Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.
Abnormal passage between the ESOPHAGUS and the TRACHEA, acquired or congenital, often associated with ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA.
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.
A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.
A congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the anal membrane, resulting in a thin membrane covering the normal ANAL CANAL. Imperforation is not always complete and is treated by surgery in infancy. This defect is often associated with NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; MENTAL RETARDATION; and DOWN SYNDROME.
The degeneration and resorption of an OVARIAN FOLLICLE before it reaches maturity and ruptures.
Congenital obliteration of the lumen of the intestine, with the ILEUM involved in 50% of the cases and the JEJUNUM and DUODENUM following in frequency. It is the most frequent cause of INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION in NEWBORNS. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term referring to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual, which may be genetic or environmental in origin, and can affect various systems and organs of the body.
Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression.
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
A congenital heart defect characterized by the narrowing or complete absence of the opening between the RIGHT VENTRICLE and the PULMONARY ARTERY. Lacking a normal PULMONARY VALVE, unoxygenated blood in the right ventricle can not be effectively pumped into the lung for oxygenation. Clinical features include rapid breathing, CYANOSIS, right ventricle atrophy, and abnormal heart sounds (HEART MURMURS).
Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.
The act of dilating.
The course of learning of an individual or a group. It is a measure of performance plotted over time.
An infant during the first month after birth.
The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.
A congenital abnormality that is characterized by a blocked CHOANAE, the opening between the nose and the NASOPHARYNX. Blockage can be unilateral or bilateral; bony or membranous.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

Microdeletion 22q11 and oesophageal atresia. (1/99)

Oesophageal atresia (OA) is a congenital defect associated with additional malformations in 30-70% of the cases. In particular, OA is a component of the VACTERL association. Since some major features of the VACTERL association, including conotruncal heart defect, radial aplasia, and anal atresia, have been found in patients with microdeletion 22q11.2 (del(22q11.2)), we have screened for del(22q11.2) by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) in 15 syndromic patients with OA. Del(22q11.2) was detected in one of them, presenting with OA, tetralogy of Fallot, anal atresia, neonatal hypocalcaemia, and subtle facial anomalies resembling those of velocardiofacial syndrome. The occurrence of del(22q11.2) in our series of patients with OA is low (1/15), but this chromosomal anomaly should be included among causative factors of malformation complexes with OA. In addition, clinical variability of del(22q11.2) syndrome is further corroborated with inclusion of OA in the list of the findings associated with the deletion.  (+info)

Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. (2/99)

Esophageal atresia, with or without tracheoesophageal fistula, is a fairly common congenital disorder that family physicians should consider in the differential diagnosis of a neonate who develops feeding difficulties and respiratory distress in the first few days of life. Esophageal atresia is often associated with other congenital anomalies, most commonly cardiac abnormalities such as ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus or tetralogy of Fallot. Prompt recognition, appropriate clinical management to prevent aspiration, and swift referral to an appropriate tertiary care center have resulted in a significant improvement in the rates of morbidity and mortality in these infants over the past 50 years.  (+info)

Respiratory function in childhood following repair of oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. (3/99)

AIM: To determine the relation between respiratory function in infancy and at school age in children who have undergone oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula repair, and assess the value of infant respiratory function testing; and to examine the effect of bronchodilators. METHOD: Fourteen children (6 girls, and 8 boys) who had undergone respiratory function testing in infancy were retested at school age (7-12 years). Measurements included lung volume, airways resistance, peak flow, and spirometry. Clinical problems were investigated by questionnaire. Twelve children had repeat measurements after taking salbutamol. RESULTS: Predominant complaints were non-productive cough and dysphagia, but even those children with major problems in infancy reported few restrictions at school or in sport or social activities. Respiratory function and clinical findings at school age appeared unrelated to status in infancy, such that even the patients with severe tracheomalacia requiring aortopexy did not have lung function testing suggestive of malacia at school age. Most patients showed a restrictive pattern of lung volume which would appear to result from reduced lung growth after surgery rather than being a concomitant feature of the primary congenital abnormality. Although six children reported wheeze and four had a diagnosis of asthma, only one responded to salbutamol. This suggests that a tendency to attribute all lower respiratory symptoms to asthma may have led to an overdiagnosis of this condition in this patient group. CONCLUSION: Respiratory function testing in infancy is of limited value in medium term prognosis, but may aid management of contemporary clinical signs. In children respiratory function testing is valuable in assessing suspected asthma and effects of bronchodilators.  (+info)

Familial syndromic esophageal atresia maps to 2p23-p24. (4/99)

Esophageal atresia (EA) is a common life-threatening congenital anomaly that occurs in 1/3,000 newborns. Little is known of the genetic factors that underlie EA. Oculodigitoesophageoduodenal (ODED) syndrome (also known as "Feingold syndrome") is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with digital abnormalities, microcephaly, short palpebral fissures, mild learning disability, and esophageal/duodenal atresia. We studied four pedigrees, including a three-generation Dutch family with 11 affected members. Linkage analysis was initially aimed at chromosomal regions harboring candidate genes for this disorder. Twelve different genomic regions covering 15 candidate genes (approximately 15% of the genome) were excluded from involvement in the ODED syndrome. A subsequent nondirective mapping approach revealed evidence for linkage between the syndrome and marker D2S390 (maximum LOD score 4.51 at recombination fraction 0). A submicroscopic deletion in a fourth family with ODED provided independent confirmation of this genetic localization and narrowed the critical region to 7.3 cM in the 2p23-p24 region. These results show that haploinsufficiency for a gene or genes in 2p23-p24 is associated with syndromic EA.  (+info)

Increased fetal nuchal translucency: possible association with esophageal atresia. (5/99)

We describe a case in which in-utero diagnosis of an esophageal atresia with a tracheo-esophageal fistula in the third trimester followed the finding of an increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester and suggest a mechanism by which these two findings might be associated.  (+info)

Oesophageal atresia in the South West of England. (6/99)

A retrospective anatomical and family study was made of 345 patients with oesophageal atresia who were born in the South West of England between 1942 and 1973. There were 186 males and 159 females. Twenty-one cases were stillborn. Eighty-five percent of the patients had a combination of oesophageal atresia with a tracheo-oesophageal fistula to the distal oesophageal segment, and 9 percent had atresia without a fistula. Fifty-five per cent of the patients had other congenital malformations and these tended to be multiple rather than single. Thirty-six per cent of singletons had unequivocal fetal growth retardation, and there is some evidence that nearly all cases have poor fetal growth. There appeared to be a maternal age effect, with an excess of mothers under 20 and over 35, and there was an unexplained excess of fathers employed in the Armed Forces. Ten per cent of the cases were illegitimate. There were 21 twins which is nearly three times the expected number; there were two pairs of twins concordant for oesophageal atresia, one being monozygotic and the other dizygotic. In one case there were two sibs with oesophageal atresia. Five out of 365 sibs had anencephaly. The blood group distributions of the patients and their mothers did not significantly differ from the expected distribution. Oesophageal atresia is aetiologically heterogenous. In this series there were at least five, and probably 10 cases of trisomy 18 and four cases of trisomy 21. Five mothers had overt diabetes, and there is some suggestion from other work that maternal diabetes or its treatment may be aetiologically important. Oesophageal atresia was part of a possibly recessively inherited malformation syndrome in two cases. A sibship with a case of rectal atresia, a case of Hirschprung's disease and a case of oesophageal atresia may represent the action of another recessive gene. It seems likely that oesophageal atresia is a rather non-specific consequence of several teratological processes.  (+info)

Evidence of a common pathogenesis for foregut duplications and esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula. (7/99)

The pathogenesis of the alimentary tract duplications, including foregut duplications (FgD) remains speculative. The accidental finding of FgD in fetal rats with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) induced by Adriamycin provided an animal model to investigate a possible relationship between these two entities. Timed-pregnant rats were intraperitoneally injected with Adriamycin (1.75 mg/kg) on gestational Days 6 to 9. Their embryos were harvested by Caesarean section from gestational Days 14 to 21. Forty-six of embryos were processed and serially sectioned in the transverse or sagittal planes. EA-TEF occurred in 43/46 (93%) embryos of which 11 (24%) were found to have an associated FgD located at the level where the esophagus was absent. Six FgDs communicated with the foregut or the trachea. Five noncommunicating FgDs were located between the foregut and the vertebral column. In the control embryo, the notochord was located in the centre of the vertebral column from Day 11 of the gestation. In Day 14, 15 and 16, however, embryos exposed to Adriamycin, an abnormal notochord or branch frequently was located within the mesenchyme of the maldeveloped foregut or attached to the duplication cyst. In some, it appeared that the notochord was drawing the cyst-like structure away from the foregut. The present study confirms that duplications adjacent to the esophagus arise from the foregut and that failure of the foregut to detach from the notochord at the normal time may contribute to the development of foregut duplications.  (+info)

The influence of congenital heart disease on survival of infants with oesophageal atresia. (8/99)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of congenital heart disease in babies with oesophageal atresia and its influence on outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: The resident population of one health region. RESULTS: A total of 153 babies with oesophageal atresia were identified from 509 975 live births (0.30 per 1000); 26 (17%) had cardiac defects. Survival of babies with normal hearts was 97%, 97%, and 95% at one week, one month, and one year. Survival of babies with congenital heart disease was 85%, 85%, and 67% at one week, one month, and one year, but only one of ten deaths was the result of the congenital heart disease. The remaining deaths were due to other congenital malformations, respiratory disease, or chromosome abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of congenital heart disease in babies with oesophageal atresia. Congenital heart disease is associated with a higher mortality in oesophageal atresia but it is not the cause of it.  (+info)

Esophageal atresia is a congenital condition in which the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach, does not develop properly. In most cases, the upper esophagus ends in a pouch instead of connecting to the lower esophagus and stomach. This condition prevents food and liquids from reaching the stomach, leading to difficulty swallowing and feeding problems in newborn infants. Esophageal atresia often occurs together with a congenital defect called tracheoesophageal fistula, in which there is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the windpipe (trachea).

The medical definition of 'Esophageal Atresia' is:

A congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of a normal connection between the upper esophagus and the stomach, resulting in the separation of the proximal and distal esophageal segments. The proximal segment usually ends in a blind pouch, while the distal segment may communicate with the trachea through a tracheoesophageal fistula. Esophageal atresia is often associated with other congenital anomalies and can cause serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly after birth.

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). This congenital anomaly is usually present at birth and can vary in size and location. It can cause complications such as respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and recurrent lung infections. TEF is often treated surgically to separate the trachea and esophagus and restore their normal functions.

Esophageal stenosis is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or constriction of the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This narrowing can make it difficult to swallow food and liquids, leading to symptoms such as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), pain or discomfort while swallowing, regurgitation, and weight loss.

Esophageal stenosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Scarring or fibrosis due to prolonged acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
2. Radiation therapy for cancer treatment
3. Ingestion of corrosive substances
4. Eosinophilic esophagitis, an allergic condition that affects the esophagus
5. Esophageal tumors or cancers
6. Surgical complications

Depending on the underlying cause and severity of the stenosis, treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms, dilation procedures to widen the narrowed area, or surgery to remove the affected portion of the esophagus. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any difficulty swallowing or other symptoms related to esophageal stenosis.

Esophagoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves reconstructing or reshaping the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This procedure may be performed to treat various conditions such as esophageal atresia (a birth defect in which the esophagus does not develop properly), esophageal stricture (narrowing of the esophagus), or esophageal cancer.

During an esophagoplasty, a surgeon may use tissue from another part of the body, such as the stomach or colon, to reconstruct the esophagus. The specific technique used will depend on the individual patient's needs and the nature of their condition.

It is important to note that esophagoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that carries risks such as bleeding, infection, and complications related to anesthesia. Patients who undergo this procedure may require extensive postoperative care and rehabilitation to recover fully.

Biliary atresia is a rare, progressive liver disease in infants and children, characterized by the inflammation, fibrosis, and obstruction of the bile ducts. This results in the impaired flow of bile from the liver to the intestine, leading to cholestasis (accumulation of bile in the liver), jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and eventually liver cirrhosis and failure if left untreated.

The exact cause of biliary atresia is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It can occur as an isolated condition or in association with other congenital anomalies. The diagnosis of biliary atresia is typically made through imaging studies, such as ultrasound and cholangiography, and confirmed by liver biopsy.

The standard treatment for biliary atresia is a surgical procedure called the Kasai portoenterostomy, which aims to restore bile flow from the liver to the intestine. In this procedure, the damaged bile ducts are removed and replaced with a loop of intestine that is connected directly to the liver. The success of the Kasai procedure depends on several factors, including the age at diagnosis and surgery, the extent of liver damage, and the skill and experience of the surgeon.

Despite successful Kasai surgery, many children with biliary atresia will eventually develop cirrhosis and require liver transplantation. The prognosis for children with biliary atresia has improved significantly over the past few decades due to earlier diagnosis, advances in surgical techniques, and better postoperative care. However, it remains a challenging condition that requires close monitoring and multidisciplinary management by pediatric hepatologists, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals.

Imperforate anus is a congenital condition in which the opening of the anus is absent or abnormally closed or narrowed, preventing the normal passage of stool. This results in a blockage in the digestive tract and can lead to serious health complications if not treated promptly.

The anus is the external opening of the rectum, which is the lower end of the digestive tract. During fetal development, the rectum and anus normally connect through a canal called the anal canal or the recto-anal canal. In imperforate anus, this canal may be completely closed or narrowed, or it may not form properly.

Imperforate anus can occur as an isolated condition or as part of a genetic syndrome or other congenital abnormalities. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Treatment for imperforate anus typically involves surgery to create an opening in the anus and restore normal bowel function. In some cases, additional procedures may be necessary to correct related abnormalities or complications. The prognosis for individuals with imperforate anus depends on the severity of the condition and any associated abnormalities. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people with imperforate anus can lead normal lives.

Follicular atresia is a physiological process that occurs in the ovary, where follicles (fluid-filled sacs containing immature eggs or oocytes) undergo degeneration and disappearance. This process begins after the primordial follicle stage and continues throughout a woman's reproductive years. At birth, a female has approximately 1 to 2 million primordial follicles, but only about 400 of these will mature and release an egg during her lifetime. The rest undergo atresia, which is a natural process that helps regulate the number of available eggs and maintain hormonal balance within the body.

The exact mechanisms that trigger follicular atresia are not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by various factors such as hormonal imbalances, oxidative stress, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). In some cases, accelerated or excessive follicular atresia can lead to infertility or early menopause.

Intestinal atresia is a congenital condition characterized by the absence or complete closure of a portion of the intestine, preventing the passage of digested food from the stomach to the remaining part of the intestines. This results in a blockage in the digestive system, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly after birth. The condition can occur anywhere along the small or large intestine and may affect either a single segment or multiple segments of the intestine.

There are several types of intestinal atresia, including:

1. Jejunal atresia: A closure or absence in the jejunum, a part of the small intestine located between the duodenum and ileum.
2. Ileal atresia: A closure or absence in the ileum, the lower portion of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine (cecum).
3. Colonic atresia: A closure or absence in the colon, a part of the large intestine responsible for storing and eliminating waste.
4. Duodenal atresia: A closure or absence in the duodenum, the uppermost portion of the small intestine that receives chyme (partially digested food) from the stomach.
5. Multiple atresias: When more than one segment of the intestines is affected by atresia.

The exact cause of intestinal atresia remains unclear, but it is believed to be related to disruptions in fetal development during pregnancy. Treatment typically involves surgical correction to reconnect the affected segments of the intestine and restore normal digestive function. The prognosis for infants with intestinal atresia depends on the severity and location of the atresia, as well as any associated conditions or complications.

Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope, is inserted through a small incision between the ribs to examine the lungs and pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). It allows the surgeon to directly view the chest cavity, take biopsies, and perform various operations. This procedure is often used in the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusions, lung cancer, and other chest conditions.

'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.

Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.

The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.

Gastrostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach. This opening, called a stoma or gastrostomy tract, allows for the passage of a tube (gastrostomy tube) that can be used to provide enteral nutrition and hydration directly into the stomach when a person is unable to consume food or fluids by mouth due to various medical conditions such as dysphagia, neurological disorders, or head and neck cancers.

Gastrostomy tubes come in different types and sizes, including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes, laparoscopic gastrostomy tubes, and open surgical gastrostomy tubes. The choice of the procedure depends on various factors such as the patient's medical condition, anatomy, and overall health status.

The primary purpose of a gastrostomy is to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration for individuals who have difficulty swallowing or are unable to consume enough food or fluids by mouth to meet their nutritional needs. It can also help prevent complications associated with prolonged fasting, such as malnutrition, dehydration, and weight loss.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It is located in the midline of the neck and chest, passing through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen and join the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

The esophagus has a few distinct parts: the upper esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the throat), the middle esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (another ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach). The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food and liquids to enter the stomach and then contracts to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

The walls of the esophagus are made up of several layers, including mucosa (a moist tissue that lines the inside of the tube), submucosa (a layer of connective tissue), muscle (both voluntary and involuntary types), and adventitia (an outer layer of connective tissue).

Common conditions affecting the esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal strictures, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Pulmonary atresia is a congenital heart defect where the pulmonary valve, which controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, doesn't form properly and instead of being open, there is a membranous obstruction or atresia. This results in an absence of communication between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

The right ventricle is often small and underdeveloped due to this condition, and blood flow to the lungs can be severely limited. In some cases, there may be additional heart defects present, such as a ventricular septal defect (a hole between the two lower chambers of the heart) or patent ductus arteriosus (an abnormal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta).

Pulmonary atresia can range from mild to severe, and treatment options depend on the specific anatomy and physiology of each individual case. Treatment may include medications, catheter-based procedures, or open-heart surgery, and in some cases, a heart transplant may be necessary.

Fetal diseases are medical conditions or abnormalities that affect a fetus during pregnancy. These diseases can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. They can range from mild to severe and may impact various organ systems in the developing fetus. Examples of fetal diseases include congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, and infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis or rubella. Fetal diseases can be diagnosed through prenatal testing, including ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or delivery of the fetus, depending on the nature and severity of the disease.

Dilation, also known as dilatation, refers to the process of expanding or enlarging a body passage or cavity. In medical terms, it typically refers to the widening of a bodily opening or hollow organ, allowing for increased flow or access. This can occur naturally, such as during childbirth when the cervix dilates to allow for the passage of a baby, or it can be induced through medical procedures or interventions.

For example, dilation of the pupils is a natural response to darkness or certain medications, while dilation of blood vessels is a common side effect of some drugs and can also occur in response to changes in temperature or emotional state. Dilation of the stomach or intestines may be necessary for medical procedures such as endoscopies or surgeries.

It's important to note that dilation can also refer to the abnormal enlargement of a body part, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, which refers to an enlarged and weakened heart muscle.

A "learning curve" is not a medical term per se, but rather a general concept that is used in various fields including medicine. It refers to the process of acquiring new skills or knowledge in a specific task or activity, and the improvement in performance that comes with experience and practice over time.

In a medical context, a learning curve may refer to the rate at which healthcare professionals acquire proficiency in a new procedure, technique, or technology. It can also describe how quickly patients learn to manage their own health conditions or treatments. The term is often used to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs and to identify areas where additional education or practice may be necessary.

It's important to note that individuals may have different learning curves depending on factors such as prior experience, innate abilities, motivation, and access to resources. Therefore, it's essential to tailor training and support to the needs of each learner to ensure optimal outcomes.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

In medical terms, the "neck" is defined as the portion of the body that extends from the skull/head to the thorax or chest region. It contains 7 cervical vertebrae, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and glands (such as the thyroid gland). The neck is responsible for supporting the head, allowing its movement in various directions, and housing vital structures that enable functions like respiration and circulation.

Choanal atresia is a medical condition where the back of the nasal passage (choana) is blocked or narrowed, usually by bone, membrane, or a combination of both. This blockage can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various reasons such as infection, injury, or tumor.

Congenital choanal atresia is more common and occurs during fetal development when the nasal passages fail to open properly. It can affect one or both sides of the nasal passage and can be unilateral (affecting one side) or bilateral (affecting both sides). Bilateral choanal atresia can cause breathing difficulties in newborns, as they are obligate nose breathers and cannot breathe through their mouth yet.

Treatment for choanal atresia typically involves surgical intervention to open up the nasal passage and restore normal breathing. The specific type of surgery may depend on the location and extent of the blockage. In some cases, follow-up surgeries or additional treatments may be necessary to ensure proper functioning of the nasal passage.

Prenatal ultrasonography, also known as obstetric ultrasound, is a medical diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid inside the uterus. It is a non-invasive and painless test that is widely used during pregnancy to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, detect any potential abnormalities or complications, and determine the due date.

During the procedure, a transducer (a small handheld device) is placed on the mother's abdomen and moved around to capture images from different angles. The sound waves travel through the mother's body and bounce back off the fetus, producing echoes that are then converted into electrical signals and displayed as images on a screen.

Prenatal ultrasonography can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, including early pregnancy to confirm the pregnancy and detect the number of fetuses, mid-pregnancy to assess the growth and development of the fetus, and late pregnancy to evaluate the position of the fetus and determine if it is head down or breech. It can also be used to guide invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Overall, prenatal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in modern obstetrics that helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Congenital esophageal atresia (EA) represents a failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage. Instead, it ends ... Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) that affects the alimentary tract. It causes the esophagus ... The upper neck pouch sign is another sign that helps in the antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia and it may be detected ... "Esophageal Atresia Treatment Program". Children's Hospital Boston. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 1 June ...
"Choanal atresia". Pubmed Health. Retrieved 11 September 2012. Dugdale, David. "Esophageal atresia". PubMed Health. Retrieved 11 ... Esophageal atresia, which affects the alimentary tract and causes the esophagus to end before connecting normally to the ... Atresia is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia ... Congenital bronchial atresia, a rare congenital abnormality Choanal atresia, blockage of the back of the nasal passage, usually ...
... particularly oesophageal atresia, oesophageal replacement and gastroesophageal reflux especially in neurologically impaired ... Spitz, Lewis (2007). "Oesophageal atresia". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-24. PMC ... Spitz, Lewis (January 1996). "Esophageal atresia: Past, present, and future". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 31 (1): 19-25. doi: ... Spitz, Lewis (October 2006). "Esophageal atresia". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 41 (10): 1635-1640. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg. ...
S2CID 39432557.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) "Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal ... Esophageal atresia can be diagnosed by Ryle nasogastric tube; if the Ryle fails to pass into the stomach, then this indicates ... Esophageal atresia and the subsequent inability to swallow typically cause polyhydramnios in utero. Rarely it may present in an ... Congenital esophageal atresia. Am J of Roentgenol. 1929;22:463-465. Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso ...
Spitz, L (2007). "Oesophageal atresia". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2: 24. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-24. PMC 1884133. PMID 17498283. ... Dapo was born with a long gap esophageal atresia, missing a third of her esophagus. This congenital defect is common, occurring ... "Dr Zaritzky Pioneers Non-surgical Option for Babies with Esophageal Atresia - Department of Radiology - The University of ... "Staged repair of esophageal atresia: Pouch approximation and catheter-based magnetic anastomosis". Journal of Pediatric Surgery ...
Respiratory System Bax, Klaas (2010). "27 - Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Malformations". Ashcraft's Pediatric ... "Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula - February 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians". Archived from ...
This is more common in duodenal and oesophageal atresia. The most common cause of non-duodenal intestinal atresia is a vascular ... Intestinal atresia occurs in around 1 in 3,000 births in the United States. The most common form of intestinal atresia is ... Ileal atresia can also result as a complication of meconium ileus.[citation needed] A third of infants with intestinal atresia ... Intestinal atresia may be classified by its location. Patients may have intestinal atresia in multiple locations. Duodenal ...
2000). "Familial syndromic esophageal atresia maps to 2p23-p24". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 66 (2): 436-44. doi:10.1086/302779. PMC ...
Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: suggested mechanism in faulty organogenesis. J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Jan;34(1): ...
Esophageal atresia also occurs in some patients with double aortic arch. Prenatal diagnosis (fetal ultrasound): Today the ... "Double aortic arch associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 24 (5): 488 ...
"Timing and embryology of esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula". The Anatomical Record. 249 (2): 240-8. doi:10.1002 ... Tracheal agenesis (also known as tracheal atresia) is a rare birth defect with a prevalence of less than 1 in 50,000 in which ... BMP-4 null mutations in the foregut endoderm and in its surrounding mesoderm results in atresia of the trachea and under ... Type I is described as tracheal atresia, rather than tracheal agenesis. The trachea is absent proximally but there remains a ...
weekend repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula". J Pediatr Surg. 51 (5): 739-42. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg. ... "The effect of weekend versus weekday admission on outcomes of esophageal variceal hemorrhage". Can J Gastroenterol. 23 (7): 495 ...
ISBN 978-0-443-06583-5. Shaw-Smith, C (18 November 2005). "esophageal atresia, tracheo-esophageal fistula, and the VACTERL ... Two of the most common congenital malformations affecting the esophagus are an esophageal atresia where the esophagus ends in a ... In its early stages, esophageal cancer may not have any symptoms at all. When severe, esophageal cancer may eventually cause ... Opening of the upper esophageal sphincter is triggered by the swallowing reflex. The primary muscle of the upper esophageal ...
Bilateral choanal atresia can cause respiratory distress and, in most cases, arrest. Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal ... The combination of both esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula is especially life-threatening due to feeding ... Occasional findings include short stature, heart and thumb defects, esophageal atresia, and tracheoesophageal fistula. These ... Unilateral choanal atresia can cause neo-natal breathing difficulties and posteriorly mouth breathing, which, although not ...
"Life-threatening anoxic spells caused by tracheal compression after repair of esophageal atresia: correction by surgery". ...
Shaw-Smith, C (July 2006). "Oesophageal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, and the VACTERL association: review of genetics ... Oesophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TO fistula or TOF) is seen in about 70 percent of patients with VACTERL ... Placa, Simona; Mario, Gluffre (2013). "Esophageal atresia in newborns: a wide spectrum from the isolated forms to a full ... Esophageal atresia R - Renal (Kidney) and/or radial anomalies L - Limb defects Although it was not conclusive whether VACTERL ...
Sheena was born with an esophageal atresia in which the esophagus narrows as it approaches the stomach. Treatment of this ...
He performed esophageal anastomoses for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula, and resection and anastomosis in ... intestinal atresia. He was among the first to advocate performing a pelvic osteotomy when treating bladder exstrophy and for ...
... is also occasionally performed for benign disease such as esophageal atresia in children, achalasia, or caustic ... This procedure is usually done for patients with esophageal cancer. It is normally done when esophageal cancer is detected ... Despite significant improvements in technique and postoperative care, the long-term survival for esophageal cancer is still ...
It was revealed in 2016, that Albrechtsen's son, Justin, suffered from an extremely rare disease named esophageal atresia. In ...
... is marked by various combinations of microcephaly, limb malformations, esophageal and duodenal atresias. ... 5th toe short palpebral fissures esophageal and/or duodenal atresia There is no known treatment for the disorder, but surgery ...
Edwards was born with oesophageal atresia, which is responsible for the bisectional scar on her stomach, and anosmia. As a ... She had issues with anaemia and was left malnourished because of her condition with oesophageal atresia. "No place like home ... In August 2018, she received further treatment on her throat for her oesophageal condition. In April 2019, Edwards shared her ...
Additional features associated with SOX2 mutations include developmental delay, oesophageal atresia, short stature and ...
found an association of advanced maternal age >40 and birth defects such as cardiac issues, esophageal atresia, hypospadias, ...
Other conditions that predispose to food bolus obstructions are esophageal webs, tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia ( ... When considering esophageal dilation to treat a patient with food bolus obstruction, care must be made to look for features of ... While some esophageal food boli can pass by themselves or with the assistance of medications, some require the use of endoscopy ... An esophageal food bolus obstruction is a medical emergency caused by the obstruction of the esophagus by an ingested foreign ...
Esophageal atresia is a congenital defect of the digestive system in which the continuity of the esophageal wall is interrupted ... with sonic hedgehog gene knockout mice showing phenotypes similar to those seen in patients with esophageal atresia/stenosis, ... Biliary atresia is a congenital defect where the common bile duct, which connects the small intestine to the liver, is ... Esophageal stricture is the narrowing of the esophagus resulting in swallowing difficulties. Pyloric stenosis is the thickening ...
Other abnormalities include anal atresia, absence of the rectum and sigmoid colon, esophageal and duodenal atresia, and a ... It can be caused by renal diseases such as bilateral renal agenesis (BRA), atresia of the ureter or urethra causing obstruction ...
Koop never lost a full-term baby upon whom he had operated to correct esophageal atresia. It was due to this background that he ... having been denied surgical treatment to correct his esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Baby Doe, as he would be ... such as the colon interposition graft for correcting esophageal atresia (congenital lack of continuity of the esophagus) or ... was diagnosed with Down syndrome as well as esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Six days later, after court ...
A Replogle tube is a medical device used in the treatment of babies with esophageal atresia or other blockages of the gastro ...
Frequently associated congenital anomalies include tracheal stenosis, esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, ... Some authors have suggested vascular cause of pulmonary agenesis similar to the causes for intestinal atresia and others ...
Congenital esophageal atresia (EA) represents a failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage. Instead, it ends ... Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) that affects the alimentary tract. It causes the esophagus ... The upper neck pouch sign is another sign that helps in the antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia and it may be detected ... "Esophageal Atresia Treatment Program". Childrens Hospital Boston. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 1 June ...
Esophageal atresia is a birth defect of the swallowing tube (esophagus) that connects the mouth to the stomach. ... What is Esophageal Atresia?. Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which part of a babys esophagus (the tube that connects ... Types of Esophageal Atresia. There are four types of esophageal atresia: Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D. ... The causes of esophageal atresia in most babies are unknown. Researchers believe that some instances of esophageal atresia may ...
Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which the esophagus does not develop properly. The esophagus is the tube that normally ... Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which the esophagus does not develop properly. The esophagus is the tube that normally ... Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital defect. This means it occurs before birth. There are several types of EA. In most cases ... Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which the esophagus does not develop properly. The esophagus is the tube that normally ...
Esophageal atresia refers to a congenitally interrupted esophagus. One or more fistulae may be present between the malformed ... Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula * Sections Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal ... encoded search term (Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula) and Esophageal Atresia With or Without ... No human teratogens that cause esophageal atresia are known. Esophageal atresia that occurs in families has been reported. A 2 ...
... esophageal dysmotility, fistula recurrence, respiratory disorders including tracheomalacia and ... Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula (OA-TOF) is one of the most common digestive malformations occurring in 1 in ... Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula (OA-TOF) is one of the most common digestive malformations occurring in 1 in ... Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula (OA-TOF) is one of the most common digestive malformations occurring in 1 in ...
Esophageal Atresia Care. Expert care for children with esophageal atresia and related conditions, from the team at Columbia/ ... About Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula (EA/TEF) Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital condition (present at ... Hawks C, Middlesworth W, Khlevner J. " Do Symptoms Reliably Identify Esophageal Stricture in Patients with Esophageal Atresia ... intraluminal impedance/pH monitoring and esophageal biopsy for esophageal surveillance in children with esophageal atresia." ...
What Is Esophageal Atresia? Esophageal atresia (EA) is a condition in which a babys food tube (esophagus) and stomach dont ... Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Symptoms Some symptoms of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula ... Complications After Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair Sometimes the repaired food tube leaks outside of the ... The surgery team will need to open the area to stretch it, using a procedure called esophageal dilation. Some children will ...
The constellation of features are consistent with esophageal atresia type C (proximal esophageal atresia with distal tracheo- ... "esophageal-atresia-3","modality":"X-ray","series":[{"id":56774374,"content_type":"image/png","frames":[{"id":56774374,"width": ... "esophageal-atresia-3","modality":"Fluoroscopy","series":[{"id":56774375,"content_type":"image/png","frames":[{"id":56774375," ... Rastin M, Esophageal atresia. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 03 Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-96014 ...
This study aims to identify the risk factors and reasons for treatment abandonment for patients with esophageal atresia (EA) in ... To identify the risk factors and reasons for treatment abandonment for patients with esophageal atresia (EA) in a tertiary care ... Endoscopic management of anastomotic esophageal strictures secondary to esophageal atresia. Gastrointest Endosc Clin. (2016) 26 ... Anastomotic stricture after surgical repair of esophageal atresia: frequency, risk factors, and efficacy of esophageal bougie ...
Keywords: Esophageal atresia, Esophageal stenosis, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Long gap esophageal atresia, Recurrent ... Esophageal atresia is an anomaly with frequently occurring sequelae requiring lifelong management and follow-up. Because of the ... patients with esophageal atresia preferably should be managed in centers of expertise that have the ability to deal with all ...
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is the most common congenital malformation of the upper ... Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is the most common congenital malformation of the upper ... First genome-wide association study of esophageal atresia identifies three genetic risk loci at CTNNA3, FOXF1/FOXC2/FOXL1, and ... article{08a84872-eb68-4f3b-b3e7-f7ef3007c534, abstract = {{,p,Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/ ...
Thoracoscopic approach for oesophageal atresia_ A real game changer_ _ Elsevier Enhanced Reader. ... Thoracoscopic approach for oesophageal atresia_ A real game changer_ _ Elsevier Enhanced Reader. ... Thoracoscopic approach for oesophageal atresia_ A real game changer_ _ Elsevier Enhanced Reader ...
While oesophageal atresia (OA), with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF), is one such diagnosis, the wide spectrum of ... Prognostic value of prenatally detected small or absent fetal stomach with particular reference to oesophageal atresia ... Prognostic value of prenatally detected small or absent fetal stomach with particular reference to oesophageal atresia ...
Esophageal Atresia Ethnicity Female Humans Infant International Cooperation Live Birth Male Population Surveillance Pregnancy ... Background:Esophageal atresia (EA) affects around 2.3-2.6 per 10,000 births world-wide. Infants born with this condition ... "Prevalence of Esophageal Atresia among 18 International Birth Defects Surveillance Programs" vol. 94, no. 11, 2012. Export RIS ... The prevalence of esophageal atresia (EA) has been shown to vary across different geographical settings. Investigation of ...
Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which part of a babys esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) does ...
Esophageal Atresia - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Esophageal atresia is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) atresia. The estimated incidence is 1 in 3500 live births. Other ... Esophageal atresia with a distal fistula leads to abdominal distention because, as the infant cries, air from the trachea is ... 2. Shieh HF, Jennings RW: Long-gap esophageal atresia. Semin Pediatr Surg 26(2):72-77, 2017. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2017.02. ...
Esophageal atresia is a congenital disorder in which a babys esophagus does not form properly during pregnancy. Learn about ... Babies with esophageal atresia and no tracheoesophageal fistula (called "pure esophageal atresia") are not at risk for stomach ... This can occur with or without esophageal atresia. If your baby also has esophageal atresia, milk is not delivered to the ... Esophageal atresia often occurs with another rare problem, tracheoesophageal fistula (TE fistula). A baby with esophageal ...
... is a voluntary international collaboration set up in 2014 to collect data on infants with esophageal atresia/trachea-esophageal ... Oesophageal atresia registry access: register.oaregistry.eu. Guidelines for the Registry are outlined in the Network Office ... European Paediatric Surgeons Association Esophageal Atresia RegistryGaia Tamaro2021-12-20T10:39:26+01:00 The European ... Data on all infants with EA born or transferred to a participating center before any major esophageal surgery are collected ...
Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia answers are found in the 5-Minute Pediatric Consult powered by Unbound ... In a long-gap atresia (esophageal ends separated by more than three vertebral bodies) where the esophageal ends do not meet, a ... 204659003 Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (disorder). *235640006 Tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia of ... Atresia. Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia. In: Cabana MDM, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019 ...
Risk factors for refractory anastomotic strictures after oesophageal atresia repair: a multicentre study. Archives of Disease ... Risk factors for refractory anastomotic strictures after oesophageal atresia repair : a multicentre study. In: Archives of ... Risk factors for refractory anastomotic strictures after oesophageal atresia repair: a multicentre study. / Vergouwe, Floor W. ... N2 - Objective To determine the incidence of refractory anastomotic strictures after oesophageal atresia (OA) repair and to ...
Esophageal atresia refers to a congenitally interrupted esophagus. One or more fistulae may be present between the malformed ... Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula * Sections Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal ... encoded search term (Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula) and Esophageal Atresia With or Without ... No human teratogens that cause esophageal atresia are known. Esophageal atresia that occurs in families has been reported. A 2 ...
If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you dont have an Access Profile, please contact your librarys reference desk for information on how to gain access to this resource from off-campus.. Learn More ...
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a life-threatening emergency in extreme low birth weight infants (ELBW). Presence of ... Dive into the research topics of Phrenic nerve palsy following prematurity accompanied with esophageal atresia. Together they ... Banding of the esophageal cardia and a gastrostomy were conducted. After sufficient thriving, a thoracoscopic anastomosis of ...
Esophageal Atresia Global Support Groups e.V. Sommerrainstrasse 61, 70374 Stuttgart, Germany ...
UMC Utrecht Center of Expertise for Congenital Esophageal and Airway Diseases. UMC Utrecht - Universitair Medisch Centrum ...
For example, this was the case for sertraline and diaphragmatic hernia; fluoxetine and esophageal atresia; and citalopram and ...
Atresia Esofágica/complicações; Estudos Retrospectivos; Qualidade de Vida Esophageal atresia; Esophageal dysphagia; ... Dysphagia in patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery: Assessment using a functional Dysphagia in patients undergoing ... Up to 84% of patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery have dysphagia beyond the neonatal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS:. ... A retrospective study of patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery from 2005 to 2021 was carried out. The Functional Oral ...
Familial occurrence of esophageal atresia with and without tracheoesophagel fistula: Report of two unusual kindreds. American ... Familial occurrence of esophageal atresia with and without tracheoesophagel fistula : Report of two unusual kindreds. In: ... keywords = "autosomal dominant, esophageal atresia, facial anomalies",. author = "Pletcher, {B. A.} and Friedes, {J. S.} and ... Familial occurrence of esophageal atresia with and without tracheoesophagel fistula: Report of two unusual kindreds. / Pletcher ...
Psychometric Performance of a Condition-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument for Dutch Children Born with Esophageal Atresia. / ... Psychometric Performance of a Condition-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument for Dutch Children Born with Esophageal Atresia. In ... Psychometric Performance of a Condition-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument for Dutch Children Born with Esophageal Atresia. ... Psychometric Performance of a Condition-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument for Dutch Children Born with Esophageal Atresia. ...
  • Esophageal atresia often occurs with tracheoesophageal fistula, a birth defect in which part of the esophagus is connected to the trachea, or windpipe. (cdc.gov)
  • Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula malformations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • [ 3 ] In a fetus with esophageal atresia and a distal TEF, some amniotic fluid presumably flows through the trachea and down the fistula to the gut. (medscape.com)
  • Oesophageal Atresia-Tracheoesophageal Fistula (OA-TOF) is one of the most common digestive malformations occurring in 1 in 2,400 to 4,500 births worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
  • The primary complications during the postoperative period are leak and stenosis of the anastomosis, gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal dysmotility, fistula recurrence, respiratory disorders including tracheomalacia and "cyanotic spells" and deformities of the thoracic wall. (frontiersin.org)
  • Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a rare birth defect occurring in 1 in 2,500-4,000 babies where the esophagus fails to properly connect the mouth to the stomach. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is one of the most common congenital malformations of the esophagus, with an incidence of 1/2,500-1/4,500 ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is the most common congenital malformation of the upper digestive tract. (lu.se)
  • While oesophageal atresia (OA), with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF), is one such diagnosis, the wide spectrum of outcomes of pregnancies with a small/absent stomach presents a significant challenge. (bmj.com)
  • Esophageal atresia is incomplete formation of the esophagus, frequently associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Esophageal atresia with a distal fistula leads to abdominal distention because, as the infant cries, air from the trachea is forced through the fistula into the lower esophagus and stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Congenital H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula: An institutional review of a 10-year period. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Esophageal atresia often occurs with another rare problem, tracheoesophageal fistula (TE fistula). (yalemedicine.org)
  • At Yale Medicine, our maternal-fetal specialists are experts in treating rare conditions like esophageal atresia and TE fistula-and many more problems that arise in utero. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Our Yale Medicine surgeons are skilled at several treatments for esophageal atresia and TE fistula. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Tracheoesophageal fistula is another birth defect often occurring with esophageal atresia. (yalemedicine.org)
  • The exact causes of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are unknown. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Up to half of all babies with esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula have at least one other birth defect, and often several. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Both esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are also commonly found in babies with VACTERL association. (yalemedicine.org)
  • What are the symptoms of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula? (yalemedicine.org)
  • Signs and symptoms of esophageal atresia or tracheoesophageal fistula are usually noticed soon after birth. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Often, though, esophageal atresia and TE fistula are not diagnosed until after birth. (yalemedicine.org)
  • How are esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed? (yalemedicine.org)
  • If symptoms suggest esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula, a doctor will conduct a thorough physical exam and order X-rays and other imaging studies of the chest and abdomen. (yalemedicine.org)
  • The European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Esophageal Atresia Registry (EUPSA-EAR) is a voluntary international collaboration set up in 2014 to collect data on infants with esophageal atresia/trachea-esophageal fistula managed at participating Institutions. (eupsa.info)
  • Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) is a congenital condition of incomplete formation of the esophagus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Exclusion criteria were isolated fistula, inability to obtain oesophageal continuity, death prior to discharge and follow-up = 5 dilations at maximally 4-week intervals. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • In 1696, Gibson provided the first description of esophageal atresia with a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). (medscape.com)
  • He also suggests that esophageal vascular events, ischemic events, or both may be causes in cases of esophageal atresia without fistula. (medscape.com)
  • Surgery was performed on day 1 to cure the atresia and close the tracheoesophageal fistula, with success. (clinicalcasereportsjournal.com)
  • We describe 2 unique kindreds with familial occurrence of esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and reviewed the literature on familial EA +/- TEF.EA +/- TEF appears to be causally heterogeneous with evidence pointing to the existence of non-genetic developmental and multifactorial forms. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Type C-proximal oesophageal atresia and distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula-is the most common. (springeropen.com)
  • We describe a neonate with long proximal pouch oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula emphasizing the difficulty in arriving at the diagnosis. (springeropen.com)
  • This prompted us to consider the possibility of a missed oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula. (springeropen.com)
  • The tracheo-oesophageal fistula was ligated and a cervical oesophagostomy and Stamm gastrostomy were performed due to irreparable tear in the long upper pouch. (springeropen.com)
  • Gross described five types of oesophageal atresia with type C-proximal oesophageal atresia and distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula-accounting for about 85% of the anomalies [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The incidences of various esophageal diseases (e.g., congenital esophageal stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, esophageal cancer) are increasing, but esophageal tissue is difficult to be recovered because of its weak regenerative capability. (nature.com)
  • We present a first case of ARSA-esophageal fistula in a 20-year-old woman with VATER association in the absence of an esophageal anomaly and review 28 cases of ARSA-esophageal fistula reported in the literature to date. (thieme-connect.de)
  • An autopsy demonstrated an ARSA-esophageal fistula and no other source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Although the mortality rate is still high, timely recognition and repair of ARSA-esophageal fistula appear to be improving. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Vascular anomalies associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Aortic arch anomalies associated with long gap esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. (thieme-connect.de)
  • 3 Millar A, Rostom A, Rasuli P, Saloojee N. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to an aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: a case report and review of the literature. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Survival after aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: case report and literature review. (thieme-connect.de)
  • A case of an aberrant subclavian artery-esophageal fistula due to prolonged nasogastric intubation [in Japanese]. (thieme-connect.de)
  • 9 Belkin RI, Keller FS, Everts EC, Rösch J. Aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: a cause of overwhelming upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. (thieme-connect.de)
  • My research areas include developmental biology, esophageal arresia, tracheoesophageal fistula and airway malacia. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • There are four types of esophageal atresia: Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D. (cdc.gov)
  • Oesophageal atresia and associated anomalies. (cdc.gov)
  • It divides the oesophageal anomalies into five types. (springeropen.com)
  • Arterial-esophageal fistulae developing in patients with anomalies of the aortic arch system. (thieme-connect.de)
  • The optimal treatment in cases of long gap esophageal atresia remains controversial. (wikipedia.org)
  • Magnetic compression method is another method for repairing long-gap esophageal atresia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Until recently, there were no satisfactory treatment options for long-gap esophageal atresia to save the esophagus. (childrenshospital.org)
  • For a child with the more challenging form of esophageal atresia known as long-gap esophageal atresia, however, the gap between the two "nubs" of the esophagus is too far apart to connect surgically. (childrenshospital.org)
  • John Foker, MD, PhD, a pediatric, general and cardiac surgeon from the University of Minnesota, developed a technique to stimulate growth of the upper and lower ends of the esophagus to treat cases of long-gap esophageal atresia. (childrenshospital.org)
  • The Foker process works best when used as the initial treatment for long-gap esophageal atresia. (childrenshospital.org)
  • In 1862, Hirschsprung (a famous pediatrician from Copenhagen) described 14 cases of esophageal atresia. (medscape.com)
  • In a baby with esophageal atresia, the esophagus has two separate sections-the upper and lower esophagus-that do not connect. (cdc.gov)
  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) - Women who used ART to become pregnant have an increased risk of having a baby with esophageal atresia compared to women who did not use ART. (cdc.gov)
  • In a baby with esophageal atresia and a distal TEF, the lungs may be exposed to gastric secretions. (medscape.com)
  • A baby with esophageal atresia has a connection between the esophagus and the trachea (windpipe) going in to the lungs. (yalemedicine.org)
  • A baby with esophageal atresia may need to be fed intravenously until the esophagus can be surgically repaired. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Expert care for children with esophageal atresia and related conditions, from the team at Columbia/NYP's Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Malformations associated with esophageal atresia are common. (clinicalcasereportsjournal.com)
  • The topics covered will be abdominal wall defects, intestinal atresias and malrotation, esophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, necrotizing enterocolitis, anorectal malformations, hepatobilairy pathologies and congenital pulmonary airway malformations. (ipeg.org)
  • Every year, about 100 children undergo surgery with reconstruction of the rectum, pelvic floor and genitals due to malformations of the gastrointestinal tract such as anal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease, esophageal atresia, or urogenital malformations such as hypospadias, and congenital pelvic tumors such as sacrococcygeal teratoma. (lu.se)
  • The upper neck pouch sign is another sign that helps in the antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia and it may be detected soon after birth as the affected infant will be unable to swallow its own saliva. (wikipedia.org)
  • diagnosis of esophageal atresia is suggested by inability to pass the tube into the stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This rare subtype of long upper pouch oesophageal atresia poses a diagnostic dilemma that can result in delay in the diagnosis and management. (springeropen.com)
  • If the tip of the catheter passes below the level of the carina, the diagnosis of oesophageal atresia is usually questioned. (springeropen.com)
  • A diagnosis of oesophageal atresia was suspected due to the feed intolerance and inability to pass an orogastric tube into the stomach. (springeropen.com)
  • Routine prenatal ultrasonography may suggest esophageal atresia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Rule out "double bubble" of coincident duodenal atresia. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • There are two types of Feingold syndrome: many patients with FS type 1 reveal also gastrointestinal defects, mainly esophageal or duodenal atresia . (chromodisorder.org)
  • In one of these families the proband who in addition to typical manifestations had duodenal atresia and epilepsy also had a 1.23 Mb deletion of chromosome 2p24.3p24.2. (chromodisorder.org)
  • Esophageal atresia is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) atresia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This study from South Australia using the state's Cancer Registry data provides compelling evidence for a significant increase in the incidence of young-onset (18-50 years) gastrointestinal (oesophageal, stomach, colon and rectum, and pancreas) adenocarcinomas over the last three decades. (mdpi.com)
  • On plain X-ray, a feeding tube will not be seen pass through the esophagus and remain coiled in the upper oesophageal pouch. (wikipedia.org)
  • Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital condition (present at birth) in which the esophagus fails to connect to the stomach as it should and ends in a blind pouch instead. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • Less commonly, there is a dilated upper esophageal pouch, but this is typically looked for only in fetuses with polyhydramnios and no stomach bubble. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Iatrogenic esophageal perforation, particularly in VLBW infants (Appearance of Replogle tip in mediastinum on chest radiograph may look similar to esophageal pouch. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • With oesophageal atresia, the tip of the tube is found to be curled in the blind upper pouch. (springeropen.com)
  • In this variant, the level of the blind upper oesophageal pouch is lower than usual and leads to a diagnostic dilemma. (springeropen.com)
  • Our aim is to report a newborn with the long upper pouch oesophageal atresia to emphasize the diagnostic dilemma and the rare complication of a long tear in the long upper pouch. (springeropen.com)
  • Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) that affects the alimentary tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which part of a baby's esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) does not develop properly. (cdc.gov)
  • Esophageal atresia is a birth defect of the swallowing tube (esophagus) that connects the mouth to the stomach. (cdc.gov)
  • Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which the esophagus does not develop properly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A birth defect, esophageal atresia occurs when the upper esophagus, which carries food from the mouth to the stomach, does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Approximately 19% of infants with esophageal atresia meet criteria for VACTERL. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Data on all infants with EA born or transferred to a participating center before any major esophageal surgery are collected anonymously with an online form, cross-checked for conformity, and entered into a central registry database. (eupsa.info)
  • Esophageal atresia (EA) is a life-threatening emergency in extreme low birth weight infants (ELBW). (uni-luebeck.de)
  • began with births in 2014), to understand the causes of and risks for birth defects, including esophageal atresia. (cdc.gov)
  • Nearly half of all babies born with esophageal atresia have one or more additional birth defects, such as other problems with the digestive system (intestines and anus), heart, kidneys, or the ribs or spinal column. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC continues to study birth defects, such as esophageal atresia, and how to prevent them. (cdc.gov)
  • This structure can be applied to full-thickness circumferential esophageal defects and esophageal regeneration. (nature.com)
  • Probably, the middle oesophagus not only separates from the respiratory tract but also fuses with the proximal oesophagus to complete formation of the oesophageal tube. (springeropen.com)
  • Objective To determine the incidence of refractory anastomotic strictures after oesophageal atresia (OA) repair and to identify risk factors associated with refractory strictures. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • abstract = "Objective To determine the incidence of refractory anastomotic strictures after oesophageal atresia (OA) repair and to identify risk factors associated with refractory strictures.Methods Retrospective national multicentre study in patients with OA born between 1999 and 2013. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • The incidence of esophageal atresia is 1 case in 3000-4500 births. (medscape.com)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), peptic esophagitis, gastric metaplasia and Barrett esophagus, anastomotic strictures (early as well as late), feeding disorders, dysphagia, esophageal dysmotility are the most frequent GI short and long- term complications encountered in children and adolescents. (frontiersin.org)
  • On antenatal USG, the finding of an absent or small stomach in the setting of polyhydramnios was considered a potential symptom of esophageal atresia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Esophageal atresia is most commonly detected after birth when the baby first tries to feed and has choking or vomiting, or when a tube inserted in the baby's nose or mouth cannot pass down into the stomach. (cdc.gov)
  • Esophageal atresia (EA) is a condition in which a baby's food tube (esophagus) and stomach don't connect because the tube didn't form all the way before birth. (utah.edu)
  • If your baby also has esophageal atresia, milk is not delivered to the stomach. (yalemedicine.org)
  • If the child has esophageal atresia, the tube will not be able to pass to the stomach. (yalemedicine.org)
  • The esophageal tissue refers to the hollow organ between the oropharynx and the stomach, which allows food to pass to the stomach through peristalsis. (nature.com)
  • A hiatal hernia can involve the lower esophagus and stomach herniating into the chest through the esophageal hiatus. (healthtap.com)
  • Surgical exploration and complementary exams showed: a type III esophageal atresia, a dextrocardia, and a severe right pulmonary atresia associated with right pulmonary artery hypoplasia. (clinicalcasereportsjournal.com)
  • In the posterior mediastinum, the esophagus continues behind the left main bronchus and right pulmonary artery and comes to lie in front of the descending thoracic aorta at the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. (medscape.com)
  • The surgery team will need to open the area to stretch it, using a procedure called esophageal dilation. (utah.edu)
  • Dysphagia in patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery: Assessment using a functional scale. (bvsalud.org)
  • Up to 84% of patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery have dysphagia beyond the neonatal period. (bvsalud.org)
  • A retrospective study of patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery from 2005 to 2021 was carried out. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dysphagia is an extremely frequent symptom at any given age in patients undergoing esophageal atresia surgery . (bvsalud.org)
  • In patients with esophageal atresia requiring prolonged placement of an endotracheal or nasogastric tube, a screening imaging study and corrective surgery may be indicated. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Esophageal atresia is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Esophageal atresia is a congenital disorder in which a baby's esophagus does not form properly during pregnancy. (yalemedicine.org)
  • A fetus with esophageal atresia cannot effectively swallow amniotic fluid, especially when TEF is absent. (medscape.com)
  • Using the Foker technique, surgeons place traction sutures in the tiny esophageal ends and increase the tension on these sutures daily until the ends are close enough to be sewn together. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers believe that some instances of esophageal atresia may be caused by abnormalities in the baby's genes . (cdc.gov)
  • The occasional association of esophageal atresia with trisomies 21, 13, and 18 further suggests genetic causation. (medscape.com)
  • The neonate with esophageal atresia cannot swallow and drools copious amounts of saliva. (medscape.com)
  • Esophageal atresia that occurs in families has been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Also, twinning occurs about 6 times more frequently in patients with esophageal atresia than in those without the condition. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] This theory does not easily account for esophageal atresia but explains TEF as a deficiency or breakdown of esophageal mucosa, which occurs as the linear growth of the organ exceeds the cellular division of the esophageal epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), the most common aortic arch abnormality, occurs in approximately 0.5 to 1.8% of the general population, with prevalence of up to 25% in those with esophageal atresia. (thieme-connect.de)
  • How Many Babies are Born with Esophageal Atresia? (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers estimate that about 1 in every 4,100 babies is born with esophageal atresia in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • With esophageal atresia, babies have two separate tubes instead of one-and they are not connected to each other. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Esophageal atresia affects 1 in 4,000 babies. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Human esophageal tissue consists of the mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layers. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, it is necessary to develop esophageal tissueengineering that enables regeneration of esophageal mucosa and muscle layers. (nature.com)
  • Thus, technical limitations exist that preclude composition of free-form constructs such as the esophageal mucosa and muscle layers. (nature.com)
  • Risk factors were isolated OA, anastomotic leakage and the need for oesophageal dilation less than 1 month after OA repair. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • 10 Buades Reynes J, Aguirre Errasti C, Bilbao Ercoreca FJ, Oñate Landa A. Letter: Aneurysm of aberrant right subclavian artery with esophageal perforation. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Esophageal atresia is an anomaly with frequently occurring sequelae requiring lifelong management and follow-up. (uu.nl)
  • Surveillance in Patients with Esophageal Atresia. (columbiasurgery.org)
  • This study aims to identify the risk factors and reasons for treatment abandonment for patients with esophageal atresia (EA) in a tertiary care hospital in China. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since 2009, Dr. Foker has worked exclusively with Boston Children's Hospital surgeon Russell Jennings, MD, and the Esophageal and Airway Treatment Center team to ensure that his surgical technique continues to help young patients with esophageal concerns. (childrenshospital.org)
  • In a minority of cases, the gap between upper and lower esophageal segments may be too long to bridge. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oesophageal atresia is a congenital abnormality commonly encountered in neonates. (springeropen.com)
  • We next carried out an esophageal/tracheal transcriptome profiling in rat embryos at four selected embryonic time points. (lu.se)
  • Development of the oesophagus seems to be more complex than just the cranio-caudal separation of the foregut into respiratory and oesophageal components. (springeropen.com)
  • The variants of esophageal atresia have been described using many anatomic classification systems. (medscape.com)
  • Esophageal atresia classification according to Gross. (medscape.com)