Spiraea
Mentha
New sesquiterpenes from Euonymus europaeus (Celastraceae). (1/14)
A new sesquiterpene evoninate alkaloid (1), and two sesquiterpenes (2, 3) with a dihydro-beta-agarofuran skeleton, along with three known sesquiterpenes (4-6), were isolated from the seeds of Euonymus europaeus. Their structures were elucidated by high resolution mass analysis, and one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR spectroscopy, including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation [correlation spectroscopy (COSY), rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC)] experiments. (+info)Five disulfide bridges stabilize a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from the bark of spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.). (2/14)
A small 45 amino acid residue antifungal polypeptide was isolated from the bark of spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.). Though the primary structure of this so-called E. europaeus chitin-binding protein or Ee-CBP is highly similar to the hevein domain, it distinguishes itself from most previously identified hevein-type antimicrobial peptides (AMP) by the presence of two extra cysteine residues that form an extra disulfide bond. Due to these five disulfide bonds Ee-CBP is a remarkably stable protein. Agar diffusion and microtiterplate assays demonstrated that Ee-CBP is a potent antimicrobial protein. IC(50)-values as low as 1 microg/ml were observed for the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Comparative assays further demonstrated that Ee-CBP is a stronger inhibitor of fungal growth than Ac-AMP2 from Amaranthus caudatus seeds, which is considered one of the most potent antifungal hevein-type plant proteins. (+info)Studies on Galalpha3-binding proteins: comparison of the glycosphingolipid binding specificities of Marasmius oreades lectin and Euonymus europaeus lectin. (3/14)
The carbohydrate binding preferences of the Galalpha3Galbeta4 GlcNAc-binding lectins from Marasmius oreades and Euonymus europaeus were examined by binding to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms and in microtiter wells. The M. oreades lectin bound to Galalpha3-terminated glycosphingolipids with a preference for type 2 chains. The B6 type 2 glycosphingolipid (Galalpha3[Fucalpha2]Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) was preferred over the B5 glycosphingolipid (Galalpha3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), suggesting that the alpha2-linked Fuc is accommodated in the carbohydrate binding site, providing additional interactions. The lectin from E. europaeus had broader binding specificity. The B6 type 2 glycosphingolipid was the best ligand also for this lectin, but binding to the B6 type 1 glycosphingolipid (Galalpha3[Fucalpha2]Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) was also obtained. Furthermore, the H5 type 2 glycosphingolipid (Fucalpha2Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), devoid of a terminal alpha3-linked Gal, was preferred over the the B5 glycosphingolipid, demonstrating a significant contribution to the binding affinity by the alpha2-linked Fuc. The more tolerant nature of the lectin from E. europaeus was also demonstrated by the binding of this lectin, but not the M. oreades lectin, to the x2 glycosphingolipid (GalNAcbeta3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) and GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer. The A6 type 2 glycosphingolipid (GalNAcalpha3[Fucalpha2]Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) and GalNAcalpha3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1-Cer were not recognized by the lectins despite the interaction with B6 type 2 glycosphingolipid and the B5 glycosphingolipid. These observations are explained by the absolute requirement of a free hydroxyl in the 2-position of Galalpha3 and that the E. europaea lectin can accommodate a GlcNAc acetamido moiety close to this position by reorienting the terminal sugar, whereas the M. oreades lectin cannot. (+info)Isolation of a gene encoding a 1,2-diacylglycerol-sn-acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase from developing seeds of Euonymus alatus. (4/14)
1,2-Diacyl-3-acetyl-sn-glycerols (ac-TAG) are unusual triacylglycerols that constitute the major storage lipid in the seeds of Euonymus alatus (Burning Bush). These ac-TAGs have long-chain acyl groups esterified at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of glycerol. Cell-free extracts of developing seeds of E. alatus contain both long-chain acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA sn-1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity. We have isolated a gene from developing seeds of Euonymus alatus that shows a very high sequence similarity to the members of the DGAT1 gene family (i.e. related to acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases). This Euonymus DGAT1 gene, when expressed in wild type yeast, results in a 5-fold enhancement of long-chain triacylglycerol (lc-TAG) accumulation, as well as the appearance of low levels of ac-TAG. Hydrogenated ac-TAG molecular species were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microsomes isolated from this transformed yeast show diacylglycerol:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity, which is about 40-fold higher than that measured in microsomes prepared from yeast transformed with the empty vector or with the Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT1 gene. The specific activity of this microsomal acetyltransferase activity is of the same order of magnitude as the microsomal long-chain DGAT activities measured for yeast lines transformed with the empty vector or either the Arabidopsis or Euonymus DGAT1 genes. Despite this, ac-TAG accumulation in yeast transformed with the Euonymus DGAT1 gene was very low (0.26% of lc-TAG), whereas lc-TAG accumulation was enhanced. Possible reasons for this anomaly are discussed. Expression of the Euonymus DGAT1-like gene in yeast lines where endogenous TAG synthesis has been deleted confirmed that the gene product has both long-chain acyl- and acetyltransferase activity. (+info)Chemical shift assignments of two oleanane triterpenes from Euonymus hederaceus. (5/14)
(1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR assignments of 12-oleanene-3,11-dione (compound 1) were completely described for the first time through conventional 1D NMR and 2D shift-correlated NMR experiments using (1)H-(1)HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC techniques. Based on its NMR data, the assignments of 28-hydroxyolean-12-ene-3,11-dione (compound 2) were partially revised. (+info)Two new sesquiterpene polyesters from the seeds of Euonymus nanoides LOES. (6/14)
Two new beta-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene polyesters, 1S,13-diacetyloxy-4S-hydroxy-6R-(3-)furancarbonyloxy-9S-cinnamoyloxy-beta-dihydro agarofuran (1) and 1S,6R-di(2-)methylbutanoyloxy-4S-hydroxy-8S-benzoyloxy-9R-(3-)furancarbonyloxy-13 -acetyloxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran (2), together with one known compound (3) were isolated from the seeds of Euonymus nanoides LOES. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. Compound 2 showed moderate antitumor activity against BEL-7402, P-388, HL-60 and A-549. (+info)The "old" Euonymus europaeus agglutinin represents a novel family of ubiquitous plant proteins. (7/14)
(+info)Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus IE gene expression by dihydro-beta-agarofuran sesquiterpenes isolated from Euonymus species. (8/14)
The development of strategies intended to inhibit human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early (IE) antigen expression is an important goal in research designed to prevent and treat certain forms of cancer. The aim of this study was to identify potent IE antigen-targeting natural compounds as antitumor promoters in an in vitro model of tumor promotion. Nineteen dihydro-beta-agarofuran sesquiterpenes isolated from Euonymus species were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HCMV IE antigen expression in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Five esters of penta- and hexahydroxydihydro-beta-agarofuran proved to be active components in these Euonymus species, inhibiting the IE antigen expression of HCMV. The highest activity was displayed by 2beta,6alpha,15-triacetoxy1beta-benzoyloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxydihydro-beta-agaro furan. These effective compounds may be regarded as prototypes of antitumor promoters, as secondary chemopreventive agents which can modify or halt tumor promotion in general. (+info)'Euonymus' is a term that refers to a genus of flowering plants, also known as spindle trees or shrubs. It is not a medical term and does not have a specific medical definition. The plants in this genus are often used in landscaping and gardening due to their attractive foliage and flowers. Some species of Euonymus contain a toxic compound called grayanotoxin, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness if ingested. However, these plants are not commonly associated with medical conditions or treatments.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Spiraea" is not a medical term. It is the name of a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. These plants are often used in ornamental gardening and have various medicinal uses in traditional herbalism. However, it does not have a specific medical definition.
"Mentha" is a genus name in botanical taxonomy, which includes various species of mint plants. While it's not a medical term per se, some mentha species have been used in traditional medicine and may be referenced in medical literature or natural health practices. The essential oils derived from these plants, such as peppermint (Mentha piperita) and spearmint (Mentha spicata), are often used in aromatherapy, topical applications, and as flavorings in oral care products and medications. They have been studied for potential benefits related to digestion, pain relief, and mental clarity, although more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish appropriate dosages and safety guidelines.
Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase (DGAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in triacylglycerol synthesis, which is the formation of diacylglycerol and fatty acyl-CoA into triacylglycerol. This enzyme plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and energy storage in cells. There are two main types of DGAT enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, which share limited sequence similarity but have similar functions. Inhibition of DGAT has been explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Euonymus
Euonymus paniculatus
Euonymus alatus
Euonymus carnosus
Euonymus oxyphyllus
Euonymus dielsianus
Euonymus lanceifolia
Euonymus castaneifolius
Euonymus assamicus
Euonymus pendulus
Euonymus japonicus
Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus cochinchinensis
Euonymus javanicus
Euonymus phellomanus
Euonymus dichotomus
Euonymus atropurpureus
Euonymus fortunei
Euonymus occidentalis
Euonymus cornutus
Euonymus thwaitesii
Euonymus obovatus
Euonymus indicus
Euonymus morrisonensis
Euonymus glandulosus
Euonymus pallidifolius
Euonymus acanthocarpus
Euonymus grandiflorus
Euonymus acuminifolius
Euonymus (mythology)
Euonymus - Wikipedia
Euonymus paniculatus - Wikipedia
Euonymus macropterus PFAF Plant Database
Euonymus echinatus - Wikispecies
Euonymus americanus Archives - Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden
Emerald Gaiety Wintercreeper, Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald Gaiety'
VPlants - Euonymus americanus
Euonymus japonicus, picture 1 of 1
Euonymus alatus ( Burning Bush ) : Backyard Gardener
Euonymus fortunei Silver Carpet
Euonymus altus - Nurseries Online
Euonymus 'Little Moses Burning' | Wayside Gardens
Euonymus fortunei plant by CG-Kuba
Euonymus japonicus 'Green Spire' - Plant Finder
Winged euonymus invasion in a forest - note characteristic pinkish fall color naturalized plants
Euonymus japonicus 'Green Rocket' | The Palm Centre
Silver King Euonymus - Live Plants For Sale - Roger's Gardens
Euonymus Red Cascade - Spindle tree - Mail Order Trees
Euonymus japonicus Japanese Spindle Tree, Box-leaf Euonymus, Evergreen Euonymus, Japanese Euonymus PFAF Plant Database
euonymus fortunei james-river-park hf 03s - Virginia Native Plant Society
A distinct DGAT with sn-3 acetyltransferase activity that synthesizes unusual, reduced-viscosity oils in Euonymus and...
Euonymus Scale - Your Options | markcullen.com
Euonymus alatus var. apterus | Pan Global Plants
Malasangki / Euonymus indicus / Indian spindle wood/ Alternative Medicine
Euonymus latifolius - Plant Parasites of Europe
Classy Groundcovers - Purple Wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus')
NameThatPlant.net: Euonymus japonicus
How do you prune Euonymus europaeus? - Leonieclaire.com
Euonymus - Bates Nursery & Garden Center
Japonicus5
- Euonymus japonicus , commonly called Japanese euonymus, is a dense oval evergreen shrub of the spindle tree family that typically grows to 10-15' tall and to 5-8' wide in cultivation, but may soar to as much as 25' tall in the wild. (missouribotanicalgarden.org)
- Euonymus japonicus is an evergreen Shrub growing to 4.5 m (14ft) by 2 m (6ft) at a medium rate. (pfaf.org)
- Providing year-round interest, Euonymus japonicus 'Silver King' (Japanese Spindle) is an upright, bushy, evergreen shrub with glossy, oval-round green leaves, 1-2 in. (gardenia.net)
- Selezione migliorata di Euonymus Japonicus molto più resistente alle malattie e con foglie più grandi di colore verde scuro lucido. (vivaigieffe.it)
- Improved selection of Euonymus japonicus much more disease resistant and with larger glossy dark green leaves. (vivaigieffe.it)
Alatus5
- However, Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus or burning-bush) is considered an invasive species in the woodlands of the northeastern United States. (wikipedia.org)
- Also known as the 'Burning Bush', Euonymus alatus is a medium sized shrub that grows well in Australian conditions. (nurseriesonline.com.au)
- Euonymus alatus is available for sale from the following nurseries. (nurseriesonline.com.au)
- Endosperm and embryo tissues from the seeds of Euonymus alatus (Burning Bush) accumulate high levels of 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acTAGs) as their major storage lipids. (nih.gov)
- hence, the enzyme was named EaDAcT (Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase). (nih.gov)
Fortunei1
- A show-stopping, leathery rich evergreen trailing shrub-like vine , Euonymus fortunei promises to deliver a deep backdrop for any landscape. (classygroundcovers.com)
Celastraceae5
- Euonymus /juːˈɒnɪməs/ is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. (wikipedia.org)
- 2013). Revision of three species of Euonymus (Celastraceae) from China. (wikipedia.org)
- New species of Asian Euonymus (Celastraceae). (wikipedia.org)
- Euonymus paniculatus is a species of plant in the family Celastraceae. (wikipedia.org)
- Euonymus is a genus of flowering plants in the staff vine family, Celastraceae. (stuartxchange.org)
Shrub7
- Euonymus macropterus is a deciduous Shrub growing to 4 m (13ft 1in). (pfaf.org)
- Euonymus Europaeus Red Cascade care To prune, lightly prune in mid to late spring to remove any damaged or dead shoots and to begin shaping the shrub into the desired shape you require, normally these shrubs form a well built structure by themselves and may never require pruning. (leonieclaire.com)
- Euonymus europaeus is the perfect shrub to plant as a focal point in the front garden, where its beauty can be appreciated. (leonieclaire.com)
- Euonymus europaeus is a deciduous plant that can be grown as either a large shrub or small tree….How to Grow European Spindle Tree. (leonieclaire.com)
- If a euonymus shrub has outgrown its space, you can prune it to bring it back within bounds. (leonieclaire.com)
- Keep in mind that you must disinfect all the tools before cut back your Euonymus shrub. (leonieclaire.com)
- Chillopo' euonymus is a tough, fast-growing evergreen shrub and is an excellent subject for topiary as this cone-shaped specimen proves. (thegardencorner.com)
Deciduous3
- Euonymus are popular garden shrubs, grown for their foliage, the deciduous species often exhibiting very bright red autumnal colours, and also for the decorative berries. (wikipedia.org)
- Seeds from this native deciduous Euonymus Americanus Strawberry Bush also known as Brook euonymus, Hearts-a-burstin, Bursting-heart, Wahoo. (georgiavines.com)
- Euonymus commonly known as Spindle are evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees. (signatureshrubs.co.uk)
Genus1
- Species include: "Genus: Euonymus L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. (wikipedia.org)
Europaeus6
- 358. ISBN 3-8331-1253-0 Plants for a Future: Euonymus europaeus Clapham, A. R. (1975). (wikipedia.org)
- How do you prune Euonymus europaeus? (leonieclaire.com)
- Is Euonymus europaeus fast growing? (leonieclaire.com)
- Growth rate of Euonymus europaeus A quick-growing hedge, Spindle will easily achieve at least 40cm growth per year and is ideal for hedging of 1-4m. (leonieclaire.com)
- What kind of leaves does Euonymus europaeus have? (leonieclaire.com)
- Euonymus europaeus tends to have an irregular crown that becomes more rounded as it matures. (leonieclaire.com)
Burning Bush1
- Common names vary widely among different species and between different English-speaking countries, but include spindle (or spindle tree), burning-bush, strawberry-bush, wahoo, wintercreeper, or simply euonymus. (wikipedia.org)
Silver King Euonymus1
- Silver 'King Euonymus' are medium growing, pyramidal evergreen broadleaf shrubs. (needhamsnursery.com)
Germplasm Resourc1
- Euonymus echinatus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) , U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. (wikimedia.org)
Plants2
- 2019. Euonymus echinatus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
- They also show that EaDAcT is the acetyltransferase necessary and sufficient for the production of acTAGs in Euonymus seeds, and that this activity can be introduced into the seeds of other plants, allowing the evaluation of these unusual TAGs for biofuel and other applications. (nih.gov)
Japonica1
- Euonymus japonica is extremely susceptible to scale - avoiding this plant is best. (markcullen.com)
Species3
- Euonymus Species List. (wikipedia.org)
- This species has been reported for some of the northern counties but I think all reports from there should be referred to Euonymus obovatus. (vplants.org)
- Euonymus indicus is an accepted species. (stuartxchange.org)
Turcz1
- Euonymus horsfieldii Turcz. (stuartxchange.org)
Time to prune1
- When is the best time to prune an Euonymus? (leonieclaire.com)
Pruning1
- 3.1 Pruning golden euonymus The golden euonymus should be pruned in spring, just after flowering. (leonieclaire.com)
Shade1
- A position in full sun is Ok, however we prefer to grow Euonymus altus is dappled shade. (nurseriesonline.com.au)
Vine1
- Watch for Euonymus scale, vine weevil, leaf spot and powder mildew. (gardenia.net)
Spire1
- Green Spire' is a narrow, columnar selection of Japanese euonymus that will reach up to 8' tall with a 2' spread. (missouribotanicalgarden.org)
Tall1
- How tall does Euonymus grow? (leonieclaire.com)
Scale1
- Euonymus scale and powdery mildew can be troublesome. (missouribotanicalgarden.org)
Performs better1
- Even in a large container, this euonymus can handle a missed watering and actually performs better with underwatering than overwatering. (thegardencorner.com)
Size1
- Euonymus altus is easily pruned to shape and size if required. (nurseriesonline.com.au)
Growth1
- Don't prune a euonymus in late summer or fall, because new growth may be damaged by winter's cold. (leonieclaire.com)
Tree1
- Can euonymus grow into a tree? (leonieclaire.com)