Fibrocystic Breast Disease
A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.
Breast
Adenofibroma
Fibroadenoma
Natural history of fibroadenomas based on the correlation between size and patient age. (1/234)
BACKGROUND: Several recent studies have reported that most fibroadenomas remain static or regress when they are managed conservatively; however, no such studies have evaluated the breast disorder in Japanese women. To understand the natural history of fibroadenomas in Japanese women, we examined the correlation between the sizes of the fibroadenomas and the women's age. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients (age range, 17-51 years; mean, 33.9 years) with histologically confirmed fibroadenoma were enrolled in this study. The sizes of the excised fibroadenomas were analyzed in relation to the women's ages. RESULTS: The fibroadenomas decreased significantly in size (Y, mm) with patient age (X, years) (P = 0.0012) according the equation Y = -0.340X + 27.0 (95% confidence limits for the slope, -0.139 to -0.540). From this equation, the mean sizes of the fibroadenoma in women aged 20, 30 and 40 years were expected to be 20.2 mm (95% confidence interval, 16.2-24.2 mm), 16.8 mm (95% confidence interval, 10.8-22.8 mm) and 13.4 mm (95% confidence interval, 5.4-21.4 mm), respectively. The mean annual decrease in the size of the fibroadenomas was 0.340 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that in Japanese women fibroadenomas increase in size more frequently in younger than in older women. Moreover, it is speculated that most fibroadenomas might stop growing when they reach an approximate maximum diameter of 20 mm, after which time they might remain static or regress. (+info)Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in detection of benign or malignant breast disease in women. (2/234)
Using a highly sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, we have evaluated the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a potential diagnostic test for differentiation between women with breast cancer and those with benign breast disease. In a controlled study consisting of 284 women with well-documented patient files and matched for age and long-term place of residence, serum samples collected from 90 women with histologically confirmed breast cancer, 94 women with benign breast disease and 100 controls were analysed. Serum total PSA levels in benign breast disease and cancer patients are not statistically different from those of healthy controls. Total PSA levels decrease with age in normal controls and breast cancer patients but not in those with benign breast disease. The total PSA concentration decreases after menopause in healthy women, though not in patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease. Total PSA bore no relation to the histological type or grade of the tumour or the disease stage of the breast cancer patients. In benign breast disease, all mastopathy patients had normal total PSA, whereas elevation of the values was observed in 7% of fibroadenoma patients. Our results show that serum total PSA cannot be used to distinguish between healthy women and/or women with breast cancer or benign breast disease. (+info)Vascular stroma formation in carcinoma in situ, invasive carcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma of the breast. (3/234)
The generation of vascular stroma is essential for solid tumor growth and involves stimulatory and inhibiting factors as well as stromal components that regulate functions such as cellular adhesion, migration, and gene expression. In an effort to obtain a more integrated understanding of vascular stroma formation in breast carcinoma, we examined expression of the angiogenic factor vascular permeability factor (VPF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); the VPF/VEGF receptors flt-1 and KDR; thrombospondin-1, which has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis; and the stromal components collagen type I, total fibronectin, ED-A+ fibronectin, versican, and decorin by mRNA in situ hybridization on frozen sections of 113 blocks of breast tissue from 68 patients including 28 sections of breast tissue without malignancy, 18 with in situ carcinomas, 56 with invasive carcinomas, and 8 with metastatic carcinomas. A characteristic expression profile emerged that was remarkably similar in invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and metastatic carcinoma, with the following characteristics: strong tumor cell expression of VPF/VEGF; strong endothelial cell expression of VPF/VEGF receptors; strong expression of thrombospondin-1 by stromal cells and occasionally by tumor cells; and strong stromal cell expression of collagen type I, total fibronectin, ED-A+ fibronectin, versican, and decorin. The formation of vascular stroma preceded invasion, raising the possibility that tumor cells invade not into normal breast stroma but rather into a richly vascular stroma that they have induced. Similarly, tumor cells at sites of metastasis appear to induce the vascular stroma in which they grow. We conclude that a distinct pattern of mRNA expression characterizes the generation of vascular stroma in breast cancer and that the formation of vascular stroma may play a role not only in growth of the primary tumor but also in invasion and metastasis. (+info)Enhanced apoptotic response to photodynamic therapy after bcl-2 transfection. (4/234)
Apoptosis is a cellular death process involving the sequential activation of a series of caspases, endonucleases, and other enzymes. The initiation of apoptosis can be inhibited by overexpression of bcl-2 and certain other members of a related family of proteins. We examined the effects of bcl-2 overexpression on the apoptotic response to photodynamic therapy (PDT), using aluminum phthalocyanine as the photosensitizing agent. In this study, we compared the immortalized human breast epithelial cell line MCF10A with a subline (MCF10A/bcl-2) transfected with the human bcl-2 gene. The latter was approximately 2-fold more sensitive to the phototoxic effects of PDT. At a 50 mJ/cm2 light dose, photodamage to MCF-10A/bcl-2 resulted in a greater loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (delta(psi)m), enhanced release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, a more rapid and greater activation of caspase-3, and a greater apoptotic response. Western blot analysis revealed that the transfected cell line showed overexpression of both bcl-2 and bax, and that PDT caused selective destruction of bcl-2, leaving bax unaffected. The greater apoptotic response by the transfected line is, therefore, attributed to the higher bax:bcl-2 ratio after photodamage. (+info)Human mammary gland and breast carcinoma contain immunoreactive inhibin/activin subunits: evidence for a secretion into cystic fluid. (5/234)
OBJECTIVE: Inhibins and activins are members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and are known to modulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types. The present study investigated the localization of inhibin and activin subunits in human normal and pathological breast tissues. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study comparing the expression of inhibin/activin subunits alpha, betaA and betaB in surgical specimens from women undergoing reductive mammoplasty (classified, according to the phase of the menstrual cycle, as follicular, luteal, or postmenopausal), and patients submitted to lumpectomy for fibrocystic disease, benign (intraductal papilloma, adenomyoepithelioma, and hamartoma) or malignant breast neoplams (intraductal, intralobular, and invasive carcinoma). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to localize inhibin alpha and activin betaA and betaB subunits in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of mammary glands. Dimeric activin A, inhibin A and inhibin B were measured by specific two-site enzyme immunoassay in the cystic fluid collected from patients with fibrocystic disease. RESULTS: An intense staining for the alpha inhibin subunit and a mild staining for betaA and betaB subunits were present in samples obtained from normal breast tissue regardless of menstrual cycle phase, and in fibrocystic disease and benign neoplasms. Carcinoma cells stained weakly to moderately for alpha subunit and were negative for betaA and betaB subunits. Fibrocystic disease was associated with absence of betaA subunit expression in normal epithelial cells and intense staining for all subunits in the apocrine cells. Immunoreactive inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A were also present in cystic fluid, suggesting a local secretion of these proteins. CONCLUSION: These data suggest a local expression and secretion of inhibin and activin in human normal, fibrocystic disease and neoplastic breast tissues. The low expression of these proteins may facilitate abnormal cell proliferation in breast carcinoma. (+info)Teaching family practice residents breast cyst aspiration. (6/234)
OBJECTIVE: To conduct the first study of teaching family practice residents the technique of breast cyst aspiration (BCA) using the Toronto Breast Cyst Aspiration Model (TBCAM) in a workshop. To determine whether this training increases their likelihood of performing the procedure in the future. To discover how residents evaluate the workshop as a teaching method. DESIGN: Prospective parallel-group trial from August to November 1997. Baseline questionnaires were given to both experimental and control groups in August. The experimental group was given a 1.5-hour workshop and a postworkshop questionnaire. Both groups were then given 3-month follow-up questionnaires. SETTING: Family practice residency program at the University of Toronto. PARTICIPANTS: The experimental group consisted of 15 family practice residents from one university-affiliated hospital site. The control group consisted of 54 family practice residents selected from the remaining sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Confidence score, likelihood of performing BCA, and effectiveness of the workshop rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1-low to 5-high; and knowledge of BCA rated from 0 to 7. RESULTS: Three months after the workshop, 62% of study subjects and 31% of controls were above the median confidence score of 3.2 (chi 2 3.4, P > .05); 76% of subjects but only 11% of controls were above the median knowledge score of 4 (chi 2 16.67, P < .001); and 75% of subjects and 34% of controls were above the median likelihood to perform score of 3 (chi 2 5.37, P < .05). Most (95%) workshop effectiveness scores were 4s or 5s. CONCLUSIONS: Workshop training resulted in higher confidence, greater knowledge, and more likelihood of performing BCA. The workshop using the TBCAM was evaluated as a highly effective way to teach BCA. (+info)Management of palpable breast lumps. Consensus guideline for family physicians. (7/234)
OBJECTIVE: To describe an approach to managing women who present with palpable breast lumps. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Databases were searched from 1990 to 1998 using the search terms breast lumps, breast diseases, and breast cysts. Bibliographies of the articles obtained were searched for further relevant titles. Most evidence on management of breast cysts was obtained from cohort studies. Evidence on family physicians' approach to managing breast lumps is based on a review of the 1998 Canadian consensus guidelines and a review of a 1998 consensus guideline by 12 University of Toronto surgical oncologists (U of T guidelines). MAIN MESSAGE: Family physicians can manage women presenting with breast lumps if they have skill in breast cyst aspiration. Most breast cysts can be cured in minutes, thus avoiding unwarranted anxiety and eliminating unnecessary additional investigations and referrals. Women presenting with solid lesions should be referred to a surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cyst aspiration is a simple technique family physicians can use to either cure breast lumps or define appropriate cases for referral. (+info)Human glandular kallikrein in breast milk, amniotic fluid, and breast cyst fluid. (8/234)
BACKGROUND: Human glandular kallikrein (hK2) belongs to the serine protease family of enzymes and has high sequence homology with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The physiological role of hK2 has not as yet been determined, but there is evidence that it can regulate the proteolytic activity of PSA through processing and activating pro-PSA, an inactive precursor. Thus, it is conceivable that these two secreted proteins may coexist in biological fluids. Currently, hK2 is considered an androgen-regulated and prostate-specific protein. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hK2 is expressed in the breast cancer cell line T-47D after stimulation by steroid hormones, and we reported that hK2 can be detected in a subset of breast tumor extracts. These data suggest that hK2 may be expressed in tissues other than the prostate, such as those in which PSA has already been detected. Because hK2 is a secreted protein, it may be present in various biological fluids. METHODS: We analyzed milk samples from lactating women, amniotic fluid from pregnant women, and breast cyst fluid from patients with gross breast cystic disease, using a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for hK2. RESULTS: hK2 was present in all three biological fluids. We suggest that the female breast may produce hK2 and provide evidence that hK2 may have value as an additional marker for the discrimination between type I and type II breast cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The female breast produces hK2 in addition to PSA. More studies are necessary to establish the role of this kallikrein in nondiseased breast, gross breast cystic disease, and breast cancer. (+info)Fibrocystic breast disease is a common, benign condition characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts and fibrous tissue in the breasts, leading to symptoms such as breast pain, tenderness, lumpiness, and nodularity, typically following a cyclical pattern related to hormonal fluctuations.
Fibrocystic breast disease, also known as fibrocystic change or chronic cystic mastitis, is not actually a disease but a condition that affects many women at some point in their lives. It is characterized by the formation of benign (non-cancerous) lumps or cysts in the breasts, often accompanied by breast pain, tenderness, and swelling.
The condition is caused by hormonal fluctuations that affect the breast tissue, making it more prone to developing fibrous tissue and fluid-filled sacs called cysts. Fibrocystic breast changes are usually harmless and do not increase the risk of breast cancer. However, in some cases, they can make it harder to detect early signs of breast cancer through mammography or self-examination.
The symptoms of fibrocystic breast change may vary from woman to woman and can range from mild to severe. They tend to be more noticeable just before a woman's menstrual period and may improve after menopause. Treatment options for fibrocystic breast changes include pain relievers, hormonal medications, and lifestyle modifications such as reducing caffeine intake and wearing a well-supportive bra. In some cases, draining or removing the cysts may be necessary to alleviate symptoms.
'Breast diseases' is a broad term that refers to various medical conditions affecting the breast tissue, including both benign and malignant growths, infections, inflammation, congenital abnormalities, and vascular disorders, which can manifest as lumps, pain, skin changes, or nipple discharge.
Breast diseases refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the breast tissue. These can be broadly categorized into non-cancerous and cancerous conditions.
Non-cancerous breast diseases include:
1. Fibrocystic breast changes: This is a common condition where the breast tissue becomes lumpy, tender, and sometimes painful. It is caused by hormonal changes and is most common in women aged 20 to 50.
2. Mastitis: This is an infection of the breast tissue, usually occurring in breastfeeding women. Symptoms include redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the affected area.
3. Breast abscess: This is a collection of pus in the breast tissue, often caused by bacterial infection. It can be painful and may require surgical drainage.
4. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors made up of glandular and fibrous tissue. They are usually round, firm, and mobile, and can be removed if they cause discomfort.
5. Intraductal papillomas: These are small, wart-like growths that occur in the milk ducts. They may cause nipple discharge, which can be bloody or clear.
Cancerous breast diseases include:
1. Breast cancer: This is a malignant tumor that starts in the breast tissue. It can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. There are several types of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, and inflammatory breast cancer.
2. Paget's disease of the nipple: This is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and areola. It can cause symptoms such as redness, itching, burning, and flaking of the nipple skin.
3. Phyllodes tumors: These are rare breast tumors that can be benign or malignant. They usually grow quickly and may require surgical removal.
It is important to note that not all breast lumps are cancerous, and many non-cancerous conditions can cause breast changes. However, any new or unusual breast symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out serious conditions such as breast cancer.
In human anatomy, a breast is the frontal part of the female thorax containing the mammary gland that produces milk for infant nutrition, surrounded by fatty and connective tissues, and covered externally by the nipple and areola.
The breast is the upper ventral region of the human body in females, which contains the mammary gland. The main function of the breast is to provide nutrition to infants through the production and secretion of milk, a process known as lactation. The breast is composed of fibrous connective tissue, adipose (fatty) tissue, and the mammary gland, which is made up of 15-20 lobes that are arranged in a radial pattern. Each lobe contains many smaller lobules, where milk is produced during lactation. The milk is then transported through a network of ducts to the nipple, where it can be expressed by the infant.
In addition to its role in lactation, the breast also has important endocrine and psychological functions. It contains receptors for hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which play a key role in sexual development and reproduction. The breast is also a source of sexual pleasure and can be an important symbol of femininity and motherhood.
It's worth noting that males also have breast tissue, although it is usually less developed than in females. Male breast tissue consists mainly of adipose tissue and does not typically contain functional mammary glands. However, some men may develop enlarged breast tissue due to conditions such as gynecomastia, which can be caused by hormonal imbalances or certain medications.
Adenofibroma is a rare, benign tumor characterized by the proliferation of both glandular and fibrous elements, most commonly found in the skin and soft tissues, but can also occur in the major salivary glands.
Adenofibroma is a rare, benign tumor that occurs most commonly in the salivary glands. It is composed of both glandular tissue (adeno-) and fibrous tissue (-fibroma). These tumors are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body.
Adenofibromas can also occur in other areas of the body, such as the skin, where they may be referred to as "fibroepithelial polyps" or "skin tags." In general, adenofibromas are not cancerous and can often be removed surgically. However, it is important to have any new growths or lumps evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of treatment.
A fibroadenoma is a benign, slow-growing breast lump that consists of glandular and connective tissue, often described as having a well-circumscribed, rubbery or firm feel, and typically occurring in women of reproductive age.
A fibroadenoma is a benign (noncancerous) breast tumor that is most commonly found in women between the ages of 15 and 35, although it can occur at any age. It is composed of glandular and connective tissue. The tumor typically feels firm, smooth, and rubbery, and its size may vary from quite small to over 2 inches in diameter.
Fibroadenomas are usually mobile within the breast tissue, which means they can be moved around easily when touched. They can occur as a single lump or multiple lumps (known as fibroadenomatosis). The exact cause of fibroadenomas is not known, but hormonal factors may play a role in their development.
Fibroadenomas are generally not painful, although some women may experience discomfort or tenderness, especially before their menstrual period. In most cases, fibroadenomas do not require treatment and can be monitored with regular breast exams and imaging studies such as mammography or ultrasound. However, if a fibroadenoma grows larger or becomes uncomfortable, it may be removed through a surgical procedure.
'Breast neoplasms' are abnormal growths in the breast tissue, which can be benign or malignant, with the malignant form being classified as breast cancer.
Breast neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the breast tissue that can be benign or malignant. Benign breast neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors or growths, while malignant breast neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Breast neoplasms can arise from different types of cells in the breast, including milk ducts, milk sacs (lobules), or connective tissue. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts and can spread to other parts of the breast and nearby structures.
Breast neoplasms are usually detected through screening methods such as mammography, ultrasound, or MRI, or through self-examination or clinical examination. Treatment options for breast neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.
A Breast Cyst is a discrete, round or oval fluid-filled mass in the breast tissue that forms within the glandular structures and is commonly benign, often detected as a palpable lump or identified through imaging studies like mammography or ultrasound.
A breast cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms within the breast tissue. It is a common, benign (non-cancerous) condition and can affect people of any age, but it is more commonly found in women between the ages of 35 and 50. Breast cysts can vary in size and may be asymptomatic or cause discomfort or pain, especially just before menstruation.
Breast cysts are usually diagnosed through a physical examination, breast ultrasound, or mammography. In some cases, a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may be performed to drain the fluid from the cyst and confirm the diagnosis. If the cyst is small, causes no symptoms, and appears benign on imaging studies, then further treatment may not be necessary. However, if the cyst is large, painful, or has concerning features on imaging studies, then additional diagnostic tests or drainage procedures may be recommended.
It's important to note that while breast cysts are generally harmless, they can sometimes mimic the symptoms of breast cancer. Therefore, any new or unusual changes in the breast should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Fibrocystic breast changes
Fibrocystic breast disease is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms, clinical breast exam and physical exam. During this ... Fibrocystic breast changes is a condition of the breasts where there may be pain, breast cysts, and breast masses. The breasts ... It is not a disease but represents normal breast changes. Diagnosis involves ruling out breast cancer. Fibrocystic changes ... "Fibrocystic Breast Condition".2010/04/13, MedicineNet.com "Fibrocystic Breast Condition". Archived from the original on 2010-02 ...
Breast cyst
... s can be part of fibrocystic disease. The pain and swelling is usually worse in the second half of the menstrual ... A breast cyst is a cyst, a fluid-filled sac, within the breast. One breast can have one or more cysts. They are often described ... Signs and symptoms of breast cysts include: A smooth, easily movable round or oval breast lump with distinct edges Breast pain ... "Risk of breast cancer in women with palpable breast cysts: a prospective study. Edinburgh Breast Group". Lancet. 353 (9166): ...
ZBED1
Fibrosclerosis of Breast being heavily related to breast disease and non-proliferative fibrocystic change of the best. However ... This disease is known to be a non-proliferative fibrocystic that changes the breast as a result of containing scar tissue. ... other compatible disease that are also related diseases include; breast cancer, mastitis, gynecomastia, breast fibroadenoma, ... All diseases ranging with scores 10.0 to 9.7 and non-proliferative fibrocystic that changes the breast having the highest ...
Robert Benjamin Greenblatt
He also showed that the drug Danazol was useful in the management of endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease. Greenblatt's ... His first assignment was to quell a venereal disease epidemic spreading among sailors in Savannah, Ga. He helped develop mass ... a widely endemic venereal disease. In 1943 he volunteered for military service and served as a Commander and Senior Medical ...
Erich Lexer
Lexer is also credited as the first physician to advocate subcutaneous mastectomy for treatment of fibrocystic breast disease. ...
Mojisola Adeyeye
Controlled Release Pharmaceutical Preparation for Treatment of Endometriosis and Fibrocystic Breast Disease., U.S. Patent No. ...
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
... fibrocystic breast disease, adenosis, and breast pain. In addition, hydroxyprogesterone caproate is used in the treatment of ... Hydroxyprogesterone caproate by itself has been found to have little or no effectiveness in the treatment of breast cancer in ... Geller J, Volk H, Lewin M (October 1961). "Objective remission of metastatic breast carcinoma in a male who received 17-alpha ... Initial research based on limited clinical data reported that the breast-cancer response rate with a combination of estradiol ...
Danazol
... fibrocystic breast disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, premenstrual syndrome, breast pain, and hereditary angioedema. ... fibrocystic breast disease, hereditary angioedema and other conditions. It is taken by mouth. The use of danazol is limited by ... In addition, breast atrophy and decreased breast size may occur. The drug may also cause hot flashes, elevation of liver ... Danazol has been studied in the treatment of breast cancer in women, but produced relatively low response rates of about 15 to ...
Vitex negundo
... fibrocystic breast disease and post-partum remedies. "Vitex negundo L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural ...
Iodine in biology
... sometimes manifesting as fibrocystic breast disease, when iodine level is low. Studies indicate that iodine deficiency, either ... Venturi, S.; Grotkowski, CE; Connolly, CP; Ghent, WR (2001). "Is there a role for iodine in breast diseases?". The Breast. 10 ( ... Smyth PP (2003). "Role of iodine in antioxidant defence in thyroid and breast disease". BioFactors (review). 19 (3-4): 121-30. ... Smyth, PP (2003). "Role of iodine in antioxidant defence in thyroid and breast disease". BioFactors. 19 (3-4): 121-30. doi: ...
List of MeSH codes (C17)
... breast MeSH C17.800.090.500.762 - phyllodes tumor MeSH C17.800.090.750 - fibrocystic breast disease MeSH C17.800.090.875 - ... breast cyst MeSH C17.800.090.500 - breast neoplasms MeSH C17.800.090.500.260 - breast neoplasms, male MeSH C17.800.090.500.390 ... Fox-Fordyce disease MeSH C17.800.946.743 - sweat gland neoplasms The list continues at List of MeSH codes (C18). (Wikipedia ... skin diseases, viral MeSH C17.800.838.790.260 - erythema infectiosum MeSH C17.800.838.790.290 - exanthema subitum MeSH C17.800. ...
Bralessness
She claimed that due to medication utilised to treat an acute fibrocystic disease her skin and breasts had become sensitive and ... as bras supporting larger breasts tend to fit tighter than those worn by women with smaller breasts. Women with large breasts ... Women with large breasts who stop wearing a bra may experience improved blood flow more quickly than women with smaller breasts ... Young girls may begin to develop breasts as early as age 9 or as late as 18. The early stage of breast development is known as ...
Breast pain
... engorgement fibroadenoma fibrocystic breast changes fibromyalgia gastroesophageal reflux disease herpes infection hormone ... Breast pain is the symptom of discomfort in either one or both breasts. Pain in both breasts is often described as breast ... Breast pain is one of the most common breast symptoms, along with breast masses and nipple discharge. Breast pain linked to the ... Breast pain that is not linked to a menstrual cycle is called noncyclic breast pain. Noncyclical breast pain has various causes ...
Duct ectasia of breast
... used to describe special cases of fibrocystic diseases or mastalgia or as a wastebasket definition of benign breast disease. ... In some contexts, it was used to describe a particular form of nonpuerperal mastitis coincident with fibrocystic disease, ... Duct widening with associated periductal fibrosis is frequently included in the wastebasket definition of fibrocystic disease. ... Periductal mastitis, comedo mastitis, secretory disease of the breast, plasma cell mastitis and mastitis obliterans are ...
Pharmacokinetics of progesterone
Conversely, transdermal progesterone has been found to be almost completely ineffective in fibrocystic breast disease, breast ... to be highly effective in the treatment of benign breast disease, to significantly decrease breast nodularity, and to almost ... When transdermal progesterone is applied to the breasts, high concentrations within breast tissue have been observed. In one ... topical gel formulation of progesterone for local use on the breasts is approved to treat breast pain under the brand name ...
Breast disease
Also called: fibrocystic breast disease, chronic cystic mastitis, diffuse cystic mastopathy, mammary dysplasia These may be ... A majority of breast diseases are noncancerous. A breast tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue in the breast as a result of ... Breast diseases make up a number of conditions. The most common symptoms are a breast mass, breast pain, and nipple discharge. ... abscess actinomycosis of the breast duct ectasia syndrome breast engorgement Mondor's disease Paget's disease of the breast ...
Sialadenitis
Sclerosing polycystic sialadenitis histologically resembles sclerosing adenosis/fibrocystic change of breast tissue. It ... Dry eyes and dry mouth are commonly present and may be indicative of concomitant connective tissue disease (e.g. SLE, RA, or ... There may also be a history of decrease in salivary volume secondary to a systemic disease. A unilateral or bilateral painful ... There are two features relatively inconsistent with diagnosis of IgG4-related disease which are the presence of epithelioid ...
Cowden syndrome
... and fibrocystic changes. However, there is currently not enough evidence to determine if benign breast disease occurs more ... Breast Females are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, which is the most common malignancy observed in Cowden's ... In Cowden syndrome patients with a first-time diagnosis of breast cancer, treatment with mastectomy of the involved breast as ... "Germline mutations of the PTEN gene in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome". Nature Genetics. 16 (1 ...
Breast cancer
Approximately half the women diagnosed with Paget's disease of the breast also have a lump in the breast. Inflammatory breast ... found in benign breast conditions such as fibrocystic breast changes, are correlated with an increased breast cancer risk. ... Stage 1A breast cancer Stage 1B breast cancer Stage 2A breast cancer Stage 2A breast cancer Stage 2B breast cancer Stage 2B ... breast cancer Stage 2B breast cancer Stage 3A breast cancer Stage 3A breast cancer Stage 3A breast cancer Stage 3B breast ...
Premenstrual syndrome
Perimenstrual breast pain is associated with fibrocystic breast changes. Even without treatment, symptoms tend to decrease in ... PMS was originally seen as an imagined disease. Women who reported its symptoms were often told it was "all in their head". ... ISBN 978-0-323-79078-9. Breast pain is typically divided into cyclic pain, related to the menstrual cycle, and noncyclic pain. ... The range of symptoms is wide, and most commonly are breast tenderness, bloating, headache, mood swings, depression, anxiety, ...
Pediatric gynaecology
More than 99% of breast masses in children and adolescents are benign, and include fibrocystic breast changes, cysts, ... The most common cause is low levels of estrogen (hypoestrogenism), which may result from chronic disease, radiation or ... An abnormal mass in a child's developing breast or early development of breast tissue may prompt concern. Neonates can have ... Hypertrophy of breast tissue may or may not be a problem for an individual adolescent; back pain, kyphosis, shoulder pain, and ...
List of side effects of estradiol
... fibrocystic breast changes and breast cancer. Cardiovascular: chest pain, deep and superficial venous thrombosis, pulmonary ... increased incidence of gallbladder disease, pancreatitis, or enlargement of hepatic hemangiomas. Cutaneous: chloasma or melasma ...
Medrogestone
... medrogestone has been found to be effective in the treatment of fibrocystic breast changes and associated mastodynia (breast ... Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (acute or in history), vaginal bleeding of unknown origin, and severe diseases of the ... In the past, medrogestone was used in the treatment of endometrial cancer and in some regimens for breast cancer, and, in men, ... It is not known whether medrogestone passes into breast milk, but it is to be expected given its lipophilicity and studies with ...
Estrogen dominance
... "fibrocystic and tender breasts, heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular menstrual cycles, mood swings, vasomotor symptoms, weight ... Research on hormone replacement therapies have indicated that hormone replacement did not help prevent heart disease and it ... mood swings and white spots on fingernails fibrocystic breasts. The book criticizes estrogen replacement therapy and proposes ... breast cancer, uterine cancer, infertility, ovarian cysts, and increased blood clotting, and is also associated with ...
Lactiferous duct
The majority of breast diseases either originate from lactiferous ducts or are closely related. The high susceptibility to ... with the above-mentioned subareolar abscess and squamous metaplasia of lactiferous ducts most forms of fibrocystic breast ... phyllodes tumor and intraductal papilloma of the breast mastalgia is frequently caused by an imbalance of breast secretion in ... Ramsay, D. T.; Kent, J. C.; Hartmann, R. A.; Hartmann, P. E. (2005). "Anatomy of the lactating human breast redefined with ...
Nipple
Fibrocystic breast (normal lumpiness in the breast) Use of certain medicines Use of certain herbs, such as anise and fennel ... Cancers such as Paget's disease (a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple) can also cause nipple discharge. ... or breast or armpit Thickening or swelling of part of the breast, areola, or nipple Irritation or dimpling of breast skin ... The nipple is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast from which, in females, milk leaves the breast through the ...
Dydrogesterone
... dydrogesterone has been found to be effective in the treatment of fibrocystic breast changes and associated breast pain. Oral ... Schindler AE (February 2011). "Dydrogesterone and other progestins in benign breast disease: an overview". Archives of ... Yang Z, Hu Y, Zhang J, Xu L, Zeng R, Kang D (February 2017). "Estradiol therapy and breast cancer risk in perimenopausal and ... Whereas all other assessed progestins are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer when combined with an estrogen in ...
Breast hematoma
The symptoms may be similar to those of fibrocystic breast changes. A breast hematoma may appear due to direct trauma to the ... Salemis NS (2012). "Breast hematoma complicating anticoagulant therapy: management and literature review". Breast Disease ( ... Breast hematoma is a collection of blood within the breast. It arises from internal bleeding (hemorrhage) and may arise due to ... Rarely, a breast hematoma can also occur spontaneously due to a rupture of blood vessels in the breast, especially in persons ...
Breast
... or reconstruct the breast in cases of deformative disease, such as breast cancer. Breast augmentation and breast lift ( ... The most frequent benign conditions are puerperal mastitis, fibrocystic breast changes and mastalgia. Lactation unrelated to ... These include Tanner staging, bra cup size, breast volume, breast-chest difference, the breast unit, breast hemicircumference, ... The English word breast derives from the Old English word brēost ('breast, bosom') from Proto-Germanic *breustam (breast), from ...
Mastitis
Breast diseases, IgG4-related disease, Inflammations, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate). ... Chronic cystic mastitis is an older name for fibrocystic disease. American usage: mastitis usually refers to puerperal ( ... unexplained breast pain.[citation needed] A breast abscess is a collection of pus that develops in the breast with various ... Mastitis and breast abscesses can also be caused by direct trauma to the breast. Such injury can occur for example during ...
5 Natural Ways to Fight Fibrocystic Breast Disease | HubPages
Fibrocystic breast disease is a benign breast disorder, which means it is not harmful. The term "fibrocystic breast disease" is ... 5 Natural Ways to Fight Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Updated on December 13, 2018 ... One of the most annoying symptoms of fibrocystic change is painful breasts. You can control this discomfort by adding more ... Diseases, Disorders & Conditions. Part 1: Life With Duanes Syndrome, Positives, Negatives, and What Im Doing About It.. by ...
Fibrocystic Breast Disease | Novant Health
... often referred to as dense breasts. It makes mammograms harder to read, and is better seen with 3D mammograms. ... A breast condition that is characterized by nonmalignant lumps and/or pain in the breast, ... Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Fibrocystic breast disease is a common condition of the female breast. It is characterized by ... Generalized breast pain, most often just before menstrual periods. *Lumps often enlarge before menstrual periods and shrink ...
fibrocystic breast disease Archives - Stop The Thyroid Madness
Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast - PubMed
The fibrocystic breast reacts differently to sodium iodide, protein-bound iodide and molecular iodine. Molecular iodine is ... Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast W R Ghent 1 , B A Eskin, D A Low, L P Hill ... Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast W R Ghent et al. Can J Surg. 1993 Oct. ... Objective: To determine the response of patients with fibrocystic breast disease to iodine replacement therapy. ...
Fibrocystic breasts: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
... lumpy breasts. Formerly called fibrocystic breast disease, this common condition is, in fact, not a disease. Many women ... Fibrocystic breasts are painful, lumpy breasts. Formerly called fibrocystic breast disease, this common condition is, in fact, ... Fibrocystic breast disease; Mammary dysplasia; Diffuse cystic mastopathy; Benign breast disease; Glandular breast changes; ... Breast diseases: detection, management, and surveillance of breast disease. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds ...
Fibrocystic breast changes - Wikipedia
Fibrocystic breast disease is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms, clinical breast exam and physical exam. During this ... Fibrocystic breast changes is a condition of the breasts where there may be pain, breast cysts, and breast masses. The breasts ... It is not a disease but represents normal breast changes. Diagnosis involves ruling out breast cancer. Fibrocystic changes ... "Fibrocystic Breast Condition".2010/04/13, MedicineNet.com "Fibrocystic Breast Condition". Archived from the original on 2010-02 ...
Fibrocystic breast changes - Mayo Clinic
Fibrocystic Breast Condition | Diseases and Disorders
Fibrocystic Breast Condition answers are found in the Diseases and Disorders powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone ... Sommers, Marilyn Sawyer.. "Fibrocystic Breast Condition." Diseases and Disorders, 6th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2019. Nursing ... Fibrocystic Breast Condition [Internet]. In: Diseases and Disorders. F.A. Davis Company; 2019. [cited 2023 September 23]. ... nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Diseases-and-Disorders/73589/all/Fibrocystic_Breast_Condition PB - F.A. Davis ...
fibrocystic breast disease Archives - Fertility Friday
Is there a connection between fibrocystic breast disease, ovarian cysts and iodine deficiency? Find out in todays episode of ... FFP 176 , The Role of Iodine in Womens Health , Ovarian Cysts, Fibrocystic Breasts & Thyroid Disorders , Dr. Jorge Flechas. ... FFP 378 , Iodine, Ovarian Cysts, Fibrocystic Breasts, & Thyroid Disorders , Summer Replay Series , Dr. Jorge Flechas. August 20 ... Flechass areas of specialization include Iodine therapy for thyroid and breast disorders, bio-identical hormone replacement ...
Fibrocystic Breast Disease in Indore - Dr Hema Jajoo
... gynecologist in Indore for Fibrocystic Breast Disease Treatment in Indore. Book and appointment call: +91-9827221267 ... fibrocystic breast disease, fibrocystic breast disease in indore, fibrocystic breast disease treatment, gynecologist, ... When fibrocystic breast has pain, tenderness, and Lumpiness then it is called fibrocystic breast disease. Fibrocystic breast ... Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Fibrocystic breasts are not uncommon. It is composed of tissue that feels lumpy or rope-like or ...
DANOCRINE®
Brand of DANAZOL CAPSULES, USP
Fibrocystic Breast Disease. The total daily dosage of DANOCRINE for fibrocystic breast disease ranges from 100 mg to 400 mg ... Fibrocystic Breast Disease. Most cases of symptomatic fibrocystic breast disease may be treated by simple measures (e.g., ... Before initiating therapy of fibrocystic breast disease with DANOCRINE, carcinoma of the breast should be excluded. However, ... In the treatment of fibrocystic breast disease, DANOCRINE usually produces partial to complete disappearance of nodularity and ...
Fibrocystic Breast Disease | Surgical treatment . Hospital Prices, Ranking, Reviews - Bookinghealth
Surgical treatment of fibrocystic breast disease - ★ Direct prices from the best hospitals in the world $ We will help you save ... Fibrocystic Breast Disease - Surgical treatment in the Best Hospitals in the World ➤Surgical treatment of fibrocystic breast ... The doctors of the medical facility are also competent in the treatment of benign breast diseases and correction of breast ... The key focus of clinical activities is the treatment of oncological diseases of the female genital organs, including breast ...
Iodine - Health Professional Fact Sheet
Fibrocystic breast disease. Fibrocystic breast disease is a benign condition characterized by lumpy, painful breasts and ... Iodine replacement in fibrocystic disease of the breast. Can J Surg. 1993 Oct;36(5):453-460. [PubMed abstract] ... In a double-blind study, researchers randomly assigned 56 women with fibrocystic breast disease to receive daily supplements of ... fibrocystic breast disease, and radiation-induced thyroid cancer.. Fetal and infant development. Iodine sufficiency during ...
Iodine - Consumer
Fibrocystic breast disease. Although not harmful, fibrocystic breast disease causes lumpy, painful breasts. It mainly affects ... Very high doses of iodine supplements might reduce the pain and other symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease, but more study is ... Breastfed infants get iodine from breast milk. However, the iodine content of breast milk depends on how much iodine the mother ...
danazol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
... and also to treat breast pain/tenderness/nodules due to a certain breast condition (fibrocystic breast disease). It is also ... Before initiating therapy of fibrocystic breast disease, carcinoma of the breast should be excluded; however, nodularity, pain ... For the treatment of endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease, it works by decreasing the amount of hormones made by the ... tenderness due to fibrocystic breast disease may prevent recognition of underlying carcinoma before treatment is begun ...
ATSDR - Camp Lejeune, North Carolina - Transcript Camp Lejeune Expert Panel, Day Two
I have cysts on the undersides of my arms; I have fibrocystic breast disease. Ive had four aspirated in the last six months. I ... Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registration. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registration. ... Ozonoff: Well . . . autoimmune diseases, like Lupus, Scleroderma, mixed connected tissue diseases, hard to study, not exactly ... She had breast cancer that then went into other areas.. My dad died at forty-five of a cardiac infarction. He had daily nose ...
Colorectal Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: Practice Essentials, Background, Polypoid Disease of the Gastrointestinal...
Fibrocystic breast disease and esophageal glycogenic acanthosis have been described. [25] These patients have a higher risk of ... FAP may be considered a disease of tumor initiation, whereas HNPCC may be considered a disease of tumor progression. [38] ... Treatment of metastatic disease. Metastatic disease occurs in half of patients with CRC. Metastasis can spread through ... breast and thyroid cancer. Germline mutations have been identified in the PTEN gene. Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a variant of ...
Fibromyalgia Information
Fibrocystic Breast Disease: may be experienced by FMSers especially prior to period. Breasts may become very swollen and sore ... That is what makes this disease so Illusive. Fibromyalgia Is Not -- Lyme Disease, Not a reaction to silicone implants, Not ... Symptoms of FMS are often present in a variety of diseases. Some of these include but are not limited to: allergies, blood ... Fibromyalgia is not a new fad illness/disease. It was documented as early as 1816, by Dr. William Balfour, and described in ...
Colorectal Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: Practice Essentials, Background, Polypoid Disease of the Gastrointestinal...
Fibrocystic breast disease and esophageal glycogenic acanthosis have been described. [25] These patients have a higher risk of ... FAP may be considered a disease of tumor initiation, whereas HNPCC may be considered a disease of tumor progression. [38] ... Treatment of metastatic disease. Metastatic disease occurs in half of patients with CRC. Metastasis can spread through ... breast and thyroid cancer. Germline mutations have been identified in the PTEN gene. Lhermitte-Duclos disease is a variant of ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Breast Tumors ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... No evidence was found to link the occurrence of benign breast tumors to chemical exposures at the facility. The authors ... No significant differences in the prevalence of benign breast tumors was noted in supervisors working on the concrete powder ...
Low/Decreased Fat Diet - Information; Why it is Recommended
Fibrocystic Breast Disease Fibrocystic disease has been linked to excess estrogen. When those with fibrocystic disease are put ... A connection between high fat consumption and breast and colon cancer (two of the most deadly forms of the disease) has ... A connection between high fat consumption and breast and colon cancer (two of the most deadly forms of the disease) has ... Breast Cancer There has been much recent research on the relationship between cancer and dietary fat - possibly more than on ...
Breast Disfigurement
Diffuse, non-discrete masses are likely to be due to fibrocystic breast disease, but it must be remembered that the greater ... Because of the high frequency in the population of fibrocystic breast changes (40%), palpable breast masses are quite common. ... Home › Gyno › Breast Concerns › Breast Disfigurement. Breast Disfigurement and Support Problems. Background - importance and ... A serous or yellowish discharge is fairly common if patients have fibrocystic changes of the breast. Any blood-tinged ( ...
Premenstrual breast changes: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Premenstrual swelling and tenderness of both breasts often occurs during the second half of the menstrual cycle. ... Fibrocystic breast disease (benign breast changes) Premenstrual breast tenderness and swelling probably occur to some degree in ... Breast diseases: detection, management, and surveillance of breast disease. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds ... Etiology and management of benign breast disease. In: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, eds. The Breast: ...
Ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel Uses, Side Effects & Warnings
irregular menstrual cycles, fibrocystic breast disease, lumps, nodules, or an abnormal mammogram. ... untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure, or heart disease (chest pain, coronary artery disease, history of heart attack, ... heart disease, high blood pressure, varicose veins, if you are prone to having blood clots, high cholesterol or triglycerides, ... liver disease or liver cancer, if you take any hepatitis C medication containing ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with or ...
Guarana: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions
Levinson, W. and Dunn, P. M. Nonassociation of caffeine and fibrocystic breast disease. Arch.Intern.Med. 1986;146(9):1773-1775 ... Heyden, S. and Muhlbaier, L. H. Prospective study of "fibrocystic breast disease" and caffeine consumption. Surgery 1984;96(3): ... Bullough, B., Hindi-Alexander, M., and Fetouh, S. Methylxanthines and fibrocystic breast disease: a study of correlations. ... Caffeine consumption and fibrocystic breast disease: a case-control epidemiologic study. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 1984;72(5):1015- ...
Selection of 1,647 RR Messages from the forum Iodine Supplementation Support by VWT Team , Sorted by Stars
Re: Fibrocystic Breast Disease by Ginagirl 10 years ago 2,396 RR Re: Help me understand what happened after Iodine ... by ... Iodine Science - fibrocystic breasts by UserX 11 years ago 352 RR 100mg minimum, Im with Trapper by paraboy 11 years ago 8,158 ... Re: Any Breast Cancer Survivors Taking Iodine, Nee... by peggyaus 10 years ago 1,782 RR ... Re: Any Breast Cancer Survivors Taking Iodine, Nee... by paraboy 10 years ago 1,988 RR ...
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: DANAZOL
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Fibrocystic Disease of Breast Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ...
Publication Detail
Fibrocystic breast disease was also a significant predictor of subsequent breast cancer in the premenopausal and postmenopausal ... Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Epidemiologic Methods*; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease/pathology; Humans; Hysterectomy; ... and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. ... In the premenopausal cases, a history of breast cancer in a sister gave a RR of 3.0 (2.1-4.1) and in a mother 1.9 (1.4-2.5), ...
