A form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction.
Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.
The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.
A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.
Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)
The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.
A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.
Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.
Perception of three-dimensionality.
Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.
A pair of ophthalmic lenses in a frame or mounting which is supported by the nose and ears. The purpose is to aid or improve vision. It does not include goggles or nonprescription sun glasses for which EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICES is available.
The act of knowing or the recognition of a distance by recollective thought, or by means of a sensory process which is under the influence of set and of prior experience.
The turning inward of the lines of sight toward each other.
The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.
A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.

Clinical characteristics of CHARGE syndrome. (1/161)

CHARGE syndrome, first described by Pagon, was named for its six major clinical features. They are: coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development including CNS anomalies, genital hypoplasia and/or urinary tract anomalies, and ear anomalies and/or hearing loss. We experienced three cases of CHARGE syndrome who displayed ocular coloboma, heart defects, retarded growth and development, and external ear anomalies, and we also review the previously reported literature concerning CHARGE syndrome.  (+info)

Ophthalmological follow up of preterm infants: a population based, prospective study of visual acuity and strabismus. (2/161)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prematurely born infants are known to have an increased rate of ophthalmological morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate visual acuity and ocular alignment in a population of preterm infants in a geographical area, in infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A prospective population based study of ophthalmological status of preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less was performed during 3.5 years, with examinations at 6, 18, 30, and 42 months of corrected age. Visual acuity was tested using linear optotypes. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyse independent risk factors for poor vision and strabismus. RESULTS: Poor vision (< 0.3) was detected in 2.5% (6/237) of the children. Of these, only two (0.8%) had a severe visual impairment (< 0.1). Strabismus occurred in 13.5% (31/229). Children with cryotreated ROP and neurological complications ran the highest risk of poor vision and strabismus, according to multiple regression analysis. Among children without a history of ROP or neurological complications, 34% had a visual acuity < 0.7 and 5.9% had strabismus, compared with 61% and 22%, respectively, among the children with ROP or neurological complications. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of subnormal vision and strabismus in children born prematurely was higher than in a full term population of the same age. On the basis of this study, follow up of all preterm infants screened for ROP is recommended and general guidelines are suggested.  (+info)

Metabolic mapping of suppression scotomas in striate cortex of macaques with experimental strabismus. (3/161)

Misalignment of the ocular axes induces double vision and rivalry. To prevent these unpleasant sensations, most subjects fixate preferentially with one eye and suppress entirely the deviating eye or else suppress portions of the visual field of either eye. To explore the mechanism of visual suppression, a divergent strabismus (exotropia) was induced in six normal, adult Macaca fascicularis by disinserting the medial rectus muscles. After 4-8 weeks, each animal was chaired to measure its exotropia and to determine its ocular fixation preference. Five of the monkeys developed a clearly dominant eye. It was injected with [(3)H]proline. Alternate sections from flat-mounts of striate cortex were then processed either for autoradiography to label the ocular dominance columns or for cytochrome oxidase (CO) to assess local metabolic activity. Two CO patterns were seen, often in the same cortex. The first consisted of thin dark columns alternating with wide pale columns. This pattern arose from reduced CO activity in the suppressed eye's monocular core zones and both eyes' binocular border strips. The second pattern consisted of thin pale bands from reduced metabolic activity in both eyes' border strips. The thin dark-wide pale CO pattern was more widespread in the three animals with a strong fixation preference. The dark CO columns usually fit in register with the ocular dominance columns of the fixating eye, suggesting that perception was suppressed in the deviating eye. In most animals, however, the correlation switched in peripheral cortex contralateral to the deviating eye, implying local suppression of the fixating eye's temporal retina (beyond 10 degrees), as reported in humans with divergent strabismus. In the two animals with a weak fixation preference, pale border strips were found within the central visual field representation in both hemispheres. This CO pattern was consistent with alternating visual suppression. These experiments provide the first anatomical evidence for changes in cortical metabolism that can be correlated with suppression scotomas in subjects with strabismus.  (+info)

Waardenburg syndrome with anisocoria and exotropia. (4/161)

A case of Waardenburg syndrome with unusual features such as anisocoria, exotropia is reported.  (+info)

Conditions of perceptual selection and suppression during interocular rivalry in strabismic and normal cats. (5/161)

Presenting the two eyes with incongruent stimuli leads to the phenomenon of interocular rivalry. At any given time, one of the stimuli is perceptually suppressed in order to avoid double vision. In squinting subjects, rivalry occurs permanently also for congruent stimuli because of developmental rearrangement of cortical circuitry. In this study, we have investigated the dynamics and stimulus dependence of rivalry in six esotropic, four exotropic and three non-strabismic cats. As an indicator for perception, we used optokinetic nystagmus that was induced by moving gratings. The esotropic cats were tested for their visual acuity by means of a jumping stand procedure. The results show that one eye can dominate perception even if both eyes have equal visual acuity and are presented with stimuli of equal contrast. Strong eye dominance asymmetry was found in all but one of the tested cats. Notably, all three of the normal cats showed a clear asymmetry in perceptual selection. Measurements with varying contrast and velocity of the stimuli revealed that the influence of these parameters on perceptual selection was independent of the presence of strabismus. In all cats, the time during which a given eye dominated perception increased with the contrast and decreases with the velocity of the stimulus presented to this eye.  (+info)

Rapid anatomical plasticity of horizontal connections in the developing visual cortex. (6/161)

Experience can dramatically alter the responses of cortical neurons. During a critical period in the development of visual cortex, these changes are extremely rapid, taking place in 2 d or less. Anatomical substrates of these changes have long been sought, primarily in alterations in the principal visual input from the thalamus, but the significant changes that have been found take 1 week. Recent results indicate that the initial physiological changes in the cortical circuit take place outside of the primary input layer. We now find that rapid plasticity of binocular responses in the upper layers of cortex is mirrored by similarly rapid anatomical changes in the horizontal connections between ocular dominance columns in the upper layers, which reorganize within 2 d.  (+info)

Anomalies of binocular function in patients with longstanding asymmetric keratoconus. (7/161)

AIMS: To study binocular function in patients with longstanding asymmetric keratoconus. METHODS: In 20 adult patients with longstanding asymmetric keratoconus managed with a scleral contact lens a full clinical and orthoptic assessment was performed with and without the scleral contact lens in the poorer eye. RESULTS: All 20 patients had a corrected acuity of at least 6/9 in their better eye. With the scleral lens in situ the acuity of the poorer eye ranged from 6/6 to 6/60 and without the lens from 6/18 to hand movements. Patients were aged from 18 to 68 years and had worn a scleral contact lens for between 3 and 106 months. Without the contact lens in their poorer eye all patients had a small exotropia and all showed suppression, with the exception of one patient who had a right hypertropia with diplopia. With the scleral lens in situ 12 patients had an exophoria or esophoria, six a microexotropia, and two a manifest exotropia with suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Binocular function breaks down in some adult patients with longstanding asymmetric keratoconus. This is probably caused by longstanding unilateral visual deprivation. There are similarities to the breakdown of binocular function seen in some patients with a longstanding dense unilateral adult onset cataract who can develop intractable diplopia following cataract surgery.  (+info)

Saccadic binocular coordination in alternating exotropia. (8/161)

We studied the coordination of binocular eye movements in human subjects with alternating exotropia (divergent strabismus). Binocular saccades were recorded in six subjects during binocular and monocular viewing. Subjects were instructed to make saccades between two continuously lit targets (LED's) presented in an isovergence array (with the straight-ahead target 130 cm from the eyes) in a dimly lit room. For saccades up to 20 degrees amplitude, there were no large differences in the dynamics of the saccades between control and exotropic subjects. However, for larger amplitudes subjects frequently alternated the eye of fixation during saccades. That is, subjects fixated the left target with the left eye and the right target with the right eye. The alternation in eye fixation at the end of the saccade was taken into account in the programming of the saccades. The amplitudes of the alternating saccades were approximately equal to the target amplitude minus the strabismus angle. We conclude that for those saccades where alternation occurs, there is not only a change in the eye of fixation, but also a change in the target representation provided by either eye. Thus, in this group of strabismic patients, saccades may be programmed in a retina-centered coordinate system, if we assume that for making a saccade to a new target in the contralateral visual field its representation on the temporal retinal field of the currently fixating eye is suppressed and the retinotopic target information is derived from the non-fixating eye. In executing the saccade, the non-fixating eye automatically becomes the fixating eye.  (+info)

Exotropia is a type of ocular misalignment or strabismus, where one eye turns outward (towards the ear) while the other eye remains aligned straight ahead. This condition can be constant or intermittent and may result in limited or absent depth perception, double vision, and in some cases, amblyopia (lazy eye). Exotropia is typically diagnosed during childhood through a comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Treatment options include eyeglasses, prism lenses, vision therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity and frequency of the misalignment.

Ophthalmologic surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries performed on the eye and its surrounding structures by trained medical professionals called ophthalmologists. These procedures aim to correct or improve vision, diagnose and treat eye diseases or injuries, and enhance the overall health and functionality of the eye. Some common examples of ophthalmologic surgical procedures include:

1. Cataract Surgery: This procedure involves removing a cloudy lens (cataract) from the eye and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
2. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): A type of refractive surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea, correcting nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.
3. Glaucoma Surgery: Several surgical options are available for treating glaucoma, including laser trabeculoplasty, traditional trabeculectomy, and various drainage device implantations. These procedures aim to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent further optic nerve damage.
4. Corneal Transplant: This procedure involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea to restore vision and improve the eye's appearance.
5. Vitreoretinal Surgery: These procedures focus on treating issues within the vitreous humor (gel-like substance filling the eye) and the retina, such as retinal detachment, macular holes, or diabetic retinopathy.
6. Strabismus Surgery: This procedure aims to correct misalignment of the eyes (strabismus) by adjusting the muscles responsible for eye movement.
7. Oculoplastic Surgery: These procedures involve reconstructive, cosmetic, and functional surgeries around the eye, such as eyelid repair, removal of tumors, or orbital fracture repairs.
8. Pediatric Ophthalmologic Procedures: Various surgical interventions are performed on children to treat conditions like congenital cataracts, amblyopia (lazy eye), or blocked tear ducts.

These are just a few examples of ophthalmic surgical procedures. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual's condition and overall health.

The oculomotor muscles are a group of extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye. They include:

1. Superior rectus: This muscle is responsible for elevating the eye and helping with inward rotation (intorsion) when looking downwards.
2. Inferior rectus: It depresses the eye and helps with outward rotation (extorsion) when looking upwards.
3. Medial rectus: This muscle adducts, or moves, the eye towards the midline of the face.
4. Inferior oblique: The inferior oblique muscle intorts and elevates the eye.
5. Superior oblique: It extorts and depresses the eye.

These muscles work together to allow for smooth and precise movements of the eyes, enabling tasks such as tracking moving objects, reading, and maintaining visual fixation on a single point in space.

Esotropia is a type of ocular misalignment, also known as strabismus, in which one eye turns inward toward the nose. This condition can be constant or intermittent and may result in double vision or loss of depth perception. Esotropia is often classified based on its cause, age of onset, and frequency. Common forms include congenital esotropia, acquired esotropia, and accommodative esotropia. Treatment typically involves corrective eyewear, eye exercises, or surgery to realign the eyes.

Strabismus is a condition of the ocular muscles where the eyes are not aligned properly and point in different directions. One eye may turn inward, outward, upward, or downward while the other one remains fixed and aligns normally. This misalignment can occur occasionally or constantly. Strabismus is also commonly referred to as crossed eyes or walleye. The condition can lead to visual impairments such as amblyopia (lazy eye) and depth perception problems if not treated promptly and effectively, usually through surgery, glasses, or vision therapy.

Binocular vision refers to the ability to use both eyes together to create a single, three-dimensional image of our surroundings. This is achieved through a process called binocular fusion, where the images from each eye are aligned and combined in the brain to form a unified perception.

The term "binocular vision" specifically refers to the way that our visual system integrates information from both eyes to create depth perception and enhance visual clarity. When we view an object with both eyes, they focus on the same point in space and send slightly different images to the brain due to their slightly different positions. The brain then combines these images to create a single, three-dimensional image that allows us to perceive depth and distance.

Binocular vision is important for many everyday activities, such as driving, reading, and playing sports. Disorders of binocular vision can lead to symptoms such as double vision, eye strain, and difficulty with depth perception.

Vision tests are a series of procedures used to assess various aspects of the visual system, including visual acuity, accommodation, convergence, divergence, stereopsis, color vision, and peripheral vision. These tests help healthcare professionals diagnose and manage vision disorders, such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, amblyopia, strabismus, and eye diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration. Common vision tests include:

1. Visual acuity test (Snellen chart or letter chart): Measures the sharpness of a person's vision at different distances.
2. Refraction test: Determines the correct lens prescription for glasses or contact lenses by assessing how light is bent as it passes through the eye.
3. Color vision test: Evaluates the ability to distinguish between different colors and color combinations, often using pseudoisochromatic plates or Ishihara tests.
4. Stereopsis test: Assesses depth perception and binocular vision by presenting separate images to each eye that, when combined, create a three-dimensional effect.
5. Cover test: Examines eye alignment and the presence of strabismus (crossed eyes or turned eyes) by covering and uncovering each eye while observing eye movements.
6. Ocular motility test: Assesses the ability to move the eyes in various directions and coordinate both eyes during tracking and convergence/divergence movements.
7. Accommodation test: Evaluates the ability to focus on objects at different distances by using lenses, prisms, or dynamic retinoscopy.
8. Pupillary response test: Examines the size and reaction of the pupils to light and near objects.
9. Visual field test: Measures the peripheral (side) vision using automated perimetry or manual confrontation techniques.
10. Slit-lamp examination: Inspects the structures of the front part of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, and anterior chamber, using a specialized microscope.

These tests are typically performed by optometrists, ophthalmologists, or other vision care professionals during routine eye examinations or when visual symptoms are present.

Eye movements, also known as ocular motility, refer to the voluntary or involuntary motion of the eyes that allows for visual exploration of our environment. There are several types of eye movements, including:

1. Saccades: rapid, ballistic movements that quickly shift the gaze from one point to another.
2. Pursuits: smooth, slow movements that allow the eyes to follow a moving object.
3. Vergences: coordinated movements of both eyes in opposite directions, usually in response to a three-dimensional stimulus.
4. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): automatic eye movements that help stabilize the gaze during head movement.
5. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN): rhythmic eye movements that occur in response to large moving visual patterns, such as when looking out of a moving vehicle.

Abnormalities in eye movements can indicate neurological or ophthalmological disorders and are often assessed during clinical examinations.

Diplopia is a medical term that refers to the condition where a person sees two images of a single object. It is commonly known as double vision. This can occur due to various reasons, such as nerve damage or misalignment of the eyes. Diplopia can be temporary or chronic and can affect one or both eyes. If you're experiencing diplopia, it's essential to consult an eye care professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

Depth perception is the ability to accurately judge the distance or separation of an object in three-dimensional space. It is a complex visual process that allows us to perceive the world in three dimensions and to understand the spatial relationships between objects.

Depth perception is achieved through a combination of monocular cues, which are visual cues that can be perceived with one eye, and binocular cues, which require input from both eyes. Monocular cues include perspective (the relative size of objects), texture gradients (finer details become smaller as distance increases), and atmospheric perspective (colors become less saturated and lighter in value as distance increases). Binocular cues include convergence (the degree to which the eyes must turn inward to focus on an object) and retinal disparity (the slight difference in the images projected onto the two retinas due to the slightly different positions of the eyes).

Deficits in depth perception can occur due to a variety of factors, including eye disorders, brain injuries, or developmental delays. These deficits can result in difficulties with tasks such as driving, sports, or navigating complex environments. Treatment for depth perception deficits may include vision therapy, corrective lenses, or surgery.

Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.

Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.

It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.

Eyeglasses are a medical device used to correct vision problems. Also known as spectacles, they consist of frames that hold one or more lenses through which a person looks to see clearly. The lenses may be made of glass or plastic and are designed to compensate for various visual impairments such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, or presbyopia. Eyeglasses can be custom-made to fit an individual's face and prescription, and they come in a variety of styles, colors, and materials. Some people wear eyeglasses all the time, while others may only need to wear them for certain activities such as reading or driving.

Distance perception refers to the ability to accurately judge the distance or depth of an object in relation to oneself or other objects. It is a complex process that involves both visual and non-visual cues, such as perspective, size, texture, motion parallax, binocular disparity, and familiarity with the object or scene.

In the visual system, distance perception is primarily mediated by the convergence of the two eyes on an object, which provides information about its depth and location in three-dimensional space. The brain then integrates this information with other sensory inputs and prior knowledge to create a coherent perception of the environment.

Disorders of distance perception can result from various conditions that affect the visual system, such as amblyopia, strabismus, or traumatic brain injury. These disorders can cause difficulties in tasks that require accurate depth perception, such as driving, sports, or manual work.

Ocular convergence is the normal, inward movement of both eyes towards each other to focus on a nearby object. This coordinated action allows for single, clear vision (binocular vision) of the object. It is an important component of visual function and is controlled by the brain receiving input from the muscles that move the eyes.

Convergence insufficiency is a common condition where the eyes have difficulty maintaining alignment during close work, such as reading or using a computer. This can result in eye strain, double vision, and difficulty concentrating. Treatment for convergence insufficiency may include vision therapy, exercises to improve convergence ability, and/or the use of prism lenses.

Ocular fixation is a term used in ophthalmology and optometry to refer to the ability of the eyes to maintain steady gaze or visual focus on an object. It involves the coordinated movement of the extraocular muscles that control eye movements, allowing for clear and stable vision.

In medical terminology, fixation specifically refers to the state in which the eyes are aligned and focused on a single point in space. This is important for maintaining visual perception and preventing blurring or double vision. Ocular fixation can be affected by various factors such as muscle weakness, nerve damage, or visual processing disorders.

Assessment of ocular fixation is often used in eye examinations to evaluate visual acuity, eye alignment, and muscle function. Abnormalities in fixation may indicate the presence of underlying eye conditions or developmental delays that require further investigation and treatment.

Amblyopia is a medical condition that affects the visual system, specifically the way the brain and eyes work together. It is often referred to as "lazy eye" and is characterized by reduced vision in one or both eyes that is not correctable with glasses or contact lenses alone. This occurs because the brain favors one eye over the other, causing the weaker eye to become neglected and underdeveloped.

Amblyopia can result from various conditions such as strabismus (eye misalignment), anisometropia (significant difference in prescription between the two eyes), or deprivation (such as a cataract that blocks light from entering the eye). Treatment for amblyopia typically involves correcting any underlying refractive errors, patching or blurring the stronger eye to force the weaker eye to work, and/or vision therapy. Early intervention is crucial to achieve optimal visual outcomes.

Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition. "Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence of poor vision in one eye. ... Infantile exotropia (sometimes called "congenital exotropia") is seen during the first year of life, and is less common than " ... over 90 percent of children with intermittent exotropia become nearsighted by the time they reach 20. The causes of exotropia ... Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves ...
"Esotropia , Exotropia , Treatment Options , Strabismus". www.strabismus.org. Retrieved 2015-09-08. "Lazy eye (Amblyopia)". ...
Folk ER, Miller MT, Chapman L (1983). "Consecutive exotropia following surgery". Br J Ophthalmol. 67 (8): 546-8. doi:10.1136/ ... Folk ER (1956). "Surgical results in intermittent exotropia". Arch Ophthalmol. 55 (4): 767-9. doi:10.1001/archopht. ...
... similar to those with constant exotropia, intermittent exotropia, or convergence insufficiency. The likelihood was 2.6 times ... Types include esotropia, where the eyes are crossed ("cross eyed"); exotropia, where the eyes diverge ("lazy eyed" or "wall ... Children with strabismus, particularly those with exotropia, an outward turn, may be more likely to develop a mental health ... Plotnik JL, Bartiss MJ (October 13, 2015). "A-Pattern Esotropia and Exotropia". Medscape. Archived from the original on ...
Six women who might represent heterozygotes were found to have 8 to 10 low digital arches; 5 of these women had exotropia. A ... observed three brothers and a male cousin with mental retardation in association with exotropia, microcephaly, distal muscle ...
Yurdakul NS, Ugurlu S (2013). "Analysis of risk factors for consecutive exotropia and review of the literature". Journal of ... anisometropia may be one of the risk factors for developing consecutive exotropia and poor binocular function may be a risk ...
Exotropia is reported as having low correlation and high significance as well. It can be caused by perinatal hypoxia. ...
A cover test can tell you the extent of the eso/exo-tropia. Individuals can suffer from several tropias at once. In Graves ... For an abnormal result, based on where the light lands on the cornea, the examiner can detect if there is an exotropia ( ... In exotropia the light lands on the medial aspect of the cornea. In esotropia the light lands on the lateral aspect of the ...
If the eye moves from in to out, the person has exotropia. If it moved from out to in, the person has esotropia. People with ... constant unilateral esotropia or exotropia, amblyogenic bilateral isometropia, amblyogenic unilateral or bilateral astigmatism ... exotropia or esotropia are wall-eyed or cross-eyed respectively. These are forms of strabismus that can be accompanied by ...
Unlike exotropia, fusion is possible in this condition, causing diplopia to be uncommon. Exophoria is particularly common in ... The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia. Exophoria can be caused by several factors, ...
Koklanis K, Georgievski Z. Recurrence of intermittent exotropia: Factors associated with surgical outcomes. Clinical and ...
... success rates are higher for treating postoperative esotropia than for treating postoperative exotropia. It has also been ...
Zhang KK; Koklanis K; Georgievski Z (2007). "Intermittent exotropia: A review of the natural history and non-surgical treatment ... Fusional amplitude training is also designed to alleviate intermittent exotropia and other less common forms of strabismus. ...
... or exotropia (outward). In such a case while the fovea of one eye is directed at the object of regard, the fovea of the other ... "Analysis of Improvement Time and Influencing Factors of Diplopia after Intermittent Exotropia in Children". Journal of ...
N. Pellanda, D. S. Mojon: Combined horizontal rectus muscle minimally invasive strabismus surgery for exotropia. In: Can J ...
"Bilateral lateral rectus recession versus unilateral recession resection for basic intermittent exotropia: a meta-analysis". ... of bilateral lateral rectus recession and unilateral recession/resection of the later/medial recti for intermittent exotropia. ...
Esotropia, where the eye turns inwards, is more common than exotropia, where it turns outwards. Ptosis, or a drooping eyelid, ...
It is the opposite of exotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than esophoria. Esotropia is sometimes ... or following overcorrection of an initial exotropia in which case they are described as being "consecutive". The vast majority ...
... exotropia) and downward (hypotropia). The outward displacement occurs because the lateral rectus muscle (innervated by the ...
In a patient with an unsuppressed exotropia, the patient will see two lights with one line through each light. The line ...
... particularly infantile esotropia and exotropia. Because true hyperinnervation is not usually present, this phenomenon is better ...
Field expansion for homonymous hemianopia by optically induced peripheral exotropia. Optom Vis Sci 2000; 77:453-464. Prism ...
Exotropia typically results in the favoring of one eye, leading to vision resembling those seen when painted on a flat canvas. ... theorizing that the artist experienced intermittent exotropia (commonly called "walleye"), which is a type of strabismus-an eye ...
Because of poor health (he claimed that his poor eyesight and exotropia affected his balance) Sartre was released in April 1941 ... sensory exotropia). As a teenager in the 1920s, Sartre became attracted to philosophy upon reading Henri Bergson's essay Time ...
Other signs of TRPM3-related neurodevelopmental disorder are dysmorphic facial features, scoliosis, hip dysplasia, exotropia, ...
... exotropia, and esotropia. Those with MFS are also at a high risk for early glaucoma and early cataracts. The most serious signs ...
Atypical Gillespie syndrome associated with bilateral ptosis, exotropia, correctopia, iris hypoplasia, anterior capsular lens ...
The eyes were at an angle consistent with intermittent exotropia (deviated outward) which can alter the perception of people ...
Some overcorrections, such as exotropia (eyes deviated outward) following treatment for infantile esotropia, usually lead to ...
... and with a predisposition to exotropia and retinal detachment. Systemic manifestations: In the case of pathologies that affect ...
Intermittent exotropia is a fairly common condition. "Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence of poor vision in one eye. ... Infantile exotropia (sometimes called "congenital exotropia") is seen during the first year of life, and is less common than " ... over 90 percent of children with intermittent exotropia become nearsighted by the time they reach 20. The causes of exotropia ... Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia and usually involves ...
The term congenital exotropia is typically reserved for patients presenting in the first year of life with a large, constant ... with constant exotropia versus intermittent exotropia at presentation. [1] They found that "half of infantile exotropia ... True congenital exotropia (with a fixed exotropia) is an extremely rare form of strabismus and may occur with systemic disease ... There is a higher incidence of amblyopia in congenital exotropia than in other forms of exotropia. ...
Learn about Exotropia at online-medical-dictionary.org ... An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force ... Exotropia, Monocular. Exotropia, Primary. Exotropia, Secondary. Monocular Exotropia. Primary Exotropia. Secondary Exotropia. ... Exotropia. Synonyms. Alternating Exotropia. Divergent Strabismus. Exodeviation. Exodeviations. Exophoria. Exotropia, ...
Re(1): Decompensating exophoria vs intermittent exotropia - By Strab July 22, 2016 at 04:14:06 Post a reply: Name: ... Re(3): Decompensating exophoria vs intermittent exotropia - By Paediatric August 8, 2016 at 00:09:41 * ... Re(2): Decompensating exophoria vs intermittent exotropia. Posted on July 26, 2016 at 03:56:46 by strab doctor. These terms ...
Retrieved from "https://eyewiki.org/Special:WhatLinksHere/Intermittent_Exotropia". The Academy uses cookies to analyze ...
Evaluation of FD2 (Frisby Davis distance) stereotest in surgical management of intermittent exotropia ... Evaluation of FD2 (Frisby Davis distance) stereotest in surgical management of intermittent exotropia ... Evaluation of FD2 (Frisby Davis distance) stereotest in surgical management of intermittent exotropia ...
Learn more about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of exotropia. ... Exotropia is the opposite of crossed eyes - it causes the eyes to drift apart. ... Exotropia can occur in one or both eyes. Although exotropia can appear at any age, it commonly appears between the ages of one ... Complications of Exotropia. Untreated exotropia can lead to permanent vision loss in the form of amblyopia or damage to the eye ...
Posts about sensory exotropia written by Uday Devgan MD ... Tag: sensory exotropia. 1183: Beware of Sensory Exotropia. This ...
A type of exotropia where the deviation angle at near exceeds that at distance fixation, by ten or more prism diopters. ... A type of exotropia where the deviation angle at near exceeds that at distance fixation, by ten or more prism diopters.. ...
Yet where the evidence base for treatment options is limited, as with intermittent distance exotropia (X(T)), this presents a ... Treating childhood intermittent distance exotropia: a qualitative study of decision making. Lecouturier J., Clarke MP., ... Yet where the evidence base for treatment options is limited, as with intermittent distance exotropia (X(T)), this presents a ... Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Decision-Making, Exotropia, Female, Humans, Male, Oculomotor Muscles, Ophthalmologic ...
Exotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment), where one eye turns, or deviates, outward (away from the nose). The ... This type of exotropia can occur at any age.. Acquired exotropia. This type of exotropia is the result of a disease, trauma, or ... How can I prevent exotropia?. You cant prevent exotropia.. Outlook / Prognosis. What can I expect if I have exotropia?. The ... Types of Exotropia. It is generally classified by its type.. Congenital exotropia. Congenital exotropia is also called ...
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Exotropia is a form of strabismus which is an eye misalignment that turns either one or both of the eyes outward. It is thought ... Congenital exotropia is present at birth, whereas intermittent exotropia and sensory exotropia also exists in patients and can ... Congenital Exotropia. Either called infantile or congenital exotropia, this outward turning of the eyes occurs at birth or ... Intermittent Exotropia. This form of strabismus, intermittent exotropia, is not a constant drifting of the eyes(s) outwards. ...
... exotropia), aetiology and clinical assessment of strabismus (e.g. cover test). ...
More Exotropia Resources. *. Vision Therapy Prevents More Surgery Matts reading and schoolwork improved and he was able to ...
Biomechanical Analysis of X-Pattern Exotropia. We congratulate Brandner and associates for their article, "Biomechanical ... The article tries to compare 2 theories, indicating that either of these 2 are the only causes of X-pattern exotropia, thereby ... Jan 16, 2017 , Posted by drzezo in OPHTHALMOLOGY , Comments Off on Biomechanical Analysis of X-Pattern Exotropia ... However, after surgery, a significant residual exotropia was noted in many, particularly in downgaze. The above-mentioned ...
23PM and filed under exotropia, amblyopia, strabismus, vergence disorders, exotropia, divergence excess, strabismic, refractive ...
PURPOSE To investigate the cortical mechanisms that prevent diplopia in intermittent exotropia (X(T)) during binocular ... Awaya S, Nozaki H, Itoh T, Harada K. Studies of suppression in alternating constant exotropia and intermittent exotropia with ... Intermittent exotropia: a study of suppression in the binocular visual field in 21 cases. Binocular Vis Strabismus Q. 1992;7:25 ... Major review: intermittent exotropia; basic and divergence excess type. Binocular Vis Eye Muscle Surg Q. 1993;8:185-216. Pratt- ...
Eye Exotropia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. Understand drifting eyes and find effective solutions. Eye exotropia explained... ... Eye exotropia, also known as drifting eyes or outward deviation of the eyes, is a condition that affects the alignment of the ... Eye exotropia is a condition characterized by the outward deviation of one or both eyes. While the exact causes are not fully ... Eye exotropia is a type of strabismus, a condition characterized by misaligned eyes. While one eye looks straight ahead, the ...
Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia 의 이용 수, 등재여부, 발행기관, 저자, 초록, 목차, 참고문헌 등 논문에 관한 다양한 정보 및 관련논문 ... 대한안과학회 The Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.34 No.5 Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia ... Purpose: To determine whether contrast sensitivity (CS) can represent photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT) by ... and greater at intermediate spatial frequencies with a higher frequency of exotropia. Conclusions: The CS test could not ...
Suprasellar dermoid cyst presenting as acquired exotropia. Chun Ju Lin, Jieh Ren Jou, Lin Chung Woung, Yong Kwang Tu, Yung Ming ... Lin, CJ, Jou, JR, Woung, LC, Tu, YK, Jeng, YM & Chang, HC 2003, Suprasellar dermoid cyst presenting as acquired exotropia, ... Suprasellar dermoid cyst presenting as acquired exotropia. / Lin, Chun Ju; Jou, Jieh Ren; Woung, Lin Chung et al. In: Journal ... Suprasellar dermoid cyst presenting as acquired exotropia. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2003 Jan 1;40(1): ...
Exotropia is a type of strabismus in which the eyes are misaligned outward. Causes are unknown, the condition is more common in ... Exotropia may also be inherited.. Signs and Symptoms of Exotropia. The earliest telltale sign of exotropia is a noticeable ... Mechanical exotropia. Infantile Exotropia. Also known as congenital exotropia, this type begins during the first six months of ... There are two types of secondary exotropia - sensory and consecutive exotropia.. Sensory exotropia results from a sensory ...
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Snir M, Axer-Siegel R, Shalev B, Sherf I, Yassur Y. Slanted lateral rectus recession for exotropia with convergence weakness. ... Slanted lateral rectus recession for exotropia with convergence weakness. Moshe Snir*, Ruth Axer-Siegel, Benjamin Shalev, Ilana ... Snir, M., Axer-Siegel, R., Shalev, B., Sherf, I., & Yassur, Y. (1999). Slanted lateral rectus recession for exotropia with ... Snir, M, Axer-Siegel, R, Shalev, B, Sherf, I & Yassur, Y 1999, Slanted lateral rectus recession for exotropia with convergence ...
Exotropia sekundarioa[aldatu , aldatu iturburu kodea]. Ohikoagoa da helduaroan zehar. Estrabismo bereziak[aldatu , aldatu ... Exotropia[aldatu , aldatu iturburu kodea]. Estrabismo horizontal mota bat da, zeinetan bi begietako bat kanporantz ...
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Intermittent exotropia increasing with near fixation: A "soft" sign of neurological disease. / Phillips, Paul H.; Fray, K. J.; ... Intermittent exotropia increasing with near fixation: A "soft" sign of neurological disease. British Journal of Ophthalmology. ... Phillips, P. H., Fray, K. J., & Brodsky, M. C. (2005). Intermittent exotropia increasing with near fixation: A "soft" sign of ... Phillips, Paul H. ; Fray, K. J. ; Brodsky, M. C. / Intermittent exotropia increasing with near fixation : A "soft" sign of ...
The UAB School of Optometry is participating in the Vision Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia Study. Intermittent exotropia ( ...
Tatalaksana consecutive esotropia post surgical repair sensory exotropia. Januari 17, 2022. Januari 17, 2022. admin ...
Dr. Joshua Powell, MD is an ophthalmology specialist in Norman, OK and has over 21 years of experience in the medical field. He graduated from UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA / HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER in 2001. He is affiliated with medical facilities such as Integris Health Edmond and Integris Southwest Medical Center. His office accepts new patients.
  • Exotropia is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. (wikipedia.org)
  • True congenital exotropia (with a fixed exotropia) is an extremely rare form of strabismus and may occur with systemic disease in as many as 60% of patients. (medscape.com)
  • Exotropia is a common type of strabismus that occurs when misaligned eyes deviate outward. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Exotropia (also known as wall-eye or divergent strabismus) differs from its opposite form, esotropia (eye turns in toward nose), in that exotropic eyes point outward or away from the nose. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • But when there is a disruption and the muscles do not work together, some form of strabismus, including exotropia, may occur. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Exotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment), where one eye turns, or deviates, outward (away from the nose). (diseasesdic.com)
  • Exotropia is sometimes called wall-eyed (however this is technically reserved for a rare form of bilateral strabismus called internuclear ophthalmoplegia). (diseasesdic.com)
  • Strabismus can run in families, but just because your family member has exotropia doesn't mean you'll have it too. (diseasesdic.com)
  • All types of strabismus, including exotropia, are more common in people with handicaps, including Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy and craniofacial dysostosis. (diseasesdic.com)
  • Exotropia is a form of strabismus which is an eye misalignment that turns either one or both of the eyes outward. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • This form of strabismus, intermittent exotropia , is not a constant drifting of the eyes(s) outwards. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • If you have a family member with a form of exotropia or other type of strabismus, it makes sense to contact Vision For Life for a vision evaluation as soon as possible. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • Eye exotropia is a type of strabismus, a condition characterized by misaligned eyes. (lestta.com)
  • If a parent or close relative has eye exotropia or another type of strabismus, the risk of developing the condition increases. (lestta.com)
  • Exotropia refers to a type of strabismus in which the eyes diverge, or turn outward. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • When one or more of these muscles or the nerves controlling them fails to function properly, some form of strabismus, including exotropia, can occur. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Exotropia, or an outward turning eye, is another common type of strabismus. (fortworth2020.com)
  • Dr. Campolattaro has experience treating conditions like Strabismus, Exotropia and Esotropia among other conditions at varying frequencies. (sharecare.com)
  • Strabismus is of four types based on the direction the eye turns including esotropia, exotropia, hypertropia, hypotropia. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Exotropia (from Greek exo meaning "outward" and trope meaning "a turning"), also referred to as divergent squint, is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. (who.int)
  • Consecutive exotropia arises after an initial esotropia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consecutive exotropia may however also spontaneously develop from esotropia, without surgery or botulinum toxin treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prevalence of systemic and ocular disease in infantile exotropia: comparison with infantile esotropia. (medscape.com)
  • Not as common as the eyes crossing inward (esotropia), exotropia that develops in an infant can be associated with other pediatric conditions. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • One eye can either be intermittently or constantly turned inward (esotropia) or outward (exotropia). (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Secondary exotropia occurs as a side effect of some treatments for esotropia or results from a primary sensory deficit. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Consecutive exotropia occurs following optical or surgical correction of esotropia. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Conclusion In our study, we propose four mathematical models as potential instruments for EOM RsL, EOM RcL and PAD modelling in esotropia and exotropia surgery. (bmj.com)
  • Four mathematical models as potential instruments for extraocular muscle (EOM) resection length, EOM recession length and postoperative angle of deviation modelling in esotropia and exotropia surgery were developed. (bmj.com)
  • Alternate deviations or cases where the exotropia in far or the esotropia in near are more, preferably with bilateral surgery, and in cases of constant unilateral deviation, surgery will be performed on one eye. (who.int)
  • According to a study published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology, over 90 percent of children with intermittent exotropia become nearsighted by the time they reach 20. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aim: To examine the association of distance-near disparity with neurological disease in children with intermittent exotropia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of all children with intermittent exotropia examined at the Arkansas Children's Hospital between 1989 and 2002. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The study group consisted of children with intermittent exotropia who had a near deviation that exceeded the deviation at distance by at least 10 prism dioptres. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The control group consisted of children with intermittent exotropia who had a distance deviation greater than or equal to the deviation at near. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Infantile exotropia (sometimes called "congenital exotropia") is seen during the first year of life, and is less common than "essential exotropia" which usually becomes apparent several years later. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] They found that "half of infantile exotropia patients may present with intermittent exotropia, with similar clinical outcomes regardless of presentation. (medscape.com)
  • Long-term outcome of uncomplicated infantile exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • Infantile exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • also known as infantile exotropia) or acquired. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Congenital exotropia is also called infantile exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
  • Either called infantile or congenital exotropia , this outward turning of the eyes occurs at birth or early on in the baby's life. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • The term congenital exotropia is typically reserved for patients presenting in the first year of life with a large, constant angle. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with craniofacial syndromes, ocular albinism, midline defects, and cerebral palsy may present with congenital exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital exotropia is extremely rare in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • The worldwide incidence of congenital exotropia is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • There is a higher incidence of amblyopia in congenital exotropia than in other forms of exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • No known racial predisposition to congenital exotropia exists. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital exotropia presents in infants younger than 6 months. (medscape.com)
  • however, congenital exotropia does not occur at a higher rate in premature children. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital exotropia is present at birth, whereas intermittent exotropia and sensory exotropia also exists in patients and can be diagnosed at any age. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • Also known as congenital exotropia, this type begins during the first six months of life. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Patients with moderate or severe exophoria are more likely to develop intermittent exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
  • 2002. Jampolsky A. Differential diagnostic characteristics of intermittent exotropia and true exophoria. (ucm.es)
  • Sensory exotropia" occurs in the presence of poor vision in one eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the eye with poor or reduced eyesight is struggling to work with the other eye, the poorly seeing eye may have an inclination to drift in an outward direction, causing sensory exotropia . (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • Sensory exotropia results from a sensory deficit or impairment that causes a unilateral decrease in vision (poor vision in one eye). (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Quantifying variability in the measurement of control in intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
  • An office-based scale for assessing control in intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Improved assessment of control in intermittent exotropia using multiple measures. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Wang L, Zhao K. Hot topics in treatment of intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
  • An initial study of the treatment of intermittent exotropia by minus overcorrection. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Goodacre H. Minus overcorrection: conservative treatment of intermittent exotropia in the young child-a comparative study. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Survey of current management of intermittent exotropia in the USA and Canada. (jamanetwork.com)
  • A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. (wikipedia.org)
  • this is the most common form of exotropia. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • [ 1 ] In their study, they evaluated differences between infants, aged younger than 1 year, with constant exotropia versus intermittent exotropia at presentation. (medscape.com)
  • Stereopsis before and after surgical treatment for constant versus intermittent exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
  • Treating childhood intermittent distance exotropia: a qualitative study of decision making. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Yet where the evidence base for treatment options is limited, as with intermittent distance exotropia (X(T)), this presents a challenge for families and clinicians. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Intervention for intermittent distance exotropia with overcorrecting minus lenses. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The earliest sign of exotropia is usually a noticeable outward deviation of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • A type of exotropia where the deviation angle at near exceeds that at distance fixation, by ten or more prism diopters. (eyepatient.net)
  • Eye exotropia, also known as drifting eyes or outward deviation of the eyes, is a condition that affects the alignment of the eyes. (lestta.com)
  • Eye exotropia is a condition characterized by the outward deviation of one or both eyes. (lestta.com)
  • It is an acquired exotropia that manifests as an intermittent outward deviation of the eyes. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • There are individual reports on the effect of some preoperative characteristics of visual functions (like convergence, angle of deviation, presence of fusion and type of binocular vision) on the success of exotropia surgery. (ozhurnal.com)
  • Cooper J, Feldman J. Panoramic viewing, visual acuity of the deviating eye and anomalous retinal correspondence in the intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess type. (ucm.es)
  • Purpose: To compare bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) with unilateral recession and resection (RR) for divergence excess intermittent exotropia (IXT). (bvsalud.org)
  • Two weeks after the patient's initial presentation to the ED, we noted right exotropia in primary gaze. (aao.org)
  • Eye injuries, head trauma, and other general health conditions can also cause exotropia. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Health conditions like stroke or tumors can cause exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
  • Having low vision in your eye can cause exotropia. (diseasesdic.com)
  • However, after surgery, a significant residual exotropia was noted in many, particularly in downgaze. (entokey.com)
  • Patients with surgery success (postoperative orthotropes) were compared to those who had a residual exotropia of more than 10 prism diopters (PD) postoperatively in terms of the preoperative accommodative convergence-accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), distance stereopsis and near stereoacuity threshold. (ozhurnal.com)
  • In a 2008 study of 12 patients with intermittent exotropia treated with bilateral lateral rectus recession, stereoacuity, as seen in the late follow-up period, measured at 40 arcsec in 2 patients, 100 arcsec in 3 patients, 140-400 arcsec in 2 patients, and none in 5 patients. (medscape.com)
  • In children, untreated eye exotropia can lead to amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, where the brain suppresses the image from the misaligned eyes, causing reduced vision in that eye. (lestta.com)
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing eye exotropia and preventing complications such as amblyopia. (lestta.com)
  • An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle , which pulls the eye in an outward direction. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
  • Vision For Life has a variety of exercises and vision therapy treatments to treat convergence insufficiency (the inability for the eyes to work together) that occurs with exotropia . (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • Additionally in adults who have had exotropia since childhood, the brain may adapt to using a "blind-spot", whereby it receives images from both eyes, but no full image from the deviating eye, thus avoiding double vision, and in fact, increasing peripheral vision on the side of the deviating eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common forms of childhood exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases, the first signs of exotropia appear during childhood. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: a population-based study. (ucm.es)
  • Exotropia causes can include muscle imbalance, neurological issues, genetic factors, or underlying health conditions like brain disorders or trauma. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • At 4 years of age, she underwent right lateral rectus resection resulting in improved cosmesis and a small amount of consecutive exotropia. (uiowa.edu)
  • Khazaeni L, Volpe NJ: Adjustable medial rectus muscle resection in adult exotropia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Exotropia is an ocular misalignment often accompanied by double vision, abnormal eye movement of one or both eyes, impaired vision and discomfort. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Mechanical: Mechanical exotropia is caused by a restriction or tightness of the muscles controlling the eye (fibrosis of muscle tissue, thyroid myopathy) or a physical obstruction of the extraocular muscles (orbital fracture). (eyehealthweb.com)
  • vision therapy has shown promising results if the consecutive exotropia is intermittent, alternating, and of small magnitude. (wikipedia.org)
  • With vision therapy, the underlying cause of exotropia can be treated to improve the eye-brain connection and retrain the patient's visual skills needed for binocular vision. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • If you suspect that your child or loved one is suffering from exotropia , contact Vision For Life as soon as possible so that he/she can be properly diagnosed and begin to receive a personalized vision therapy treatment. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • The UAB School of Optometry is participating in the Vision Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia Study. (uab.edu)
  • People with exotropia often experience crossed diplopia. (wikipedia.org)
  • PURPOSE To investigate the cortical mechanisms that prevent diplopia in intermittent exotropia (X(T)) during binocular alignment (orthotropia). (ucm.es)
  • Suppression of physiologic diplopia in intermittent exotropia. (ucm.es)
  • Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of slanted recession of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle for exotropia (XT) with convergence weakness. (tau.ac.il)
  • Because of this, it is important to watch children for symptoms of all eye conditions, including exotropia. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Symptoms of exotropia may be exacerbated by prolonged reading, desk work, and computer use. (diseasesdic.com)
  • This type of exotropia is not as common and quite often, people that have it may have little or no symptoms. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • Other symptoms that may occur with exotropia include blurred vision, double vision, headaches, eye strain, inability to focus and a feeling of motion sickness. (visionforlifeworks.com)
  • In this article, we will explore eye exotropia, its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options to shed light on this mysterious condition. (lestta.com)
  • Sensory results after lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia operated before two years of age. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion: Intermittent exotropia increasing with near fixation is associated with neurological disease in children. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although the clinical data in this study seem to prove that only horizontal rectus muscle surgery is enough to treat X-pattern exotropia, the simulation model does not prove the same. (entokey.com)
  • In cases of severe or persistent eye exotropia, surgery may be recommended. (lestta.com)
  • To date, however, it has not been established what are the major diagnosis-related prognostic factors for the success of surgery for exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
  • To identify the preoperative characteristics of visual functions which have an effect on the success of surgery for exotropia. (ozhurnal.com)
  • Preoperative close to normal values of AC/A ratio (4.0 ± 1.65 PD/D), NPC (8.03 ± 3.02 cm), the presence of distance stereopsis and near stereopsis (passing the 200 second of arc image on the Lang II stereo card) and the absence of medial rectus hypofunction of hyperfunction can be the factors favoring the success of exotropia surgery. (ozhurnal.com)
  • The Success of Unilateral Surgery for Constant and Intermittent Exotropia and Factors Affecting It in a Large Scandinavian Case Series. (ozhurnal.com)
  • Visual suppression in intermittent exotropia during binocular alignment. (ucm.es)
  • Melek MD, Shokida MD, Dominguez MD, Zabalo MD. Intermittent exotropia: a study of suppression in the binocular visual field in 21 cases. (ucm.es)
  • Intermittent exotropia is detectable after six months of age, and is considered a progressive disorder that can lead to constant exotropia if left untreated. (eyehealthweb.com)
  • Awaya S, Nozaki H, Itoh T, Harada K. Studies of suppression in alternating constant exotropia and intermittent exotropia with reference to effects of fusional background. (ucm.es)
  • Of the 59 exotropes (age range, 10 to 21 years) included in this study, 33 had basic constant exotropia (group 1) and 26, intermittent exotropia (group 2). (ozhurnal.com)
  • Overcorrecting minus lens therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: should it be the first therapeutic choice? (jamanetwork.com)
  • Dans la présente étude de cohorte rétrospective, nous avons examiné le profil des patients atteints d'un strabisme vertical consultant en établissement de soins dans la ville de Yazd (République islamique d'Iran) et l'issue des interventions chirurgicales. (who.int)
  • L'étude des dossiers médicaux de 265 patients a mis en évidence une déviation verticale simple chez 19,2 % et un strabisme horizontal et vertical chez 80,8 % d'entre eux. (who.int)
  • Le dépistage, le diagnostic et la prise en charge précoces sont requis dans les familles affectées et chez les patients ayant des antécédents familiaux de strabisme. (who.int)
  • Of the 6 patients referred by both clinical and iCheckKids criteria, the diagnosis agreed in 5, but in 1 patient, the clinical examination identified astigmatism whereas iCheckKids identified exotropia. (medscape.com)
  • Generally, exotropia progresses in frequency and duration. (wikipedia.org)
  • ΔCS was smaller at intermediate spatial frequencies with better fusional ability, greater at high spatialfrequencies with photophobia, and greater at intermediate spatial frequencies with a higher frequency of exotropia. (kyobobook.co.kr)
  • This type of exotropia is the result of a disease, trauma, or other health condition, particularly those that affect the brain. (diseasesdic.com)
  • This is the most common type of exotropia, and it affects women more than men. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • She had bilateral adduction deficits, limitation in upgaze bilaterally, and an alternating exotropia. (aao.org)
  • Overminus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • A randomized trial evaluating short-term effectiveness of overminus lenses in children 3 to 6 years of age with intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • A randomized clinical trial of overminus spectacle therapy for intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Purpose: To determine whether contrast sensitivity (CS) can represent photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT) by comparingthe CS test with and without glare stimulus, and to analyze the factors of IXT affecting CS. (kyobobook.co.kr)