth. Any ... A bone problem called slipped capital femoral epiphysis. This happens when the top of the upper leg (femur) slips apart. Get ... 5.5 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 5.6 Progression of Preexisting Scoliosis 5.7 Malignant Neoplasia 5.8 Risk of Serious ... Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] *Progression of Preexisting Scoliosis [see Warnings and ...
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. Growth, Remodeling and Cartilage Quality after Unthreaded Fixation.. Örtegren, J., 2018, ... Continued Growth of the Femoral Neck Leads to Improved Remodeling After In Situ Fixation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. ...
... What is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? A slipped capital femoral epiphysis ( ... OrthopaedicsSCFEserious hip problemslipSlipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)trauma ... Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) Archives - Resource Library - Sheffield Childrens NHS Foundation Trust. ... SCFE) or slip is a serious hip problem where the ball of the hip falls off the thigh bone in a child, a bit like an ice cream ...
C.E., & Brown A Thompson, Amy D., et al. "SCFE: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis." The Infographic Guide to Medicine . . ... C.E., & Brown A Thompson, Amy D., et al. (2021). Scfe: slipped capital femoral epiphysis. . . The infographic guide to medicine ... C.E., & Brown A Thompson, Amy D., et al. SCFE: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. The Infographic Guide to Medicine, 13 ...
... Alessandra Merenda; ... Slipped Capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip disorder involving children during prepubescence age. Obesity, growth spurts ... Slipped Capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip disorder involving children during prepubescence age. Obesity, growth spurts ...
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE). SCFE usually happens during preteen and teen growth spurts. In this condition, the ... ball of the hip slips from the femur bone, creating pain and hip deformity. Surgery is needed to prevent further displacement. ...
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, 11/17/2023 11:42:00 AM - 11/17/2025 12:42:00 PM, ,p>Join us for the Pediatric Consult, ...
... ... of this case report is to present a severe example of cam-type hip impingement following a slipping capital femoral epiphysis ( ... We believe that the slid epiphysis was large enough to cause a fracture in the femoral heads subchondral bone during abduction ...
suffered from bilateral slipped epiphyses. So we performed a hip replacement on one side and then the other 10 days later. We ... THR Surgery of Slipped Epiphysis in a Felis Catus - Dr. Wu Junjie from Ai - Bi Veterinary Medicine Center. ...
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis.﻽. Schruff L, Monu J, Neitzschman HR. The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : ...
This is called slipped capital femoral epiphyses (i-pif-uh-seez) (SCFE). Children will usually complain of pain in the knee or ...
Polynesian children with Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. Western Orthopaedic Association Annual Meeting. Santa Fe, NM. Oct ... Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in the Polynesian Population - Variations from the Reported Literature. Hawaii Orthopaedic ... Polynesian Children with Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. Hawaii Orthopaedic Association 21st Annual Combined Orthopaedic ...
Children and adolescents with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. *Infants, children, and adolescents with significant spinal ...
Synonym: Slipped Capilal Femoral Epiphysis. Synonym: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses. Synonym: Slipped End Part of Innermost ...
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE or skiffy, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, SUFE or souffy, coxa vara adolescentium) is a medical term referring to a fracture through the growth plate (physis), which results in slippage of the overlying end of the femur (metaphysis). (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, SCFE is caused by increased force applied across the epiphysis, or a decrease in the resistance within the physis to shearing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although it is not the epiphysis that displaced, by convention, position and alignment in SCFE is described by referring to the relationship of the proximal fragment (capital femoral epiphysis) to the normal distal fragment (femoral neck). (wikipedia.org)
  • But in some kids, the hipbone doesn't connect to the thighbone as well as it should due to slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). (kidshealth.org)
  • An unstable SCFE is a more severe slip. (kidshealth.org)
  • SCFE develops as a consequence of increased stresses across a weakened physis, with a combination of both biomechanical and biochemical factors contributing to the development of the slip. (medscape.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition of the hip joint that affects children. (uhhospitals.org)
  • In SCFE, the ball of the thighbone (femoral head) slips off the neck of the thighbone. (uhhospitals.org)
  • SCFE is often described as being like a scoop of ice cream slipping off the top of a cone. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a disorder of the adolescent hip in which the upper part of the femur (head) slips through the growth plate (physis) and results in displacement of the overlying head on the neck of the femur. (luriechildrens.org)
  • In SCFE, the top of the ball slips off the rest of the femur through the growth plate. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) usually occurs in early adolescence and preferentially affects boys. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis SCFE is seen most often in obese adolescent African American boys during their rapid growth spurt (10-16 years of age). (orthofixar.com)
  • Ultrasonography and MRI have been used for diagnosis and evaluation of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis SCFE. (orthofixar.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip problem that occurs when the head of the femur (thigh bone) threatens to separate from the femur. (physiocheck.ca)
  • Separation of the hip joint and femur, a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), occurs at the bone's growth plate, making walking difficult and causing pain. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Bones: Structure and Types (SCFE) is an orthopedic disorder of early adolescence characterized by the pathologic "slipping" or displacement Displacement The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate. (lecturio.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), or slip, is a disorder of the proximal femoral growth plate leading to slippage of the epiphysis relative to the metaphysis. (envisionmi.com.au)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most important pediatric and adolescent hip disorders encountered in medical practice. (medscape.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is displacement of the femoral head (epiphysis) relative to the femoral neck (metaphysis). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is an unusual disorder of the hip where the ball at the upper end of the thighbone (femur) slips in a backward direction. (houstonscoliosis.com)
  • The treatment for SCFE is mostly surgery, which prevents any additional slipping of the femoral head until growth stops. (houstonscoliosis.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is defined as the disruption of the relationship between the proximal femoral epiphysis and the femoral neck because of softening of the proximal femoral physis and increased shear forces due to rapid growth and increased body weight during puberty. (totbid.org.tr)
  • Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with a history of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE), is typically indicated to address the consequent deformity of the proximal femur and/or acetabulum. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • One theory suggests that subtle slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) leads to proximal femoral changes resulting in cam morphology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is an orthopedic emergency. (sagepub.com)
  • Dysplasia can already develop in newborns and cam deformity is a common consequence of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), the most common hip disease in adolescents. (lu.se)
  • Narrow window of bone age in children with slipped capital femoral epiphyses. (ijpoonline.com)
  • We retrospectively reviewed 29 hips in which intertrochanteric osteotomies were performed for severe slipped capital femoral epiphyses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The goal of treatment is to prevent the femoral head from slipping further off the thighbone. (uhhospitals.org)
  • This treatment may involve the use of a steel pin or screw to hold the femoral head onto the thighbone to stop it from slipping further. (uhhospitals.org)
  • A double density that is seen at the metaphysis when a femoral head is even mildly slipped posteriorly on the AP radiograph as compared with the contralateral hip. (orthofixar.com)
  • The treatment is mostly in the form of surgery which prevents any additional slipping of the femoral head until growth stops. (corralesadvancedjoints.com)
  • The head of the femur (capital femoral epiphysis) should sit squarely on the femoral neck and forms most of the "ball" on the ball-and-socket hip joint. (luriechildrens.org)
  • The head of the femur is fixed surgically to the femur to prevent further slipping of the head of the femur until the growth plate has fused and ossified. (physiocheck.ca)
  • This occurs when the upper end of the thighbone (head of the femur) slips at the growth plate (epiphysis) and doesn't fit in the hip socket correctly. (wellspan.org)
  • A slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a separation of the ball of the hip joint from the thigh bone (femur) at the upper growing end (growth plate) of the bone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A slipped capital femoral epiphysis occurs when the upper end of the thigh bone (femur) slips at the area where the bone is growing (growth plate or physis) and does not fit in the hip socket correctly. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Rapid growth and a hormone imbalance during adolescence may cause the femur to slip. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis following Internal Fixation for Fracture Neck of Femur. (deepaksharan.com)
  • The femur can partly or completely slip out of the socket. (wellspan.org)
  • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is a disorder of proximal femoral epiphysis where there is a slippage of the epiphysis relative to the femoral neck. (orthofixar.com)
  • It is actually the metaphysis (neck part of a bone) which slips in an anterior direction with external rotation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stress around the hip causes a shear force to be applied at the growth plate, with metaphysis anteriorly translating and externally rotating, while epiphysis remains within acetabulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stress on the hip causes the epiphysis to move posteriorly and medially, relative to the metaphysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • thus, the metaphysis actually moves proximally and anteriorly while the epiphysis remains in the acetabulum. (medscape.com)
  • Blood vessels that connect the metaphysis and epiphysis serve as a conduit by which bony infection may easily reach the joint space. (medscape.com)
  • The femoral epiphysis remains in the acetabulum, and the neck is displaced anteriorly and rotates externally. (orthofixar.com)
  • The epidemiology and demographics of slipped capital femoral epi[hysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • 14. Loder RT, Aronson DD, Greenfield ML. The epidemiology of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • A cross-table, or true, lateral view can help determine the extent of posterior displacement of the epiphysis, and a "frog-leg" lateral view best shows subtle slipping. (orthofixar.com)
  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas depends on the severity of the slip or displacement Displacement The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate. (lecturio.com)
  • The term slipped capital femoral epiphysis is actually a misnomer, because the epiphysis (end part of a bone) remains in its normal anatomical position in the acetabulum (hip socket) due to the ligamentum teres femoris. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: the importance of physeal stability. (ijpoonline.com)
  • Onset is usually insidious, and symptoms of slipped capital femoral epiphysis are associated with stage of slippage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Up to 15% of patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis present with knee or thigh pain, and the true problem (hip) may be missed until slippage worsens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because treatment of advanced slippage is difficult, early diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis is vital. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Slippage of the epiphysis (ball at the upper and of the thigh bone) is a gradual and slow process, however it may occur suddenly in cases of trauma or falls. (corralesadvancedjoints.com)
  • An epiphysis is an area at the end of a long bone . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Surgery to stabilize the bone with pins or screws will prevent the ball of the hip joint from slipping or moving out of place. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Epiphysis The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. (lecturio.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis occurs in about 2 out of every 100,000 children. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When bilateral slips occur, the second slip usually occurs within 12 to 18 months of the initial slip. (orthofixar.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis frequently occurs during a growth spurt, shortly after starting puberty. (physiocheck.ca)
  • In slipped capital femoral epiphysis (ih-PIF-eh-siss), the ball slips off the back through the growth plate, almost the way a scoop of ice cream might slip off a cone. (kidshealth.org)
  • A slipped capital femoral epiphysis may affect both hips. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Slip severity measured on the Lauenstein projection was mild (<30°) in eight hips and moderate (30°-60°) in three hips. (lu.se)
  • Radiograph of the hips 1 year after open reduction for slipped capital femoral epiphysis in the left hip. (canjsurg.ca)
  • X-ray of a hip following operative percutaneous fixation of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (medscape.com)
  • It is felt that an additional 20-40% will subsequently progress to bilateral slips. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Occasionally, the slip appears to be in a valgus position, with the epiphysis displaced superiorly in relation to the neck. (medscape.com)
  • If blood supply to the area is compromised, avascular necrosis and collapse of the epiphysis may occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chondrolysis and avascular necrosis: complications of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • Radiography revealed epiphysiodesis in coxa vara with resorption of the femoral neck and evidence of avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis ( Fig. 1 ). (canjsurg.ca)
  • These techniques include surgical dislocation of the hip, the Ganz Periacetabular Osteotomy, and surgical head realignment after slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Osteotomy through the lesser trochanter for slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • Complications after modi ed Dunn osteotomy for the treatment of adolescent slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • Pediatrics Central , peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617760/all/Slipped_Capital_Femoral_Epiphysis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: diagnosis and management. (physiocheck.ca)
  • 21. Cowell HR. The significance of early diagnosis and management of slipping capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • A modification of this measurement considered a slip to have occurred if the maximal width of the epiphysis lateral to the Klein line differed 2 mm or more from the contralateral hip. (orthofixar.com)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is movement of the femoral neck upward and forward on the femoral epiphysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Klein line is a line along the anterior or superior aspect of the femoral neck that normally is intersected by the epiphysis. (orthofixar.com)
  • The capital femoral epiphysis appeared completely separated, and the femoral neck revealed cloacae. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Patients with chronic slips may have mild or moderate shortening of the affected extremity, the leg may be in fixed external rotation, and a Trendelenburg gait may be present if the slip is of a moderate degree. (orthofixar.com)
  • Radiography revealed a complete separation of the capital femoral epiphysis. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Our case differs because in our patient there was no history of trauma, complete separation of the epiphysis, delayed treatment, open reduction and a satisfactory functional outcome. (canjsurg.ca)
  • The main principles of treatment are (1) stabilization of the slip to prevent progression and (2) promotion of closure of the upper femoral physis. (medscape.com)
  • Prevent additional slipping of the epiphysis. (orthofixar.com)
  • Knee pain as the initial symptom of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: an analysis of initial presentation and treatment. (ijpoonline.com)
  • Nonoperative treatment by traction and spica cast immobilization is rarely used today in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis treatment because of its complications. (orthofixar.com)
  • Despite a higher failure rate, compared to total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of primary osteoarthritis, total hip arthroplasty can be considered a feasible option for patients with secondary osteoarthritis of the hip due to slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • The other side demonstrates an acute slip as seen by the absence of any evidence of remodeling. (medscape.com)
  • Acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis: review of the literature and report of ten cases. (ijpoonline.com)
  • Abnormal movement along the growth plate results in the slip. (wikipedia.org)
  • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis traditionally has been classified according to the stability, the duration of symptoms and the severity of the slip. (orthofixar.com)
  • An MRI can catch very early SCFEs, before they slip very far. (kidshealth.org)
  • A slipped capital femoral epiphysis may lead to early degenerative arthritis of the hip if it is not detected early and treated properly. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • In early slips, the epiphysis is flush with or below this line. (orthofixar.com)
  • Radiographs are the best first-line investigation with MRI useful for very early slips (can be occult on radiographs) or other pathology. (envisionmi.com.au)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Rising rates with obesity and aboriginality in Southern Australia. (ijpoonline.com)
  • A reduction in body mass index lowers risk for bilateral clipped capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • After reduction, the epiphysis was pinned using threaded Moore's pins. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in skeletally immature patients. (musc.edu)
  • Imaging modalities in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. (ijpoonline.com)
  • All patients with secondary osteoarthritis due to slipped capital femoral epiphysis, treated with total hip arthroplasty between 1987 and 2005, were included in this retrospective study (n=30). (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is one of the unique diseases where clinical as well as radiological features are of paramount importance both in planning and prognosis of the disease. (ijpoonline.com)