Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).
A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Use of a balloon CATHETER to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.
Control of bleeding performed through the channel of the endoscope. Techniques include use of lasers, heater probes, bipolar electrocoagulation, and local injection. Endoscopic hemostasis is commonly used to treat bleeding esophageal and gastrointestinal varices and ulcers.
Substances used to cause adherence of tissue to tissue or tissue to non-tissue surfaces, as for prostheses.
A group of compounds having the general formula CH2=C(CN)-COOR; it polymerizes on contact with moisture; used as tissue adhesive; higher homologs have hemostatic and antibacterial properties.
Treatment of varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage by injection or infusion of chemical agents which cause localized thrombosis and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels.
Vein formed by the union (at the hilus of the spleen) of several small veins from the stomach, pancreas, spleen and mesentery.
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.
Examination of the portal circulation by the use of X-ray films after injection of radiopaque material.
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older "coffee-ground" in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Chemical agents injected into blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses to shrink or cause localized THROMBOSIS; FIBROSIS, and obliteration of the vessels. This treatment is applied in a number of conditions such as VARICOSE VEINS; HEMORRHOIDS; GASTRIC VARICES; ESOPHAGEAL VARICES; PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.
Surgical venous shunt between the portal and systemic circulation to effect decompression of the portal circulation. It is performed primarily in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension. Types of shunt include portacaval, splenorenal, mesocaval, splenocaval, left gastric-caval (coronary-caval), portarenal, umbilicorenal, and umbilicocaval.
A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.
Ethyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.
A type of surgical portasystemic shunt to reduce portal hypertension with associated complications of esophageal varices and ascites. It is performed percutaneously through the jugular vein and involves the creation of an intrahepatic shunt between the hepatic vein and portal vein. The channel is maintained by a metallic stent. The procedure can be performed in patients who have failed sclerotherapy and is an additional option to the surgical techniques of portocaval, mesocaval, and splenorenal shunts. It takes one to three hours to perform. (JAMA 1995;273(23):1824-30)
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.
Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.
Enlargement of the spleen.
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.
Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the esophagus.

Management and outcome of patients undergoing surgery after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Steering Group for the National Audit of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage. (1/668)

Most patients with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage are managed conservatively or with endoscopic intervention but some ultimately require surgery to arrest the haemorrhage. We have conducted a population-based multicentre prospective observational study of management and outcomes. This paper concerns the subgroup of 307 patients who had an operation because of continued or recurrent haemorrhage or high risk of further bleeding. The principal diagnostic group was those with peptic ulcer. Of 2071 patients with peptic ulcer presenting with acute haemorrhage, 251 (12%) had an operative intervention with a mortality of 24%. In the non-operative group mortality was 10%. The operative intervention rate increased with risk score, ranging from 0% in the lowest risk categories to 38% in the highest. Much of the discrepancy between operative and non-operative mortality was explainable by case mix; however, for high-risk cases mortality was significantly higher in the operated group. In 78% of patients who underwent an operation for bleeding peptic ulcer there had been no previous attempt at endoscopic haemostasis. For patients admitted to surgical units, the operative intervention rate was about four times higher than for those admitted under medical teams. In patients with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage operative intervention is infrequent and largely confined to the highest-risk patients. The continuing high mortality in surgically treated patients is therefore to be expected. The reasons for the low use of endoscopic treatment before surgery are not revealed by this study, but wider use of such treatments might further reduce the operative intervention rate. Physicians and surgeons have not yet reached consensus on who needs surgery and when.  (+info)

Comparison of endoscopic ligation and propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding. (2/668)

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We compared propranolol therapy and endoscopic ligation for the primary prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices. This prospective, controlled trial included consecutive eligible patients who had large varices (>5 mm in diameter) that were at high risk for bleeding. The patients were assigned to either propranolol therapy, at a dose sufficient to decrease the base-line heart rate by 25 percent, or variceal ligation, to be performed weekly until the varices were obliterated or so reduced in size that it was not possible to continue treatment. RESULTS: Of the 89 patients, 82 of whom had cirrhosis of the liver, 44 received propranolol and 45 underwent variceal ligation. The mean (+/-SD) duration of follow-up in each group was 14+/-9 and 13+/-10 months, respectively. The mean time required to achieve an adequate reduction in the heart rate was 2.5+/-1.7 days; the mean number of sessions needed to complete variceal ligation was 3.2+/-1.1. After 18 months, the actuarial probability of bleeding was 43 percent in the propranolol group and 15 percent in the ligation group (P=0.04). Twelve patients in the propranolol group and four in the ligation group had bleeding. Three of the four in the ligation group had bleeding before their varices had been obliterated. Nine patients in the ligation group had recurrent varices, a mean of 3.7 months after the initial treatment. Five patients in each group died; bleeding from the varices was the cause of death of four patients in the propranolol group and of three in the ligation group. There were no serious complications of variceal ligation; in the propranolol group, treatment was stopped in two patients because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with high-risk esophageal varices, endoscopic ligation of the varices is safe and more effective than propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding.  (+info)

Thrombelastographic changes and early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding. (3/668)

BACKGROUND: Routine coagulation tests do not necessarily reflect haemostasis in vivo in cirrhotic patients, particularly those who have bleeding varices. Thrombelastography (TEG) can provide a global assessment of haemostatic function from initial clot formation to clot dissolution. AIM: To evaluate TEG changes in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding and their association with early rebleeding. PATIENTS/METHODS: Twenty cirrhotic patients with active variceal bleeding had serial TEG and routine coagulation tests daily for seven days. The TEG variables before the day of rebleeding (n = 6) were compared with those of patients without rebleeding (n = 14). RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the rebleeding and non-rebleeding groups were comparable apart from a higher incidence of uncontrolled infection on the day of rebleeding in the rebleeding group (p = 0.007). The patients in the rebleeding group were more hypocoagulable before the day of rebleeding as shown by longer r (42 v 24 mm, p < 0.001) and k (48 v 13 mm, p < 0.001) and smaller a (12 v 38 degrees, p < 0.001) compared with the mean of daily results of the non-rebleeding group. Routine coagulation tests, however, showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of serial TEG measurements suggest that hypocoagulability may be associated with early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients.  (+info)

Do alterations in the rate of gastric emptying after injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices play any role in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy? (4/668)

Bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) has been estimated to account for up to 30% of all upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Although portal hypertension seems to be an essential prerequisite, the precise mechanisms responsible for the development of PHG are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the role of injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices in the development of PHG. Gastric emptying was studied using a radionuclide test meal with the emptying characteristics of a slow liquid in 57 patients with cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension (median age 53 yrs), of whom 34 had received injection sclerotherapy for their oesophageal varices and 20 normal healthy volunteers (median age 42 yrs). As vagal damage is associated with more rapid emptying of liquids, despite hold up of solids, this technique might be expected to demonstrate such damage if gastric emptying was accelerated. The results indicated that there was no difference in the rate of gastric emptying between normal healthy volunteers and portal hypertensive patients. However, patients who had received injection sclerotherapy emptied their stomachs faster than those who had not (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the speed of gastric emptying correlated directly with the number of injections (r = 0.41; p = 0.02) and the volume of sclerosant injected (r = 0.39; p = 0.03). These observations suggest that injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices results in disturbances of gastric emptying that may contribute to the pathogenesis of portal hypertensive gastropathy.  (+info)

Endoscopic management of bleeding ectopic varices with histoacryl. (5/668)

Bleeding from antral and duodenal varices is an uncommon feature in patients with portal hypertension. We report a patient with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis, who had a massive bleed from antral and duodenal varices. Bleeding was controlled with endoscopic injection of varices using histoacryl. Endoscopic treatment and the relatively uncommon occurrence of antral and duodenal varices are highlighted.  (+info)

Familial occurrence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: a report on three families. (6/668)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is a histological lesion usually associated with systemic diseases, haematological malignancies, or drugs. Its prognosis depends on portal hypertension, which usually is well tolerated and requires medical management only. PATIENTS: Three unrelated families, in which two sibling adult male patients presented with nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, were studied. METHODS: Complete clinical charts and liver biopsy specimens were available for all patients. In addition, explanted livers were available for examination for the two transplanted patients. RESULTS: There was no evidence of any of the various clinical situations known to be associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Portal hypertension was severe, requiring surgical treatment in two cases. Renal lesions were present in three patients. In two patients, progressive evolution to liver atrophy and hepatic failure, associated with renal failure, led to combined liver and renal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the existence of familial cases of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, occurring without underlying or associated systemic disease, characterised by a poor clinical course and often associated with progressive renal failure.  (+info)

Intractable oesophageal variceal bleeding caused by splenic arteriovenous fistula: treatment by transcatheter arterial embolization. (7/668)

We describe a rare case of splenic arteriovenous fistula and venous aneurysm which developed after splenectomy in a 40-year-old woman who presented with epigastralgia, watery diarrhoea, repeated haematemesis and melaena caused by hyperkinetic status of the portal system and bleeding of oesophageal varices. It was diagnosed by computed tomography and angiography, and obliterated with giant Gianturco steel coils.  (+info)

Results of a modified sugiura's devascularisation in the management of "unshuntable" portal hypertension. (8/668)

The results of a modified Sugiura devascularisation procedure were assessed in 14 patients with thrombosis of the portal and splenic vein requiring surgery for variceal hemorrhage, with no vein suitable for orthodox shunt surgery. The venous anatomy was determined by ultrasonography with Doppler studies and portovenography. Liver biochemistry as well as liver architecture on histopathology was normal in all. The surgery was elective in 9 cases for documented bleed from diffuse fundal gastric varices (FGV) and emergency in 5 cases, 3 having bleeding FGV and 2 for failure of emergency esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. All were subjected to a transabdominal extensive devascularisation of the upper two third of the stomach and lower 7-10cm of the esophagus. Stapled esophageal transection (n = 11) or esophageal variceal underrunning (n = 1) was performed in all with esophageal varices. FGV were underrun. Follow up endoscopies were done six monthly. There were 9 males and 5 females with a mean age of 17.2 years (SD 12.8). There was no operative mortality. Acute variceal bleeding was controlled in all patients. Over a mean follow up of 38 months, all but one remain free of recurrent bleeding. We conclude that a modified Sugiura devascularisation procedure is effective in the immediate and medium term control of variceal bleeding in patients with "unshuntable" portal hypertension.  (+info)

Esophageal varices and gastric varices are abnormal, enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach) and in the stomach lining, respectively. They occur as a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, which is the large blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This condition is known as portal hypertension.

Esophageal varices are more common than gastric varices and tend to be more symptomatic. They can cause bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Gastric varices may also bleed, but they are often asymptomatic until they rupture.

The most common causes of esophageal and gastric varices are cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and portal hypertension due to other liver diseases such as schistosomiasis or Budd-Chiari syndrome. Treatment options for esophageal and gastric varices include medications to reduce bleeding, endoscopic therapies to treat active bleeding or prevent recurrent bleeding, and surgical procedures to relieve portal hypertension.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Enbucrilate" is not a medical term or a medication that I am aware of. It's possible that there might be some misunderstanding or misspelling in the term. If you have more context or information about where this term came from, I may be able to provide a more accurate and helpful response.

However, if you are referring to "bucrilate" which is a type of polymer used in some medical applications such as wound dressings, then it is a substance that can absorb large amounts of water and create a gel-like barrier between the wound and the outside environment, helping to keep the wound moist and promote healing.

If you have any further questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to ask.

Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.

GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.

Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.

The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Balloon occlusion is a medical procedure that involves the use of a small, deflated balloon at the end of a catheter, which can be inserted into a blood vessel or other tubular structure in the body. Once the balloon is in position, it is inflated with a fluid or gas to create a blockage or obstruction in the vessel. This can be used for various medical purposes, such as:

1. Controlling bleeding: By inflating the balloon in a blood vessel, doctors can temporarily stop the flow of blood to a specific area, allowing them to treat injuries or abnormalities that are causing excessive bleeding.
2. Vessel narrowing or blockage assessment: Balloon occlusion can be used to assess the severity of narrowing or blockages in blood vessels. By inflating the balloon and measuring the pressure differences upstream and downstream, doctors can determine the extent of the obstruction and plan appropriate treatment.
3. Embolization therapy: In some cases, balloon occlusion is used to deliver embolic agents (such as coils, particles, or glue) that block off blood flow to specific areas. This can be useful in treating conditions like tumors, arteriovenous malformations, or aneurysms.
4. Temporary vessel occlusion during surgery: During certain surgical procedures, it may be necessary to temporarily stop the flow of blood to a specific area. Balloon occlusion can be used to achieve this quickly and safely.
5. Assisting in the placement of stents or other devices: Balloon occlusion can help position and deploy stents or other medical devices by providing temporary support or blocking off blood flow during the procedure.

It is important to note that balloon occlusion procedures carry potential risks, such as vessel injury, infection, or embolism (the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign material). These risks should be carefully weighed against the benefits when considering this type of treatment.

Hemostasis, in general, refers to the process of stopping bleeding or hemorrhage, either naturally or through medical intervention. In the context of endoscopy, endoscopic hemostasis is the use of endoscopic techniques and devices to control gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Endoscopes are flexible tubes with a light and camera at the tip, which are inserted into the body to visualize internal organs. In the case of GI endoscopy, the endoscope is inserted through the mouth or rectum to examine the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, or rectum.

Endoscopic hemostasis techniques can be broadly categorized into two types:
- Mechanical methods: These involve the use of devices that physically occlude or constrict blood vessels to stop bleeding. Examples include hemoclips, which are metal clips that are deployed through the endoscope to grasp and compress a bleeding vessel, and band ligation, where a rubber band is used to strangulate a bleeding vessel.
- Thermal methods: These use heat to coagulate (seal) blood vessels and stop bleeding. Examples include monopolar and bipolar electrocoagulation, argon plasma coagulation, and laser coagulation.

Endoscopic hemostasis is an important tool in the management of acute GI bleeding, as well as prevention of rebleeding in patients with chronic or recurrent GI bleeding.

Tissue adhesives, also known as surgical glues or tissue sealants, are medical devices used to approximate and hold together tissues or wounds in place of traditional sutures or staples. They work by creating a bond between the tissue surfaces, helping to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection. Tissue adhesives can be synthetic or biologically derived and are often used in various surgical procedures, including ophthalmic, dermatological, and pediatric surgeries. Some common types of tissue adhesives include cyanoacrylate-based glues, fibrin sealants, and collagen-based sealants.

Cyanoacrylates are a type of fast-acting adhesive that polymerize in the presence of moisture. They are commonly used in medical settings as tissue adhesives or surgical glues to close wounds and promote healing. The most well-known cyanoacrylate is probably "super glue," which is not intended for medical use.

In a medical context, cyanoacrylates are often used as an alternative to sutures or staples to close minor cuts and wounds. They can also be used in certain surgical procedures to help stop bleeding and hold tissue together while it heals. The adhesive forms a strong bond that helps to keep the wound closed and reduce the risk of infection.

It's important to note that cyanoacrylates should only be used under the direction of a healthcare professional, as improper use can lead to skin irritation or other complications. Additionally, cyanoacrylates are not suitable for all types of wounds, so it's important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully when using these products.

Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins. It involves the injection of a solution (called a sclerosant) directly into the affected vein, which causes the vein to collapse and eventually fade away. The sclerosant works by irritating the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and stick together, which then leads to clotting and the eventual reabsorption of the vein by the body.

The procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office or outpatient setting and may require multiple sessions depending on the severity and number of veins being treated. Common side effects include bruising, swelling, and discomfort at the injection site, as well as the possibility of developing brownish pigmentation or small ulcers near the treatment area. However, these side effects are usually temporary and resolve on their own within a few weeks.

Sclerotherapy is considered a safe and effective treatment for varicose veins and spider veins, with high success rates and low complication rates. It is important to note that while sclerotherapy can improve the appearance of affected veins, it does not prevent new veins from developing in the future.

The splenic vein is a large, thin-walled vein that carries oxygenated blood from the spleen and pancreas to the liver. It is formed by the union of several smaller veins that drain the upper part of the stomach, the pancreas, and the left side of the colon (splenic flexure). The splenic vein runs along the top border of the pancreas and merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. This venous system allows for the filtration and detoxification of blood by the liver before it is distributed to the rest of the body.

Melena is a medical term that refers to the passage of black, tarry stools. It's not a specific disease but rather a symptom caused by the presence of digested blood in the gastrointestinal tract. The dark color results from the breakdown of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells, by gut bacteria and stomach acids.

Melena stools are often associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can occur due to various reasons such as gastric ulcers, esophageal varices (dilated veins in the esophagus), Mallory-Weiss tears (tears in the lining of the esophagus or stomach), or tumors.

It is essential to differentiate melena from hematochezia, which refers to the passage of bright red blood in the stool, typically indicating lower gastrointestinal bleeding. A healthcare professional should evaluate any concerns related to changes in bowel movements, including the presence of melena or hematochezia.

Portal hypertension is a medical condition characterized by an increased pressure in the portal vein, which is the large blood vessel that carries blood from the intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the liver. Normal portal venous pressure is approximately 5-10 mmHg. Portal hypertension is defined as a portal venous pressure greater than 10 mmHg.

The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis of the liver, which leads to scarring and narrowing of the small blood vessels in the liver, resulting in increased resistance to blood flow. Other causes include blood clots in the portal vein, inflammation of the liver or bile ducts, and invasive tumors that block the flow of blood through the liver.

Portal hypertension can lead to a number of complications, including the development of abnormal blood vessels (varices) in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, which are prone to bleeding. Ascites, or the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is another common complication of portal hypertension. Other potential complications include encephalopathy, which is a condition characterized by confusion, disorientation, and other neurological symptoms, and an increased risk of bacterial infections.

Treatment of portal hypertension depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Medications to reduce pressure in the portal vein, such as beta blockers or nitrates, may be used. Endoscopic procedures to band or inject varices can help prevent bleeding. In severe cases, surgery or liver transplantation may be necessary.

Portography is a medical term that refers to an X-ray examination of the portal vein, which is the large blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. In this procedure, a contrast dye is injected into the patient's veins, and then X-rays are taken to visualize the flow of the dye through the portal vein and its branches. This test can help diagnose various conditions that affect the liver and surrounding organs, such as cirrhosis, tumors, or blood clots in the portal vein. It is also known as a portovenogram or hepatic venography.

Hematemesis is the medical term for vomiting blood. It can range in appearance from bright red blood to dark, coffee-ground material that results from the stomach acid digesting the blood. Hematemesis is often a sign of a serious condition, such as bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, and requires immediate medical attention. The underlying cause can be various, including gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, or tumors.

Sclerosing solutions are medications or substances that are used to intentionally cause the scarring and hardening (sclerosis) of tissue, usually in the context of treating various medical conditions. These solutions work by irritating the interior lining of blood vessels or other targeted tissues, leading to the formation of a fibrous scar and the eventual closure of the affected area.

One common use of sclerosing solutions is in the treatment of abnormal veins, such as varicose veins or spider veins. A solution like sodium tetradecyl sulfate or polidocanol is injected directly into the problematic vein, causing inflammation and eventual closure of the vein. The body then gradually absorbs the closed vein, reducing its appearance and associated symptoms.

Other medical applications for sclerosing solutions include the treatment of lymphatic malformations, hydroceles, and certain types of tumors or cysts. It is essential to administer these substances under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional, as improper use can lead to complications such as infection, tissue damage, or embolism.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.

There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:

1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

A portosystemic shunt is a surgical procedure that creates a connection between the portal vein (the blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) and another systemic vein (a vein that carries blood away from the liver). This procedure is typically performed in animals, particularly dogs, to treat conditions such as portal hypertension or liver disease.

In a surgical portosystemic shunt, the surgeon creates a connection between the portal vein and a systemic vein, allowing blood from the digestive organs to bypass the liver. This can help to reduce the pressure in the portal vein and improve blood flow to the liver. The specific type of shunt created and the surgical approach used may vary depending on the individual patient's needs and the surgeon's preference.

It is important to note that while a surgical portosystemic shunt can be an effective treatment for certain conditions, it is not without risks and potential complications. As with any surgical procedure, there is always a risk of infection, bleeding, or other complications. Additionally, the creation of a portosystemic shunt can have long-term effects on the liver and overall health of the patient. It is important for pet owners to carefully consider the risks and benefits of this procedure and to discuss any questions or concerns they may have with their veterinarian.

Iopamidol is a non-ionic, low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) used in diagnostic imaging procedures such as X-rays, CT scans, and angiography. It is a type of radiocontrast agent that contains iodine atoms, which absorb X-rays and make the internal structures of the body visible on X-ray images. Iopamidol has a low osmolarity, which means it has fewer particles per unit volume compared to high-osmolar contrast media (HOCM). This makes it safer and more comfortable for patients as it reduces the risk of adverse reactions such as pain, vasodilation, and kidney damage. Iopamidol is elimated from the body primarily through the kidneys and excreted in the urine.

Ethiodized oil is a type of poppy seed oil that has been chemically treated with iodine. It is a highly dense form of iodine, which is used as a radiocontrast medium for imaging studies, such as X-rays and CT scans. The iodine in the ethiodized oil absorbs the X-rays and makes certain structures in the body more visible on the images. It is typically used to help diagnose conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcers or tumors.

It's important to note that the use of ethiodized oil as a radiocontrast medium has declined in recent years due to the development of newer, safer contrast agents. Additionally, there are potential risks associated with its use, including allergic reactions and kidney damage, so it is typically used only when other options are not available or have been determined to be inappropriate.

The portal vein is the large venous trunk that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver. It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (draining the small intestine and a portion of the large intestine) and the splenic vein (draining the spleen and pancreas). The portal vein then divides into right and left branches within the liver, where the blood flows through the sinusoids and gets enriched with oxygen and nutrients before being drained by the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. This unique arrangement allows the liver to process and detoxify the absorbed nutrients, remove waste products, and regulate metabolic homeostasis.

A Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) is a medical procedure that creates an alternative pathway for blood flow from the portal vein to the hepatic vein within the liver. This shunt is composed of a stent, which is a small metal tube that is inserted into the liver using a long needle that is passed through a vein in the neck (jugular vein).

TIPS is typically used to treat complications of portal hypertension, such as variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic hydrothorax. By creating a shunt that bypasses the liver, TIPS reduces the pressure in the portal vein, which can help to alleviate these symptoms. However, because the shunt allows blood to bypass the liver, it can also impair liver function and lead to other complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy.

It is important to note that TIPS is a complex procedure that should only be performed by experienced interventional radiologists in a hospital setting with appropriate medical backup and monitoring capabilities.

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with scarred (fibrotic) tissue, leading to loss of function. The scarring is caused by long-term damage from various sources such as hepatitis, alcohol abuse, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other causes. As the disease advances, it can lead to complications like portal hypertension, fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites), impaired brain function (hepatic encephalopathy), and increased risk of liver cancer. It is generally irreversible, but early detection and treatment of underlying causes may help slow down its progression.

Varicose veins are defined as enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins often appearing blue or dark purple, which usually occur in the legs. They are caused by weakened valves and vein walls that can't effectively push blood back toward the heart. This results in a buildup of blood, causing the veins to bulge and become varicose.

The condition is generally harmless but may cause symptoms like aching, burning, muscle cramp, or a feeling of heaviness in the legs. In some cases, varicose veins can lead to more serious problems, such as skin ulcers, blood clots, or chronic venous insufficiency. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and medical procedures like sclerotherapy, laser surgery, or endovenous ablation.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Gastroscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a gastroscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end, through the mouth and into the digestive tract. The gastroscope allows the doctor to visually examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors.

The procedure is usually performed under sedation to minimize discomfort, and it typically takes only a few minutes to complete. Gastroscopy can help diagnose various conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, stomach ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus. It can also be used to take tissue samples for biopsy or to treat certain conditions, such as bleeding or the removal of polyps.

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk, which arises from the abdominal aorta. It supplies blood to the spleen and several other organs in the upper left part of the abdomen. The splenic artery divides into several branches that ultimately form a network of capillaries within the spleen. These capillaries converge to form the main venous outflow, the splenic vein, which drains into the hepatic portal vein.

The splenic artery is a vital structure in the human body, and any damage or blockage can lead to serious complications, including splenic infarction (reduced blood flow to the spleen) or splenic rupture (a surgical emergency that can be life-threatening).

An injection is a medical procedure in which a medication, vaccine, or other substance is introduced into the body using a needle and syringe. The substance can be delivered into various parts of the body, including into a vein (intravenous), muscle (intramuscular), under the skin (subcutaneous), or into the spinal canal (intrathecal or spinal).

Injections are commonly used to administer medications that cannot be taken orally, have poor oral bioavailability, need to reach the site of action quickly, or require direct delivery to a specific organ or tissue. They can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as drawing blood samples (venipuncture) or injecting contrast agents for imaging studies.

Proper technique and sterile conditions are essential when administering injections to prevent infection, pain, and other complications. The choice of injection site depends on the type and volume of the substance being administered, as well as the patient's age, health status, and personal preferences.

Splenomegaly is a medical term that refers to an enlargement or expansion of the spleen beyond its normal size. The spleen is a vital organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, behind the stomach and below the diaphragm. It plays a crucial role in filtering the blood, fighting infections, and storing red and white blood cells and platelets.

Splenomegaly can occur due to various underlying medical conditions, including infections, liver diseases, blood disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. The enlarged spleen may put pressure on surrounding organs, causing discomfort or pain in the abdomen, and it may also lead to a decrease in red and white blood cells and platelets, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.

The diagnosis of splenomegaly typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or other interventions to manage the underlying condition.

Therapeutic embolization is a medical procedure that involves intentionally blocking or obstructing blood vessels to stop excessive bleeding or block the flow of blood to a tumor or abnormal tissue. This is typically accomplished by injecting small particles, such as microspheres or coils, into the targeted blood vessel through a catheter, which is inserted into a larger blood vessel and guided to the desired location using imaging techniques like X-ray or CT scanning. The goal of therapeutic embolization is to reduce the size of a tumor, control bleeding, or block off abnormal blood vessels that are causing problems.

Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.

The femoral vein is the large vein that runs through the thigh and carries oxygen-depleted blood from the lower limbs back to the heart. It is located in the femoral triangle, along with the femoral artery and nerve. The femoral vein begins at the knee as the popliteal vein, which then joins with the deep vein of the thigh to form the femoral vein. As it moves up the leg, it is joined by several other veins, including the great saphenous vein, before it becomes the external iliac vein at the inguinal ligament in the groin.

Catheterization is a medical procedure in which a catheter (a flexible tube) is inserted into the body to treat various medical conditions or for diagnostic purposes. The specific definition can vary depending on the area of medicine and the particular procedure being discussed. Here are some common types of catheterization:

1. Urinary catheterization: This involves inserting a catheter through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine. It is often performed to manage urinary retention, monitor urine output in critically ill patients, or assist with surgical procedures.
2. Cardiac catheterization: A procedure where a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or arm, and guided to the heart. This allows for various diagnostic tests and treatments, such as measuring pressures within the heart chambers, assessing blood flow, or performing angioplasty and stenting of narrowed coronary arteries.
3. Central venous catheterization: A catheter is inserted into a large vein, typically in the neck, chest, or groin, to administer medications, fluids, or nutrition, or to monitor central venous pressure.
4. Peritoneal dialysis catheterization: A catheter is placed into the abdominal cavity for individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis, a type of kidney replacement therapy.
5. Neurological catheterization: In some cases, a catheter may be inserted into the cerebrospinal fluid space (lumbar puncture) or the brain's ventricular system (ventriculostomy) to diagnose or treat various neurological conditions.

These are just a few examples of catheterization procedures in medicine. The specific definition and purpose will depend on the medical context and the particular organ or body system involved.

An emergency is a sudden, unexpected situation that requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious harm, permanent disability, or death. Emergencies can include severe injuries, trauma, cardiac arrest, stroke, difficulty breathing, severe allergic reactions, and other life-threatening conditions. In such situations, prompt medical intervention is necessary to stabilize the patient's condition, diagnose the underlying problem, and provide appropriate treatment.

Emergency medical services (EMS) are responsible for providing emergency care to patients outside of a hospital setting, such as in the home, workplace, or public place. EMS personnel include emergency medical technicians (EMTs), paramedics, and other first responders who are trained to assess a patient's condition, provide basic life support, and transport the patient to a hospital for further treatment.

In a hospital setting, an emergency department (ED) is a specialized unit that provides immediate care to patients with acute illnesses or injuries. ED staff includes physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who are trained to handle a wide range of medical emergencies. The ED is equipped with advanced medical technology and resources to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment for critically ill or injured patients.

Overall, the goal of emergency medical care is to stabilize the patient's condition, prevent further harm, and provide timely and effective treatment to improve outcomes and save lives.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Indwelling catheters, also known as Foley catheters, are medical devices that are inserted into the bladder to drain urine. They have a small balloon at the tip that is inflated with water once the catheter is in the correct position in the bladder, allowing it to remain in place and continuously drain urine. Indwelling catheters are typically used for patients who are unable to empty their bladders on their own, such as those who are bedridden or have nerve damage that affects bladder function. They are also used during and after certain surgical procedures. Prolonged use of indwelling catheters can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and other complications.

Esophagoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This procedure is typically carried out using an esophagogastroduodenoscope (EGD), a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end.

During the procedure, the EGD is inserted through the mouth and down the throat into the esophagus, allowing the medical professional to examine its lining for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. The procedure may also involve taking tissue samples (biopsies) for further examination and testing.

Esophagoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, and other disorders affecting the esophagus. It may also be used to treat certain conditions, such as removing polyps or foreign objects from the esophagus.

See esophageal, gastric, rectal varices).[citation needed] A TIPS procedure decreases the effective vascular resistance of the ... TIPS is a life-saving procedure in bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices. A randomized study showed that the survival is ... life-threatening esophageal bleeding (esophageal varices) and the buildup of fluid within the abdomen (ascites). An ... Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration Distal splenorenal shunt procedure Gastric antral vascular ectasia Portal ...
Hare, Hugh F.; Silveus, Esther; Ruoff, F. A. (1948-06-01). "Esophageal and Gastric Varices, with Report of a Case". Surgical ... "Esophageal and Gastric Varices, with Report of a Case" (1948, with Hugh F. Hare and F. A. Ruoff) "Roentgenologic Diagnosis of ...
... gastric varices), duodenum (duodenal varices), and rectum (rectal varices). Treatment of these types of varices may differ. In ... leading to esophageal varices. Splenic vein thrombosis is a rare condition that causes esophageal varices without a raised ... People with esophageal varices have a strong tendency to develop severe bleeding which left untreated can be fatal. Esophageal ... Esophageal varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. They are most often a ...
Pressure can be applied to gastric and esophageal varices by balloon inflation and traction. Linton tube, with a large gastric ... and gastric and esophageal aspirates Minnesota four-lumen tube, with esophageal and gastric balloons, and esophageal and ... catheters are intended to stop bleeding such as from vascular structures-including esophageal varices and gastric varices-in ... gastric aspirates. Balloon tamponade is considered a bridge to more definitive treatment modalities, and is usually ...
Initial treatment of bleeding from gastric varices focuses on resuscitation, much as with esophageal varices. This includes ... The Sarin classification of gastric varices identifies four different anatomical types of gastric varices, which differ in ... These evaluations may detect gastric varices that are asymptomatic. When gastric varices are symptomatic, however, they usually ... both of these may worsen the bleeding from gastric varices. In rare cases, gastric varices are caused by splenic vein occlusion ...
Esophagitis, esophageal varices, gastritis, cirrhosis or gastric ulcers for example, may bleed and produce coffee-ground ... gastric ulcer or Dieulafoy's lesion, or esophageal varices. This condition may be a medical emergency and urgent care may be ... Gastric ulcers caused by NSAID use can be treated with NSAID cessation, or a proton pump inhibitor if cessation is not possible ... Esophageal bleeding is predominantly caused by gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). PPI medications are preferred to H2- ...
Other sites of varices, including esophageal varices, duodenal varices and colonic varices. Gastric varices have also been ... The gastric varices are accessed by endoscopy, which uses a flexible fibre-optic camera to enter the stomach. They are injected ... In gastroenterology, butyl cyanoacrylate is used to treat bleeding gastric varices, which are dilated veins that occur in the ... randomized trial of butyl cyanoacrylate injection versus band ligation in the management of bleeding gastric varices". ...
TC-325 was approved for gastrointestinal bleeding from causes other than gastric or esophageal varices (e.g., nonvariceal ...
... such as bleeding gastric varices or intestinal varices. Mallory-Weiss syndrome: bleeding tears in the esophagal mucosa, usually ... hepatic encephalopathy in esophageal varices patient). This may be achieved with a cuffed endotracheal tube. Octreotide may be ... It may be caused by ulcers, tumors of the stomach or esophagus, varices, prolonged and vigorous retching, gastroenteritis, ... Iatrogenic injury (invasive procedure such as endoscopy or transesophageal echocardiography) Atrio-oesophageal fistula. Yellow ...
Esophageal varices Esophagitis Esophageal cancer Esophageal ulcers Mallory-Weiss tear Gastric causes: Gastric ulcer Gastric ... Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and rarer causes such as ... cancer Gastritis Gastric varices Gastric antral vascular ectasia Dieulafoy's lesions Duodenal causes: Duodenal ulcer Vascular ... gastric cancer. The initial assessment includes measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood tests to ...
... such as esophageal varices and gastric varices. On endoscopic evaluation of the stomach, this condition shows a characteristic ... The New Italian Endoscopic Club for the study and treatment of esophageal varices (NIEC)". Gastroenterology. 119 (1): 181-7. ... have been used to decrease the pressure of the portal vein in patients with esophageal varices, and have been shown to regress ... Gupta R, Sawant P, Parameshwar RV, Lele VR, Kulhalli PM, Mahajani SS (1998). "Gastric mucosal blood flow and hepatic perfusion ...
The AASLD further recommends for people with a cirrhotic NASH to be systematically screened for gastric and esophageal varices ... and gastroesophageal varices. The NICE advises regular screening of NAFLD for advanced liver fibrosis every three years to ...
... is used for bleeding gastric varices. It does not have an esophageal balloon. It is named after Robert William Sengstaken Sr. ( ... The esophageal balloon should not remain inflated for more than six hours, to avoid necrosis. The gastric lumen is used to ... tube so that the gastric balloon will compress the gastroesophageal junction and reduce the blood flow to esophageal varices. ... Sengstaken RW, Blakemore AH (1950). "Balloon tamponage for the control of hemorrhage from esophageal varices". Ann Surg. 131 (5 ...
Control of bleeding esophageal varices by transabdominal esophageal transection, gastric devascularization, and splenectomy. ... Esophageal transection and paraesophagogastric devascularization for bleeding esophageal varices. The American Journal of ... A study of 15 children, aged 2-12 years old who all had multiple episodes of severe esophageal bleeding varices, and a mean ... Belloli G, Campobasso P, and Musi L. Sugiura procedure in the surgical treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in children: ...
... and oesophageal and gastric fundus varices, etc.). Ultrasonography can be used to visualize pancreatic pseudocysts or aneurysm ...
... of cases Esophageal varices and gastric varices result from collateral circulation in the esophagus and stomach (a process ... If esophageal varices are found, prophylactic local therapy may be applied such as sclerotherapy or banding, and beta blockers ... Meseeha M, Attia M (2022). "Esophageal Varices". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 28846255. ... bleeding from esophageal varices or dehydration. It may take the form of any of the complications of cirrhosis listed below. ...
"Esophageal varices: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com. 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2012-01-31. Gastric Cancer at eMedicine Davis, Matthew; ... Diverticulosis Salmonellosis Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Peptic ulcer disease Esophageal varices Gastric cancer ... rectal varices or other lesions and in certain instances upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may be required as well to look for ...
... esophageal and gastric varices MeSH C06.405.117.260 - esophageal atresia MeSH C06.405.117.316 - esophageal cyst MeSH C06.405. ... esophageal and gastric varices MeSH C06.552.597.517 - liver abscess, amebic MeSH C06.552.597.758 - liver abscess, pyogenic MeSH ... gastric antral vascular ectasia MeSH C06.405.748.300 - gastric dilatation MeSH C06.405.748.340 - gastric outlet obstruction ... esophageal motility disorders MeSH C06.405.117.119.500.204 - crest syndrome MeSH C06.405.117.119.500.432 - esophageal achalasia ...
Screening for esophageal varices is recommended in the second trimester, especially in those not on beta blocker prophylaxis. ... gastric and rectal varices. Obstruction also causes centrilobular necrosis and peripheral lobule fatty change due to ischemia. ... A beta-blocker is indicated for prophylaxis against esophageal variceal bleeding and as needed diuretics can be used in cases ... fluid with the formation of ascites in the abdomen and collateral venous flow through alternative veins leading to esophageal, ...
... esophageal varices) and stomach (gastric varices) and severe fluid retention in the abdomen (ascites). Severity of periodontal ...
BRTO is used for the treatment of bleeding from gastric varices. In addition to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( ... which may worsen esophageal varices or ascites. BRTO was developed as a procedure in the early 1990s. Initially, the procedure ... Saad, Wael (June 2012). "Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices: Concept, Basic Techniques, ... BRTO is a first line treatment for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from gastric varices (GOV2 or IGV1). BRTO may be used ...
... development of esophageal and paraesophageal varices is possible. Portacaval anastomosis Right gastric vein This article ... The left gastric vein runs from right to left along the lesser curvature of the stomach. It passes to the esophageal opening of ... The esophageal branch of the left gastric vein drains into the azygos vein. In cases of portal hypertension, this communication ... The left gastric vein (or coronary vein) is a vein that derives from tributaries draining the lesser curvature of the stomach. ...
... may refer to: Esophageal varices, dilated sub-mucosal veins in esophagus Gastric varices, dilated ... submucosal veins in the stomach This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gastroesophageal varices. If ...
... also known as oesophageal varicose Gastric varices, commonly stemming from cirrhosis of the liver Intestinal varices Scrotal ... varices Vulvar varices Pelvic varices Vesical varices, varicose veins associated with the urinary bladder Rectal varices, which ... large tortuous veins usually found on legs Sublingual varices Esophageal varices, commonly stemming from cirrhosis of the liver ... A varix (PL: varices) is an abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course. Varices usually occur in the venous system, but ...
In the abdomen, some drain to the left gastric vein which drains into the portal vein. Esophageal varices This article ... The esophageal veins drain blood from the esophagus to the azygos vein, in the thorax, and to the inferior thyroid vein in the ...
Oesophageal varices have been treated by band ligation since the late 1980s. Expandable mesh stents can be deployed in the ... This technique is favoured over band ligation because the position of the varices in the stomach, most often in the gastric ... Injection sclerotherapy has been used to treat oesophageal varices since the 1960s. A sheathed needle is passed through a ... Hunt, P S; Johnston, G W; Rodgers, H W (7 December 2005). "The emergency management of bleeding oesophageal varices with ...
If other measures are not effective, an esophageal balloon may be attempted in those with presumed esophageal varices. ... gastric or duodenal ulcers). Esophageal inflammation and erosive disease are the next most common causes. In those with liver ... In those with esophageal varices, bleeding occurs in about 5-15% a year and if they have bled once, there is a higher risk of ... Causes of upper GI bleeds include: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis and cancer, among others. ...
Photothermal effect: this property is used for endoscopic control of bleeding e.g. Bleeding peptic ulcers, oesophageal varices ... Lasers can be effectively used to treat early gastric cancers provided they are less than 4 cm and without lymph node ... Peptic ulcer disease and oesophageal varices - Laser photoablation is done. Coagulation of vascular malformations of stomach, ... Palliative laser therapy is given in advanced oesophageal cancers with obstruction of lumen. Recanalisation of the lumen is ...
It consists of a gastric balloon, an esophageal balloon, and a gastric suction port. The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was invented ... of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding from esophageal varices which are distended veins in the esophageal wall, ...
... esophageal varices, esophageal hiatal hernia, esophageal leiomyoma, esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer, etc. Stomach and ... duodenum: chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, benign gastric tumor, gastric cancer, duodenal ulcer, duodenal tumor. Small ... And a wireless oesophageal pH measuring devices can now be placed endoscopically, to record ph trends in an area remotely. ... "Esophageal pH Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-30. "Overview of Endoscopy Haptics Simulator ...
See esophageal, gastric, rectal varices).[citation needed] A TIPS procedure decreases the effective vascular resistance of the ... TIPS is a life-saving procedure in bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices. A randomized study showed that the survival is ... life-threatening esophageal bleeding (esophageal varices) and the buildup of fluid within the abdomen (ascites). An ... Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration Distal splenorenal shunt procedure Gastric antral vascular ectasia Portal ...
Esophageal and Gastric Varices / therapy * Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / therapy * Humans * Hypertension, Portal / etiology ...
4] estrogen therapy, esophageal and gastric varices, [3] and thyrotoxicosis should be considered. The name stems from its ...
Esophageal and Gastric Varices / etiology * Esophageal and Gastric Varices / therapy * Expert Testimony ...
Gastro-esophageal reflux. *Esophageal gastric varices bleeding prophylaxis, erosive esophagitis. *Acid peptic disease resistant ... Treatment with omeprazole may mask the symptoms of other gastric disease. Caution should be exercised in patients with hepatic ... Ampicillin Esters, Iron Salts: omeprazole may interfere with absorption of drugs where gastric pH is an important determinant ... Headache, dizziness, rash, urticaria, pruritus, diarrhea, gastric glandular cysts (on prolonged treatment), cough, upper ...
Although gastric varices tend to bleed less than the esophageal varices, bleeding from gastric varices tends to me more severe ... of patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension can have gastric varices. Unlike esophageal varices, pathophysiology of gastric ... For patients with Gastric Varices they should consult their doctors and see if they would be good candidates for Glue therapy ... The aim of our study was to demonstrate safety and efficacy of use of glue therapy in management of gastric varices in U.S. ...
Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage: Duodenal or gastric ulcers, esophageal varices, acute hemorrhagic gastritis, Mallory-Weiss ... Identification of gastroesophageal varices at autopsy is difficult, and even the most severe esophageal varices may remain ... gastric and esophageal ruptures) as well as with decomposition. The gastric contents should be examined; the identification of ... Acute hemorrhage is seen in numerous conditions include bleeding from esophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss tears of the esophagus ...
platelets , 50 G/L regarding other laboratory parameters, sex, size of varices, presence of additional gastric varices, Child- ... Prediction of esophageal varices in hepatic cirrhosis by noninvasive markers. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol [Internet]. 2011;23: ... size of varices, Child-Pugh score/grade, grade of ascites, number of additional gastric varices and use of NSBB) in Tables 1 ... size of varices, presence of additional gastric varices, presence of red spots and bleeding during examination), clinical ...
... and excluded patients with gastric or esophageal varices with active bleeding in the 6 months prior to enrollment.*The first ... and excluded patients with untreated or incompletely treated esophageal or gastric varices.* The OS was 19.2 months (95% ... Gallbladder Cancer Gastric Cancer Gastrointestinal Cancers Gestational Trophoblastic Disease and Choriocarcinoma Gynecologic ... In choosing first-line therapy, survival data, response rates, bleeding risk (i.e., active varices), and the likelihood of ...
... gastric and rectal varices. Obstruction also causes centrilobular necrosis and peripheral lobule fatty change due to ischemia. ... Screening for esophageal varices is recommended in the second trimester, especially in those not on beta blocker prophylaxis. ... A beta-blocker is indicated for prophylaxis against esophageal variceal bleeding and as needed diuretics can be used in cases ... fluid with the formation of ascites in the abdomen and collateral venous flow through alternative veins leading to esophageal, ...
... they are referred to as esophageal or gastric varices, depending on where they are located. So, portal hypertension and varices ... Accordingly, individuals with large varices are at risk of the varices bursting and bleeding into the gut. It is recommended, ... Therefore, scleroderma can also cause esophageal and intestinal symptoms. Thus, the involvement of the esophageal muscles that ... Bleeding From Varices. In cirrhosis, the scar tissue (fibrosis) and the regenerating nodules of hepatocytes block (obstruct) ...
Hainan Medical Journal (1). Patients with esophageal and gastric varices: 60 exp sf nursing / 60 routine nursing. Prevention of ... Prevention effect of solution-focused nursing on rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. ...
In turn, patients with esophageal or gastric varices, HVPG is usually in the range of CSPH, if not patients should be assessed ... such as ascites or bleeding from gastric or esophageal varices1,2,3. The risk of hepatic decompensation is related to the ... Merkel, C., et al. A placebo-controlled clinical trial of nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in ... In patients with a history of bleeding from esophageal varices, HVPG is usually at least ≥12 mm Hg. Similarly, in patients with ...
Esophageal and gastric varices are at risk for life-threatening bleeding and can have signs and symptoms with vomiting blood ... These can include varices, or enlarged veins, in the esophagus or stomach. Varices can cause vomiting blood or black, tarry ... Varices describe enlarged veins. Blood, meant for the portal system, is diverted to and gathers in other veins as it makes its ... These varices can occur in the esophagus, stomach, around the umbilicus and in the anus and rectum. ...
Endoscopic diagnoses included normal endoscopy, 49% of cases, oesophageal varices, 16%, gastritis/gastric erosions, 7%, hiatus ... Oesophageal varices in a region of the Sudan endemic for Schistosoma mansoni. British journal of surgery, 1991, 78(10):1252-3. ... This is also reflected in the number of those found to have oesophageal varices (16%) and in the number of those needing ... Diagnoses included oesophageal varices (16%), gastritis (7%) and hiatus hernia (6%). Indications for lower GI endoscopy ...
Consequences... read more , such as esophageal and gastric varices and hypersplenism, occur. If the patient presents in ...
They occur elsewhere, too, like there is esophageal varices, gastric varices, intestinal varices and scrotal varices. ...
... esophageal varices (4.5%), and gastric outlet obstruction (2.5%). Instruction in interventional procedures included banding of ... esophageal varices (4.5%), and gastric outlet obstruction (2.5%). Significant findings on colonoscopy included hemorrhoid ... Moreover, tran- of esophageal epithelial cells in immune defense and pathways in the esophageal mucosa of patients with ... esophageal varices, placement of esophageal stents, PEG tubes, and balloon dilation. Significant findings on colonoscopy ...
This might include esophageal or gastric varices (dilated veins), congenital or acquired intestinal telangiectasia (dilation of ... You have/have experienced an intraoperative gastric injury, such as a gastric perforation at or near the location of the ... Directions for Use (DFU). LAP-BAND AP® Adjustable Gastric Banding System with OMNIFORM® Design. Click here for details. ... You are not currently pregnant (patients who become pregnant after their gastric band placement may require adjustments or ...
The main inclusion criterion was the presence of esophageal varices with or without gastric varices. ... isolated gastric varices type I (gastric fundus), or isolated gastric varices type II (gastric-excluding the fundus). ... Data were collected for esophageal varices only at the advanced endoscopy unit. A cohort of patients with esophageal varices ... presentation with esophageal varices. We carried out a retrospective cohort study on 258 patients with esophageal varices at a ...
... esophageal ulceration, esophageal varices, gastric ulcer, gastritis, hernia, benign polyps or nodules, Barretts esophagus, and ... Esomeprazole inhibits gastric acid secretion. Therefore, esomeprazole may interfere with the absorption of drugs where gastric ... 5.1 Concurrent Gastric Malignancy 5.2 Atrophic Gastritis 5.3 Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea 5.4 Interaction with ... for 12 months maintained gastric acid output below the target levels of 10 mEq/h in patients without prior gastric acid- ...
... esophageal ulceration, esophageal varices, gastric ulcer, gastritis, hernia, benign polyps or nodules, Barretts esophagus, and ... Gastric Malignancy: In adults, symptomatic response does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy. Consider additional ... associated gastric ulcer in adults at risk for developing gastric ulcers due to age (60 years and older) and/or documented ... 5.1 Presence of Gastric Malignancy 5.2 Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis 5.3 Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea 5.4 ...
No article was found for Esophageal and Gastric Varices and FGF12[original query]. ...
... of instances presenting with bleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices [url=https://sritalent.com/reports/buy-cheap-asendin- ...
esophageal or gastric varices, or persistent jaundice), cirrhosis, known biliary abnormalities (with the exception of. ...
Abstract: @@ 急性消化道出血是消化系疾病中常见的临床症状,其中肝硬变失代偿导致的食管或胃底静脉曲张(esophageal varices,EV/gastric varices,GV)破裂出血尤为棘手,严重时常危及生命,因此,准确的诊断和对治疗 ... Endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis and therapeutical evaluation of esophageal and gastric varices ( views:0, downloads:0 ) ... evaluation and application in esophageal and gastric varices
About Gastric Varices Treatment. By evdsat October 26, 2018. October 24, 2018. No Comments ... Bleeding Esophageal Varices Treatment. By evdsat October 18, 2018. October 9, 2018. No Comments ... Esophageal Varices Treatment. By evdsat October 24, 2018. October 10, 2018. No Comments ... Esophageal varices are often difficult to be realized on time, and it is tough for the doctor to treat them. As a result, in ...
Gastric varices are less common and usually occur in conjunction with esophageal varices.. Symptoms of esophageal and gastric ... Esophageal and Gastric Varices. Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal ... In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the varices.. Prevention of esophageal and gastric varices involves ... This treatment is applied in a number of conditions such as VARICOSE VEINS; HEMORRHOIDS; GASTRIC VARICES; ESOPHAGEAL VARICES; ...

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