Cardiotocography
Pregnancy
Fetal Growth Retardation
Fetus
The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses of the immature fetal sheep to acute umbilical cord occlusion. (1/214)
1. In premature fetal sheep (89-93 days gestation) we examined the fetal response to asphyxia induced by 30 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion. Fetuses were also studied during the first 3 days after asphyxia. We measured heart rate, blood pressure, carotid and femoral blood flows, vascular resistance, electroencephalographic activity and cerebral changes in haemoglobin concentration by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 2. Fetuses tolerated 30 min of asphyxia and the cardiovascular response was characterized by three phases: initial redistribution of blood flow away from the periphery to maintain vital organ function, partial failure of this redistribution and near terminal cardiovascular collapse, with profound hypotension and cerebral and peripheral hypoperfusion. 3. Post-asphyxia carotid blood flow and NIRS data demonstrated that between 3-5 h there was a significant secondary reduction in cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygenation despite normal perfusion pressure and heart rate. There was also a secondary fall in femoral blood flow which persisted throughout recovery. 4. These data demonstrate that the immature fetus can survive a prolonged period of asphyxia, but paradoxically the capacity to survive exposes the fetus to profound hypotension and hypoperfusion. A secondary period of significant cerebral hypoperfusion and reduced oxygen delivery also occurred post-asphyxia. These cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses may contribute to the patterns of cerebral injury seen in the human preterm fetus. (+info)Visual function in term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic insults: correlation with neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. (2/214)
AIMS: To determine if there is any association between the findings of visual assessment performed at the age of 5 months and neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 2 years in children who have sustained hypoxic-ischaemic insults. METHODS: Twenty nine term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and/or brain lesions on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were prospectively evaluated. At 5 months of age all the infants had their visual function assessed using the Atkinson Battery of Child Development for Examining Functional Vision, which includes the assessments of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), acuity, visual fields, fixation shift and phase and orientation reversal visual evoked potentials. At 2 years of age the children had a structured neurological evaluation and a Griffiths developmental assessment. RESULTS: There was good correlation between the extent of the early detected visual impairment and both neuromotor and global development. Children with more than three out of five abnormal visual tests at 5 months of age tended to have abnormal neurological examination results and abnormal developmental quotients. Children with three or fewer abnormalities tended to have developmental quotients in the normal range; the level of their performance, however, was still related to the number of visual tests passed. CONCLUSIONS: Individual visual tests can provide important prognostic information. While abnormal OKN and acuity were always associated with abnormal outcome, normal results on visual evoked potentials and fixation shift tended to be associated with normal outcome. (+info)Does endothelin-1 reduce superior mesenteric artery blood flow velocity in preterm neonates? (3/214)
AIM: To compare plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations in preterm neonates from pre-eclamptic and normal mothers; and to evaluate whether ET-1 has a role in altered arterial blood flow velocity. METHODS: Umbilical arterial blood and neonatal arterial blood were sampled on days 1 and 3 for gas analysis and measurement of plasma ET-1. Doppler ultrasonography of the middle cerebral, renal, and superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) was performed. RESULTS: Neonates in the pre-eclampsia (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups had mean (SD) gestational ages of 31.1 (2.5) weeks and 30.4 (2.1) weeks; their birth-weights were 1432 (SD 676) g and 1692 (SD 500) g, respectively. In the pre-eclampsia group mean umbilical arterial PO2 was lower--1.88 (0.75) kPa compared with 3.27 (1.41) kPa (p < 0.01)--and mean plasma ET-1 concentration was higher in the umbilical artery--40.6 (SD 15.0) compared with 30.5 (SD 13.8) pg/ml (p = 0.04) and day 1 blood--54.9 (35.0) pg/ml compared with 33.6 (14.6) pg/ml (p = 0.03). Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity was higher and SMA time averaged, peak systolic, and mean peak velocities were lower in the pre-eclampsia group. SMA time averaged velocity was inversely related to plasma ET-1 concentration. CONCLUSION: The association between increased production of ET-1 and reduction in SMA time averaged velocity suggests a possible mechanism for hypoperfusion of the intestinal wall in neonates. (+info)Chronic hypoxemia: effects on developing nitrergic and dopaminergic amacrine cells. (4/214)
PURPOSE: Very low birth weight and growth-restricted children have visual impairments including reduced contrast sensitivity, a parameter mediated in part by dopaminergic amacrine cells. The origin of these deficits is uncertain. In experimental fetal growth restriction, induced by placental insufficiency, the morphology and number of dopaminergic amacrine cells as identified by tyrosine hydroxylase staining were examined. In addition, the subclass of nitrergic amacrine cells was examined because nitric oxide released from nitric oxide synthase- containing neurons is proposed as a mediator of neurotoxicity and might contribute to the injury of dopaminergic amacrine cells in this situation. METHODS: Fetal sheep were subjected to 20 or 30 days of placental embolization leading to fetal hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, and growth restriction during the last third of gestation (term, approximately 147 days). Retinal tissue was prepared as wholemounts or cryostat sections and analyzed for retinal area, total number, density, somal size and cell process length of amacrine cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase or nitric oxide synthase, and widths of retinal layers. Retinas from fetal sheep at 72, 96, 113, and 140 days' gestation and adults were collected for an ontogenetic study of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. RESULTS: In growth-restricted fetuses, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons and the total length of stained processes per cell were significantly reduced compared to control fetuses. The total number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase- containing neurons was not different between growth-restricted and control fetuses. The thickness of the inner retinal layers was reduced in hypoxemia. CONCLUSIONS: There is damage to tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive amacrine cells during fetal chronic placental insufficiency. This damage might be involved in the altered retinal dopaminergic system observed in very low birth weight infants, some of whom are growth-restricted. Furthermore, a differential susceptibility of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-containing amacrine cells to hypoxemic injury has been demonstrated. These observations add to the current hypothesis that neuronal nitric oxide synthase- containing neurons are resistant to hypoxemic injury and may be involved in mediating some of the neuronal damage that results from hypoxemic insults. (+info)Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in fetal sheep: adenosine receptor blockade. (5/214)
8-Phenyltheophylline (PT), a potent and specific inhibitor of adenosine receptors, was infused intra-arterially into unanesthetized fetal sheep to determine the role of adenosine in hypoxic inhibition of fetal breathing. PT in normoxic fetuses increased heart rate and the incidence of low-voltage electrocortical activity, rapid eye movements (REM), and breathing. Mean breath amplitude increased by 44%. Hypoxia (preductal arterial PO2 = 14 Torr) induced a metabolic acidemia, a transient bradycardia, and hypertension while virtually eliminating REM and breathing. PT administration during hypoxia enhanced the metabolic acidemia, blocked the bradycardia and hypertension, increased the incidence of REM and breathing, and elevated mean breath amplitude. The results indicate that 1) adenosine is involved in fetal glycolytic and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia, 2) activation of central adenosine receptors mediates about one-half the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on REM and breathing, and 3) the depression of breathing may critically depend on a hypoxia-induced reduction in phasic REM sleep. (+info)Measurement of the urinary lactate:creatinine ratio for the early identification of newborn infants at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. (6/214)
BACKGROUND: Newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia are prone to the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. There are no reliable methods for identifying infants at risk for this disorder. METHODS: We measured the ratio of lactate to creatinine in urine by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 6 hours and again 48 to 72 hours after birth in 58 normal infants and 40 infants with asphyxia. The results were correlated with the subsequent presence or absence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. RESULTS: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy did not develop in any of the normal newborns but did develop in 16 of the 40 newborns with asphyxia. Within six hours after birth, the mean (+/-SD) ratio of urinary lactate to creatinine was 16.75+/-27.38 in the infants who subsequently had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, as compared with 0.09+/-0.02 in the normal infants (P<0.001) and 0.19+/-0.12 in the infants with asphyxia in whom hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy did not develop (P<0.001). A ratio of 0.64 or higher within six hours after birth had a sensitivity of 94 percent and a specificity of 100 percent for predicting the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The sensitivity and specificity of measurements obtained 48 to 72 hours after birth were much lower. The mean ratio of urinary lactate to creatinine was significantly higher in the infants who had adverse outcomes at one year (25.36+/-32.02) than in the infants with favorable outcomes (0.63+/-1.50) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of the urinary lactate: creatinine ratio soon after birth may help identify infants at high risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. (+info)Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to moderate asphyxia in brain and skeletal muscle of late-gestation fetal sheep. (7/214)
The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolic and hemodynamic responses in two fetal tissues, hindlimb muscle and brain, to an episode of acute moderate asphyxia. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes in total hemoglobin concentration ([tHb]) and the redox state of cytochrome oxidase (COX) simultaneously in the brain and hindlimb of near-term unanesthetized fetal sheep in utero. Oxygen delivery (DO(2)) to, and consumption (VO(2)) by, each tissue was derived from the arteriovenous difference in oxygen content and blood flow, measured by implanted flow probes. One hour of moderate asphyxia (n = 11), caused by occlusion of the maternal common internal iliac artery, led to a significant fall in DO(2) to both tissues and to a significant drop in VO(2) by the head. This was associated with an initial fall in redox state COX in the leg but an increase in the brain. [tHb], and therefore blood volume, fell in the leg and increased in the brain. These data suggest the presence of a fetal metabolic response to hypoxia, which, in the brain, occurs rapidly and could be neuroprotective. (+info)Fetal complications of obstetric cholestasis. (8/214)
Among 56 pregnancies complicated by obstetric cholestasis five intrauterine deaths and one neonatal death occurred between 33 and 39 weeks, and a further six infants required urgent delivery for intrapartum asphyxia. Eighteen spontaneous premature deliveries occurred. Five mothers required specific treatment for unexplained postpartum haemorrhage. Cholestasis of pregnancy is therefore not a condition benign to the fetus, and it may contribute to increased maternal morbidity. (+info)Fetal hypoxia is a pathological condition defined as the deprivation of adequate oxygen supply to the fetus, which can lead to fetal distress, organ damage, and potentially long-term neurological impairments if not promptly treated.
Fetal hypoxia is a medical condition that refers to a reduced level of oxygen supply to the fetus. This can occur due to various reasons, such as maternal health problems, complications during pregnancy or delivery, or issues with the placenta. Prolonged fetal hypoxia can lead to serious complications, including brain damage and even fetal death. It is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor fetal oxygen levels during pregnancy and delivery to ensure the well-being of the fetus.
Cardiotocography (CTG) is a non-invasive test that monitors and records the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions, providing information about the fetus's well-being during pregnancy and labor.
Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technical means of monitoring the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during pregnancy, particularly during labor. It provides visual information about the fetal heart rate pattern and the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions. This helps healthcare providers assess the well-being of the fetus and the progression of labor.
The cardiotocograph records two main traces:
1. Fetal heart rate (FHR): It is recorded using an ultrasound transducer placed on the mother's abdomen. The normal fetal heart rate ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute. Changes in the FHR pattern may indicate fetal distress, hypoxia, or other complications.
2. Uterine contractions: They are recorded using a pressure sensor (toco) placed on the mother's abdomen. The intensity and frequency of uterine contractions can be assessed to evaluate the progression of labor and the effect of contractions on fetal oxygenation.
Cardiotocography is widely used in obstetrics as a non-invasive method for monitoring fetal well-being during pregnancy and labor. However, it should always be interpreted cautiously by healthcare professionals, considering other factors like maternal and fetal conditions, medical history, and clinical presentation. Overinterpretation or misinterpretation of CTG traces can lead to unnecessary interventions or delays in recognizing actual fetal distress.
'Pregnancy' is a physiological state characterized by the implantation and maintenance of a fertilized egg within the uterus, leading to the development and growth of a fetus until birth.
Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.
Fetal growth retardation, also known as intrauterine growth restriction, is a condition characterized by an estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile for gestational age, which may be associated with impaired health outcomes depending on the severity and underlying cause.
Fetal growth retardation, also known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is a condition in which a fetus fails to grow at the expected rate during pregnancy. This can be caused by various factors such as maternal health problems, placental insufficiency, chromosomal abnormalities, and genetic disorders. The fetus may be smaller than expected for its gestational age, have reduced movement, and may be at risk for complications during labor and delivery. It is important to monitor fetal growth and development closely throughout pregnancy to detect any potential issues early on and provide appropriate medical interventions.
A fetus is the developing offspring from the ninth week of pregnancy until birth, characterized by rapid growth and differentiation of organ systems. (Source: Moore et al., "The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology", 10th edition, p97)
A fetus is the developing offspring in a mammal, from the end of the embryonic period (approximately 8 weeks after fertilization in humans) until birth. In humans, the fetal stage of development starts from the eleventh week of pregnancy and continues until childbirth, which is termed as full-term pregnancy at around 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. During this time, the organ systems become fully developed and the body grows in size. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac and is connected to the placenta via the umbilical cord, through which it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Regular prenatal care is essential during this period to monitor the growth and development of the fetus and ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
'Cell Hypoxia' is a pathological state occurring when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen at the cellular level, which can lead to impaired cellular metabolism and function, and if prolonged, may result in severe damage or even cell death.
Cell hypoxia, also known as cellular hypoxia or tissue hypoxia, refers to a condition in which the cells or tissues in the body do not receive an adequate supply of oxygen. Oxygen is essential for the production of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. When the cells are deprived of oxygen, they switch to anaerobic metabolism, which produces lactic acid as a byproduct and can lead to acidosis.
Cell hypoxia can result from various conditions, including:
1. Low oxygen levels in the blood (hypoxemia) due to lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or high altitude.
2. Reduced blood flow to tissues due to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, peripheral artery disease, or shock.
3. Anemia, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
4. Carbon monoxide poisoning, which binds to hemoglobin and prevents it from carrying oxygen.
5. Inadequate ventilation due to trauma, drug overdose, or other causes that can lead to respiratory failure.
Cell hypoxia can cause cell damage, tissue injury, and organ dysfunction, leading to various clinical manifestations depending on the severity and duration of hypoxia. Treatment aims to correct the underlying cause and improve oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Anoxia is a serious condition characterized by a total absence or extremely low levels of oxygen in the blood, leading to hypoxic damage of tissues and organs, which can potentially result in severe impairment or failure of vital functions if not promptly treated and corrected.
Anoxia is a medical condition that refers to the absence or complete lack of oxygen supply in the body or a specific organ, tissue, or cell. This can lead to serious health consequences, including damage or death of cells and tissues, due to the vital role that oxygen plays in supporting cellular metabolism and energy production.
Anoxia can occur due to various reasons, such as respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, severe blood loss, carbon monoxide poisoning, or high altitude exposure. Prolonged anoxia can result in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, a serious condition that can cause brain damage and long-term neurological impairments.
Medical professionals use various diagnostic tests, such as blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry, and electroencephalography (EEG), to assess oxygen levels in the body and diagnose anoxia. Treatment for anoxia typically involves addressing the underlying cause, providing supplemental oxygen, and supporting vital functions, such as breathing and circulation, to prevent further damage.
Hypoxia (medical)
Intrauterine hypoxia, also known as fetal hypoxia, occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be ... Hypoxia may affect the whole body, or just some parts. The term generalized hypoxia may refer to hypoxia affecting the whole ... Circulatory hypoxia, also known as ischemic hypoxia or stagnant hypoxia is caused by abnormally low blood flow to the lungs, ... Silent hypoxia (also known as happy hypoxia) is generalised hypoxia that does not coincide with shortness of breath. This ...
Persistent fetal circulation
Treatment aims to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood and reverse any causes of hypoxia as well as gain adequate ... Persistent fetal circulation is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to ... Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 70 (2): F155-6. doi:10.1136/fn.70.2.f155. PMC 1061019. PMID 8154909. (Articles with short ... Persistent fetal circulation in neonates can be reversible or irreversible depending on the classified etiology listed above. ...
Fetal scalp blood testing
... an alternative to fetal scalp blood test that is less invasive, as a second-line test for fetal hypoxia and acid-base status. ... October 2022). "Digital fetal scalp stimulation (dFSS) versus fetal blood sampling (FBS) to assess fetal wellbeing in labour-a ... therefore the fetus is at an increased risk of hypoxia. This is considered as one of the causes of acute fetal hypoxia among ... fetal scalp testing can serve as second line test to provide and strengthen the information on fetal acidosis and hypoxia ...
Birth injury
Gunn, AJ; Bennet, L (2009). "Fetal hypoxia insults and patterns of brain injury: insights from animal models". Clin Perinatol. ... See Environmental toxins and fetal development. See Drugs in pregnancy. Genetic mutations can cause a wide variety of fetal ... Intrauterine hypoxia, or oxygen deprivation in the womb, can cause serious brain damage in the fetus. It most commonly occurs ... Brain damage may be caused by a number of factors, including fetal malformation due to genetic mutation or exposure to toxins, ...
Sarnat staging
Adapted from Cerebral hypoxia Sarnat H, Sarnat M. Neonatal encaphalopathy following fetal distress. Arch Neurol. 33:695 - 705. ...
Retinopathy of prematurity
Both oxygen toxicity and relative hypoxia can contribute to the development of ROP. By the fourth month of pregnancy, the fetal ... Persistent fetal vasculature that can cause a traction retinal detachment difficult to differentiate but typically unilateral. ... Restricting supplemental oxygen use reduces the rate of ROP, but may raise the risk of other hypoxia-related systemic ...
Chaos theory
Better models of warning signs of fetal hypoxia can be obtained through chaotic modeling. As Perry points out, modeling of ... Fetal surveillance is a delicate balance of obtaining accurate information while being as noninvasive as possible. ...
Polycythemia
Hypoxia can be either acute or chronic. Acute hypoxia can occur as a result of perinatal complications. Chronic fetal hypoxia ... Causes of neonatal polycythemia include: Hypoxia: Poor oxygen delivery (hypoxia) in utero resulting in compensatory increased ... Rare inherited mutations in three genes which all result in increased stability of hypoxia-inducible factors, leading to ... Examination of digits for erythromelalgia, clubbing or cyanosis can help assess for chronic hypoxia. Polycythemia is often ...
Carbon monoxide poisoning
... in pregnant women may cause severe adverse fetal effects. Poisoning causes fetal tissue hypoxia by ... Carbon monoxide also crosses the placenta and combines with fetal hemoglobin, causing more direct fetal tissue hypoxia. ... Additionally, fetal hemoglobin has a 10 to 15% higher affinity for carbon monoxide than adult hemoglobin, causing more severe ... The level of fetal morbidity and mortality in acute carbon monoxide poisoning is significant, so despite mild maternal ...
Maxillary hypoplasia
Ritchie, Helen E.; Oakes, Diana; Farrell, Emma; Ababneh, Deena; Howe, Andrew (September 2019). "Fetal hypoxia and hyperglycemia ... It is associated with Crouzon syndrome, Angelman syndrome, as well as Fetal alcohol syndrome. It can also be associated with ... Maxillary hypoplasia can be present as part of genetic syndromes such as Angelman syndrome.Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated ...
Thrombocytopenia
Most cases affect preterm birth infants and result from placental insufficiency and/or fetal hypoxia. Other causes, such as ... Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 83 (1): F48-F49. doi:10.1136/fn.83.1.F48. PMC 1721104. PMID 10873172. Kotiw M, Zhang GW, Daggard G ... Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 88 (5): F359-F364. doi:10.1136/fn.88.5.F359. PMC 1721612. PMID 12937037. Guida JD, Kunig AM, Leef ...
Inferior vena cava syndrome
In pregnant women, signs of fetal hypoxia and distress may be seen in the cardiotocography. This is caused by decreased ...
Respiratory disease
Risk factors include a diabetic mother, fetal hypoxia, precipitous delivery, and maternal high blood pressure. Its diagnosis is ... This causes hypoxia and respiratory acidosis which can lead to pulmonary hypertension. It has a ground glass appearance on an x ... Other risk factors include infant of a diabetic mother (IDM), method of delivery, fetal asphyxia, genetics, prolonged rupture ...
Fetal distress
"Intrapartal cardiotocographic patterns and hypoxia-related perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational ... Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension ... Fetal distress, also known as non-reassuring fetal status, is a condition during pregnancy or labor in which the fetus shows ... Due to its imprecision, the term "fetal distress" has fallen out of use in American obstetrics. The term "non-reassuring fetal ...
Uterine tachysystole
... this leads to progressive decrease in fetal oxygen saturation and fetal intracerebral oxygen saturation as fetal hypoxia occurs ... Fetal hypoxia is often associated with uterine tachysystole as well as neonatal brachial plexus injury.[citation needed] ... and this may result in fetal hypoxia and acidosis. This may have serious effects on both the mother and the fetus including ... there is less and less time for oxygen levels to be replenished which then leads to fetal hypoxia. This reduced relaxation ...
Cerebral hypoxia
Fetal distress being one of the most common signs of HIE or other oxygen-depriving event. Other problems during pregnancy may ... Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is ... Blood oxygen saturation may be used for hypoxic hypoxia, but is generally meaningless in other forms of hypoxia. In hypoxic ... There are four categories of cerebral hypoxia; they are, in order of increasing severity: diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal ...
Meconium aspiration syndrome
It is believed that foetal distress develops into foetal hypoxia causing the foetus to defecate meconium resulting in MSAF and ... main theories of meconium passage into amniotic fluid are caused by fetal maturity or from foetal stress as a result of hypoxia ... There may be an important association between foetal distress and hypoxia with MSAF. ... 4 of infants with MSAF are vigorous at birth and do not have any distress or hypoxia. Additionally, foetal distress occurs ...
TH (gene)
In response to fetal hypoxia, catecholamines can maintain glucose levels, but also naturally increases during gestation. ... Nurse, Colin A.; Salman, Shaima; Scott, Angela L. (2018-05-01). "Hypoxia-regulated catecholamine secretion in chromaffin cells ...
Phyllomedusa trinitatis
Hutter, Damian; Kingdom, John; Jaeggi, Edgar (2010). "Causes and Mechanisms of Intrauterine Hypoxia and Its Impact on the Fetal ... The mechanism by which embryos survive with potential hypoxia is unknown. P. trinitatis has no leaf preference when deciding on ...
Hypoxia-inducible factor
... and modest fetal hemoglobin expression in rhesus macaques". Blood. 110 (6): 2140-7. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-02-073254. PMC ... Hypoxia often keeps cells from differentiating. However, hypoxia promotes the formation of blood vessels, and is important for ... Acker T, Plate KH (2004). "Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) as important regulators of tumor physiology". Cancer ... The hypoxia in wounds also promotes the migration of keratinocytes and the restoration of the epithelium. It is therefore not ...
Contraction stress test
A positive CST indicates high risk of fetal death due to hypoxia and is a contraindication to labor. Patient's obstetricians ... This test assesses fetal heart rate in response to uterine contractions via electronic fetal monitoring. Uterine activity is ... Late decelerations in fetal heart rate occurring during uterine contractions are associated with increased fetal death rate, ... A CST is one type of antenatal fetal surveillance technique. During uterine contractions, fetal oxygenation is worsened. ...
Fetal circulation
If the problem is not corrected, the infant will undergo hypoxia, acidosis, and other serious complications, such as seizures. ... It is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive its blood through the fetal ... Remnants of the fetal circulation can be found in the adult. The core concept behind fetal circulation is that fetal hemoglobin ... The function of these shunts is to bypass the lungs and maintain proper circulation to important fetal tissue. In the fetal ...
Infantile hemangioma
Localized soft-tissue hypoxia coupled with increased circulating estrogen after birth may be the stimulus. Also, a hypothesis ... November 2006). ""(November 2006). "No evidence for maternal-fetal microchimerism in infantile hemangioma: a molecular genetic ... December 2007). ""(December 2007). "Hypoxia-induced mediators of stem/progenitor cell trafficking are increased in children ... was presented by researchers that maternal placenta embolizes to the fetal dermis during gestation, resulting in ...
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
The fetal dissociation curve is shifted to the left relative to the curve for the normal adult because of these structural ... It is an experimental drug intended to reduce tissue hypoxia. The effects appear to last roughly as long as the affected red ... Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is structurally different from normal adult hemoglobin (HbA), giving HbF a higher affinity for oxygen ... Typically, fetal arterial oxygen pressures are lower than adult arterial oxygen pressures. Hence higher affinity to bind oxygen ...
Cardiotocography
"Saltatory Pattern of Fetal Heart Rate during Labor Is a Sign of Fetal Hypoxia". Neonatology. 117 (1): 111-117. doi:10.1159/ ... "Saltatory Pattern of Fetal Heart Rate during Labor Is a Sign of Fetal Hypoxia". Neonatology. 117 (1): 111-117. doi:10.1159/ ... does not reliably predict fetal acidemia or hypoxia; lack of moderate baseline FHR variability may be a result of the fetal ... "Intrapartum zigzag pattern of fetal heart rate is an early sign of fetal hypoxia: A large obstetric retrospective cohort study ...
Barton Springs salamander
Hypoxia, a state of reduced oxygen, may hinder embryonic and fetal development as well as decrease oxygen consumption in adults ...
Hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy
GABA and taurine in the cortex and basal ganglia of fetal lambs during hypoxia-ischemia". Neuroscience Letters. 78 (3): 311-317 ... The effects of fetal asphyxia on the developing brain in sheep are dependent on gestational age with near term fetuses showing ... The fetal sheep asphyxia model also suggests a six-hour window post asphyxia in which hypothermia will have greatest benefit. ... They showed that at least some of the neural cell death caused by hypoxia-ischaemia is mediated by excess production of the ...
Placental disease
Baschat A, Hechert K (2004). "Fetal Growth Restriction due to Placental Disease". Seminars in Perinatology. 28 (1): 67-80. doi: ... which cause chronic hypoxia. The abnormal trophoblast invasion, lead to overall uteroplacental insufficiencies and ... Placental Disease can be diagnosed through technologies such as, Prenatal ultrasound evaluation and invasive foetal testing. ... Placental syndromes include pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, premature rupture of ...
Childhood acquired brain injury
It also excludes those resulting from birth traumas such as hypoxia or conditions such as foetal alcohol syndrome. It ... They could also be caused by infections such as septicaemia; events such as anoxia and hypoxia occasioned by strangulation or ... through hypoxia, excitotoxicity, free radical damage, and neuroinflammation after the primary injury. Even properties of these ...
Ming T. Tsuang
... infants with chronic fetal hypoxia-like symptoms did show a higher risk of cognitive impairment and psychotic disorders, ...
Asphyxia or just hypoxia? | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? |...
Hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm fetus targets subcortical motor pathways. After hypoxia-ischemia at E22, fetal rabbits ... Derrick M, He J, Brady E, Tan S (2001) The in vitro fate of rabbit fetal brain cells after acute in vivo hypoxia. J Neurosci 21 ... Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy?. ... Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? ...
"Insights image for "Evidence of increased hypoxia signalling in fetal liver from maternal nutrient restriction in mice"." by...
High-altitude ancestry protects against hypoxia-associated reductions in fetal growth | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
New York Fetal Hypoxia | New York City Medical Malpractice Attorney
New York Fetal Hypoxia New York Fetal Hypoxia ... New York Fetal Hypoxia. Fetal hypoxia occurs when the baby is ... Risk factors for fetal hypoxia. There are numerous factors that can put a baby at risk for fetal distress, including:. * ... be discussed with a New York fetal hypoxia lawyer if your baby sustained a severe birth injury as a result of fetal hypoxia. ... As a fetal hypoxia attorney in New York will explain, in order to prevail and win compensation, you must first prove that a ...
IP fetal hypoxia Archives - Meducination
Meducination is a global partnership to bring award winning online medical content and courses to the medical fraternity. We have partnered with some of the worlds leading and best online medical course providers to bring to you the largest medical eLearning initiative. Whether you are a Surgeon, Doctor, Nurse, Intern, Student, Hospital Management or Public Healthcare Worker; we have a course for you.. ...
Fetal brain sparing in a mouse model of chronic maternal hypoxia. - Oxford Neuroscience
This study examined the fetal hemodynamic responses to chronic hypoxia in an experimental mouse model of chronic maternal ... This demonstrates that brain sparing persists during chronic fetal hypoxia and is mediated by streaming, where highly ... hypoxia (11% O2 from E14.5 to E17.5). Using high-frequency Doppler ultrasound, we found fetal cerebral and ductus venosus blood ... However, hypoxia exposed fetuses were rendered vulnerable to an acute hypoxic challenge (8% O2 for 3 min), demonstrating global ...
Emergent Management of Abruptio Placentae: Overview, History, Physical Examination
Hypoxia (medical) - Wikipedia
Intrauterine hypoxia, also known as fetal hypoxia, occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen. It may be ... Hypoxia may affect the whole body, or just some parts. The term generalized hypoxia may refer to hypoxia affecting the whole ... Circulatory hypoxia, also known as ischemic hypoxia or stagnant hypoxia is caused by abnormally low blood flow to the lungs, ... Silent hypoxia (also known as happy hypoxia) is generalised hypoxia that does not coincide with shortness of breath. This ...
Visiting seminars by Florida, UT-Southwestern faculty highlight week's agenda - University of Mississippi Medical Center
Expression and distribution of glucocorticoid receptors in the ovine fetal adrenal cortex: effect of long-term hypoxia. |...
Expression and distribution of glucocorticoid receptors in the ovine fetal adrenal cortex: effect of long-term hypoxia.. Root, ... These data indicate that LTH alters GR-alpha function in the fetal adrenal cortex and suggest that GR-beta is not expressed in ... This study was designed to determine if long-term hypoxia (LTH) alters adrenal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the ... Ewes were maintained at 3820 m from approximately 30 to 138 to 140 days gestation, and fetal adrenals were collected. Western ...
Antenatal hypoxia and low IQ values
... and neonatal hypoxia are important causes of low IQ values. We analyzed prospectively collected pregnancy, perinatal, and ... We undertook analyses to determine if fetal, intrapartum, ... conditions that can produce subacute or chronic fetal hypoxia ... We undertook analyses to determine if fetal, intrapartum, and neonatal hypoxia are important causes of low IQ values. We ... The same was true for early pregnancy disorders that can produce acute fetal hypoxia. By contrast, antenatal disorders and ...
Hypoxia regulates insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 in human fetal hepatocytes in primary culture: Suggestive...
In addition, the data demonstrate that hypoxia up-regulates fetal hepatocyte IGFBP-1 mRNA steady-state levels and protein, with ... data support a role for the fetal liver as a source of elevated circulating levels of IGFBP-1 in fetuses with in utero hypoxia ... Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are key elements in fetal growth. IGF-I is a major ... In this study, we developed a protocol to establish highly pure primary cultures of human fetal hepatocytes in vitro and ...
Ferroptosis: past, present and future | Cell Death & Disease
Dr Ana-Mishel Spiroski (PhD, MSc, BSc, FHEA, CSCS) | The University of Edinburgh
Chronic fetal hypoxia disrupts the peri-conceptual environment in next-generation adult female rats 21 Feb 2019. In: The ... Accelerated Ovarian Ageing Induced by Chronic Fetal Hypoxia. (1 page) Mar 2017. In: Reproductive Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 95A-95A ... Chronic gestational hypoxia accelerates ovarian aging and lowers ovarian reserve in next-generation adult rats 19 Mar 2019. In ... Intrauterine intervention for the treatment of fetal growth restriction (11 pages) 2016. In: Current Pediatric Reviews, vol. 12 ...
The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III
Fetal distress--Signs indicating fetal hypoxia (deficiency in amount of oxygen reaching fetal tissues). NTNANEMI, NTINJURY, ... fetal abnormalities, and fetal lung maturity. Electronic fetal monitoring--Monitoring with external devices applied to the ... presentation and position of the fetal head to the maternal pelvis prevents dilation of the cervix and/or descent of the fetal ... was a fetal death, the plurality variable will still reflect the multiple pregnancy. NTOMAPSR and NTFMAPSR: One minute and Five ...
Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation of pregnant ewes on maternal and fetal pancreatic digestive...
Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation of pregnant ewes on maternal and fetal pancreatic digestive ... Melatonin protects mice with intermittent hypoxia from oxidative stress-induced pancreatic injury. Sleep and Biological Rhythms ... Effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation from mid-to-late gestation on maternal and fetal small intestinal ... Effects of Nutrient Restriction During Midgestation to Late Gestation on Maternal and Fetal Postruminal Carbohydrase Activities ...
Blood flow to fetal organs as a function of arterial oxygen content
... blood flow to fetal organs was studied 3 to 10 days after surgery by means of the microsphere technique over a range of fetal ... Blood flow to the fetal lungs decreased progressively with hypoxia. The blood flow to kidneys, digestive tract, pancreas, and ... Blood flow to fetal organs as a function of arterial oxygen content Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Nov 1;135(5):637-46. doi: 10.1016 ... In a sheep preparation the blood flow to fetal organs was studied 3 to 10 days after surgery by means of the microsphere ...
Eclampsia: Overview, Etiologic and Risk Factors for Preeclampsia/Eclampsia, Multiorgan System Effects
Placental infarcts, abruptio placentae, intrauterine growth retardation, and fetal hypoxia also contribute to fetal demise. [2 ... Fetal monitoring. Fetal heart rate and uterine contractions should be continuously monitored. Fetal bradycardia is common ... The interval from the onset of the seizure to the fall in the fetal heart rate is typically 5 minutes or less. Transitory fetal ... Fetal/neonatal mortality. The fetal mortality rate varies from 13-30% due to premature delivery and its complications. ...
Effects of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Primate Brain Development and Attempted Amelioration with Supplemental Choline or...
Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of ... supplements ordinarily thought to be neuroprotectant may actually worsen some of the adverse effects of nicotine on the fetal ... The fetal environment is hypoxic, and hypoxia is ineluctable during labor (Hanson et al, 1993; Lagercrantz and Slotkin, 1986; ... Similarly, the fetal cardiac lobe of the left lung and a section across the fetal left and right ventricle were taken from the ...
Hypoxia and Birth Injury Lawyers: How They Can Help You - Legal Reader
... especially hypoxia, when you consider the long-term financial cost of this injury. ... Fetal malnutrition. That said, lack of oxygen is one of the most common causes of birth injuries which could lead to brain ... What is Hypoxia?. Intrauterine hypoxia (IH) is a type of birth injury in which the fetus has been deprived of oxygen in the ... Hypoxia can have a deadly effect on the fetus or baby, especially if its not addressed quickly. Luckily, birth injury lawyers ...
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): Practice Essentials, Background, Genetics
The high rate of fetal loss is due to spontaneous abortion. Placenta previa and abruption are common due to hypoxia and ... Local tissue hypoxia, dehydration secondary to a viral illness, or nausea and vomiting, all of which lead to hypertonicity of ... Hypoxia also decreases nitric oxide production, thereby adding to the adhesion of sickle cells to the vascular endothelium. ... For the first 6 months of life, infants are protected largely by elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F). SCD usually ...
Jack Rychik, MD | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
... is Director of the Fetal Heart Program and the Fontan Rehabilitation, Wellness, Activity and Resilience Development (FORWARD) ... Chronic intrauterine hypoxia alters neurodevelopment in fetal sheep. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(5):1982-1991. ... Rychik J: "Utility of fetal echocardiography during invasive intrauterine fetal therapy" in Frontiers in Fetal Health, July ... Rychik J. "Principles of fetal counseling," "Fetal diagnosis and management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome," "Complex fetal ...
Pitocin (oxytocin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Fetal hypoxia. Perinatal hepatic necrosis. Fetal hypercapnia. Severe decreases in maternal systolic & diastolic blood pressure ... Intrauterine pressure, fetal heart rate. Prader-Willi Syndrome (Orphan). Orphan designation for treatment of Prader-Willi ... Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk.. B: May be acceptable. Either animal studies show no risk ... Unfavorable fetal positions or presentations, eg, transverse lies,which are undeliverable without conversion prior to delivery ...
Detail Natality, 1989-1990
Fetal distress.--Signs indicating fetal hypoxia (deficiency in amount of oxygen reaching fetal tissues). Abnormal Conditions of ... fetal abnormalities, and fetal lung maturity. Electronic fetal Monitoring.--Monitoring with external devices applied to the ... This definition distinguishes in precise terms a live birth from a fetal death (see section on fetal deaths in the Technical ... Fetal deaths are excluded. Live-birth order indicates what number the present birth represents; for example, a baby born to a ...
Total Flavonoids from Carya cathayensis Sarg. Leaves Alleviate H9c2 Cells Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via Effects on miR-21...
leaves alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and to explore potential mechanisms. H9c2 cells ... fetal bovine serum. Cells were maintained in a humidified incubator consisting of 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37°C. ... After hypoxia, the cells were reoxygenated under normoxic conditions (reoxygenation) for 12h in normal medium before they were ... leaves alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and to explore potential mechanisms. H9c2 cells ...
Noninvasive Fetal ECG: The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2013 v1.0.0
Fetal QT interval]:. Oudijk MA, Kwee A, Visser GH, Blad S, Meijboom EJ, Rosén KG. The effects of intrapartum hypoxia on the ... decelerations of fetal heart rate have been known to be associated with fetal distress. Intermittent observations of fetal ... Continuous FHR monitoring was expected to result in dramatic reduction of undiagnosed fetal hypoxia, but disillusionment ... Why are there separate events for fetal HR (1 and 4) and fetal RR (2 and 5)? How could there be any difference in the outcomes ...
PhD-students at the Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | Karolinska InstitutetRestrictionPregnancyFetusesElectronic fetal hearAntenatalIntrapartum fetalIntrauterineRisk for fetalEffects of hypoxiaManagement of fetalChronicHypoxicDistressPreeclampsiaOxygenationIntermittentDevelopmental HypoxiaEspecially hypoxiaAcidosisPregnanciesAnoxiaComplicationsGrowthPlacentalUteroAlleviateAbnormalInfantsPhysiologyTissuesSevereGestationOxygenMiceBirthMalformationLiverLungsPretermBaby'sAsphyxiaLawyerCardiovascularOccursNewbornOutcomeHeartPregnantHemoglobinResponsesNicotineArterialBrainCerebralPediatricDemonstrates
Restriction10
- Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can be a consequence of decreased uterine blood flow (uteroplacental insufficiency) and maternal and fetal hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
- Primiparous ewes ( n =32) were assigned to dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement to determine effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation on maternal and fetal pancreatic weight, digestive enzyme activity, concentration of insulin-containing clusters and plasma insulin concentrations. (cambridge.org)
- There is also a fetal manifestation of preeclampsia involving fetal growth restriction, reduced amniotic fluid, and abnormal fetal oxygenation. (medscape.com)
- Gestational hypoxia is a major contributor to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and perinatal morbidity and mortality and has been closely linked to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the placenta. (researchgate.net)
- Taking tolcapone in mid-gestation barely caused embryo lethality, however, the mice developed preeclampsia-like phenotypes, including maternal hypertension, proteinuria and fetal growth restriction. (biorxiv.org)
- Administration of tolcapone in animal gestation has been implicated in fetal growth restriction and malformation, however, the studies are rather limited and the pathogenesis is unknown 10 . (biorxiv.org)
- Review of the literature supports that despite the existence of complications unique to monochorionic twin gestations, dichorionic twins sustain an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome (such as fetal growth restriction) in comparison with singletons, and that close antenatal fetal surveillance of twins should be performed, irrespective of chorionicity. (thieme-connect.de)
- Both heterogeneity and tissue specialization of immune cells may hold the key to understanding the pathophysiology of some important pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is defined as the failure of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential. (elifesciences.org)
- it includes fetal growth restriction, facial and cardiovascular defects, and neurologic dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
- can cross the placenta, recreational use of marijuana use does not consistently appear to increase risk of congenital malformations or fetal growth restriction. (msdmanuals.com)
Pregnancy12
- Fetal hypoxia occurs when the baby is deprived of an adequate amount of oxygen during pregnancy. (1800nynylaw.com)
- Hypoxic stress is a common occurrence during human pregnancy, yet little is known about its effects on the fetal brain. (ox.ac.uk)
- The same was true for early pregnancy disorders that can produce acute fetal hypoxia. (nih.gov)
- Chronic fetal hypoxaemia is a common pregnancy complication that increases the risk of infants experiencing respiratory complications at birth. (researchgate.net)
- In turn, chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in animal models of hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascula. (researchgate.net)
- Reductions in uteroplacental flow initiate a cascade of molecular effects leading to hypoxia, thrombosis, inflammation, and endothelial cell dysfunction resulting in untoward pregnancy outcomes. (hindawi.com)
- Many OCs have been associated with schizophrenia, including complications during pregnancy, fetal and infant underdevelopment, and birth complications. (health.am)
- Pregnancy in young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) does not often occur, yet the medication in this condition is critical for maternal and fetal health. (biorxiv.org)
- Reginald Tucker] Cholera infections during pregnancy are associated with high rates of fetal death, especially when women are severely dehydrated. (cdc.gov)
- Although the relationship between fetal death and maternal age during cholera has not been documented, younger age is associated with increased risk for other adverse pregnancy outcomes. (cdc.gov)
- The relationship between fetal death and trimester of pregnancy is unclear. (cdc.gov)
- or methamphetamine have indirect fetal risks (eg, maternal stroke or death during pregnancy). (msdmanuals.com)
Fetuses6
- Preterm fetuses (67-70% gestation) were subjected to sustained global hypoxia. (jneurosci.org)
- Using high-frequency Doppler ultrasound, we found fetal cerebral and ductus venosus blood flow were both elevated by 69% and pulmonary blood flow was decreased by 62% in the fetuses exposed to chronic hypoxia compared to controls. (ox.ac.uk)
- However, hypoxia exposed fetuses were rendered vulnerable to an acute hypoxic challenge (8% O2 for 3 min), demonstrating global blood flow decreases consistent with imminent fetal demise rather than elevated cerebral blood flow. (ox.ac.uk)
- The data support a role for the fetal liver as a source of elevated circulating levels of IGFBP-1 in fetuses with in utero hypoxia and IUGR. (ox.ac.uk)
- Researchers at professor Soheli Ghaisi 's laboratory in the computer science and electrical engineering department have built a device to detect hypoxia in fetuses which can help decrease the number of unnecessary C-sections. (theaggie.org)
- We followed 112 fetuses with simultaneous continuous monitoring (cardiotocography (CTG), intrapartal fetal pulse oxymetry (IFPO), and analysis of ST segment in fetal electrocardiogram (STAN)) during labor. (prolekare.cz)
Electronic fetal hear2
- A widely used method of monitoring fetal distress is the use of an electronic fetal heart rate monitor. (1800nynylaw.com)
- ST segment analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram plus electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in labor and its relationship to umbilical cord arterial blood gases. (prolekare.cz)
Antenatal5
- Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. (jneurosci.org)
- These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
- By contrast, antenatal disorders and conditions that can produce subacute or chronic fetal hypoxia correlated with low IQ values. (nih.gov)
- These antenatal disorders and conditions were maternal gestational anemia, relative gestational hypotension, hypertension, multiple births, and fetal growth retardation. (nih.gov)
- Antenatal glucocorticoids accelerate fetal lung maturation and reduce mortality in preterm babies but can trigger adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. (researchgate.net)
Intrapartum fetal2
- There is significance to the findings or patterns on fetal heart tracings that are generally recognized as reflecting intrapartum fetal hypoxia and birth asphyxia (in other words, oxygen deprivation). (millerandzois.com)
- Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a Swedish randomised controlled trial. (prolekare.cz)
Intrauterine2
- Options for treating fetal distress include attempting intrauterine resuscitation by changing the mother's position, ensuring the mother is well-hydrated, ensuring the mother is adequately oxygenated, amnioinfusion to alleviate compression of the umbilical cord, tocolysis to stop contraction, or intravenous hypertonic dextrose. (1800nynylaw.com)
- Intrauterine hypoxia (IH) is a type of birth injury in which the fetus has been deprived of oxygen in the womb. (legalreader.com)
Risk for fetal1
- The risk for fetal death was highest in the third trimester, even after controlling for maternal age, dehydration level, and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
Effects of hypoxia1
- In this study, we developed a protocol to establish highly pure primary cultures of human fetal hepatocytes in vitro and investigated their expression of IGFBP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein and the effects of hypoxia on their expression of IGFBP-1 mRNA and protein. (ox.ac.uk)
Management of fetal1
- He is the author of a book entitled Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging: A Disease-Based Approach , which is considered one of the definitive texts on the subject of imaging and management of fetal heart disease. (chop.edu)
Chronic7
- Fetal brain sparing in a mouse model of chronic maternal hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
- This study examined the fetal hemodynamic responses to chronic hypoxia in an experimental mouse model of chronic maternal hypoxia (11% O2 from E14.5 to E17.5). (ox.ac.uk)
- This demonstrates that brain sparing persists during chronic fetal hypoxia and is mediated by "streaming," where highly oxygenated blood preferentially flows through the ductus venosus towards the cerebral circulation, bypassing the liver and the lungs. (ox.ac.uk)
- Despite this vulnerability, there were no differences in adult brain morphology in the mice exposed to chronic maternal hypoxia compared to controls. (ox.ac.uk)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Neuromuscular diseases or interstitial lung disease Malformed vascular system such as an anomalous coronary artery[citation needed] Hypoxemic hypoxia is a lack of oxygen caused by low oxygen tension in the arterial blood, due to the inability of the lungs to sufficiently oxygenate the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Developmental Programming of Pulmonary Hypertension by Isolated Chronic Prenatal Hypoxia. (ed.ac.uk)
- Accelerated Ovarian Ageing Induced by Chronic Fetal Hypoxia. (ed.ac.uk)
Hypoxic8
- Hypoxia can be due to external causes, when the breathing gas is hypoxic, or internal causes, such as reduced effectiveness of gas transfer in the lungs, reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, compromised general or local perfusion, or inability of the affected tissues to extract oxygen from, or metabolically process, an adequate supply of oxygen from an adequately oxygenated blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypoxic hypoxia, sometimes also referred to as generalised hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
- Generalised, or hypoxic hypoxia may be caused by: Hypoventilation - insufficient ventilation of the lungs due to any cause (fatigue, excessive work of breathing, barbiturate poisoning, pneumothorax, sleep apnea etc. (wikipedia.org)
- This definition overlaps considerably with that of hypoxic hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
- Developmental hypoxia has profound and persistent effects on the vertebrate cardiovascular system, but the nature, magnitude and long-term outcome of the hypoxic consequences are species-specific. (researchgate.net)
- These can be loosely defined as peripartum in nature, such as placental abruption, vasa praevia (a condition where fetal blood vessels cross the external orifice of the uterus and often rupture), or a hypoxic-ischemic event at birth ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
- If this message of declining oxygenation status and loss of fetal reserves is not heard, the fetus is at serious risk for experiencing hypoxic-ischemic injury. (millerandzois.com)
- However, neonatal A(1)R(-/-) mice appeared to have more frequently periods of apnea during hypoxia and in the post-hypoxic control period. (uni-regensburg.de)
Distress8
- This allows the doctor to quickly respond to fetal distress and avoid or minimize brain damage. (1800nynylaw.com)
- Fetal distress was defined multiparas. (who.int)
- Since the late 19th century, decelerations of fetal heart rate have been known to be associated with fetal distress. (physionet.org)
- What Is Fetal Distress? (millerandzois.com)
- Fetal distress means the womb has become a hostile environment. (millerandzois.com)
- What Are the Signs of Fetal Distress or a Non-Reassuring Heart Rate? (millerandzois.com)
- The main signs of fetal distress are fetal bradycardia or tachycardia, late, persistent, or variable decelerations, and the absence of beat to beat variability in the heart rate. (millerandzois.com)
- So many birth injury malpractice cases are the result of doctors and nurses going to extremes in the face of fetal distress. (millerandzois.com)
Preeclampsia1
- In mammals, this can occur as a result of maternal hypoxia, preeclampsia as well as anemia in the fetus resulting in less red blood cells that can carry oxygen. (scienceblogs.com)
Oxygenation3
- To improve blood oxygenation, infants at risk of hypoxia may be placed inside incubators that provide warmth, humidity, and supplemental oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypoxemia refers to a reduction in arterial oxygenation below the normal range, regardless of whether gas exchange is impaired in the lung, arterial oxygen content (CaO2 - which represents the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues) is adequate, or tissue hypoxia exists. (wikipedia.org)
- This treatment may be unnecessary, but it is given to mimic sea-level oxygenation and to promote the transition from fetal to adult physiology. (medscape.com)
Intermittent2
- Mild, non-damaging intermittent hypoxia is used intentionally during altitude training to develop an athletic performance adaptation at both the systemic and cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
- Intermittent observations of fetal heart sounds (auscultation) became standard clinical practice by the mid-20th century. (physionet.org)
Developmental Hypoxia1
- Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Adult Offspring Programmed by Developmental Hypoxia. (ed.ac.uk)
Especially hypoxia1
- Birth injuries can take a mental and financial toll on families, especially hypoxia. (legalreader.com)
Acidosis1
- Fetal death may occur due to fetal hypoxia and acidosis resulting from excessive maternal dehydration. (cdc.gov)
Pregnancies5
- IGFBP-1 is elevated in the fetal circulation of human and animal pregnancies complicated by IUGR caused by placental insufficiency and in utero hypoxia and is believed to restrict fetal growth by sequestering IGFs. (ox.ac.uk)
- Fetal death occurred in 141 of the 900 analyzed pregnancies, more often in women less than 20 years of age, in their third trimester, seeking treatment more than 24 hours after symptom onset, with severe dehydration or who vomited. (cdc.gov)
- Fetal death occurred in 141 of 900 pregnancies. (cdc.gov)
- Hypoxia index in the prediction of abnormal CTG at delivery in uncomplicated pregnancies. (nel.edu)
- Ropacka-Lesiak M, Korbelak T, Breborowicz G. Hypoxia index in the prediction of abnormal CTG at delivery in uncomplicated pregnancies. (nel.edu)
Anoxia1
- Hypoxia in which there is complete absence of oxygen supply is referred to as anoxia. (wikipedia.org)
Complications1
- Generalized hypoxia occurs in healthy people when they ascend to high altitude, where it causes altitude sickness leading to potentially fatal complications: high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). (wikipedia.org)
Growth3
- Slow fetal growth. (1800nynylaw.com)
- Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are key elements in fetal growth. (ox.ac.uk)
- Indeed, maternal ILC2s promote fetal growth and protect against fetal mortality upon systemic endotoxin challenge. (elifesciences.org)
Placental2
- The aim of the study was to investigate potential influence of placental tumors on fetal outcome. (nel.edu)
- Although effects are poorly understood, fetal vasoconstriction and hypoxia are likely, and there is a risk of stillbirth, placental abruption, and possibly congenital malformations. (msdmanuals.com)
Utero2
- In view of the major contribution of intrapartum risk factors and prematurity to subsequent neurological morbidity and mortality, studies are needed that address the underlying mechanisms of brain injury that occur in utero to the immature and near-term fetal CNS. (jneurosci.org)
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol exposure in utero increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, decreases birth weight, and can cause fetal alcohol syndrome, a constellation of variable physical and cognitive abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
Alleviate2
- In some situations the only option to alleviate fetal hypoxia is to deliver the baby via emergency c-section. (1800nynylaw.com)
- leaves alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and to explore potential mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Abnormal1
- Pulmonary hypoxia is hypoxia from hypoxemia due to abnormal pulmonary function, and occurs when the lungs receive adequately oxygenated gas which does not oxygenate the blood sufficiently. (wikipedia.org)
Infants3
- Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. (jneurosci.org)
- Hypoxia is a common complication of preterm birth in newborn infants. (wikipedia.org)
- Continuous FHR monitoring was expected to result in dramatic reduction of undiagnosed fetal hypoxia, but disillusionment rapidly set in as studies showed that the outputs of FHR monitors were often unreliable and difficult to interpret, resulting in increased rates of Caesarean deliveries of healthy infants, with little evidence that reductions in adverse outcomes were attributable to the use of FHR monitors. (physionet.org)
Physiology4
- Although hypoxia is often a pathological condition, variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr. Charles E. Wood, professor and chair of physiology and functional genomics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, will present "Hypoxia, Stress and Fetal Brain Inflammation: What's the Microbiome Got to Do with It? (umc.edu)
- Our understanding of fetal cardiovascular physiology has markedly increased in the last 50 years, with the introduction of suitable animal models. (researchgate.net)
- A new study published this month in American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology looked at what happens in the egg when a chicken fetus was exposed to low oxygen (hypoxia) conditions. (scienceblogs.com)
Tissues2
- Hypoxia exists when there is a reduced amount of oxygen in the tissues of the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. (nature.com)
Severe5
- On the other hand failure to monitor the baby despite the presence of risk factors may amount to medical negligence, and should be discussed with a New York fetal hypoxia lawyer if your baby sustained a severe birth injury as a result of fetal hypoxia. (1800nynylaw.com)
- If your baby suffered a severe injury such as brain damage due to fetal hypoxia, and you believe that it was caused by the negligence of your doctor, nurse or other medical professional, it is important that you have experienced representation. (1800nynylaw.com)
- The blood flow to kidneys, digestive tract, pancreas, and carcass had a tendency to remain constant or increase gradually in the transition from high to moderately low levels of arterial O2 content and then to decrease abruptly in more severe hypoxia. (nih.gov)
- Weak evidence of a difference in effect of severe dehydration and postadmission fetal death between TGs was potentially due to a lower rate among severely dehydrated women in TG2. (cdc.gov)
- Severe dehydration at admission increased risk of fetal death. (cdc.gov)
Gestation2
- In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)
- Ewes were maintained at 3820 m from approximately 30 to 138 to 140 days' gestation , and fetal adrenals were collected. (bvsalud.org)
Oxygen10
- Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypoxia differs from hypoxemia and anoxemia, in that hypoxia refers to a state in which oxygen present in a tissue or the whole body is insufficient, whereas hypoxemia and anoxemia refer specifically to states that have low or no oxygen in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypoxia also occurs in healthy individuals when breathing inappropriate mixtures of gases with a low oxygen content, e.g., while diving underwater, especially when using malfunctioning closed-circuit rebreather systems that control the amount of oxygen in the supplied air. (wikipedia.org)
- Lack of oxygen to the fetus, termed fetal hypoxia, likely is involved in many OCs associated with schizophrenia. (health.am)
- The fetal monitor really is mostly about oxygen. (millerandzois.com)
- If the fetal monitoring strips indicate that the baby does not have the oxygen it needs, doctors are often required to deliver the child right away by cesarean delivery because the baby cannot tolerate the hostile environment any longer. (millerandzois.com)
- Fetal hypoxia is a condition where the fetus is not delivered enough oxygen to continue growing. (theaggie.org)
- The transabdominal fetal pulse oximeter (TFO) i s used similarly to ultrasound transducers and generates a graphical user interface to calculate the oxygen saturation content, Kasap explained. (theaggie.org)
- Fetal Oxygen Sensor FS-14 Series. (prolekare.cz)
- Fetal Oxygen Sensor Placement Quick Guide. (prolekare.cz)
Mice2
- Under control conditions (21% O-2) and mild hypoxia (12-15% O-2) no difference of respiratory parameters was observed between adult wildtype (A(1)R(+/+)) and A(1)R(-/-) mice. (uni-regensburg.de)
- In neonatal mice, the respiratory response to hypoxia was surprisingly similar in both genotypes. (uni-regensburg.de)
Birth6
- Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is also associated with subsequent cerebral injury in a disproportionately high percentage of the survivors of premature birth ( Volpe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
- So if you have a child who has recently been injured by hypoxia, it's time to seek legal help from a professional birth injury attorney. (legalreader.com)
- These lawyers have experience handling cases involving hypoxia and other birth injuries. (legalreader.com)
- Most birth injury medical malpractice lawsuits involve interpretation of fetal monitoring strips. (millerandzois.com)
- It is the rare plaintiff's case that electronic fetal monitoring alone could have prevented the birth injury. (millerandzois.com)
- Fetal heart rate patterns and ECG ST segment changes preceeding metabolic acidaemia at birth. (prolekare.cz)
Malformation1
- Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a very rare fetal malformation caused by obstruction of fetal airway because of l. (nel.edu)
Liver2
- Consistent with these changes in blood flow, the fetal brain volume measured by MRI is preserved, while the liver and lung volumes decreased compared to controls. (ox.ac.uk)
- Hepatocyte cultures were characterized by immunocytochemistry and were compared with hepatocytes in situ in human fetal liver tissue, by immunohistochemistry, using specific antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence. (ox.ac.uk)
Lungs1
- Blood flow to the fetal lungs decreased progressively with hypoxia. (nih.gov)
Preterm1
- Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
Baby's3
- An electronic monitor alerts the doctor to hypoxia and the baby's response to hypoxia. (1800nynylaw.com)
- Moreover, the baby's kicks indicate good fetal health and development. (momjunction.com)
- Fetal heart rate monitoring is the process by which doctors and nurses use electronic devices to track the baby's heart rate in response to contractions during labor and delivery. (millerandzois.com)
Asphyxia1
- Asphyxia or just hypoxia? (bmj.com)
Lawyer2
- If your baby has brain damage from fetal hypoxia that you believe was caused by your doctor's negligence, immediately contact an experienced New York fetal hypoxia lawyer who will carefully review your medical records and explain your legal options. (1800nynylaw.com)
- In this article, you'll learn more about what exactly hypoxia is and how a lawyer can seek compensation for your case. (legalreader.com)
Cardiovascular1
- He serves on the editorial board of numerous national and international journals, and is a frequent lecturer and presenter at national and international pediatric cardiac conferences on complex cardiovascular disease in both fetal and pediatric patients. (chop.edu)
Occurs1
- As we have seen, this is precisely what occurs in individuals with a history of hypoxia-associated OCs, who typically have an earlier age of onset and more pronounced neuroanatomical abnormalities. (health.am)
Newborn1
- The nucleoside adenosine has been implicated in the regulation of respiration, especially during hypoxia in the newborn. (uni-regensburg.de)
Outcome1
- Thirty-six were excluded from analysis: 33 lacked fetal outcome data and 3 died. (cdc.gov)
Heart11
- Jack Rychik, MD, is Director of the Fetal Heart Program and the Fontan Rehabilitation, Wellness, Activity and Resilience Development (FORWARD) Program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. (chop.edu)
- As the Director of the Fetal Heart Program and the Fontan Rehabilitation, Wellness, Activity and Resilience Development (FORWARD) Program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Dr. Rychik specializes in the early detection and long-term treatment of complex forms of heart disease and developmental abnormalities. (chop.edu)
- The mission of the Fetal Heart Program is to offer compassionate, state-of-the-art care to the fetus and the family. (chop.edu)
- This year's challenge invites participants to develop software capable of detecting fetal QRS complexes in multichannel noninvasive ECG recordings, making accurate estimates of fetal heart rate, RR intervals, and QT intervals. (physionet.org)
- The first fetal heart rate (FHR) monitors were developed more than 50 years ago, and became widely available by the mid-1970s. (physionet.org)
- This allows the labor and delivery health care providers to follow the fetal heart rate and how it responds to contractions. (millerandzois.com)
- The question is whether the doctors listen to the baby talking to them with a non-reassuring fetal heart rate that suggests the fetus is not tolerating the labor and delivery process. (millerandzois.com)
- What Is Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring? (millerandzois.com)
- So a good OB will recognize and understand the significance of fetal heart tracing abnormalities such as bradycardia, tachycardia, late and variable decelerations and diminished or absent long term or short term variability. (millerandzois.com)
- 6. Kűhnert, M., Schmidt, S. Intrapartum management of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns: A randomized controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry. (prolekare.cz)
- STAN S21 fetal heart monitor for fetal surveillance during labor: an observational study in 637 patients. (prolekare.cz)
Pregnant2
- A total of 436 pregnant jeopardize maternal and fetal well-being women were recruited for the study who and in which there are no contraindications had a clinically unfavourable cervix and in- to the use of labour induction methods. (who.int)
- In April 2012, MSF established a CTC to improve fetal outcomes in pregnant women by facilitating intensive follow- up for dehydration and rapid access to obstetric and neonatal services. (cdc.gov)
Hemoglobin1
- The fetal hemoglobin may play a protective role against coronavirus in neonates. (thieme-connect.com)
Responses1
- However, the population living in the United States is genetically mixed and has varied responses to the added stress of altitude-induced hypoxia. (medscape.com)
Nicotine2
- Our results indicate that nicotine elicits neurodevelopmental damage that is highly selective for different brain regions, and that dietary supplements ordinarily thought to be neuroprotectant may actually worsen some of the adverse effects of nicotine on the fetal brain. (nature.com)
- Essentially, by providing excessive cholinergic stimulation throughout fetal life, nicotine discoordinates the numerous events in cell replication, differentiation and synaptic development that are necessary to the proper assembly of the mammalian brain. (nature.com)
Arterial1
- In a sheep preparation the blood flow to fetal organs was studied 3 to 10 days after surgery by means of the microsphere technique over a range of fetal arterial O2 content from 6 to 1 mM. (nih.gov)
Brain2
- Second, the larger amounts of tissue available from fetal monkey brain enables determinations to be carried out more readily in specified regions and subregions. (nature.com)
- Both infection and proinflammatory cytokines have been linked to increased fetal hypoxia, which has been associated with schizophrenia and many of the brain abnormalities linked to the disorder. (health.am)
Cerebral1
- Most previous studies have employed models of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in postnatal animals. (jneurosci.org)
Pediatric2
- Dr. Rychik has authored more than 250 peer-reviewed research publications, books, reviews, and chapters on fetal and pediatric cardiac disorders and treatment. (chop.edu)
- She's also the Associate Director for Maternal Fetal Health and Environment Program for the UCSF Pediatric and Environmental Health Specialty Unit, PEHSU, and a member of UCSF's program in reproductive health and environment. (cdc.gov)
Demonstrates1
- This study demonstrates that human fetal hepatocytes can be cultured in defined medium, as primary cultures with high purity, and that they express IGFBP-1 mRNA and secrete IGFBP-1 protein in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
