Foot Deformities, Acquired
Joint Deformities, Acquired
The Baumann procedure for fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus in cerebral palsy. Evaluation of function of the ankle after multilevel surgery. (1/29)
We treated 22 children (28 limbs) with diplegic cerebral palsy who were able to walk by the Baumann procedure for correction of fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus as part of multilevel single-stage surgery to improve gait. The function of the ankle was assessed by clinical examination and gait analysis before and at two years (2.1 to 4.0) after operation. At follow-up the ankle showed an increase in dorsiflexion at initial contact, in single stance and in the swing phase. There was an increase in dorsiflexion at initial push-off without a decrease in the range of movement of the ankle, and a significant improvement in the maximum flexor moment in the ankle in the second half of single stance. There was also a change from abnormal generation of energy in mid-stance to the normal pattern of energy absorption. Positive work during push-off was significantly increased. Lengthening of the gastrocnemius fascia by the Baumann procedure improved the function of the ankle significantly, and did not result in weakening of the triceps surae. We discuss the anatomical and mechanical merits of the procedure. (+info)Toe-walking in children younger than six years with cerebral palsy. The contribution of serial corrective casts. (2/29)
Our aim in this retrospective study was to analyse the value of serial corrective casts in the management of toe-walking in children aged less than six years with cerebral palsy. A total of 20 children (10 hemiplegic and 10 diplegic) had elongation of the triceps surae by serial casting at a mean age of four years and one month. The mean passive dorsiflexion of the foot with the knee in extension was 3 degrees (-10 to +5) and 12 degrees (0 to +15) with the knee in flexion. After removal of the cast passive dorsiflexion was 20 degrees (+10 to +30) with the knee in extension, and 28 (+10 to +35) with the knee in flexion. At a mean follow-up of 3.08 years (2.08 to 4.92), passive dorsiflexion was 9 degrees (-10 to +20) with the knee in extension and 18 degrees (0 to +30) with the knee in flexion. Serial corrective casts are useful for the treatment of equinus in young children as the procedure is simple and the results are at least equal to those of other non-operative techniques. It is a safe alternative to surgical procedures especially in young children. If the equinus recurs operation can be undertaken on a tendon which is not scarred. (+info)Long term course of the H reflex after selective tibial neurotomy. (3/29)
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the long term clinical and electrophysiological outcome by recording the H reflex in a consecutive series of six patients treated by selective tibial neurotomy for spastic equinus foot. METHOD: The amplitudes of Hmax reflexes, Mmax responses, and Hmax:Mmax ratio were recorded in six patients with chronic lower limb spasticity, before and after surgery, at day 1 and 8 months and 24 months after selective tibial neurotomy. The passive range of movement, the stretch reflex score according to the Tardieu scale, the osteoarticular and tendon repercussions, and the quality of motor control of dorsiflexion were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: At the end of the study, all patients presented a reduction of equines. Gait and Tardieu's score of spasticity had improved in all patients. Active dorsiflexion of the ankle was unchanged in four patients, but two improved by 5 degrees to 12 degrees. In five cases, fascicular resection of the superior nerve to soleus was, alone, sufficient to reduce spastic equinus foot, without recurrence, for a mean follow up of 28 months. Two patients were reoperated on, one for remaining spasticity related to an underestimated spasticity of the gastrocnemius muscles, and the other for painful claw toes. Hmax, Mmax, and Hmax:Mmax ratios were significantly lower the day after surgery. The reduction of Hmax and Hmax/Mmax ratio remained stable over time and was still statistically significant two years after the operation. However, the value of Mmax eight months postoperatively was no longer significantly different from the preoperative value. CONCLUSION: This study shows the long term efficacy of the selective tibial neurotomy as treatment of spastic equinus foot. Neurotomy confined to fibres supplying the soleus muscle is sufficient in most cases and acts by decreasing sensory afferents without significant long term motor denervation. (+info)Assessment of an electronic goniometer designed to measure equinus contracture. (4/29)
To achieve more objective and repeatable measurements of equinus contracture, we developed the equinometer, a device that allows the measurement of ankle range of motion under controlled torque conditions. This study assessed its accuracy across different subjects and examiners. Two examiners used the equinometer to measure the angle of ankle dorsiflexion at 15 N x m torque on five subjects. Accounting for variation in measurements because of subjects, examiners, and placement of device, we used linear mixed-effects models. Accounting for the variation because of subject, different placements of the equinometer within each subject and the adjustment for the effects of examiner and trial sequence, the standard deviation was 0.94 degrees, 95% confidence interval (0.79 degrees, 1.13 degrees). An upper standard deviation of 1.36 degrees is felt to be acceptable for clinical investigation. (+info)Extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis. A long-term follow-up in patients with cerebral palsy. (5/29)
Of 23 children (35 feet) with cerebral palsy who had undergone a Grice extra-articular subtalar arthrodesis for a valgus hindfoot between 1976 and 1981, we reviewed 17 (26 feet), at a mean of 20 years (17 years 3 months to 22 years 4 months) after operation. Seven were quadriplegic, eight spastic diplegic, and two hemiplegic. They were all able to walk at the time of operation. Thirteen patients (20 feet) were pleased with the Grice procedure, 13 had no pain and 15 (23 feet) were still able to walk. The clinical results were satisfactory for most feet. Radiography showed that the results had been maintained over time but 14 feet developed a mean ankle valgus of 11 degrees (6 to 18) with a compensatory hindfoot varus in 12 feet. No deformity of the talus or arthritis of adjacent joints was noted. The Grice procedure gives good long-term results in children with cerebral palsy. (+info)An equinus deformity of the ankle accounts for only a small amount of the increased forefoot plantar pressure in patients with diabetes. (6/29)
Patients with diabetes mellitus may develop plantar flexion contractures (equinus) which may increase forefoot pressure during walking. In order to determine the relationship between equinus and forefoot pressure, we measured forefoot pressure during walking in 27 adult diabetics with a mean age of 66.3 years (sd 7.4) and a mean duration of the condition of 13.4 years (sd 12.6) using an Emed mat. Maximum dorsiflexion of the ankle was determined using a custom device which an examiner used to apply a dorsiflexing torque of 10 Nm (sd 1) for five seconds. Simple linear regression showed that the relationship between equinus and peak forefoot pressure was significant (p < 0.0471), but that only a small portion of the variance was accounted for (R(2) = 0.149). This indicates that equinus has only a limited role in causing high forefoot pressure. Our findings suggest caution in undertaking of tendon-lengthening procedures to reduce peak forefoot plantar pressures in diabetic subjects until clearer indications are established. (+info)Medium-term follow-up of Achilles tendon lengthening in the treatment of ankle equinus in cerebral palsy. (7/29)
INTRODUCTION: The optimal treatment for equinus of the ankle in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy is not known. This study assessed the medium term follow-up results of treatment of spastic ankle equinus deformity in cerebral palsy using Hoke or coronal Z-lengthening of the Achilles tendon. It was hypothesized that the use of Achilles tendon lengthening (TAL) as a treatment for spastic ankle equinus during gait results in a high rate of over-weakening of the triceps surae resulting in crouch gait. We also investigated patient characteristics that could identify which patients are at risk for crouch gait due to triceps surae weakening from Achilles tendon lengthening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-nine patients (114 procedures) who had undergone Achilles lengthening were retrospectively reviewed to determine how many patients developed crouch gait with dorsiflexion of the ankle throughout stance phase requiring anterior-floor-reaction bracing. The following patient characteristics were evaluated: age at surgery, geographic type of cerebral palsy, length of follow-up, need for anterior-floor-reaction bracing, length of time after surgery when brace was prescribed, age at time of need for bracing, side of surgery, technique used, additional procedures performed at time of TAL, previous or later procedures performed, and walking ability. RESULTS: The average age at the time of TAL was 7 years and 3 months, and the average follow-up was seven years. The geographic type of cerebral palsy greatly affected the outcome. None of the twenty-three hemiplegic patients required bracing. Fourteen of 34 (41%) patients with spastic diplegia and seven of fourteen (50%) patients with spastic quadriplegia required bracing. There was no significant difference in outcome between the Hoke and the Z-lengthening procedures. Patients who underwent more procedures and bilateral procedures were more likely to require anterior-floor-reaction bracing. CONCLUSIONS: Achilles tendon lengthening as practiced by the senior author results in a high rate of over weakening of the triceps surae as defined by the need for a floor reaction brace. Results are best in patients with hemiplegia and non-hemiplegic patients who require only single leg surgery, and who do not require concomitant or subsequent surgery. Alternative treatment, such as gastrocnemius fascial lengthening, or non-surgical treatment may be the optimal treatment of ambulatory patients with spastic diplegia and quadriplegia who have spastic ankle equinus during gait. (+info)Does fascicular neurotomy have long-lasting effects? (8/29)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fascicular neurotomy has long-lasting effects on spasticity. DESIGN: We present 4 clinical cases and a critical analysis of the literature. PATIENTS: This is a retrospective study on 4 patients referred to our department for spastic equinovarus foot deformity. For all 4, neurotomy was successful not long after surgery, but spasticity reappeared after a few months. METHODS: We compared our results with those in the PubMed database. RESULTS: Most publications acknowledge the immediate effectiveness of this surgery, but do not study the long-term effects of neurotomy. No publication proved long-lasting effects of neurotomy for spastic equinovarus foot deformity. The only long-term follow-up with a sufficient population is the one of Berard et al. who reported 61% recurrence. CONCLUSION: There is no study showing that tibial nerve neurotomy has long-lasting effects. The 4 cases reported are an illustration that recurrence of spasticity may occur after neurotomy. These findings have to be taken into account for treatment decision-making and for provision of information to patients. (+info)Equinus deformity is a condition characterized by the fixed plantar flexion of the ankle, which can involve soft tissue contractures and/or osseous abnormalities, leading to limited or impaired hindfoot and forefoot motion.
Equinus deformity is a condition in which the ankle remains in a permanently plantarflexed position, meaning that the toes are pointing downward. This limitation in motion can occur in one or both feet and can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired. Acquired equinus deformity can result from conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, trauma, or prolonged immobilization. The limited range of motion in the ankle can cause difficulty walking, pain, and abnormalities in gait. Treatment options for equinus deformity may include physical therapy, bracing, orthotic devices, or surgery.
Foot deformities, acquired, refer to structural changes or abnormal alignments in the foot's bones, muscles, tendons, or soft tissues, which occur after birth due to various factors like trauma, disease, aging, or ill-fitting shoes, leading to conditions such as hammertoes, bunions, claw toes, or adult-acquired flatfoot.
Acquired foot deformities refer to structural abnormalities of the foot that develop after birth, as opposed to congenital foot deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, neurological conditions, or complications from a medical condition like diabetes or arthritis.
Examples of acquired foot deformities include:
1. Hammertoe - A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Claw toe - A more severe form of hammertoe where the toe also curls under, forming a claw-like shape.
3. Mallet toe - A condition where the end joint of a toe is bent downward, causing it to resemble a mallet.
4. Bunions - A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint, often causing pain and difficulty wearing shoes.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette) - A similar condition to a bunion, but it occurs on the outside of the foot near the little toe joint.
6. Charcot foot - A severe deformity that can occur in people with diabetes or other neurological conditions, characterized by the collapse and dislocation of joints in the foot.
7. Cavus foot - A condition where the arch of the foot is excessively high, causing instability and increasing the risk of ankle injuries.
8. Flatfoot (pes planus) - A deformity where the arch of the foot collapses, leading to pain and difficulty walking.
9. Pronation deformities - Abnormal rotation or tilting of the foot, often causing instability and increasing the risk of injury.
Treatment for acquired foot deformities varies depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include orthotics, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.
Clubfoot, also known as congenital talipes equinovarus, is a congenital foot deformity characterized by the plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the hindfoot, and various degrees of supination of the forefoot.
Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus, is a congenital foot deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. The affected foot appears to be turned inward and downward, resembling a club or a bowling pin. This condition usually affects one foot but can occur in both feet as well.
The cause of clubfoot is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Clubfoot is often diagnosed at birth or during routine prenatal ultrasound exams. Treatment for clubfoot typically involves nonsurgical methods such as stretching, casting, and bracing to gradually correct the position of the foot over time. In some cases, surgery may be required to release tight tendons and realign the bones in the foot and ankle.
If left untreated, clubfoot can lead to significant mobility issues and difficulty walking or participating in activities. However, with early intervention and consistent treatment, most children with clubfoot are able to lead active and normal lives.
'Joint Deformities, Acquired' are structural alterations of a joint's normal shape or position, occurring postnatally, which can restrict movement, cause pain, and potentially impact functional ability, often resulting from trauma, disease, or abnormal stresses such as arthritis or infection.
Acquired joint deformities refer to structural changes in the alignment and shape of a joint that develop after birth, due to various causes such as injury, disease, or wear and tear. These deformities can affect the function and mobility of the joint, causing pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Examples of conditions that can lead to acquired joint deformities include arthritis, infection, trauma, and nerve damage. Treatment may involve medication, physical therapy, or surgery to correct the deformity and alleviate symptoms.
Strongylus is a genus of large strongyle nematodes (roundworms) that are important parasites in the intestinal tract of horses, causing significant damage and disease, often referred to as strongylosis.
"Strongylus" is a genus of large strongyle roundworms that are parasitic in the gastrointestinal tract of horses and other equids. The most important species in this genus include S. vulgaris, S. edentatus, and S. equinus. These parasites can cause significant damage to the intestinal lining, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. In severe cases, they can even be fatal.
The life cycle of Strongylus spp. involves ingestion of infective larvae present in contaminated pasture, which then migrate through the walls of the intestine and travel to various organs such as the liver and lungs before returning to the intestine to mature into adults. Treatment typically involves the use of anthelmintic drugs that are effective against these parasites.
Equine nutrition
"Limb Deformities: Congenital or Acquired?" The Horse, Online edition, July 1, 2003. Web page accessed March 3, 2008. ... "The Basics of Equine Behavior," FS #525 from Equine Science Center, Rutgers University, 2004. Archived 2007-04-07 at the ... "The Basics of Equine Nutrition" from FS #038, Equine Science Center, Rutgers University, Revised: April 2004. Archived 2007-04- ... Equine nutrition is the feeding of horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, and other equines. Correct and balanced nutrition is a ...
Equine conformation
Bull neck is not considered a deformity. A long neck is one that is more than one third the length of the horse. Long necks are ... Roman nose is not considered a deformity. A horse with small nostrils or small nares can be found in any breed and often ... Equine conformation evaluates a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. ... Dished head is not considered a deformity. A Roman nose is a muzzle with a convex profile. Convex heads are associated with ...
Toe walking
"Equinus Deformity at Foot Associates of Central Texas, LLC". 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-12-08. Retrieved 2013-12- ... Hampton, DA, Hollander, Kw, Engsberg, JR (2003). "Equinus Deformity as a Compensatory Mechanism for Ankle Plantarflexor ... One study suggests that the toe walking-sometimes called an equinus gait-associated with cerebral palsy presents with an ... "Gastrocnemius and soleus lengths in cerebral palsy equinus gait: differences between children with and without static ...
Cerebral palsy
Equinus deformity is managed by conservative methods especially when dynamic. If fixed/static deformity ensues surgery may ... Hip dislocation and ankle equinus or plantar flexion deformity are the two most common deformities among children with cerebral ... Over time, deformities tend to become static, and joint contractures develop. Deformities in general and static deformities in ... Shore BJ, White N, Kerr Graham H (August 2010). "Surgical correction of equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy: a ...
Management of cerebral palsy
Dynamic deformities such as ankle equinus and hip adduction deformity leading to subluxation are usually managed conservatively ... Shore BJ, White N, Kerr Graham H (August 2010). "Surgical correction of equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy: a ... Deformities in cerebral palsy children are inherently known for being Multiplane i.e. occurring in more than one plane such as ... It is equally important that the child be able to carry out daily activities and prevent joint deformities. Children with CP ...
Spasticity
Hip dislocation and ankle equinus deformity are known to arise from muscle spasticity primarily. Orthopedic surgical ... leading for example to the scissor gait and tip-toeing gait due to ankle equinus or ankle planter flexion deformity in spastic ... Gendy S, ElGebeily M, El-Sobky TA, Khoshhal KI, Jawadi AH (2019). "Current practice and preferences to management of equinus in ...
Friedreich's ataxia
Surgery to lengthen the Achilles tendon can improve independence and mobility to alleviate equinus deformity. An automated ... Surgery may correct deformities caused by abnormal muscle tone. Titanium screws and rods inserted in the spine help prevent or ... Stretching and muscle relaxation exercises can be prescribed to help manage spasticity and prevent deformities. Other physical ... and prevent foot deformities and scoliosis. Functional electrical stimulation or transcutaneous nerve stimulation devices may ...
Dynasplint Systems
Acquired deformities manifest differently depending on the age of the horse. The Equine Dynasplint systems are also being ... Congenital deformities are present at birth, and acquired deformities develop at some stage of the growing period. ... The Equine/Camelid and Small Animal Dynasplint Systems aids in treating congenital and acquired angular and flexural ... Trotter DVM, MS, Gayle W. "Flexural Deformities". Retrieved 2010-10-26. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help ...
Pediatric podiatry
Congenital foot deformities may be readily identified, e.g. club foot (talipes equino varus). Currently the'gold-standard' ... Children who go barefoot have a lower incidence of flat feet and deformity while having greater foot flexibility than children ...
Polio
A typical manifestation of this problem is equinus foot (similar to club foot). This deformity develops when the muscles that ... People with polio that develop equinus foot cannot walk properly because they cannot put their heels on the ground. A similar ... Muscle paresis and paralysis can sometimes result in skeletal deformities, tightening of the joints, and movement disability. ... in turn leading to deformities of the spine (such as scoliosis). Osteoporosis and increased likelihood of bone fractures may ...
Gavriil Ilizarov
Ilizarov distracted the stiff non-union in his tibia by 2 cm, healing the pseudarthrosis, corrected an equinus deformity by ... "Ilizarov principles of deformity correction". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 92 (2): 101-5. doi:10.1308/ ...
Ankle
Equinus refers to the downard deflection of the ankle, and is named for the walking on the toes in the manner of a horse. This ... Varus or valgus deformity, if suspected, can be measured with the frontal tibiotalar surface angle (TTS), formed by the mid- ... Ankle joint equinus, normally in adults, relates to restricted ankle joint range of motion(ROM). Calf muscle stretching ... does not occur because it is accompanied by an inward rotation of the foot (varus deformity), which untreated, results in ...
Spinal stenosis
Spinal canal is too small at birth Structural deformities of the vertebrae may cause narrowing of the spinal canal. Any of the ... Cauda equina syndrome - Lower extremity pain, weakness, numbness that may involve perineum and buttocks, associated with ... cauda equina) continuing further down. Cervical spinal stenosis is a condition involving narrowing of the spinal canal at the ... Fever Nocturnal pain Gait disturbance Structural deformity Unexplained weight loss Previous carcinoma Severe pain upon lying ...
Equinovalgus
An equinovalgus is a deformity of the human foot. It may be a flexible deformity or a fixed deformity. Equino- means ...
List of MeSH codes (C05)
... equinus deformity MeSH C05.330.488.300 - hallux limitus MeSH C05.330.488.310 - hallux rigidus MeSH C05.330.495.150 - clubfoot ... lower extremity deformities, congenital MeSH C05.660.585.512.380 - foot deformities, congenital MeSH C05.660.585.600 - ... upper extremity deformities, congenital MeSH C05.660.585.988.425 - hand deformities, congenital MeSH C05.660.906.364 - ...
Swayback
Kentucky Equine Research Center. Retrieved 28 August 2020. "Sway back posture". lower-back-pain-management.com/. Archived from ... "serve as a model for investigating congenital skeletal deformities in horses and other species." Neutral spine Poor posture ... Scoliosis Kentucky Equine Research Staff (5 May 2011). "Genetics of Swayback Investigated in Saddlebred Horses". ker.com. ...
Equine podiatry
... cause hoof deformities, induce lameness, and increase the incidence of horse injury. It is stated that these ailments result ... Equine podiatry is the study and management of the equine foot based on its anatomy and function. The job title "Equine ... Equine, 19 (2), xi-xii O'Grady, S.E., & Poupard, D.A. (2003). Proper physiologic horseshoeing. Vet. Clin. Equine, 19 (2), 333- ... The designation DAEP denotes those that have achieved a diploma from the Institute of Applied Equine Podiatry. The equine ...
Coffin bone
"Limb deformities: congenital or acquired?". The Horse. Retrieved 23 March 2012. Vogel, Colin (2006). The Complete Performance ... Skeletal system of the horse Limbs of the horse Equine forelimb anatomy Milligan, Doug (2011). "Hoof anatomy and physiology [ ...
Treatment of equine lameness
A DDFT tenotomy can also be used to treat severe cases of flexural limb deformity in foals, but it is also a salvage procedure ... Looijen, M. G. P. "Equine Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy." (2014). Slovis N. Review of equine hyperbaric medicine. J Equine Vet ... Equine Vet J 1998;30:66 -71. Bathe AP. The corticosteroid laminitis story: 3. The clinician's viewpoint. Equine Vet J 2007; 39: ... Virginia Equine Imaging. "Mesotherapy". Virginia Equine Imaging. Retrieved 11 January 2015. Garcia-Lopez J. Kissing Spine ...
Namib Desert Horse
Overall, they have good conformation, with few deformities. Club hooves are occasionally seen in foals, likely due to trauma to ... Studies during the 1990s found no evidence of equine disease among the population and few external parasites. Investigations of ... Mannfred Goldbeck; Telané Greyling; Ron Swilling (2011). Wild horses in the Namib Desert: An Equine Biography. Windhoek. ISBN ... 106-107 Greyling, p. 108 Lesley Skipper (2007). Understanding Horse Behavior: An Innovative Approach to Equine Psychology and ...
Retrolisthesis
... the more significant it is for producing a dysfunctional spinal cord or even a cauda equina syndrome.[citation needed] Joint ... Surgical Management of Spinal Deformities. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9781416033721.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple ...
Chapman's zebra
It is also possible for Chapman's zebras to be bred via an equine surrogate, as was first done in 1984. While not considered a ... Vogelnest, L; Dart, AJ; Dart, CM (1998). "Surgical management of flexure deformity of the distal inter-phalangeal joint in ... "Equine Cushing's Disease". Royal Veterinary College. 2020. Shotton, Justine C.R.; Justice, William S.M.; Salguero, Francisco J ... Captive populations can also uniquely develop flexure deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint, or club foot, a condition ...
Simon John Curtis
... (born 15 May 1956) is a farrier, author, lecturer and horse hoof-care expert with a PhD in Equine Physiology ... Podiatry for flexural deformity in foals (2014) External and Radiographic Hoof Angles Differ in Thoroughbred Foals (2014) No ... Curtis has authored several text books on farriery and has been published in numerous journals, including the Equine Veterinary ... National Equine Forum The development of the hoof: the expert view - Thoroughbred Owner & Breeder Hoof Growth and Compression: ...
Neurogenic claudication
A history of spinal injuries or deformities is also a contributing factor to the increased likelihood of the onset of NC. Other ... In severe cases, caudea equina syndrome can develop, disrupting sensory and motor function in the lower body and bladder. ... This process involves connecting two vertebrae of the bones together to reduce pain or correct any spinal deformities. As such ... that a combination of low oxygen levels and metabolite buildup are responsible due to venous backup at the cauda equina. Pain ...
Roan (color)
Equine coat color Equine coat color genetics "roan, a. and n.1" Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd edition 1989. OED Online. Oxford ... and may have a constellation of deformities associated with "lethal white syndrome", although this condition has no relation to ... The mutation responsible for true roan has not yet been identified exactly, but been assigned to equine chromosome 21 (ECA21) ...
Water bull
Her suitor awoke, shapeshifted into his true equine form and chased after her. As the woman ran towards the farm, the witch ... whereas its Scottish counterpart produces live calves whose only deformity is apparent in their ears. The bulls have no ears ... Generally regarded as a nocturnal resident of moorland lochs, it is usually more amiable than its equine counterpart the water ...
Wry nose
Other deformities may be present, such as neck deformities, or, occasionally, limb deformities. Radiography (x-ray) of the head ... Schumacher, J (2014). Hawkins, JF (ed.). Advances in Equine Upper Respiratory Surgery. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 157-166. ISBN ... Deformations, include wry nose and flexural limb deformities, and are due to restricted movement of the foetus in-utero (in the ...
Horse cloning
In 2018, equine cloning was widely used in Argentina's polo scene. The Argentine polo horse has become the most cloned animal ... Six (43%) were normal, while the other eight suffered from neonatal disorders, umbilical problems and limb deformities. There ... In 2019, equine cloning companies are expected to open in China. The use of clones for the genetic improvement of horses' ... Equine cloning owes much of its development to the Belgian stud farm of Zangersheide, one of the pioneers of artificial ...
Epidural blood patch
Below the spinal cord there is a bundle of nerves known as the cauda equina or "horse's tail". Hence, lumbar epidural ... It may be contraindicated in people with a spinal deformity, HIV/AIDS, and leukemia. Epidurals are recommended for ...
Acorna: The Unicorn Girl
Although she is humanoid, she has equine features, a silvery mane of hair and hoof-like feet. Her vocalisations are somewhat ... She almost succeeds in having Acorna's horn removed as a 'deformity' before Judit helps the miners rescue the child. One of ... Glatt makes assumptions about Acorna, based on her assessment of human children, concluding that Acorna has deformities, ...
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Equine nutrition - Wikipedia
"Limb Deformities: Congenital or Acquired?" The Horse, Online edition, July 1, 2003. Web page accessed March 3, 2008. ... "The Basics of Equine Behavior," FS #525 from Equine Science Center, Rutgers University, 2004. Archived 2007-04-07 at the ... "The Basics of Equine Nutrition" from FS #038, Equine Science Center, Rutgers University, Revised: April 2004. Archived 2007-04- ... Equine nutrition is the feeding of horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, and other equines. Correct and balanced nutrition is a ...
Burn Rehabilitation: Overview, Treatment Goals and Planning, Acute Rehabilitation
The equinus deformity, in which the ankle is plantar flexed and the foot is in a varus position, is a serious problem that can ... This deformity interferes with ambulation and should be addressed early in recovery. Avoid injury to the femoral vessels and ... Most burn deformities can be corrected with release and grafting procedures. Any contracture around the mouth or neck that ... Most burn deformities can be corrected with release and grafting procedures. Any contracture around the mouth or neck that ...
Overview of Metatarsalgia
Flexure Deformities In Foals
... flexure deformities continue to be seen at an alarmingly high rate. Flexure deformities have been traditionally referred to as ... Special Report For Equine Veterinarians. American Farriers Journal is the "hands-on" magazine for professional farriers, equine ... Acquired flexure deformities usually develop between two and six months of age. The cause of this deformity is still elusive. ... Congential Flexure Deformities. Congenital flexure deformities are characterized by abnormal flexion with the inability to ...
Equine Dental Exams in Five Easy Steps - The Horse
Skull deformities; and. *Temporomandibular joint swelling. Abnormal head swellings can result from:. *Tooth-root disease; ... Copyright ©2023 Equine Network, LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without ... Erica Larson, former news editor for The Horse, holds a degree in journalism with an external specialty in equine science from ... 6-10 in Salt Lake City, Utah, Travis Henry, DVM, reviewed a five-component, stepwise approach to carrying out equine dental ...
Metatarsalgia: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology
Equinus deformity (See also the Medscape Reference articles Clubfoot and Clubfoot Imaging.) ... Hammertoe deformity causes metatarsalgia because the top of the shoe pushes the toe down, depressing the metatarsal head. The ... Conservative Management of Metatarsalgia and Lesser Toe Deformities. Foot Ankle Clin. 2018 Mar. 23 (1):9-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... Progression of attritional ligamentous injury may result in a crossover deformity, joint instability, and toe dislocation. Loss ...
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Ipsen Announces Updated Indication for Dysport® (abobotulinumtoxinA) for the Treatment of Spasticity in Children | BioSpace
WASHINGTON STATE REGISTER
ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 336.8 : Other myelopathy
Leonhard Döderlein's research works | University of Oxford, Oxford (OX) and other places
Background: Equinus foot deformity constitutes a common gait disorder in ambulatory adults with bilateral spastic cerebral ... Background: Patients with spastic Cerebral Palsy are prone to equinus deformities, likely affected by short and inextensible ... Background: Equinovalgus deformity is the second most common deformity in cerebral palsy and may be flexible or rigid. Several ... Complex deformities around the knee joint are usually severe and have several aetiologies. They can be present in one or more ...
Search Results | APMA
Diastrophic Dysplasia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Deformity of the foot in a patient with diastrophic dysplasia. * Severe equinus deformity in a patient with diastrophic ... Foot deformities are stiff and involve bony malformations, contracture, and malalignment, and they are difficult to correct ... Prevention of auricular deformity in children with diastrophic dysplasia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 May. 75 (5):713- ... The surgical arthrodesis of thoracic and lumbar deformities in 21 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Nov 15. 24 (22):2325-31 ...
Horse Rescue
Front Range Equine Rescue was honored to be one of fifteen equine rescues awarded a matching grant from the ASPCA for expansion ... Sallie lived with structural leg deformities and no handling. Too often in rescue we have split second decisions to make. Late ... FRONT RANGE EQUINE RESCUE. PO BOX 458 OCALA, FL 34478 Phone: 352-209-7510 Contact Us. Ways to Give. How to Help ... Front Range Equine Rescue Earns Coveted 4-Star Rating From Charity Navigator. Posted on June 6, 2016. December 10, 2019. by ...
PDF) Possibility of leg muscle hypertrophy by ambulation in older adults: A brief review
... resulting in a relative equinus deformity. Numerous study reported the association between equinus deformity and foot pain, ... van Oeveren et al., 2021). Equinus deformity was stated if the ankle dorsiflexion was less than 10⁰ with the knee flexed that ... with prior studies noticing higher peak plantar pressures in people with equinus foot more than those without the deformity ( ... it may occur from bony deformity or from soft tissue contracture, particularly triceps surae muscles or Achilles tendon. ... ...
Congenital talipes equinus varus | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org
A: AP view can show adductus deformity, while lateral view is better for equinus deformity. ... This is a classical radiograph of congenital talipes equinovarus deformity. This is a proven case with the clubfoot deformity ... Talipes equino varus based on morphometry. Proximal convergence of metacarpals is seen. ... Q: Which radiographic view is better to delineate adductus deformity - AP/Lateral? show answer ...
Flexor tendon contracture in calf forelimbs: case report
Flexural limb deformities of the carpus and fetlock in foals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. 33:331-42. ... Surgical management of congenital flexor tendon deformity in calves: A review of three cases. Journal of Entomology and Zoology ... Management of a Congenital Flexural Deformity in a Calf-Surgical and Pathological Aspects. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 48(1): ... deformity are not adequately treated, due to reluctance or lack of knowledge to perform surgery and prolonged postoperative ...
Search Results for "Plantar pressure" | APMA
Ankle Equinus Deformity and Its Relationship to High Plantar Pressure in a Large Population with Diabetes Mellitus ... Equinus was defined as less than 0° of dorsiflexion at the ankle. The overall prevalence of equinus in this population was 10.3 ... However, patients with equinus had a significantly longer duration of diabetes than those without equinus. Having a high index ... Patients with equinus had significantly higher peak plantar pressures than those without the deformity and were at nearly three ...
Jennifer Hicks' Profile | Stanford Profiles
Equinus deformity is one of the most common gait deformities in children with cerebral palsy. We examined whether estimates of ... A dynamic analysis was then performed to determine the effect of these deformities on the capacity of lower limb muscles to ... Excessive tibial torsion, a rotational deformity about the long axis of the tibia, is common in patients with cerebral palsy ... Previous research suggests that this deformity may contribute to crouch gait by reducing the capacity of soleus to extend the ...
Im Path test 2 Flashcards by Wilma Fernandes | Brainscape
Angular Limb Deformities Archives - The Horse
Two equine surgeons shared their thoughts on rotational limb deformities, contracted carpal joints, club feet, and more. ... Alltechs Equine News and Brews Resumes Feb. 23 Edited Press Release February 17, 2012 ... Copyright ©2023 Equine Network, LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without ... Veterinarians Discuss Limb Deformities Alexandra Beckstett, The Horse Managing Editor May 15, 2015 ...
Assessing Children with Clubfoot - Physiopedia
Equinus[edit , edit source]. Equinus means an increase in the plantarflexion of the foot. The picture below shows that the ... A reliable and valid method of assessing the amount of deformity in the congenital clubfoot deformity (The Canadian Orthopaedic ... There is no agreed method of grading the severity of deformity, Pirani et al[5][6] devised a simple scoring system, the Pirani ... Any foot with deformity that has received any type of treatment other than the Ponseti method may have added complexity because ...
James Gamble - Stanford Medicine Children's Health
... and equinus deformity. ... and equinus deformity.. View details for Web of Science ID ... BACK PAIN AND SPINAL DEFORMITY IN CYSTIC-FIBROSIS AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN Rose, J., Gamble, J., Schultz, A., ... Radiographs had been made for ten of these patients, and eight of them had radiographic evidence of pelvic deformity with ... BACKGROUND: Pediatric athletes who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are at risk for a growth deformity if the ...
Pediatric Vaccinations: Do You Know the Recommended Schedules?
Cialis Soft 40 mg, 20 mg - Safe Cialis Soft online
Ankle equinus, forefoot equinus, the amount of cavus, and the apex of the midfoot deformity are determined. With the foot ... Cavus foot deformity includes either a dorsiflexion deformity of the calcaneus or a forefoot plantarflexion deformity erectile ... Staged procedures, correcting deformity first and balancing muscle tissue at a later stage, could also be safer for the foot. ... Depending on the apex of the deformity, the osteotomy may be carried out on the medial cuneiform or the first metatarsal. In a ...
Repurposing alpelisib, an anti-cancer drug, for the treatment of severe TIE2-mutated venous malformations: preliminary...
Equine vets to star in new BBC documentary series on TV - Horse & Hound
... that has bred a world champion and the next treating a mini Shetland of no monetary value who has an angular limb deformity - I ... Equine vets to star in new BBC documentary series on TV Sarah Radford 9 November, 2019 16:06. ... When youre an equine vet, tasked with saving horses lives, things shouldnt go wrong but inevitably they do, as six ... An all-female veterinary team at a small equine clinic near Camarthen is to star in a new BBC documentary series which airs ...