Esophageal Fistula

Fistula

Arteriovenous Fistula

Intestinal Fistula

Cutaneous Fistula

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Ursula Horsman Memorial Hospital

Cheri L. Canon

Esophageal atresia

Richard Briers

Alexander Marmureanu

Double aortic arch

Tracheal agenesis

Weekend effect

Esophageal cancer

Tracheoesophageal septum

Ramesh C. Deka

John G. S. Coghill

Mandibulofacial dysostosis-microcephaly syndrome

Self-expandable metallic stent

Aortoesophageal fistula

Hematemesis

TBX2

Orvar Swenson

VACTERL association

Fistula

Lithium metal battery

Eating disorders and memory

Esophageal food bolus obstruction

Pancreatic fistula

Esophagus

C. Everett Koop

Diatrizoate

Pulmonary agenesis

Tracheo-oesophageal puncture

Tracheo-Esophag1

• In tracheo-esophageal fistula it runs between the trachea and the esophagus. (wikipedia.org)

Associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal1

• Vascular anomalies associated with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. (thieme-connect.de)

Resection9

• She later underwent esophageal resection and recovered well. (nih.gov)
• The abscess would not dissipate, and an infected iatrogenic aortoesophageal fistula was formed, which was surgically treated with esophageal resection, gastric tube reconstruction, and omental flap coverage. (uu.nl)
• It is surgically corrected, with resection of any fistula and anastomosis of any discontinuous segments. (wikipedia.org)
• One case underwent artificially infected vascular segment resection and esophageal repair at the same time. (authorea.com)
• 5 cases underwent artificial infection vascular resection, 4 of them underwent esophageal repair, and 1 case had a large intraoperative fistula and local resection of the esophagus. (authorea.com)
• Conclusion ：In patients with aortic esophageal fistula after TEVAR, the establishment of artificial vascular bypass, the resection of the infected vascular segment, contemporaneous or staged esophageal repair, regular anti-infective treatment can obtain a good prognosis. (authorea.com)
• Deemed not a candidate for esophageal cancer surgical resection. (mayo.edu)
• The approval was based on data from KEYNOTE-590 ( NCT03189719 ), a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 749 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic esophageal or GEJ carcinoma (Siewert Type I) who were not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation. (merck.com)
• Combined use of hemostatic clips and detachable nylon snare (the "tulip-bundle" technique) has been described as an effective therapy for the closure of esophageal perforations after endoscopic resection [ 7 ] and of esophagomediastinal fistulas [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Esophagus and the trachea3

• [ 1 ] One or more fistulae may be present between the anomalous esophagus and the trachea. (medscape.com)
• A tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea (which leads to the lungs). (msdmanuals.com)
• see spelling differences) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea. (wikipedia.org)

Stenosis2

• The primary complications during the postoperative period are leak and stenosis of the anastomosis, gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal dysmotility, fistula recurrence, respiratory disorders including tracheomalacia and "cyanotic spells" and deformities of the thoracic wall. (frontiersin.org)
• The incidences of various esophageal diseases (e.g., congenital esophageal stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, esophageal cancer) are increasing, but esophageal tissue is difficult to be recovered because of its weak regenerative capability. (nature.com)

Diverticulum1

• Type 1 BEFs consist of an esophageal diverticulum forming the fistula, type 2 consist of an extension of the esophagus into a lobar or segmental bronchus (most common), type 3 result from an extending bronchogenic cyst, and type 4 results from a pulmonary sequestration. (appliedradiology.com)

Cases of esophageal atresia2

• In 1862, Hirschsprung (a famous pediatrician from Copenhagen) described 14 cases of esophageal atresia. (medscape.com)
• He also suggests that esophageal vascular events, ischemic events, or both may be causes in cases of esophageal atresia without fistula. (medscape.com)

Aortoesophageal fistula4

• Subsequent intraoperative aortography confirmed an aortoesophageal fistula. (nih.gov)
• Almadi MA, Bamihriz F, Aljebreen AM. Fatal aortoesophageal fistula bleeding after stenting for a leak post sleeve gastrectomy. (wjgnet.com)
• An emergency laparotomy was performed and identified the source of bleeding to be an aortoesophageal fistula. (wjgnet.com)
• An aortoesophageal fistula after an esophageal SEMS insertion for a benign disease has rarely been reported and only in cases where there was a thoracic neoplasm, thoracic aortic aneurism, endovascular stent repair, foreign body or esophageal surgery. (wjgnet.com)

Atresia with distal2

• We describe a neonate with long proximal pouch oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula emphasizing the difficulty in arriving at the diagnosis. (springeropen.com)
• This prompted us to consider the possibility of a missed oesophageal atresia with distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula. (springeropen.com)

Gastroesophageal3

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), peptic esophagitis, gastric metaplasia and Barrett esophagus, anastomotic strictures (early as well as late), feeding disorders, dysphagia, esophageal dysmotility are the most frequent GI short and long- term complications encountered in children and adolescents. (frontiersin.org)
• The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of endoscopic cryoablation for lessening the effects of dysphagia on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with unresectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junctional cancer. (mayo.edu)
• Has esophageal or gastroesophageal cancer and expected to receive systemic anticancer therapy. (mayo.edu)

Recurrence2

• Surgical repair can sometimes result in complications, including:[citation needed] Stricture, due to gastric acid erosion of the shortened esophagus Leak of contents at the point of anastomosis Recurrence of fistula Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Dysphagia Asthma-like symptoms, such as persistent coughing/wheezing Recurrent chest infections Tracheomalacia Neonates with TEF or esophageal atresia are unable to feed properly. (wikipedia.org)
• During the follow-up period, the remaining patients had no recurrence of infection and esophageal fistula. (authorea.com)

Tracheoesophageal fistulas2

• Diagnosis is commonly delayed or potentially misdiagnosed, whereas tracheoesophageal fistulas, which have a higher incidence and greater association with endotracheal intubation, are typically diagnosed much more quickly. (appliedradiology.com)
• Acquired BEFs are less common than tracheoesophageal fistulas. (appliedradiology.com)

Aortic8

• While this scenario was a traumatic cause of oesophageal-aortic fistula, it should be noted that there are non-traumatic causes of the same. (3danatomyseries.com)
• In fact, these fistulae can be caused by compression of the aorta from an aneurysm, advanced gastrointestinal malignancies or erosion of an aortic graft into adjacent gastrointestinal tract and can occur anywhere along the length of the aorta. (3danatomyseries.com)
• In smaller fistulas with slow, minor bleeds, patients can present with malaise or ischaemia of lower limbs due to less blood flow from the aortic bleed. (3danatomyseries.com)
• Objective: To investigate the effect of aortic esophageal fistula treatment after thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR) with artificial vessel bypass. (authorea.com)
• Methods: The clinical data of 6 consecutive patients who received surgical treatment at Shanghai Deda Hospital from September 2019 to June 2021 due to aortic esophageal fistula after TEVAR were retrospectively analyzed. (authorea.com)
• Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), the most common aortic arch abnormality, occurs in approximately 0.5 to 1.8% of the general population, with prevalence of up to 25% in those with esophageal atresia. (thieme-connect.de)
• Aortic arch anomalies associated with long gap esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. (thieme-connect.de)
• Arterial-esophageal fistulae developing in patients with anomalies of the aortic arch system. (thieme-connect.de)

Complications3

• Batteries located in the esophagus should be removed as soon as possible because of the risk of esophageal burns and resultant complications. (ispub.com)
• Perforation of the distal esophagus is one of the most morbid complications that can occur in minimally invasive esophageal surgery. (sls.org)
• Complications and treatment of fistulas after sleeve gastrectomy. (bvsalud.org)

Anomalies2

• It divides the oesophageal anomalies into five types. (springeropen.com)
• Gross described five types of oesophageal atresia with type C-proximal oesophageal atresia and distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula-accounting for about 85% of the anomalies [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)

Perforation may occur1

• In the process of dissecting the esophagus from the diaphragmatic hiatus, an esophageal perforation may occur. (sls.org)

Bronchoesophageal fistula1

• A bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF) is an abnormal connection that forms between the esophagus and the bronchus, most commonly within the right bronchial tree. (appliedradiology.com)

Stents1

• The center offers the leading treatments including anti-reflux surgery, LINX, diaphragmatic hernia repair, endoscopic Zenker's diverticulectomy, per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), and esophageal stents. (swedish.org)

Development of esophageal3

• Currently, most authorities believe that the development of esophageal atresia has a nongenetic basis. (medscape.com)
• In a 1987 report, Kluth eschews the concept that tracheoesophageal septation has a key role in the development of esophageal atresia. (medscape.com)
• 1,3,4 In a case such as the one described here, a significant history of smoking seemed to be a major contributor to the development of esophageal malignancy. (appliedradiology.com)

Esophagectomy1

• Nonetheless, potential problems are associated with the most common esophageal procedures: Fundoplication, Heller myotomy, and esophagectomy. (sls.org)

Mucosa5

• [ 4 ] This theory does not easily account for esophageal atresia but explains TEF as a deficiency or breakdown of esophageal mucosa, which occurs as the linear growth of the organ exceeds the cellular division of the esophageal epithelium. (medscape.com)
• The oesophageal mucosa is ulcerated and haemorrhagic. (3danatomyseries.com)
• Human esophageal tissue consists of the mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layers. (nature.com)
• Therefore, it is necessary to develop esophageal tissueengineering that enables regeneration of esophageal mucosa and muscle layers. (nature.com)
• Thus, technical limitations exist that preclude composition of free-form constructs such as the esophageal mucosa and muscle layers. (nature.com)

Symptoms3

• What are the symptoms of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula? (msdmanuals.com)
• You should not receive this medicine if you have porphyria (a genetic enzyme disorder that causes symptoms affecting the skin or nervous system), esophageal bleeding, a fistula (abnormal passageway) in the throat or esophagus, or a tumor that affects a large blood vessel. (cigna.com)
• Therefore, the lack of symptoms should not be the indicator to rule out esophageal lodgment. (ispub.com)

Chest3

• Iatrogenic esophageal perforation, particularly in VLBW infants (Appearance of Replogle tip in mediastinum on chest radiograph may look similar to esophageal pouch. (unboundmedicine.com)
• The Researching Esophageal Atresia for Children's Health (REACH) Clinic uses a minimally invasive surgical approach for EA repair, using three small incisions in the chest, whenever possible. (columbiasurgery.org)
• A hiatal hernia can involve the lower esophagus and stomach herniating into the chest through the esophageal hiatus. (healthtap.com)

Dysphagia2

• Comparative Study Between Fully Covered Esophageal Prosthesis (FC-SEMS) and Partially Covered Esophageal Prosthesis (PC-SEMS) in the Palliation of Dysphagia Due to Malignant Neoplasm of Esophagus. (who.int)
• Indication of palliation of dysphagia through the placement of esophageal prostheses in a multidisciplinary meeting. (who.int)

Trachea and esophagus2

• citation needed] Fistulae between the trachea and esophagus in the newborn can be of diverse morphology and anatomical location. (wikipedia.org)
• Some babies have a hole or connection between the trachea and esophagus, called a trachehoesophageal fistula, or TEF. (columbiasurgery.org)

Stomach12

• Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a condition resulting from abnormal development before birth of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (the esophagus ). (medlineplus.gov)
• In esophageal atresia (EA), the upper esophagus does not connect (atresia) to the lower esophagus and stomach. (medlineplus.gov)
• Esophageal atresia blocks liquids fed to the infant from entering the stomach, so they are spit back up, sometimes along with fluids from the respiratory tract. (medlineplus.gov)
• Esophageal atresia (EA) is a condition in which a baby's food tube (esophagus) and stomach don't connect because the tube didn't form all the way before birth. (utah.edu)
• Esophageal atresia is a birth defect in which your baby is born with a narrow or closed-up esophagus, so food can't get to the stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
• For esophageal atresia, they'll create a connection between your baby's esophagus and stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
• if the Ryle fails to pass into the stomach, then this indicates esophageal atresia and loss of communication between stomach and esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
• For the purposes of this discussion, proximal esophagus indicates normal esophageal tissue arising normally from the pharynx, and distal esophagus indicates normal esophageal tissue emptying into the proximal stomach. (wikipedia.org)
• Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a rare birth defect occurring in 1 in 2,500-4,000 babies where the esophagus fails to properly connect the mouth to the stomach. (columbiasurgery.org)
• Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital condition (present at birth) in which the esophagus fails to connect to the stomach as it should and ends in a blind pouch instead. (columbiasurgery.org)
• A diagnosis of oesophageal atresia was suspected due to the feed intolerance and inability to pass an orogastric tube into the stomach. (springeropen.com)
• The esophageal tissue refers to the hollow organ between the oropharynx and the stomach, which allows food to pass to the stomach through peristalsis. (nature.com)

Pouch5

• The tracheo-oesophageal fistula was ligated and a cervical oesophagostomy and Stamm gastrostomy were performed due to irreparable tear in the long upper pouch. (springeropen.com)
• This rare subtype of long upper pouch oesophageal atresia poses a diagnostic dilemma that can result in delay in the diagnosis and management. (springeropen.com)
• With oesophageal atresia, the tip of the tube is found to be curled in the blind upper pouch. (springeropen.com)
• In this variant, the level of the blind upper oesophageal pouch is lower than usual and leads to a diagnostic dilemma. (springeropen.com)
• Our aim is to report a newborn with the long upper pouch oesophageal atresia to emphasize the diagnostic dilemma and the rare complication of a long tear in the long upper pouch. (springeropen.com)

Cyanosis2

• Saliva, liquids fed to the infant, or digestive fluids may enter the windpipe through the tracheoesophageal fistula, leading to coughing, respiratory distress, and a bluish appearance of the skin or lips (cyanosis). (medlineplus.gov)
• Tracheoesophageal fistula is suggested in a newborn by copious salivation associated with choking, coughing, vomiting, and cyanosis coincident with the onset of feeding. (wikipedia.org)

Neonate1

• The neonate with esophageal atresia cannot swallow and drools copious amounts of saliva. (medscape.com)

Diagnosis3

• In patients with an H-type fistula, diagnosis may be delayed. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Arterioesophageal fistula secondary to rupture of an aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm: a rare differential diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (thieme-connect.de)
• If the tip of the catheter passes below the level of the carina, the diagnosis of oesophageal atresia is usually questioned. (springeropen.com)

Patients7

• Also, twinning occurs about 6 times more frequently in patients with esophageal atresia than in those without the condition. (medscape.com)
• Surveillance in Patients with Esophageal Atresia. (columbiasurgery.org)
• In patients with esophageal atresia requiring prolonged placement of an endotracheal or nasogastric tube, a screening imaging study and corrective surgery may be indicated. (thieme-connect.de)
• Patients with tracheoesophageal fistula. (mayo.edu)
• We have seen few advances over the last three decades that have improved historically poor survival outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer," said Professor Antoine Adenis, Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute, France. (merck.com)
• The European Commission's approval of KEYTRUDA plus chemotherapy for the treatment of certain patients with esophageal and HER2-negative GEJ cancer provides a new option in the first-line setting that has shown significant improvements in progression-free and overall survival. (merck.com)
• This study aims to identify the risk factors and reasons for treatment abandonment for patients with esophageal atresia (EA) in a tertiary care hospital in China. (frontiersin.org)

Respiratory2

• Development of the oesophagus seems to be more complex than just the cranio-caudal separation of the foregut into respiratory and oesophageal components. (springeropen.com)
• Probably, the middle oesophagus not only separates from the respiratory tract but also fuses with the proximal oesophagus to complete formation of the oesophageal tube. (springeropen.com)

Defects1

• This structure can be applied to full-thickness circumferential esophageal defects and esophageal regeneration. (nature.com)

Proximal1

• Type C-proximal oesophageal atresia and distal tracheo-oesophageal fistula-is the most common. (springeropen.com)

Abnormal connection1

• A fistula, from the Latin meaning 'a pipe', is an abnormal connection running either between two tubes or between a tube and a surface. (wikipedia.org)

Surgery4

• affected babies generally require surgery to correct the malformation in order to allow feeding and prevent lung damage from repeated exposure to esophageal fluids. (medlineplus.gov)
• The surgery team will need to open the area to stretch it, using a procedure called esophageal dilation. (utah.edu)
• Open esophageal surgery has long been associated with significant morbidity and pain. (sls.org)
• Laparoscopic esophageal surgery has evolved to allow significantly faster recovery times with less morbidity and mortality in qualified hands. (sls.org)

Severe1

• Introduction: Atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is a severe complication of left atrial ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. (researchgate.net)

Aberrant8

• In most cases, the atretic (blind-ending) esophagus has an aberrant fistula to the trachea (TEF). (unboundmedicine.com)
• 3 Millar A, Rostom A, Rasuli P, Saloojee N. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to an aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: a case report and review of the literature. (thieme-connect.de)
• Arterio-esophageal communication from a ruptured aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm. (thieme-connect.de)
• Survival after aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: case report and literature review. (thieme-connect.de)
• A case of an aberrant subclavian artery-esophageal fistula due to prolonged nasogastric intubation [in Japanese]. (thieme-connect.de)
• 9 Belkin RI, Keller FS, Everts EC, Rösch J. Aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: a cause of overwhelming upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. (thieme-connect.de)
• 10 Buades Reynes J, Aguirre Errasti C, Bilbao Ercoreca FJ, Oñate Landa A. Letter: Aneurysm of aberrant right subclavian artery with esophageal perforation. (thieme-connect.de)
• Aberrant right subclavian arterioesophageal fistula: endovascular occlusion via a transbrachial approach. (thieme-connect.de)

Oesophagus1

• A small blue probe identifies a fistula between the oesophagus and posterior wall of the thoracic descending aorta. (3danatomyseries.com)

Distal esophagus1

• To investigate a potential esophageal injury, methylene blue can be placed into the distal esophagus via nasogastric tube, or an intraoperative upper endoscopy with air insufflation with the esophagus underwater can be performed. (sls.org)

Gastrointestinal3

• An autopsy demonstrated an ARSA-esophageal fistula and no other source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. (thieme-connect.de)
• Merck is continuing to study KEYTRUDA across multiple settings and stages of gastrointestinal cancer through its broad clinical program, including studies in esophageal, gastric, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, colorectal and anal cancers. (merck.com)
• Importancia del tracto gastrointestinal en la diabetes de tipo 2. (bvsalud.org)

Surgical3

• Subsequent to that child's survival and with advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques, esophageal atresia is now regarded as an eminently correctable congenital lesion. (medscape.com)
• 1,3 Surgical treatment, which consists of excision of the fistula with closure of the abnormal openings, has a high rate of success. (appliedradiology.com)
• 1,8 Alternative treatments include either surgical stapling or applying acetic acid and sodium hydroxide to both ends of the fistula. (appliedradiology.com)

Reconstruction1

• There are no commercialized off-the-shelf alternatives to current esophageal reconstruction and regeneration methods. (nature.com)

Anomaly2

• We present a first case of ARSA-esophageal fistula in a 20-year-old woman with VATER association in the absence of an esophageal anomaly and review 28 cases of ARSA-esophageal fistula reported in the literature to date. (thieme-connect.de)
• Short description: Esophageal anomaly NEC. (icd9data.com)

Congenital condition1

• Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) is a congenital condition of incomplete formation of the esophagus. (unboundmedicine.com)

Occurs4

• Pure TEF without EA occurs in 3-4% ("H type fistula", Gross type E). (unboundmedicine.com)
• Esophageal atresia that occurs in families has been reported. (medscape.com)
• Thermal injury is the proposed mechanism, and a potential pathway occurs through exceeding the lethal isotherm of esophageal tissue in contact with the left atrial posterior wall. (researchgate.net)
• Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. (bvsalud.org)