An acute, short-lived, viral disease of infants and young children characterized by a high fever at onset that drops to normal after 3-4 days and the concomitant appearance of a macular or maculopapular rash that appears first on the trunk and then spreads to other areas. It is the sixth of the classical exanthematous diseases and is caused by HHV-6; (HERPESVIRUS 6, HUMAN). (From Dorland, 27th ed)
The type species of ROSEOLOVIRUS isolated from patients with AIDS and other LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. It infects and replicates in fresh and established lines of hematopoietic cells and cells of neural origin. It also appears to alter NK cell activity. HHV-6; (HBLV) antibodies are elevated in patients with AIDS, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and certain malignancies. HHV-6 is the cause of EXANTHEMA SUBITUM and has been implicated in encephalitis.
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.
A species in the genus ROSEOLOVIRUS, of the family HERPESVIRIDAE. It was isolated from activated, CD4-positive T-lymphocytes taken from the blood of a healthy human.
A fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the opening of the throat.
A calicivirus infection of swine characterized by hydropic degeneration of the oral and cutaneous epithelia.
Infection with ROSEOLOVIRUS, the most common in humans being EXANTHEMA SUBITUM, a benign disease of infants and young children.
The type species of the genus VESIVIRUS infecting pigs. The resulting infection is an acute febrile disease which is clinically indistinguishable from FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. Transmission is by contaminated food.
Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE.
The suborder of aquatic CARNIVORA comprising the WALRUSES; FUR SEALS; SEA LIONS; and EARLESS SEALS. They have fusiform bodies with very short tails and are found on all sea coasts. The offspring are born on land.
A family of RNA viruses infecting a broad range of animals. Most individual species are restricted to their natural hosts. They possess a characteristic six-pointed starlike shape whose surfaces have cup-shaped (chalice) indentions. Transmission is by contaminated food, water, fomites, and occasionally aerosolization of secretions. Genera include LAGOVIRUS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; SAPPORO-LIKE VIRUSES; and VESIVIRUS.
A species of VARICELLOVIRUS causing coital exanthema in horses.
Species of ENTEROVIRUS causing mild to severe neurological diseases among pigs especially in Eastern Europe. Mild strains are also present in Canada, U.S., and Australia. Specific species include Porcine enterovirus A and Porcine enterovirus B.
A group comprised of several species of aquatic carnivores in different genera, in the family Otariidae. In comparison to FUR SEALS, they have shorter, less dense hair.
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A class of minute animals of the phylum Aschelminthes.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye, resulting in symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, burning, discharge, and increased sensitivity to light.

Human herpesvirus 6: An emerging pathogen. (1/35)

Infections with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), a beta-herpesvirus of which two variant groups (A and B) are recognized, is very common, approaching 100% in seroprevalence. Primary infection with HHV-6B causes roseola infantum or exanthem subitum, a common childhood disease that resolves spontaneously. After primary infection, the virus replicates in the salivary glands and is shed in saliva, the recognized route of transmission for variant B strains; it remains latent in lymphocytes and monocytes and persists at low levels in cells and tissues. Not usually associated with disease in the immunocompetent, HHV-6 infection is a major cause of opportunistic viral infections in the immunosuppressed, typically AIDS patients and transplant recipients, in whom HHV-6 infection/reactivation may culminate in rejection of transplanted organs and death. Other opportunistic viruses, human cytomegalovirus and HHV-7, also infect or reactivate in persons at risk. Another disease whose pathogenesis may be correlated with HHV-6 is multiple sclerosis. Data in favor of and against the correlation are discussed.  (+info)

Isolation and identification of human herpesvirus 7 from an infant with exanthem subitum. (2/35)

Exanthem subitum (ES) is a common childhood exanthematous disease. In a recent study of ES due to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV 6), we isolated human herpesvirus 7 (HHV 7) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a seven month-old infant with typical symptoms of ES. The identity of the virus was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using HHV 7 specific monoclonal antibody and by amplification of the HHV 7 specific genomic sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Paired serum samples from the infant showed serological conversion to the isolated virus. The clinical manifestations of ES in this infant appeared to be milder than the classical ES due to HHV 6.  (+info)

Uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers--an early clinical sign of exanthem subitum due to human herpesvirus 6. (3/35)

A provisional clinical diagnosis of exanthem subitum was made in six febrile infants seen in the Paediatric Unit of Assunta Hospital, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia with uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers prior to the eruption of maculopapular rash. On follow-up, all six infants developed maculopapular rash with the subsidence of fever at the end of the fourth febrile day. Human herpesvirus 6 was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the acute phase of the illness and HHV 6 specific genome was also detected in these cells by nested polymerase chain reaction. All the six infants showed seroconversion for both specific IgG and IgM to the isolated virus. This study suggests that the presence of uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers could be a useful early clinical sign of exanthem subitum due to human herpesvirus 6.  (+info)

The association of uvulo-palatoglossal junctional ulcers with exanthem subitum: a 10-year paediatric outpatient study. (4/35)

A 10-year follow-up of children having exanthem subitum (ES) seen in an outpatient paediatric clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia shows that uvulo-palatoglossal junctional (UPJ) ulcer is a reliable early clinical sign of ES. During this period, 1,977 children (1,086 males, 891 females) had adequate follow-up from the age of 3 months to 24 months old. 897 children (478 males, 419 females) were noted to have UPJ ulcers. Of these 897 children, 855 (459 males, 396 females) presented with the classical clinical features of ES of maculopapular rash following 3 to 4 days of fever. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of UPJ ulcers in the clinical diagnosis of ES are 95.3% and 100% respectively. Among the 855 children with clinical features of ES, a provisional diagnosis of ES could be made in 781 children during the pre-eruptive phase by the presence of the UPJ ulcers. The other 74 children already had the rash at the time of consultation at the clinic. The peak age of occurrence of ES was 6 months old with 98.2% of the total cases of ES seen between the age of 4 and 12 months. There was no significant gender difference in the incidence of ES nor any seasonal variation. Mild to moderate diarrhoea was the other commonly associated clinical feature which usually presented from the third febrile day onwards.  (+info)

Outbreaks of human-herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) infection in day-care centers in Belem, Para, Brazil. (5/35)

A total of 730 children aged less than 7 years, attending 8 day-care centers (DCCs) in Belem, Brazil were followed-up from January to December 1997 to investigate the occurrence of human-herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) infection in these institutional settings. Between October and December 1997 there have been outbreaks of a febrile- and -exanthematous disease, affecting at least 15-20% of children in each of the DCCs. Both serum- and- plasma samples were obtained from 401 (55%) of the 730 participating children for the detection of HHV-6 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and viral DNA amplification through the nested-PCR. Recent HHV-6 infection was diagnosed in 63.8% (256/401) of them, as defined by the presence of both IgM and IgG-specific antibodies (IgM+/IgG+); of these, 114 (44.5%) were symptomatic and 142 (55.5%) had no symptoms (p = 0.03). A subgroup of 123 (30.7%) children were found to be IgM-/IgG+, whereas the remaining 22 (5.5%) children had neither IgM nor IgG HHV-6- antibodies (IgM-/IgG-). Of the 118 children reacting strongly IgM-positive (> or = 30 PANBIO units), 26 (22.0%) were found to harbour the HHV-6 DNA, as demonstrated by nested-PCR. Taken the ELISA-IgM- and- nested PCR-positive results together, HHV-6 infection was shown to have occurred in 5 of the 8 DCCs under follow-up. Serological evidence of recent infections by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and parvovirus B19 were identified in 2.0% (8/401) and 1. 5% (6/401) of the children, respectively. Our data provide strong evidence that HHV-6 is a common cause of outbreaks of febrile/exanthematous diseases among children attending DCCs in the Belem area.  (+info)

Fatal acute myocarditis in an infant with human herpesvirus 6 infection. (6/35)

A 5 month old girl had typical clinical features of acute myocarditis just after the febrile period of exanthem subitum and died immediately. She had been healthy, with normal development, and there was no family history of particular note. Myocardial postmortem findings were compatible with acute myocarditis. Although the isolation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was not attempted, positive IgM antibody to HHV-6 was detected in the patient's serum. Moreover, HHV-6 variant B DNA was detected in several tissues, including myocardium, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In contrast, antibody responses to human herpesvirus 7, another causal agent of exanthem subitum, were not found, and enteroviral RNA was not detected in myocardial tissues by reverse transcription PCR. Apoptotic changes were seen in infiltrating cells within the myocardial tissues by means of the TUNEL method. HHV-6 antigen was not detected in several tissues (including myocardium) by immunohistochemical analysis. In conclusion, HHV-6 may have been the causative agent of fatal acute myocarditis in this infant.  (+info)

Selection of the same mutation in the U69 protein kinase gene of human herpesvirus-6 after prolonged exposure to ganciclovir in vitro and in vivo. (7/35)

After serial passage in the presence of increasing concentrations of ganciclovir (GCV) in vitro, a human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) mutant exhibiting a decreased sensitivity to the drug was isolated. Analysis of drug susceptibility showed that the IC(50) of this mutant was 24-, 52- and 3-fold higher than that of the wild-type (wt) IC(50) in the case of GCV, cidofovir and foscarnet, respectively. Genotypic analysis showed two single nucleotide changes as compared to the wild-type: an A-->G substitution of the U69 protein kinase (PK) gene resulted in an M(318)V amino acid substitution and the other change, located in the C-terminal part of the U38 gene, resulted in an A(961)V amino acid substitution within the DNA polymerase. The M(318)V change was located within the consensus sequence DISPMN of the putative catalytic domain VI of the PK. This change was homologous to the M(460)V and M(460)I changes that had been reported previously within the consensus sequence DITPMN of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL97 PK and associated with the resistance of HCMV to GCV. The M(318)V change was also detected by PCR in HHV-6-infected PBMCs from an AIDS patient who had been treated with GCV for a long period of time and exhibited a clinically GCV-resistant HCMV infection. These findings provide strong circumstantial evidence that the M(318)V change of the PK gene is associated with resistance to GCV and raise the question of cross resistance to this drug among different betaherpesviruses.  (+info)

Prevalence and cellular reservoir of latent human herpesvirus 6 in tonsillar lymphoid tissue. (8/35)

There are few studies that examine prevalence, quantity, and cellular proclivity of latent human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in healthy populations. We examined 69 tonsils with paired blood specimens from children without evidence of acute infection. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HHV-6 was detected at low levels in 100% of tonsils and 39% of blood samples (n = 27), suggesting that prevalence of latent HHV-6 infection is high in children and may be underestimated by PCR analysis of blood. Although HHV-6A and HHV-6B were detected, HHV-6B predominated, being found in 97% of samples (n = 67). Tonsil sections from 7 cases were examined by in situ hybridization using 2 HHV-6 probes and immunohistochemical analysis. Using both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis, all tissues revealed marked HHV-6-specific staining in the squamous epithelium of the tonsillar crypts and rare positive lymphocytes. We conclude that HHV-6 is present universally in tonsils of children, and tonsillar epithelium may be an important viral reservoir in latent infection.  (+info)

Exanthema subitum is a medical term that is used to describe a specific type of rash-like skin eruption. It's also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease, which is a common viral illness that typically affects young children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.

The term "exanthema" refers to a widespread eruption of skin lesions, while "subitum" means sudden. Therefore, exanthema subitum can be defined as a sudden onset of a rash that is typically caused by the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection.

The rash associated with exanthema subitum usually appears after the child has had a few days of high fever, which can sometimes reach up to 105°F (40.5°C). The rash is typically made up of small, flat or raised pink or red spots that may be surrounded by a lighter halo. These spots can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the trunk, neck, and face.

While the rash itself is generally not harmful, it can be uncomfortable for the child, causing itching or irritation. In most cases, exanthema subitum resolves on its own within a few days to a week without any specific treatment. However, if your child has a high fever, is lethargic, or shows other signs of illness, you should contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a species of the Roseolovirus genus in the Herpesviridae family. It is a double-stranded DNA virus and is one of the human herpesviruses, which are a group of viruses that includes eight different types that can infect humans.

There are two variants of HHV-6, known as HHV-6A and HHV-6B. Both variants are closely related but have distinct biological properties and clinical manifestations. HHV-6B is the cause of exanthem subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease), a common childhood illness characterized by fever and rash, while HHV-6A has been associated with various diseases in immunocompromised individuals, such as encephalitis, pneumonitis, and bone marrow suppression.

HHV-6 is highly prevalent in the human population, with most people getting infected during early childhood. After the initial infection, the virus remains latent in the body for the rest of a person's life, and it can reactivate under certain conditions, such as immune suppression or stress. Reactivation of HHV-6 has been associated with various diseases, including encephalitis, seizures, and fatigue.

It is important to note that while HHV-6 infection is common, most people do not develop any symptoms or long-term complications. However, in some cases, the virus can cause significant illness, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

An exanthem is a skin eruption or rash that often occurs as a symptom of various diseases, such as infectious illnesses. It can appear in different forms, including maculopapular (consisting of both macules and papules), vesicular (small fluid-filled blisters), petechial (small purple or red spots caused by bleeding under the skin), or erythematous (reddened). The rash can be localized to certain areas of the body or generalized, covering large parts or the entire body. Exanthems are usually accompanied by other symptoms related to the underlying disease, such as fever, cough, or muscle aches.

Human Herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a species of the Herpesviridae family and Betaherpesvirinae subfamily. It is a double-stranded DNA virus that primarily infects human hosts. HHV-7 is closely related to Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and both viruses share many biological and biochemical properties.

HHV-7 is typically acquired in early childhood, with most people becoming infected before the age of five. Primary infection with HHV-7 can cause a mild illness known as exanthema subitum or roseola infantum, which is characterized by fever and a rash. However, many HHV-7 infections are asymptomatic.

After initial infection, HHV-7 becomes latent in the host's immune cells, particularly CD4+ T-lymphocytes. The virus can reactivate later in life, causing various clinical manifestations such as chronic fatigue syndrome, seizures, and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. HHV-7 has also been implicated in the development of certain malignancies, including lymphoproliferative disorders and some types of brain tumors.

Like other herpesviruses, HHV-7 establishes a lifelong infection in its human host, with periodic reactivation throughout the individual's lifetime.

The uvula is a small, conical piece of soft tissue that hangs down from the middle part of the back of the soft palate (the rear-most portion of the roof of the mouth). It contains muscle fibers and mucous glands, and its function is associated with swallowing, speaking, and protecting the airway. During swallowing, the uvula helps to prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity by blocking the opening between the oral and nasal cavities (the nasopharynx). In speech, it plays a role in shaping certain sounds like "a" and "u."

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) is a viral disease that affects pigs, characterized by the formation of blisters or vesicles on the skin and mucous membranes. The causative agent is an RNA virus known as Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus (VESV), which belongs to the family Caliciviridae.

The disease is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected pigs or contaminated fomites, and it can also be spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. The incubation period for VES ranges from 2-6 days, after which affected animals develop fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and lameness.

The most notable clinical sign of VES is the development of vesicles on the snout, coronary bands, and hooves of infected pigs. These lesions can rupture and form crusts or scabs, leading to secondary bacterial infections. In severe cases, lameness can progress to the point where affected animals are unable to stand or walk.

VES is a highly contagious disease that can cause significant economic losses for pig farmers. While it does not pose a direct threat to human health, VESV can cause a mild self-limiting illness in humans who come into contact with infected pigs or their secretions.

It's worth noting that Vesicular Exanthema of Swine has been eradicated from the United States since 1952, and it is now considered a foreign animal disease. However, it remains a significant concern for the global swine industry due to its potential to cause significant economic losses.

Roseolovirus infections are typically caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). The most common manifestation of roseolovirus infection is exanthem subitum, also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease, which primarily affects children aged 6 months to 2 years.

The infection usually begins with a fever that can last for up to a week, followed by the appearance of a rash once the fever subsides. The rash is typically pinkish-red, maculopapular (consisting of both flat and raised lesions), and appears on the trunk, spreading to the face, neck, and extremities. It usually lasts for 1-2 days.

In addition to exanthem subitum, roseolovirus infections can also cause a variety of other clinical manifestations, including febrile seizures, hepatitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and encephalitis. HHV-6 and HHV-7 have also been associated with several chronic diseases, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and certain malignancies.

Transmission of roseolovirus occurs through saliva and other bodily fluids, and primary infection is usually acquired during childhood. Once infected, the virus remains latent in the body and can reactivate later in life, although reactivation rarely causes symptoms.

Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES) is a viral disease that affects pigs, characterized by the formation of blisters or vesicles on the skin and mucous membranes. The causative agent of VES is a member of the Caliciviridae family, specifically the vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV).

The disease is highly contagious and can spread rapidly in pig populations through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites. The incubation period for VES is typically 2-6 days, after which affected pigs may develop fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and lameness. Within a few days, small fluid-filled vesicles appear on the snout, lips, ears, and coronary bands of the hooves. These vesicles can rupture, leading to the formation of raw, painful erosions that may become secondarily infected with bacteria.

While VES is not a direct threat to human health, it can cause significant economic losses in the swine industry due to decreased growth rates, reduced feed conversion, and increased mortality in affected animals. Additionally, the clinical signs of VES are similar to those of other vesicular diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which can lead to costly trade restrictions and quarantines.

Historically, VES was a significant problem in the United States swine industry, but extensive vaccination programs and eradication efforts have largely eliminated the disease from domestic pig populations. However, VESV continues to circulate in wild pig populations and remains a potential threat to the swine industry.

Herpesviridae infections refer to diseases caused by the Herpesviridae family of double-stranded DNA viruses, which include herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). These viruses can cause a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild skin lesions to severe systemic diseases.

After the initial infection, these viruses typically become latent in various tissues and may reactivate later in life, causing recurrent symptoms. The clinical presentation of Herpesviridae infections depends on the specific virus and the immune status of the host. Common manifestations include oral or genital ulcers (HSV-1 and HSV-2), chickenpox and shingles (VZV), mononucleosis (CMV), roseola (HHV-6), and Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8).

Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with infected individuals during the active phase of the infection, practicing safe sex, and avoiding sharing personal items that may come into contact with infectious lesions. Antiviral medications are available to treat Herpesviridae infections and reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

Pinnipedia is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in zoology. It refers to a group of marine mammals that include seals, sea lions, walruses, and related extinct species. These animals are characterized by their limbs being modified into flippers, which makes them well-adapted for life in the water. They are often studied in fields such as marine biology and veterinary medicine.

Caliciviridae is a family of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that primarily infect animals, including humans. In humans, Caliciviridae causes gastroenteritis, commonly known as stomach flu, and is responsible for a significant portion of foodborne illnesses worldwide. The name "Caliciviridae" comes from the Latin word "calyx," meaning "cup," which refers to the cup-shaped depressions on the surface of some members of this virus family.

There are five genera within Caliciviridae that infect humans: Norovirus, Sapovirus, Lagovirus, Vesivirus, and Nebovirus. Among these, Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases.

Caliciviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses that range from 27 to 40 nanometers in diameter. They have a simple structure, consisting of a single protein shell (capsid) that encloses the RNA genome. The capsid proteins of Caliciviridae are organized into two major domains: the shell domain and the protruding domain. The protruding domain contains binding sites for host cell receptors and is responsible for eliciting an immune response in the host.

Caliciviruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through various routes, including fecal-oral transmission, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces. They are resistant to many common disinfectants and can survive for extended periods on environmental surfaces, making them difficult to eliminate from healthcare settings and other high-touch areas.

In addition to their medical importance, Caliciviridae also has significance in veterinary medicine, as several members of this family infect animals such as cats, dogs, pigs, and rabbits, causing a range of clinical symptoms from gastroenteritis to respiratory illnesses.

Herpesvirus 3, Equid (also known as Equine Herpesvirus 3 or EHV-3) is a species of herpesvirus that primarily affects horses and other equids. It belongs to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and genus Varicellovirus.

EHV-3 is responsible for causing a disease called Equine Coital Exanthema (ECE), which is a venereal disease that affects the genitalia of horses. The virus is typically transmitted through sexual contact or during breeding, but it can also be spread through contaminated objects such as tack and equipment.

The symptoms of ECE include the development of small, fluid-filled blisters or lesions on the genitals, which may cause discomfort and lead to secondary infections. In most cases, the disease is self-limiting and resolves within a few weeks without treatment. However, it can have significant implications for breeding operations as it can result in temporary infertility in affected animals.

It's important to note that EHV-3 is not related to Human Herpesvirus 3 (Varicella-zoster virus), which causes chickenpox and shingles in humans.

Enteroviruses, Porcine are a group of viruses that belong to the family Picornaviridae and include several species that can infect pigs. These viruses are typically associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses in pigs, although some strains have been linked to reproductive problems and neurological disorders as well.

Some of the enteroviruses that can infect pigs include Porcine Enterovirus A (PEVA), Porcine Enterovirus B (PEVB), Porcine Enterovirus C (PEVC), Porcine Enterovirus D (PEVD), and Porcine Enterovirus E (PEVE). These viruses are usually spread through the fecal-oral route, and they can cause a range of clinical signs depending on the specific virus and the age and health status of the infected pig.

In general, porcine enteroviruses are not considered to be a significant threat to human health, although there have been rare reports of transmission from pigs to humans in cases where proper biosecurity measures were not followed. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks associated with these viruses and their impact on both animal and human health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sea Lions" are not a medical term or condition. Sea lions are marine mammals belonging to the family Otariidae, which also includes fur seals. They are characterized by their external ear flaps, robust bodies, and strong foreflippers which they use for movement both in water and on land.

If you're looking for medical definitions or information, I'd be happy to help with that as well. Could you please clarify your question?

Drug hypersensitivity is an abnormal immune response to a medication or its metabolites. It is a type of adverse drug reaction that occurs in susceptible individuals, characterized by the activation of the immune system leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This reaction can range from mild symptoms such as skin rashes, hives, and itching to more severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.

Drug hypersensitivity reactions can be classified into two main types: immediate (or IgE-mediated) and delayed (or non-IgE-mediated). Immediate reactions occur within minutes to a few hours after taking the medication and are mediated by the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. Delayed reactions, on the other hand, can take several days to develop and are caused by T-cell activation and subsequent cytokine release.

Common drugs that can cause hypersensitivity reactions include antibiotics (such as penicillins and sulfonamides), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), monoclonal antibodies, and chemotherapeutic agents. It is important to note that previous exposure to a medication does not always guarantee the development of hypersensitivity reactions, as they can also occur after the first administration in some cases.

The diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes skin or laboratory tests. Treatment typically includes avoiding the offending medication and managing symptoms with antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other medications as needed. In severe cases, emergency medical care may be required to treat anaphylaxis or other life-threatening reactions.

Febrile seizures are a type of seizure that occurs in young children, typically between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, and is often associated with fever. A febrile seizure is defined as a convulsion or seizure that is brought on by a high fever, usually greater than 100.4°F (38°C), but can also occur in response to a rapid rise in body temperature. The seizures can vary in length and may involve shaking of the entire body, jerking of the arms and legs, or just twitching of one part of the body. They can be quite alarming to witness, but they are usually harmless and do not cause any long-term neurological problems.

Febrile seizures are most commonly caused by viral infections, such as a cold or flu, but they can also occur with bacterial infections, such as a urinary tract infection or ear infection. In some cases, the fever and seizure may be the first signs that a child is ill.

While febrile seizures are generally harmless, it is important to seek medical attention if your child has a seizure. This is because a small percentage of children who have febrile seizures may go on to develop epilepsy, a condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Additionally, some serious underlying conditions, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can cause fever and seizures, so it is important to rule out these possibilities with a thorough medical evaluation.

If your child has a febrile seizure, the best course of action is to remain calm and make sure they are in a safe place where they cannot injure themselves. Do not try to restrain them or put anything in their mouth. Instead, gently turn them onto their side to prevent choking and call for medical help. Most febrile seizures last only a few minutes and resolve on their own without any treatment. After the seizure, your child may be sleepy or confused, but they should return to their normal state within a short period of time.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Rotifera is a phylum of microscopic, mostly freshwater animals. They are characterized by having a ciliated corona or crown surrounding the mouth, which they use for capturing food particles. Rotifers have a diverse range of body forms, but most have a rotund or sac-like body. Some species have a protective shell called a lorica. The size of rotifers ranges from 50 to 2,000 micrometers in length. They are important members of the zooplankton community and play a significant role in the decomposition and nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, a thin, clear membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. The condition can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, discomfort, and a gritty feeling in the eyes. It can also result in a discharge that can be clear, yellow, or greenish.

Conjunctivitis can have various causes, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, irritants (such as smoke, chlorine, or contact lens solutions), and underlying medical conditions (like dry eye or autoimmune disorders). Treatment depends on the cause of the condition but may include antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory medications, or warm compresses.

It is essential to maintain good hygiene practices, like washing hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, to prevent spreading conjunctivitis to others. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's recommended that you consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Cherry, James D. (2019). "Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum)". Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. ... also known as exanthem subitum. Roseola affects girls and boys equally worldwide year-round. Roseola typically affects children ... exanthem subitum, roseola infantum)". Pediatrics. 93 (1): 104-108. doi:10.1542/peds.93.1.104. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 8265302. ... The rash is classically described as an erythematous morbilliform exanthem and presents as a distribution of soft pink, ...
The acquisition of HHV-6 in infancy is often symptomatic, resulting in childhood fever, diarrhea, and exanthem subitum rash ( ... Diseases associated with this genus include: HHV-6: sixth disease (roseola infantum, exanthema subitum); HHV-7: symptoms analog ...
... can cause a skin condition in infants known as exanthema subitum, roseola infantum (rose rash of infants) or the sixth disease ... also known as roseola infantum or exanthem subitum); HHV-7: symptoms analogous to the 'sixth disease'. Betaherpesvirinae ...
Viruses portal Blueberry muffin baby Eradication of infectious diseases Exanthema subitum (roseola infantum) Atkinson, William ... However, the primary symptom of rubella virus infection is the appearance of a rash (exanthem) on the face which spreads to the ...
Children who have exanthema subitum, caused by an HHV-6B infection, experience fevers lasting 3 to 5 days; rashes on the torso ... HHV-6B primary infection is the cause of the common childhood illness exanthema subitum (also known as roseola infantum or ... The classical presentation of primary HHV-6b infection is as exanthema subitum (ES) or "roseola", featuring a high temperature ...
Both HHV-6B and HHV-7, as well as other viruses, can cause a skin condition in infants known as exanthema subitum, although HHV ... "Neuroinvasion by human herpesvirus type 7 in a case of exanthem subitum with severe neurologic manifestations". Neurology. 52 ( ...
Primary infection with this virus is the cause of the common childhood illness exanthema subitum (also known as roseola ...
... exanthem subitum, exanthema subitum, sixth disease) Roseola vaccinia Rubella (German measles) Sandfly fever (Pappataci fever, ... Alphavirus infection Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood (unilateral laterothoracic exanthem) B virus infection ... Scott LA, Stone MS (2003). "Viral exanthems". Dermatol Online J. 9 (3): 4. doi:10.5070/D33WD095BT. PMID 12952751. Springer K, ... Exanthem of primary HIV infection (acute retroviral syndrome) Farmyard pox Generalized vaccinia Genital herpes (herpes ...
... exanthema subitum MeSH C02.256.466.860 - sarcoma, kaposi MeSH C02.256.650.810 - warts MeSH C02.256.650.810.217 - condylomata ... vesicular exanthema of swine MeSH C02.782.310.340 - encephalitis, california MeSH C02.782.310.345 - encephalitis, japanese MeSH ...
... exanthema subitum MeSH C17.800.271.125 - acneiform eruptions MeSH C17.800.271.125.125 - acne keloid MeSH C17.800.271.125.200 - ... exanthema subitum MeSH C17.800.838.790.320 - herpes simplex MeSH C17.800.838.790.320.320 - herpes labialis MeSH C17.800.838.790 ...
The term three-day fever may refer to Pappataci fever, a vector-borne arboviral infection Exanthema subitum, or the sixth ...
MicrobeTV is an independent podcast network for people who are interested in the life sciences. Our programs are about viruses, microbes, parasites, evolution, urban agriculture, immunology, neuroscience, and infectious diseases.. Content on this site is licensed by MicrobeTV, Inc. under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.. ...
Exanthem Subitum; Roseola Infantum). En Español (Spanish Version). Definition. Causes. Risk Factors ...
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum; caused by HHV-6). Standard. n/a. n/a. ...
2] The most common clinical presentation of infection in children is fever and rash, or the so-called exanthema subitum, or ... Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum. Lancet. 1988 May 14. 1(8594):1065-7. [QxMD ... Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a herpesvirus that causes roseola infantum (or exanthema subitum [sixth disease]) in infants and ... of human herpesvirus 6 specific cellular immune response and natural killer cell activity in patients with exanthema subitum. J ...
Cherry, James D. (2019). "Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum)". Feigin and Cherrys Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. ... also known as exanthem subitum. Roseola affects girls and boys equally worldwide year-round. Roseola typically affects children ... exanthem subitum, roseola infantum)". Pediatrics. 93 (1): 104-108. doi:10.1542/peds.93.1.104. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 8265302. ... The rash is classically described as an erythematous morbilliform exanthem and presents as a distribution of soft pink, ...
exanthem subitum / sixth disease / roseola infantum. *Human Herpes Virus 7 (HHV-7) ...
Neonates who are perinatally infected with HHV-6 can develop afebrile seizures, which are considered to be exanthem subitum (ES ...
Roseola (also termed the sixth disease, roseola infantum, and exanthema subitum) is a common viral infection that occurs mainly ...
Exanthem subitum; Sixth disease. Causes Of Roseola. Roseola is common in children ages 3 months to 4 years, and most common in ...
Exanthem Subitum; Pseudorubella). By Brenda L. Tesini , MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry ... The fever usually decreases rapidly on the 4th day, and when the fall occurs, a macular or maculopapular exanthem usually ... In 70% of HHV-6 infections, the classic exanthem does not occur. ...
Exanthem Subitum; Pseudorubella). By Brenda L. Tesini , MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry ...
... exanthem subitum) S Rotavirus infection (see gastroenteritis) Rubella (German measles; also see congenital rubella) D F (22) ... Rash or exanthems, generalized, etiology unknown Petechial/ecchymotic with fever Neisseria meningitidis Droplet Vesicular ...
Exanthem Subitum Rash : Mnemonic May 13, 2023. Urticaria Like Eruptions Rash Mnemonic June 2, 2023. Approach To A Patient With ...
exanthema subitum;. ovčja ~ malteška → mrzlica;. Pagetova ~ dojk pojav karcinomskih celic v epiteliju areole dojke;. Pagetova ... šesta otroška ~ → exanthema subitum;. škrljevska ~ ki je imenovana po vasi Škrljevo v okolici Reke, kjer je na koncu 18. in v ... eksantemske otroške ~ h katerim se uvrščajo predvsem norice, rdečke, ošpice, škrlatinka, infekcijski eritem, exanthema subitum; ...
Exanthema subitum , Expanded disability status scale score decreased , Expanded disability status scale score increased , ...
Pool of 112 overlapping peptides derived from a peptide scan (15mers with 11 aa overlap) through U54 (UniProt ID: Q9QJ29) of Human herpesvirus 6B for…
Roseola infantum/Exanthema subitum) A betegs get a human parpov rus B19 (egyfajta herpesz v rus a herpesz 6 HHV-6) okozza. A ...
Exanthem subitum (194 occurrences). Pediculosis capitis (191 occurrences). Watkins (191 occurrences). Enterobiasis (190 ... Exanthem subitum (194 occurrences). eye disorders (5111 occurrences). Familial adenomatous polyposis (4508 occurrences). ...
Only the fourth (Dukes disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as ... Only the fourth (Dukes disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as ... a skin eruption usually chem- or viral-induced; EXANTHEMA SUBITUM is also available. ... Exanthema - Preferred Concept UI. M0007993. Scope note. Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent ...
6. šiesta choroba (exanthema subitum),. 7. siedma choroba (choroba ruky, nohy, ústa). ...
Reliable custom & catalog peptides, peptide microarrays, peptide pools & libraries for immunology e.g. immune monitoring & epitope identification, and proteomics. Contact us!
Roseola Infantum (Exanthem Subitum). Impetigo. Measles. Varicella (Chickenpox). Herpes Zoster. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease. ... I prezzi indicati possono subire variazioni poiché soggetti alloscillazione dei cambi delle valute e/o agli aggiornamenti ...
exanthema subitum * respiratory disorder * Marseilles fever * pyknosis * rheumatism * illness * periarteritis nodosa * ...
Exanthema Subitum. *Herpes Simplex. *Molluscum Contagiosum. *Warts. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific ...
Exanthem subitum/roseola infantum/6th disease is due to infection by HHV - 6. ...
... also called exanthem subitum, is a viral infection that causes skin eruptions. It usually occurs in the spring or fall and ... Roseola, also called exanthem subitum, is a viral infection that causes skin eruptions. It usually occurs in the spring or fall ...
Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)/7 (HHV-7): 장미진, 돌발진(Exanthem subitum, Roseola infantum) ------ 239 ...
  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a herpesvirus that causes roseola infantum (or exanthema subitum [sixth disease]) in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • Roseola (also termed the sixth disease , roseola infantum, and exanthema subitum) is a common viral infection that occurs mainly in children between 6-24 months of age. (medicinenet.com)
  • Exanthem subitum/roseola infantum/6th disease is due to infection by HHV - 6. (medicoapps.org)
  • Clinical features of infants with primary human herpesvirus 6 infection (exanthem subitum, roseola infantum). (medibas.se)
  • A rash appears in only about 20% of children, that is exanthema subitum or roseola infantum, also known as the sixth exanthematic illnesss. (biopticka.cz)
  • 2 Roseola Infantum (Exanthema Subitum) Roseola is most commonly caused by human herpesvirus 6 and affects infants and children younger than three years. (uruvideo.com)
  • Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Infectious diseases such as measles, rubella, erythema infectiosum, exanthema subitum, chicken pox, herpes zoster, herpes simplex virus infection, enterovirus infection and bacterial infectious diseases will be analyzed to see which diseases have the characteristics of contagiousness and which are indicated fever and rash. (unizd.hr)
  • The rash is classically described as an erythematous morbilliform exanthem and presents as a distribution of soft pink, discrete, and slightly raised lesions each with a 2-5mm diameter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enfermedades en las que la manifestación predominante es una erupción en la piel o rash. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such infections usually cause fever, with exanthem subitum ( Roseola /rash) [1] only being observed in 10% of cases. (wikidoc.org)
  • Because roseola rash appears so suddenly after the fever dramatically departs, the condition may be called exanthem subitum. (aminoco.com)
  • Roseola, also called exanthem subitum, is a viral infection that causes skin eruptions. (medicineshoppe.ca)
  • 4형은 Ebstein-barr virus로 일병 키스병으로 알려져 있는 감염성 단핵구증(infectious mononucleosis)를 일으키고, 5형은 cytomegalovirus로 거대세포감염증을 일으킬수 있으며, 6형과 7형은 2세 이하의 아이에게 갑자기 고열뒤에 발진이 나타나는 돌발진(exanthem subitum)을 일으킬수 있고, 마지막 8형은 에이즈때 나타나는 암인 카포시육종(Kaposi's sarcoma)를 일으킨다. (urologist.kr)
  • In 70% of HHV-6 infections, the classic exanthem does not occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is a T-lymphotropic virus and the etiological agent of exanthem subitum. (bvsalud.org)
  • The virus exanthema subitum (human herpesvirus 6 HHV-6, Human herpes reseovirus 9) exists in two variants, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, differing somewhat genetically, biologically and antigenically. (biopticka.cz)
  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a herpesvirus that causes roseola infantum (or exanthema subitum [sixth disease]) in infants and children. (medscape.com)
  • Roseola infantum is the sixth of the traditional exanthems of childhood. (medscape.com)
  • Roseola, also called exanthem subitum and sixth disease, is a common, contagious viral infection caused by the human herpesvirus (HHV) 6. (healthychildren.org)
  • Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth ( ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM ), and sixth ( EXANTHEMA SUBITUM ) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. (bvsalud.org)
  • HHV-6 primary infection is the cause of the common childhood disease called roseola infantum , also known as exanthema subitum or sixth disease. (osmosis.org)
  • HHV-6 is the causative agent of exanthema subitum in children. (omicsonline.org)
  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently discovered member of the herpesvirus family, and is the causative agent of exanthem subitum. (bmj.com)
  • Human herpes virus 6 (HHV 6) has been implicated as the causative agent of exanthema subitum in young children. (elsevierpure.com)
  • You mentioned roseola exanthem subitum, which is quite common and usually presents with a high fever (Figure 2). (medscape.com)
  • to be the causal agent of exanthema subitum. (nih.gov)
  • To evaluate the role of HHV-6 as the causal agent in clinically diagnosed exanthema subitum, we tested for HHV-6 antibody in 57 infants with clinical exanthema subitum and exanthema subitum-like rash without fever. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, antibody responses to human herpesvirus 7, another causal agent of exanthem subitum, were not found, and enteroviral RNA was not detected in myocardial tissues by reverse transcription PCR. (bmj.com)
  • You notice on inspection what we would call a macular exanthem, a rose-colored erythema with macules that blanch on palpation. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical manifestations of these 43 infants with serologically confirmed HHV-6 infection were consistent with the classical characteristics of exanthema subitum. (nih.gov)
  • It is named after Professor Koichi Yamanishi, who is the Director of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation in Japan and was the first to determine HHV-6 to be the cause of roseola or exanthema subitum in infants in 1988. (hhv-6foundation.org)
  • Two clinical observations, the association of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) with delayed engraftment after stem cell transplantation and thrombocytopenia concomitant with exanthema subitum, prompted us to evaluate the suppressive effects of HHV-6 on thrombopoiesis in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our results therefore show that the majority of cases with typical clinical manifestations of exanthema subitum had HHV-6 infection. (nih.gov)
  • We also tested the association between ocular findings with maternal exanthema, microcephaly, CZS and maternal infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gender. (bvsalud.org)
  • An example might be a febrile seizure in the course of exanthem subitum in a 14-month-old child. (cdc.gov)
  • A 5 month old girl had typical clinical features of acute myocarditis just after the febrile period of exanthem subitum and died immediately. (bmj.com)
  • Because skin eruptions appeared on her body after the fever subsided, she was diagnosed with exanthem subitum by the attending paediatrician (one day before admission). (bmj.com)
  • Exanthema Subitum" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • Serology versus clinical signs or symptoms and main laboratory findings in the diagnosis of exanthema subitum (roseola infantum). (nih.gov)
  • Exanthema subitum had been speculated to be a viral disease although its pathogen is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • But in terms of differentiating this from other types of viral exanthems, are there any other clues? (medscape.com)
  • We evaluated two groups with exanthema serving as a proxy for viremia: (i) children whose mothers had exanthema during pregnancy and (ii) children who had microcephaly without maternal exanthema during pregnancy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Attention should be paid to all children born during a ZIKV epidemic, regardless of maternal exanthema and/or microcephaly at birth. (bvsalud.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Exanthema Subitum" by people in this website by year, and whether "Exanthema Subitum" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)