Gallbladder diseases. Medical search. Definitions

Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.

Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.

A process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.

Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.

Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.

Imino acids are organic compounds containing a nitrogen atom in their structure, classified as derivatives of amino acids, where the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom instead of a hydrogen atom, forming a characteristic imino functional group.

Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.

A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.

Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES.

A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)

Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.

Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Scotland is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, located in the northern part of Great Britain. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I would be happy to help answer those!

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Perforation of the gallbladder: analysis of 19 cases. (1/337)

Perforation of the gallbladder occurred in 19 (3.8%) of 496 patients with acute cholecystitis treated at one hospital in an 8-year period. The average age of the 19 patients was 69 years and the female:male ratio was 3:2. Most had a history suggestive of gallbladder disease and most had coexisting cardiac, pulmonary, renal, nutritional or metabolic disease. The duration of the present illness was short, perforation occurring within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms in half the patients; the diagnosis was not suspected preoperatively in any. In the elderly patient with acute cholecystitis who has a long history of gallbladder disease, cholecystectomy should be performed early, before gangrene and perforation of the gallbladder can occur. (+info)

Early detection by ultrasound scan of severe post-chemotherapy gut complications in patients with acute leukemia. (2/337)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute leukemia patients may develop life-threatening gut complications after intensive chemotherapy. We evaluated the role of abdominal and pelvic ultrasound (US) examination in early detection of these complications. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cohort of twenty adult acute leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for remission induction entered the study. All chemotherapy regimens included cytarabine by continuous i.v. infusion for several days. RESULTS: Three patients had severe gut complications: 2 cases of enterocolitis and 1 case of gall bladder overdistension in the absence of calculi. In all cases the abnormality was documented by US examination: US scan showed thickening of the intestinal wall (two cases), and gall bladder overdistension with biliary sludge (one case). Immediate medical care included bowel rest, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, antimycotic treatment, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. All patients recovered from the complication. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the favorable outcome obtained in our small series can be attributed to early diagnosis followed by appropriate treatment. Early recognition by US and immediate medical management can lead to complete recovery of severe intestinal complications in patients with acute leukemia undergoing intensive chemotherapy. (+info)

Gall bladder emptying in severe idiopathic constipation. (3/337)

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that slow transit constipation (STC) may be part of a panenteric motor disorder. AIM: To evaluate motility of an upper gastrointestinal organ, the gall bladder, in 16 patients with STC and 20 healthy controls. METHODS: Gall bladder emptying (ultrasonography) was studied in response to neural, cephalic-vagal stimulation with modified sham feeding (MSF) for 90 minutes and in response to hormonal stimulation with cholecystokinin (CCK, 0.5 IDU/kg/h) for 60 minutes. RESULTS: Fasting gall bladder volume in patients with STC (17 (2) cm(3)) was significantly (p<0. 01) reduced compared with that in controls (24 (2) cm(3)). Gall bladder emptying in response to MSF was significantly reduced in patients with STC expressed both as percentage emptying (11 (5)% versus 22 (3)%; p<0.05) and as absolute emptying (2.1 (0.7) cm(3) versus 4.9 (0.7) cm(3); p<0.02). However, percentage gall bladder emptying in response to CCK was not different between patients and controls (73 (4)% versus 67 (4)%) although the absolute reduction in gall bladder volume was significantly (p<0.05) smaller in patients (10.7 (1.1) cm(3) versus 15.3 (1.4) cm(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with slow transit constipation have smaller fasting gall bladder volumes, impaired gall bladder responses to vagal cholinergic stimulation, but normal gall bladder responses to hormonal stimulation with CCK. These results point to abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility proximal from the colon in slow transit constipation and more specifically, impaired neural responsiveness. (+info)

Functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas. (4/337)

The term "dysfunction" defines the motor disorders of the gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi (SO) without note of the potential etiologic factors for the difficulty to differentiate purely functional alterations from subtle structural changes. Dysfunction of the gall bladder and/or SO produces similar patterns of biliopancreatic pain and SO dysfunction may occur in the presence of the gall bladder. The symptom-based diagnostic criteria of gall bladder and SO dysfunction are episodes of severe steady pain located in the epigastrium and right upper abdominal quadrant which last at least 30 minutes. Gall bladder and SO dysfunctions can cause significant clinical symptoms but do not explain many instances of biliopancreatic type of pain. The syndrome of functional abdominal pain should be differentiated from gall bladder and SO dysfunction. In the diagnostic workup, invasive investigations should be performed only in the presence of compelling clinical evidence and after non-invasive testing has yielded negative findings. Gall bladder dysfunction is suspected when laboratory, ultrasonographic, and microscopic bile examination have excluded the presence of gallstones and other structural abnormalities. The finding of decreased gall bladder emptying at cholecystokinin-cholescintigraphy is the only objective characteristic of gall bladder dysfunction. Symptomatic manifestation of SO dysfunction may be accompanied by features of biliary obstruction (biliary-type SO dysfunction) or significant elevation of pancreatic enzymes and pancreatitis (pancreatic-type SO dysfunction). Biliary-type SO dysfunction occurs more frequently in postcholecystectomy patients who are categorized into three types. Types I and II, but not type III, have biochemical and cholangiographic features of biliary obstruction. Pancreatic-type SO dysfunction is less well classified into types. When non-invasive investigations and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanreatography show no structural abnormality, manometry of both biliary and pancreatic sphincter may be considered. (+info)

Enterogastric reflux mimicking gallbladder disease: detection, quantitation and potential significance. (5/337)

OBJECTIVE: Visualization of enterogastric reflux (EGR) may be present during hepatobiliary imaging. Reflux of bile may damage the gastric mucosa, altering its function, and cause such symptoms as epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea, intermittent vomiting and abdominal fullness. These symptoms also are associated with gallbladder disease. The aim of this study was to quantitate the EGR index (EGRI) and to determine if a difference exists in normal and abnormal responses using standard cholecystokinin (CCK)-augmented hepatobiliary imaging. METHODS: This study used 129 patients. LAO dynamic data on a 128 x 128 matrix at a rate of 1 frame/min were obtained. After the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was determined, the EGRI (%) was calculated by relating the counts in the gastric ROI to the counts in the hepatobiliary ROI at a specified time. The results were compared with the patient's final clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Normal responders (GBEF > or = 35%) had a higher EGRI than abnormal responders with a P = 0.001 EGR observed in 75 patients (58.1%). Significant reflux (EGRI > or = 14.2% at 15 min) was observed in 29 additional patients (22.5%). Patients with EGRI > or = 24.5% showed a strong association with the pathophysiologic syndrome of gastritis, alkaline reflux, gastric ulcer and gastro esophageal reflux disease. There was no EGR observed in the remaining 25 patients (19.4%). CONCLUSION: This simple addition to the CCK-augmented hepatobiliary imaging may both detect and quantitate abnormal EGR as the cause of the patient's symptoms in the presence of a normal GBEF result, and/or those patients with risk factors for gastritis. (+info)

Anesthetic implications of laparoscopic surgery. (6/337)

Minimally invasive therapy aims to minimize the trauma of any interventional process but still achieve a satisfactory therapeutic result. The development of "critical pathways," rapid mobilization and early feeding have contributed towards the goal of shorter hospital stay. This concept has been extended to include laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hernia repair. Reports have been published confirming the safety of same day discharge for the majority of patients. However, we would caution against overenthusiastic ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the rational but unproven assumption that early discharge will lead to occasional delays in diagnosis and management of postoperative complications. Intraoperative complications of laparoscopic surgery are mostly due to traumatic injuries sustained during blind trocar insertion and physiologic changes associated with patient positioning and pneumoperitoneum creation. General anesthesia and controlled ventilation comprise the accepted anesthetic technique to reduce the increase in PaCO2. Investigators have recently documented the cardiorespiratory compromise associated with upper abdominal laparoscopic surgery, and particular emphasis is placed on careful perioperative monitoring of ASA III-IV patients during insufflation. Setting limits on the inflationary pressure is advised in these patients. Anesthesiologists must maintain a high index of suspicion for complications such as gas embolism, extraperitoneal insufflation and surgical emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Postoperative nausea and vomiting are among the most common and distressing symptoms after laparoscopic surgery. A highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, has proven to be an effective oral and IV prophylaxis against postoperative emesis in preliminary studies. Opioids remain an important component of the anesthesia technique, although the introduction of newer potent NSAIDs may diminish their use. A preoperative multimodal analgesic regimen involving skin infiltration with local anesthesia. NSAIDs to attenuate peripheral pain and opioids for central pain may reduce postoperative discomfort and expedite patient recovery/discharge. There is no conclusive evidence to demonstrate clinically significant effects of nitrous oxide on surgical conditions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy or on the incidence of postoperative emesis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has proven to be a major advance in the treatment of patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease. (+info)

Endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of polypoid gall bladder lesions: analysis in surgical and follow up series. (7/337)

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis is often difficult for small (+info)

Laparoscopic and laparotomic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial comparing postoperative respiratory function. (8/337)

BACKGROUND: The fact that pulmonary complications occur in 20-60% of the patients subjected to abdominal operations clearly indicates that the lungs are the most endangered organ during the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of cholecystectomy on postoperative respiratory disturbances by comparing the laparotomic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic gallbladder removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A hundred cholecystectomized patients were included in the prospective randomized clinical trial. Half of the patients were operated on by the laparotomic procedure, whereas the other half underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Spirometric parameters, arterial blood gases, and acid-base balance were determined before the operation, and at 6, 24, 72 and 144 h postoperatively. Abdominal distension was assessed by auscultating intestinal peristaltics, abdominal circumference measurement, and time interval to restitution of defecation. RESULTS: Six hours postoperatively, the values of ventilation parameters decreased on average by 40-50% from the baseline preoperative values in both groups of patients. The group of patients submitted to laparotomic cholecystectomy had significantly lower spirometric values and slower recovery of the ventilation parameters than the laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. Abdominal circumference was significantly greater and the time needed for restitution of peristaltics and defecation was significantly longer in the laparotomic cholecystectomy group compared to the group of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant impairments including hypoxia, hypocapnia and hyperventilation were observed in the patients submitted to laparotomic cholecystectomy, indicating the presence of objective respiratory risk, especially in elderly patients and patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases or cardiac insufficiency. (+info)

Gallbladder diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the function and structure of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. The primary role of the gallbladder is to store, concentrate, and release bile into the small intestine to aid in digesting fats. Gallbladder diseases can be chronic or acute and may cause various symptoms, discomfort, or complications if left untreated. Here are some common gallbladder diseases with brief definitions:

1. Cholelithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the gallbladder. Gallstones are small, hard deposits made of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both, which can vary in size from tiny grains to several centimeters.
2. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by obstruction of the cystic duct (the tube connecting the gallbladder and the common bile duct) due to a gallstone. This condition can be acute or chronic and may cause abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
3. Choledocholithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the common bile duct, which can lead to obstruction, jaundice, and potential infection of the biliary system (cholangitis).
4. Acalculous gallbladder disease: Gallbladder dysfunction or inflammation without the presence of gallstones. This condition is often seen in critically ill patients and can lead to similar symptoms as cholecystitis.
5. Gallbladder polyps: Small growths attached to the inner wall of the gallbladder. While most polyps are benign, some may have malignant potential, especially if they are larger than 1 cm in size or associated with certain risk factors.
6. Gallbladder cancer: A rare form of cancer that originates in the gallbladder tissue. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages and can be challenging to diagnose. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, or a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if experiencing symptoms related to gallbladder disease for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just under the liver in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive enzyme produced by the liver, which helps in the breakdown of fats during the digestion process. When food, particularly fatty foods, enter the stomach and small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile through the common bile duct into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, to aid in fat digestion.

The gallbladder is made up of three main parts: the fundus, body, and neck. It has a muscular wall that allows it to contract and release bile. Gallstones, an inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), or other gallbladder diseases can cause pain, discomfort, and potentially serious health complications if left untreated.

Gallbladder neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissue of the gallbladder, which can be benign or malignant. Benign neoplasms are non-cancerous and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, also known as gallbladder cancer, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body. Gallbladder neoplasms can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice, and nausea, but they are often asymptomatic until they have advanced to an advanced stage. The exact causes of gallbladder neoplasms are not fully understood, but risk factors include gallstones, chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, and certain inherited genetic conditions.

Cholecystectomy is a medical procedure to remove the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located on the right side of the abdomen, just beneath the liver. The primary function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. During a cholecystectomy, the surgeon removes the gallbladder, usually due to the presence of gallstones or inflammation that can cause pain, infection, or other complications.

There are two primary methods for performing a cholecystectomy:

1. Open Cholecystectomy: In this traditional surgical approach, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to access and remove the gallbladder. This method is typically used when there are complications or unique circumstances that make laparoscopic surgery difficult or risky.
2. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure where the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen, through which a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) and specialized surgical instruments are inserted. The surgeon then guides these tools to remove the gallbladder while viewing the internal structures on a video monitor.

After the gallbladder is removed, bile flows directly from the liver into the small intestine through the common bile duct, and the body continues to function normally without any significant issues.

Cholecystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is a digestive fluid that helps break down fats in the small intestine during digestion.

Acute cholecystitis is a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by the presence of gallstones that block the cystic duct, the tube that carries bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct. This blockage can cause bile to build up in the gallbladder, leading to inflammation, swelling, and pain.

Chronic cholecystitis is a long-term inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis or the presence of gallstones that cause ongoing irritation and damage to the gallbladder wall. Over time, chronic cholecystitis can lead to thickening and scarring of the gallbladder wall, which can reduce its ability to function properly.

Symptoms of cholecystitis may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, often in the upper right or center of the abdomen, that may worsen after eating fatty foods; fever; nausea and vomiting; bloating and gas; and clay-colored stools. Treatment for cholecystitis typically involves antibiotics to treat any infection present, pain relief, and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). In some cases, a nonsurgical procedure called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be used to remove gallstones from the bile duct.

Gallbladder emptying refers to the process by which the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine through the bile duct. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. After eating, especially when fatty or greasy foods are consumed, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released into the bloodstream, which stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscle that controls the opening and closing of the bile duct. This allows the concentrated bile to flow from the gallbladder into the small intestine, where it helps break down fats for absorption.

Gallbladder emptying can be assessed through various diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound or cholescintigraphy (also known as a HIDA scan), which measures the rate and degree of gallbladder emptying in response to CCK stimulation. Abnormalities in gallbladder emptying can contribute to conditions such as gallstones, biliary dyskinesia, and other functional gallbladder disorders.

Cholelithiasis is a medical term that refers to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones are hardened deposits that can form in the gallbladder when substances in the bile, such as cholesterol or bilirubin, crystallize.

Gallstones can vary in size and may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. Some people with gallstones may not experience any symptoms, while others may have severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) if the gallstones block the bile ducts.

Cholelithiasis is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly women over the age of 40 and those with certain medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and rapid weight loss. If left untreated, gallstones can lead to serious complications such as inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), infection, or pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). Treatment options for cholelithiasis include medication, shock wave lithotripsy (breaking up the gallstones with sound waves), and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder using a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera, which allows the surgeon to view the internal structures on a video monitor. The surgery is performed through several small incisions in the abdomen, rather than a single large incision used in open cholecystectomy. This approach results in less postoperative pain, fewer complications, and shorter recovery time compared to open cholecystectomy.

The procedure is typically indicated for symptomatic gallstones or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), which can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard of care for gallbladder removal due to its minimally invasive nature and excellent outcomes.

Cholecystography is a medical procedure that involves the use of X-rays to examine the gallbladder and bile ducts. It is also known as an oral cholecystogram (OCG).

The procedure involves administering a contrast agent, typically a iodine-based dye, which is absorbed by the liver and excreted into the bile ducts and gallbladder. The dye makes the bile ducts and gallbladder visible on X-ray images, allowing doctors to diagnose conditions such as gallstones, tumors, or inflammation of the gallbladder.

Cholecystography is not commonly used today due to the development of more advanced imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans, which are non-invasive and do not require the use of contrast agents. However, it may still be used in certain cases where other imaging tests are inconclusive or unavailable.

Gallstones are small, hard deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver. They can range in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. Gallstones can be made of cholesterol, bile pigments, or calcium salts, or a combination of these substances.

There are two main types of gallstones: cholesterol stones and pigment stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type and are usually yellow-green in color. They form when there is too much cholesterol in the bile, which causes it to become saturated and form crystals that eventually grow into stones. Pigment stones are smaller and darker in color, ranging from brown to black. They form when there is an excess of bilirubin, a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells, in the bile.

Gallstones can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating, especially after eating fatty foods. In some cases, gallstones can lead to serious complications, such as inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), infection, or blockage of the bile ducts, which can cause jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes.

The exact cause of gallstones is not fully understood, but risk factors include being female, older age, obesity, a family history of gallstones, rapid weight loss, diabetes, and certain medical conditions such as cirrhosis or sickle cell anemia. Treatment for gallstones may involve medication to dissolve the stones, shock wave therapy to break them up, or surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Imino acids are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom as part of an amide-like structure. They are structurally similar to amino acids, which contain a carboxyl group and an amino group, but instead of the amino group, imino acids have a structural unit known as an imine or Schiff base, which is a carbon-nitrogen double bond with a hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom.

One example of an imino acid is proline, which is a cyclic imino acid that plays important roles in protein structure and function. Proline is unique among the 20 standard amino acids because its side chain is linked to the nitrogen atom of the backbone, forming a ring-like structure. This structural feature gives proline unique properties, such as restricted rotation around the bond between the nitrogen and alpha carbon atoms, which can affect protein folding and stability.

Other imino acids may be formed through chemical reactions or enzymatic processes, and they can play important roles in various biological pathways, including the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules. However, imino acids are not typically considered to be part of the standard set of 20 amino acids that make up proteins.

Acute cholecystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) that develops suddenly (acute). The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located in the upper right part of the abdomen, beneath the liver. It stores bile, a digestive juice produced by the liver, which helps break down fats in the food we eat.

Acute cholecystitis occurs when the gallbladder becomes inflamed and irritated, often due to the presence of gallstones that block the cystic duct, the tube that carries bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine. When the cystic duct is obstructed, bile builds up in the gallbladder, causing it to become swollen, inflamed, and infected.

Symptoms of acute cholecystitis may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, often located in the upper right or middle part of the abdomen, that may radiate to the back or shoulder blade area. Other symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and abdominal tenderness or swelling.

Acute cholecystitis is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment may involve hospitalization, antibiotics to treat infection, pain relief medications, and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). In some cases, nonsurgical treatments such as endoscopic sphincterotomy or percutaneous cholecystostomy may be used to relieve obstruction and inflammation.

Cholecystolithiasis is the medical term for the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones are hardened deposits that can form in the gallbladder when substances in the bile, such as cholesterol or bilirubin, become concentrated and crystallize.

Gallstones can vary in size, from tiny grains of sand to large stones several centimeters in diameter. Some people may have a single gallstone, while others may have many. Gallstones may cause no symptoms at all, but if they block the flow of bile out of the gallbladder, they can cause pain, inflammation, and infection.

Symptoms of cholecystolithiasis may include abdominal pain, often in the upper right or center of the abdomen, that may be sharp or crampy and may occur after eating fatty foods. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. If gallstones are left untreated, they can lead to serious complications such as cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), or cholangitis (infection of the bile ducts). Treatment for cholecystolithiasis may include medication to dissolve the gallstones, shock wave lithotripsy to break up the stones, or surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Biliary dyskinesia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal or impaired motility of the biliary system, which includes the gallbladder and the bile ducts. This can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting, particularly after eating fatty foods.

In biliary dyskinesia, the gallbladder may not contract properly or may contract too much, leading to a backup of bile in the liver or bile ducts. This can cause inflammation and irritation of the biliary system and surrounding tissues.

The condition is often diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, nuclear medicine scans, or MRI, which can help assess gallbladder function and detect any abnormalities in the biliary system. Treatment for biliary dyskinesia may include medications to improve gallbladder motility, dietary modifications, or in some cases, surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Acalculous cholecystitis is a form of inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs in the absence of gallstones, which are commonly associated with gallbladder inflammation. It mainly affects critically ill or debilitated patients and can be caused by various factors such as bacterial or viral infection, reduced blood flow to the gallbladder, and injury to the bile ducts.

The symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. The diagnosis is often made through imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan, which may show gallbladder wall thickening, fluid accumulation around the gallbladder, and other signs of inflammation.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics to manage infection, intravenous fluids, and pain management. In severe cases, cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder) may be necessary. If left untreated, acalculous cholecystitis can lead to serious complications such as gangrene, perforation of the gallbladder, and sepsis.

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin is not a medical condition, but rather a radiopharmaceutical used in diagnostic imaging. It is a radioactive tracer used in nuclear medicine scans, specifically for liver and biliary system imaging. The compound consists of the radioisotope Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) bonded to the pharmaceutical Disofenin.

The Tc-99m is a gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours, making it ideal for diagnostic imaging. When administered to the patient, the compound is taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile ducts and gallbladder, allowing medical professionals to visualize these structures using a gamma camera. This can help detect various conditions such as tumors, gallstones, or obstructions in the biliary system.

It's important to note that Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin is used diagnostically and not for therapeutic purposes. The radiation exposure from this compound is generally low and considered safe for diagnostic use. However, as with any medical procedure involving radiation, the benefits and risks should be carefully weighed and discussed with a healthcare professional.

A polyp is a general term for a small growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane, such as the lining of the nose or the digestive tract. Polyps can vary in size and shape, but they are usually cherry-sized or smaller and have a stalk or a broad base. They are often benign (noncancerous), but some types of polyps, especially those in the colon, can become cancerous over time.

In the digestive tract, polyps can form in the colon, rectum, stomach, or small intestine. Colorectal polyps are the most common type and are usually found during routine colonoscopies. There are several types of colorectal polyps, including:

* Adenomatous polyps (adenomas): These polyps can become cancerous over time and are the most likely to turn into cancer.
* Hyperplastic polyps: These polyps are usually small and benign, but some types may have a higher risk of becoming cancerous.
* Inflammatory polyps: These polyps are caused by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, such as from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Polyps can also form in other parts of the body, including the nose, sinuses, ears, and uterus. In most cases, polyps are benign and do not cause any symptoms. However, if they become large enough, they may cause problems such as bleeding, obstruction, or discomfort. Treatment typically involves removing the polyp through a surgical procedure.

Desogestrel is a synthetic form of progestin, which is a female sex hormone. It is used in various forms of hormonal contraception such as birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings to prevent pregnancy. Desogestrel works by preventing ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries), thickening cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg, and thinning the lining of the uterus to make it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.

Desogestrel is also used in some hormone replacement therapies (HRT) to treat symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. It may be prescribed alone or in combination with estrogen.

Like all hormonal contraceptives, desogestrel has potential side effects, including irregular menstrual bleeding, headaches, mood changes, breast tenderness, and nausea. In rare cases, it may also increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of desogestrel with a healthcare provider before using it.

Oral contraceptives, also known as "birth control pills," are synthetic hormonal medications that are taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy. They typically contain a combination of synthetic versions of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, which work together to inhibit ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries), thicken cervical mucus (making it harder for sperm to reach the egg), and thin the lining of the uterus (making it less likely that a fertilized egg will implant).

There are several different types of oral contraceptives, including combination pills, progestin-only pills, and extended-cycle pills. Combination pills contain both estrogen and progestin, while progestin-only pills contain only progestin. Extended-cycle pills are a type of combination pill that are taken for 12 weeks followed by one week of placebo pills, which can help reduce the frequency of menstrual periods.

It's important to note that oral contraceptives do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it's still important to use barrier methods like condoms if you are at risk for STIs. Additionally, oral contraceptives can have side effects and may not be suitable for everyone, so it's important to talk to your healthcare provider about the potential risks and benefits before starting to take them.

Ultrasonography, also known as sonography, is a diagnostic medical procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to produce dynamic images of organs, tissues, or blood flow inside the body. These images are captured in real-time and can be used to assess the size, shape, and structure of various internal structures, as well as detect any abnormalities such as tumors, cysts, or inflammation.

During an ultrasonography procedure, a small handheld device called a transducer is placed on the patient's skin, which emits and receives sound waves. The transducer sends high-frequency sound waves into the body, and these waves bounce back off internal structures and are recorded by the transducer. The recorded data is then processed and transformed into visual images that can be interpreted by a medical professional.

Ultrasonography is a non-invasive, painless, and safe procedure that does not use radiation like other imaging techniques such as CT scans or X-rays. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions in various parts of the body, including the abdomen, pelvis, heart, blood vessels, and musculoskeletal system.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a medical procedure that combines upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the bile ducts and pancreas.

During ERCP, a flexible endoscope (a long, thin, lighted tube with a camera on the end) is passed through the patient's mouth and throat, then through the stomach and into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). A narrow plastic tube (catheter) is then inserted through the endoscope and into the bile ducts and/or pancreatic duct. Contrast dye is injected through the catheter, and X-rays are taken to visualize the ducts.

ERCP can be used to diagnose a variety of conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreas, including gallstones, tumors, strictures (narrowing of the ducts), and chronic pancreatitis. It can also be used to treat certain conditions, such as removing gallstones from the bile duct or placing stents to keep the ducts open in cases of stricture.

ERCP is an invasive procedure that carries a risk of complications, including pancreatitis, infection, bleeding, and perforation (a tear in the lining of the GI tract). It should only be performed by experienced medical professionals in a hospital setting.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scotland" is not a medical term or concept. It is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Bile is a digestive fluid that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It plays an essential role in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Bile consists of bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, phospholipids, electrolytes, and water.

Bile salts are amphipathic molecules that help to emulsify fats into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area and allowing for more efficient digestion by enzymes such as lipase. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells and gives bile its characteristic greenish-brown color.

Bile is released into the small intestine in response to food, particularly fats, entering the digestive tract. It helps to break down large fat molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed through the walls of the intestines and transported to other parts of the body for energy or storage.

Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common ... About 104 million new cases of gallbladder and biliary disease occurred in 2013. Gallbladder disease presents chiefly with ... or gallbladder can lead to disease. Gallstones are the most common disease and can lead to other diseases, including ... Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare form of gallbladder disease which mimics gallbladder cancer although it is not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder_disease

... gallbladder disease; high blood pressure, liver problems; high blood sugar, fluid retention, enlargement of benign tumors ( ... Other claims include compounded BHT's ability to prevent or treat conditions such as heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease ... It has been promoted as a panacea for many diseases and for relieving the symptoms of menopause beyond the medical objective of ... hormones present the same risks as synthetic hormone replacement therapy such as heart disease, blood clots, strokes and an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioidentical_hormone_replacement_therapy

Bateson MC (June 1999). "Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease". BMJ. 318 (7200): 1745-8. doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1745. PMC ... Prevalence of gallstone disease increases with age and body mass index (a marker of obesity). However, the risk is also ... The gallbladder also concentrates the bile by absorbing water and dissolved salts from it. All bile reaches the duodenum (first ... Part of the bile is stored in the gall bladder because of back pressure (exerted by the sphincter of Oddi), and may be released ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascending_cholangitis

"Treatment of Gallstones and Gallbladder Disease". Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. Retrieved 2018-03-27.[dead link ... The gallbladder can also be removed in order to treat biliary dyskinesia or gallbladder cancer. Gallstones are very common but ... Porcelain gallbladder (PGB), a condition where the gallbladder wall shows calcification on imaging tests, was previously ... It can also be done if the patient has severe cholecystitis, emphysematous gallbladder, fistulization of gallbladder and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystectomy

Dhiman RK, Chawla YK (2006). "Is there a link between oestrogen therapy and gallbladder disease?". Expert Opin Drug Saf. 5 (1 ... Uhler ML, Marks JW, Judd HL (2000). "Estrogen replacement therapy and gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women". Menopause. ... Stinton LM, Shaffer EA (2012). "Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer". Gut Liver. 6 (2): 172-87. doi: ... gallbladder disease (e.g., gallstones), hyperprolactinemia, prolactinoma, and dementia. These adverse effects are moderated by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)

Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), ... Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a triad of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric signs ... For example, the absence of known genetic mutations specific for a hereditary disease would rule out that disease. Another ... Sometimes a disease may be present without showing any signs or symptoms when it is known as being asymptomatic. The disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms

... and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Treatment for gallbladder attacks is typically surgery to remove the gallbladder. This can ... Computed Tomography (CT) is not indicated when investigating for gallbladder disease as 60% of stones are not radiopaque. CT ... Stinton, Laura M.; Shaffer, Eldon A. (15 April 2012). "Epidemiology of Gallbladder Disease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer". Gut and ... ileal disease and impaired gallbladder emptying. Patients that have gallstones and biliary colic are at increased risk for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_colic

... disease refers to the condition where gallstones are either in the gallbladder or common bile duct. The presence of ... Gallbladder and biliary-related diseases occurred in about 104 million people (1.6% of people) in 2013 and resulted in 106,000 ... The first is how often and how well the gallbladder contracts; incomplete and infrequent emptying of the gallbladder may cause ... In those who are having gallbladder attacks, surgery to remove the gallbladder is typically recommended. This can be carried ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

Typically, the gallbladder is then removed, an operation called cholecystectomy, to prevent a future occurrence of common bile ... Portincasa, P.; Moschetta, A.; Petruzzelli, M.; Palasciano, G.; Di Ciaula, A.; Pezzolla, A. (2006). "Gallstone disease: ... If the patient must have the gallbladder removed for gallstones, the surgeon may choose to proceed with the surgery, and obtain ... National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2007). "Gallstones" (PDF). Bethesda, Maryland: National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_bile_duct_stone

Fitzgerald, E. J.; Toi, A. (1987-07-01). "Pitfalls in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder diseases". Postgraduate ... They are continuous with the folds of the neck of the gallbladder. They are arranged in a somewhat spiral manner. The spiral ... Meilstrup, J W; Hopper, K D; Thieme, G A (1991). "Imaging of gallbladder variants". American Journal of Roentgenology. 157 (6 ... Miller, GL; Laurence, BH; McCarthy, JH (1989). "Cannulation of the cystic duct and gallbladder". Endoscopy. 21 (5): 223-4. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_folds_of_cystic_duct

Biliary diseases include gallbladder disease and biliary tract diseases. In 2013 they resulted in 106,000 deaths up from 81,000 ... malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract extrahepatic bile duct ampulla of ... cite journal}}: ,first1= has generic name (help) (CS1 errors: generic name, Gallbladder disorders, Biliary tract disorders). ... other diseases of the biliary tract: cholangitis (including ascending cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_disease

Knipschild, P. (1988). "Looking for gall bladder disease in the patient's iris". BMJ. 297 (6663): 1578-81. doi:10.1136/bmj. ... The iridologists could not correctly identify which patients had gall bladder problems and which had healthy gall bladders. For ... The study also selected a group of people who did not have diseased gall bladders to act as a control. A group of five ... Of the patients, 48 had been diagnosed with kidney disease, and the rest had normal kidney function. Based on their analysis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridology

Mirkin, Gabe (January 21, 2017). "Tammy Wynette and the pain of gall bladder disease". Villages-News. Retrieved August 7, 2022 ... The infection and hysterectomy resulted in lifelong problems with her gall bladder. The pain was so severe that Wynette started ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Wynette

Cuzick J, Babiker AG (March 1989). "Pancreatic cancer, alcohol, diabetes mellitus and gall-bladder disease". International ... Evidence suggests that a high intake of alcohol is associated with gallbladder cancer. Men may be at a higher risk of alcohol- ... Moerman CJ, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB (1999). "The epidemiology of gallbladder cancer: lifestyle related risk factors and limited ... February 2008). "Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the risk of gallbladder cancer death: a prospective cohort study in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer

260-. ISBN 978-0-306-48240-3. Clavien PA, Baillie J (15 April 2008). Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts: Diagnosis and ... Vascular disease Current and history of ischemic heart disease Multiple risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ... 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 29, 2016. "U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016" ( ... 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 29, 2016. Aronson JK (21 February 2009). Meyler's Side Effects of Endocrine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethinylestradiol

She died a few years later from gall bladder disease. From the police report of the Fuzhou Police, Qian's wife has been dead ...

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Both dose levels of estrogen as well as clofibrate were also found to increase the incidence of gallbladder disease in the ... Coronary Drug Project Research Group (May 1977). "Gallbladder disease as a side effect of drugs influencing lipid metabolism. ... "Aspirin in coronary heart disease. The Coronary Drug Project Research Group". Circulation. 62 (6 Pt 2): V59-62. December 1980. ... was a large clinical trial which assessed several different treatments for coronary heart disease in men with previous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_Drug_Project

... is one of the medical signs of gallbladder disease. It is positive when effleurage (light percussion) with ... crooked third finger at the point of the gallbladder projection to anterior abdominal wall (Gallbladder point, which is present ... as the gallbladder is tender and, in moving downward, comes in contact with the examiner's fingers) and winces with a 'catch' ... the approximate location of the gallbladder). The patient is then instructed to inspire (breathe in). Normally, during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lépine's_sign

"Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in gallbladder disease, a story not yet completed". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (31): ... The pH of common duct bile (7.50 to 8.05) is higher than that of the corresponding gallbladder bile (6.80 to 7.65). Bile in the ... The most common cause of bile duct obstruction is when gallstone(s) are dislodged from the gallbladder into the cystic duct or ... Biliary obstruction refers to a condition when bile ducts which deliver bile from the gallbladder or liver to the duodenum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile

Andersen T (July 1992). "Liver and gallbladder disease before and after very-low-calorie diets". The American Journal of ... Indeed, dietary fat stimulates gall bladder contraction, thus, if following a fat-free VLCD, the bladder does not empty. ... Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases (Systematic review). 14 (2): 237-244. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.531. PMID 29239795. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-low-calorie_diet

On the Nature, Cause, Symptoms of Gall-Bladder Disease and Its Treatment... "Petrycy Sebastian z Pilzna," Encyklopedia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Petrycy

Meacock, L M; Sellars, M E; Sidhu, P S (2010-07-01). "Evaluation of gallbladder and biliary duct disease using microbubble ... Haemochromatosis Cholesteryl ester storage disease Porphyria Wilson's disease Niemann Pick disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver ... Alcohol use disorder Drug-induced hepatitis Hemolytic anemia Polycystic Liver Disease Sickle cell disease Hereditary fructose ... Also, the caudate lobe is enlarged in many diseases. In the axial plane, the caudate lobe should normally have a cross-section ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomegaly

These include stomach disease, liver disease, pancreatic disease, gallbladder and bile duct disease; intestinal diseases ... This is associated with a higher risk of heart disease, asthma and type 2 diabetes. Abdominal trauma is an injury to the ... Other digestive organs are known as the accessory digestive organs and include the liver, its attached gallbladder, and the ... and here the gallbladder is situated. The left mid-Poupart line corresponds in its upper three-quarters to the inner edge of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomen

It can also diagnose gallbladder diseases, e.g. bile leaks of biliary fistulas. In cholescintigraphy, the injected radioactive ... The radiopharmaceutical then goes into the bile ducts, the gallbladder, and the intestines. The gamma camera is placed on the ... ISBN 1-4051-0386-8. Rosen CJ (2008-11-18). Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. John ... Redistribution indicates the existence of coronary steal and the presence of ischemic coronary artery disease. Tc99m-sestamibi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintigraphy

... implications for endoluminal treatment of gallbladder disease". Gastrointest. Endosc. 65 (4): 735-7. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2006.07. ... A cholecystostomy or cholecystotomy is a procedure where a stoma is created in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement ... Topazian in 2007 using ultrasound guidance to puncture the stomach wall and place a plastic biliary catheter for gallbladder ... April 2007). "Endoscopic transduodenal drainage of the gallbladder: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystostomy

"Endoscopic transduodenal drainage of the gallbladder: implications for endoluminal treatment of gallbladder disease". scholar. ... He was the first to describe endoscopic drainage of the gallbladder, placement of a colonic stent, and endoscopic pancreatic ... First to describe endoscopic drainage of the gallbladder First to describe placement of an expandable metal stent for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Baron

... endocrine diseases inflammatory bowel disease Cushing's disease gallbladder disorder gallbladder cyst formation high ... Although this disease is primarily identified in dogs, cats and ferrets have also been diagnosed. The gallbladder is an ... Canine gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is an emerging biliary disease in dogs described as the excessive and abnormal accumulation ... "Gallbladder Mucocele". ACVS. Retrieved 2018-09-30. Cook AK, Quinn R (April 2009). "An update on gallbladder mucoceles in dogs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_gallbladder_mucocele

Diseases of the gallbladder are known to have existed in humans since antiquity, with gallstones found in the mummy of Princess ... Tests used to investigate for gallbladder disease include blood tests and medical imaging. A full blood count may reveal an ... An ultrasound is often the first medical imaging test performed when gallbladder disease such as gallstones are suspected. An ... The gallbladder wall is composed of a number of layers. The innermost surface of the gallbladder wall is lined by a single ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder

Olivia died of complications brought on by gall bladder disease on 3 October 1938. The day before her death she wrote in a ... letter to Dorothy: "On Monday I was taken suddenly ill with gall bladder trouble-awful pain-sent for Doctor Barnes-he gave me ...

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Estrogens may increase the risk of gallbladder disease, especially in older and obese people. Studies are mixed on whether the ... cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary heart disease and stroke), and breast cancer compared to estrogen therapy alone in ... Payne AH, Hardy MP (28 October 2007). The Leydig Cell in Health and Disease. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 422-431. ... Flutamide and nilutamide have relatively high toxicity, including considerable risks of liver damage and lung disease. Due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder_disease

The liver determines the chemical composition of bile, and this may be subsequently modified by the gallbladder and biliary ... Biliary disease encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders caused by abnormalities in bile composition, biliary anatomy, or ...

http://www.medscape.com/resource/gallbladder-biliary-disease

Pediatric gallbladder disease is most commonly associated with hemolytic diseases or hemoglobinopathies; however, other risk ... Although gallbladder disease is relatively uncommon in the pediatric population, pediatric patients comprise a disproportionate ... encoded search term (Pediatric Gallbladder Disease Surgery) and Pediatric Gallbladder Disease Surgery What to Read Next on ... Although gallbladder disease in pediatric populations historically was a sign of an underlying hemolytic disease, cholesterol ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/936591-overview

Treatment of Gallbladder Disease During Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. INTRODUCTION: We examined the outcome ... The use of a clinical pathway facilitates the rapid RTD for soldiers diagnosed with gallbladder disease. ... A retrospective chart review of 97 medically evacuated patients with gallbladder disease was analyzed. These patients were ... after treatment for gallbladder disease in deployed military service members and the impact of instituting a clinical pathway ...

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Gallbladder disease. During the 5-year surveillance period, 8,008 incident diagnoses of gallbladder disease were documented on ... The annual rates of gallbladder disease declined very slightly between 2014 and 2018. Gallbladder disease was newly diagnosed ... The term gallbladder disease refers to a variety of conditions of the gallbladder and the biliary tract. The more common of ... Among the gallbladder disease cases who had cholecystectomies, 23.3% had their first-ever gallbladder encounter on record on ...

https://health.mil/News/Articles/2019/12/01/Gallbladder-Disease-and-Cholecystectomies?type=Fact+Sheets

Gallbladder disease can occur at almost any age, and symptoms can be severe. Dr. David McCabe explains how minimally invasive ...

https://www.rsfh.com/Video/View.aspx?videoid=1054

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical ... Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (Alcoholic Liver Disease; Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease). By ... Risk Factors for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Alcohol-related liver disease is more likely to develop if people ... Enlarged spleen Enlarged Spleen An enlarged spleen is not a disease in itself but the result of an underlying disorder. Many ...

https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/liver-and-gallbladder-disorders/alcohol-related-liver-disease/alcohol-related-liver-disease

Value of initial radiological investigations in patients admitted to hospital with appendicitis, acute gallbladder disease or ... Value of initial radiological investigations in patients admitted to hospital with appendicitis, acute gallbladder disease or ... acute gallbladder disease or acute pancreatitis, and to identify if early (within 18 h) ultrasound or CT scanning reduces the ... admitted with acute gallbladder disease and 48 (14%) with acute pancreatitis). ...

https://emj.bmj.com/content/27/10/754

Canine Gall Bladder Disease. The gall bladder is a sac-like storage organ that stores bile that is produced in the liver. Bile ... Cholangitis is the medical term for inflammation of the gall bladder. A gall bladder mucocele is a gall bladder with thickened ... Some patients with gall bladder disease will be icteric (jaundiced).. Patients with a mucocele can have variable signs. An ... Tests that will be recommended for patients with suspected gall bladder disease include laboratory tests (blood and urine) as ...

https://www.vetspecialty.com/specialties/internal-medicine/hepatic-pancreatic-diseases/canine-gall-bladder-disease/

... biliary tract diseases , gall bladder diseases. Animals, Livestock, One Health , animal and human health , diseases and ... disorders (animals and humans) , digestive system diseases , biliary tract diseases , gall bladder diseases ... Fields of Study , animal and human health , diseases and disorders (animals and humans) , digestive system diseases , ...

https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/vocabularies/nalt/concept?uri=https%3A//lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/17181

... 88(3). Richardson, J D et al. "Epidemiology Of Gallbladder ... Adult Aged Age Factors Cholecystectomy Cholecystitis Cholecystography Female Gallbladder Diseases Humans Male Middle Aged ... Title : Epidemiology Of Gallbladder Disease In An Appalachian Community Personal Author(s) : Richardson, J D;Scutchfield, F D; ... "Epidemiology Of Gallbladder Disease In An Appalachian Community" vol. 88, no. 3, 1973. Export RIS Citation Information.. ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/62505

Diseases of the Liver and Gall Bladder.. Problems: Hepatic hyperemia. Hepatic Hyperemia.. Hepatic hyperemia-congestion of the ... One of the first causes is chronic disease of the heart. Other conditions which interfere with the flow of the blood from the ... The Eclectic Practice of Medicine with especial reference to the Treatment of Disease, 1910, was written by Finley Ellingwood, ... as well also as disease of the walls of the veins and thrombosis of the portal vein. ...

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The gallbladders function is to store bile produced by the liver. ... Underneath your liver is a small sac known as the gallbladder. ... How Is Gallbladder Disease Diagnosed?. If gallbladder disease ... gallbladder disease varies widely in severity. What Are the Types of Gallbladder Disease?. Many different types of gallbladder ... What is Gallbladder Disease?. Underneath your liver is a small sac known as the gallbladder. The gallbladders function is to ...

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Gallbladder disease is common, affecting about 10-15% of adults in Europe and the U.S. Oneida Health provides the expertise and ... About Gallbladder Disease. Gallbladder disease is very common, affecting about 10-15% of adults in Europe and the U.S. It is ... Symptoms of Gallbladder Disease. *Signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease are often caused by gallstones that block your bile ... Main Causes of Gallstones & Gallbladder Disease. Your gallbladder may cause symptoms if something blocks the flow of bile ...

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Gallbladder disease. Gallbladder stones or cholelithiasis is one of the most common gallbladder diseases. Symptoms include ... Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease). Inflammatory bowel disease causes inflammation of the ... 7. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Pelvic inflammatory disease is the infection and inflammation of female reproductive ... Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when contents of the stomach travel upward (acid reflux) and irritate the ...

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Hepatobiliary disease is a common problem in patients presenting to emergency departments or primary care settings. ... encoded search term (Bedside Ultrasonography for Gallbladder Disease) and Bedside Ultrasonography for Gallbladder Disease What ... Bedside Ultrasonography for Gallbladder Disease. Updated: Sep 20, 2015 * Author: Timothy Jang, MD; Chief Editor: Caroline R ... 3] Bedside ultrasonography for gallbladder disease is also a skill that can be learned by physicians at all levels of training. ...

https://emedicine.dev01.medscape.com/article/104439-overview

Gallbladder Disease A 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery in postmenopausal women ... See WARNINGS regarding induction of neoplasia, adverse effects on the fetus, increased incidence of gallbladder disease, and ... increased incidence of gallbladder disease; pancreatitis, enlargement of hepatic hemangiomas. ... Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: In the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) study, an increase in the number of myocardial ...

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The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ found under the liver, whose job is to hold bile (made by the liver) that help in ... Gallstones / Gallbladder disease. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ found under the liver, whose job is to hold bile ... You do not need stones to have gallbladder pain.. Why do we have a gallbladder and do I need it?. Many feel the gallbladder ... A cholecystectomy (or gallbladder removal) is recommended when the gallbladder is thought to be the problem (stones, sludge, or ...

https://www.ccsurgery.com/services/gallbladder/

A sonogram shows no gallstones and a HIDA scan shows complete gallbladder filling but abnormal emptying of the gallbladder with ... While some plaque disease may regress with statin therapy, when stenosis is 70-80% in an asymptomatic patient there should be ... Limb salvage is a multimodal process determined by the extent of the disease. Toes can be saved, even with infection down to ... PAD peripheral arterial disease usually caused by atherosclerotic(hardening of the arteries) leading to arterial narrowing( ...

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Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder from bile cholesterol and bilirubin. The Gallbladder is a small sac-like organ ... Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder from bile cholesterol and bilirubin. The Gallbladder is a small sac-like organ ...

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So it leads to the question: Do gallbladder problems relate to iron deficiency? ... patients with gallbladder issues are told theyre iron deficient. ... Gallbladder Disease and Iron Deficiency. Apr 15, 2023 , Gallbladder Removal, Gallbladder Support , 0 comments ... Gallbladder Disease and Iron Deficiency: How Are They Related? As a gallbladder-focused nutritionist, I work one on one with ...

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Gallstones are the most common disease and can lead to other diseases, including Cholecystitis, inflammation of the gallbladder, and gallstone pancreatitis when the gallstone blocks the pancreatic duct. (wikipedia.org)
A positive test elicits pain with deep inspiration and is indicative of inflammation of the gallbladder, cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
The sign also has over a 90% positive and negative predictive value for acute cholecystitis Gallstones may develop in the gallbladder as well as elsewhere in the biliary tract. (wikipedia.org)
The more common of these conditions are cholelithiasis (gallstones) and cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), and these conditions often are treated with cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). (health.mil)
Gallbladder disease, including cholelithiasis (gallstones), is common in the U.S. and often results in cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder). (health.mil)
There are many different types of gallbladder diseases, but the most common is cholecystitis, which is gallbladder inflammation. (drjanshim.com)
Gallstones are very common and can cause cholecystitis, the most common gallbladder disease. (drjanshim.com)
The term cholecystitis refers to inflammation of the gallbladder. (drjanshim.com)
Inflammation of the gallbladder wall (cholecystitis) is responsible for a majority of the gallbladder diseases. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Most cases of cholecystitis are associated with the presence of stones in the gallbladder. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
It is a more serious form of cholecystitis and tends to occur with gallbladder injury during surgery, prolonged fasting, critical illnesses or when a problem with the immune system occurs. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Acute cholecystitis can lead to complications such as infection, abscess or gangrene (tissue death) of the gallbladder. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
Chronic cholecystitis can cause scarring and shrinking of the gallbladder over time. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
Moreover, acute and chronic cholecystitis with severe inflammation and/or scarring of the gallbladder and surrounding tissues are less common in children. (mhmedical.com)
All specimens demonstrated chronic cholecystitis and partial calcification of the gallbladder wall. (nih.gov)
Dr Lee added, "One of the most common gallbladder diseases in Singapore are gallstones, which can block the bile duct or the pancreas and cause intense pain and infection (e.g., cholecystitis and pancreatitis). (medicalchannelasia.com)
In some cases, gallstones can cause inflammation of the gallbladder, a condition known as cholecystitis, which can be a medical emergency if left untreated. (strength-community.com)
Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. (drjudymorgan.com)
Pathologies of the gallbladder, on the other hand, are frequent in all societies, and pathologies originating from the gallbladder, particularly acute cholecystitis, are major causes of admission to emergency services. (journalmc.org)

If the inflammation of your gallbladder is pus-filled, it is considered an abscess. (drjanshim.com)
This is gallbladder inflammation not caused by gallstones. (drjanshim.com)
Pelvic inflammatory disease is the infection and inflammation of female reproductive organs. (medicinenet.com)
A cholecystectomy (or gallbladder removal) is recommended when the gallbladder is thought to be the problem (stones, sludge, or inflammation). (ccsurgery.com)
Most physicians believe that the ingestion of oils or fats will result in a contraction of the gallbladder possibly leading to gallbladder or pancreas inflammation and an emergency room visit. (ccsurgery.com)
The trapped bile causes inflammation of the walls of the gallbladder, leading to swelling and pain. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
In some cases, the gallbladder may even burst or an abnormal channel may develop between the gallbladder and gut due to the inflammation. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
This can cause inflammation and pain in the gallbladder or other parts of the digestive system. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
This is inflammation of the gallbladder wall, usually caused by gallstones. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
The exact cause of gallbladder cancer is unknown, but some risk factors include age, gender (more common in women), obesity, family history and chronic inflammation or infection of the gallbladder. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
From painful gallstones to critical inflammation, gallbladder diseases can significantly impact life quality, making awareness, timely diagnosis, and treatment imperative. (medicalchannelasia.com)
This is the inflammation and infection of the gallbladder resulting from a build-up of bile caused by gallstones blocking the tube leading out of the gallbladder. (medicalchannelasia.com)
This condition refers to problems such as inflammation of the gallbladder without gallstones. (medicalchannelasia.com)
Inflammation is that the reason for majority vesica diseases thanks to irritation of the vesica walls, which are additionally referred to as redness. (gastroconferences.com)
Gallbladder inflammation can occur in cats of any breed or age and is equally likely to occur in males or females. (drjudymorgan.com)
Gallbladder inflammation is usually caused by bacterial infections that start in the small intestine and travel up the bile duct or are spread through the blood. (drjudymorgan.com)
The sugars lactose and galactose that are found in milk can increase oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the body - both of which are major causes of serious and chronic diseases. (diagnose-me.com)

Other common symptoms with gallbladder disease and biliary colic are nausea and vomiting. (wikipedia.org)
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) are typically asymptomatic but can cause biliary pain episodically combined with other signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease such as nausea, vomiting, and pain radiating to the back. (wikipedia.org)
Gallbladder disease can occur at almost any age, and symptoms can be severe. (rsfh.com)
If people who have been drinking in excess have symptoms of liver disease, doctors do blood tests to evaluate the liver and occasionally do a liver biopsy. (merckmanuals.com)
Symptoms of gallbladder disease may include: pain in the upper right side or middle of the abdomen, abdominal fullness, clay-colored stool, fever, nausea and vomiting, or yellowing of skin and whites of eyes (jaundice). (oneidahealth.org)
Signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease are often caused by gallstones that block your bile ducts. (oneidahealth.org)
Gallbladder symptoms are sometimes called "gallbladder attacks" because they can occur without warning. (oneidahealth.org)
Your gallbladder may cause symptoms if something blocks the flow of bile through your cystic duct. (oneidahealth.org)
Gallbladder pain (or biliary colic) is usually temporary and can present with a variety of symptoms though most include upper abdominal pain that comes and goes, is sometimes crampy in nature and associated nausea at times. (ccsurgery.com)
An ultrasound of the gallbladder, a hepatobiliary or PIPIDA scan, an MRI, and blood work are the more frequently ordered studies as part of the evaluation of symptoms possibly due to gallstones or a disease of the gallbladder. (ccsurgery.com)
Symptoms of gallbladder diseases may vary depending on the type and region of the disease. (drcemalkara.com)
Gall bladder disease symptoms often manifests itself as pain in the abdomen and indigestion. (drcemalkara.com)
Usually, gallstones do not cause any problem or symptoms, but may sometimes block the bile duct, trapping the bile in the gallbladder. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
22 Symptoms of GallBladder Disease: Bile is an important digestive fluid that is produced by the liver and stored in a concentrated. (scientificworld.in)
This article discusses the functions of bile and symptoms of gallbladder disease. (scientificworld.in)
There are different types of gallbladder disease, each with its own causes and symptoms. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
The symptoms of gallbladder disease depend on the type and severity of the condition. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
If you have any signs or symptoms suggestive of gallbladder disease, you should consult your doctor for a proper diagnosis. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
However, those that do cause persistent and intense pain or frequent symptoms such as bloatedness or discomfort will require gallbladder surgery. (medicalchannelasia.com)
Symptoms of gallbladder diseases can be silent or significantly pronounced. (medicalchannelasia.com)
In addition, the slower weight loss that is well monitored by a physician can be the best way to reduce the weight and avoid gallbladder disease and symptoms. (specializedbariatrics.com)
Gallstones are one of the most common disorders of the gallbladder, and they can cause a range of symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. (strength-community.com)
What are the symptoms of gallbladder disease in dogs and cats? (drjudymorgan.com)
This article reviews in more detail what porcelain gallbladder is, who it affects, its symptoms, and more. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Porcelain gallbladder does not typically show signs and symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
When symptoms occur, a doctor can often diagnose porcelain gallbladder with an ultrasound. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). (wikipedia.org)
Gallbladder disease in children can arise from a number of underlying conditions, but the disease is due to cholelithiasis in most cases. (mhmedical.com)
Gallbladder stones (Cholelithiasis) are formed from cholesterol, bilirubin, and other components in very saturated bile. (drjudymorgan.com)
Gallbladder disease, particularly cholelithiasis (gallstones), affects more than 20 million Americans each year. (pcom.edu)

however, treatment depends upon the type of gallbladder disease and how serious it is. (drjanshim.com)
Treatments depend on the type of gallbladder disease. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
However, laboratory values such as CBC, liver-function testing, and serum amylase and lipase should be included to help distinguish the type of gallbladder disease and/or identify associated complications. (pcom.edu)

What Are the Types of Gallbladder Disease? (drjanshim.com)
What types of gallbladder disease are most prevalent in dogs and cats? (drjudymorgan.com)

If gallstones in the gallbladder are symptomatic, surgical removal of the gallbladder, known as cholecystectomy may be indicated. (wikipedia.org)
Cholecystectomy surgery involves the removal of the gallbladder and is usually performed through laparoscopy, a minimally invasive option as compared to open abdominal surgery which requires a long incision. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Still, they recommend a cholecystectomy or removal of the gallbladder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Most surgeons recommend the removal of the gallbladder through a laparoscopic procedure. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Open cholecystectomy remains a safe and viable alternative when laparoscopy is not feasible and is commonly performed in infants and children with more uncommon diseases of the biliary tree. (medscape.com)
Gallbladder disease and cholecystectomy are not rare, affecting approximately 1 out of every 1,000 service members per year. (health.mil)
When you experience multiple gallbladder episodes, a surgery called cholecystectomy is most often recommended. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Most surgeons utilize a gallbladder ejection fraction of less than 35% as an indicator for cholecystectomy in a symptomatic patient. (mhmedical.com)
We recommend that patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease who are older than 3 years should undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (mhmedical.com)
A primary hydatid cyst of the gallbladder was detected, and the patient underwent a cholecystectomy. (journalmc.org)
Others suggest that, due to the risk of possibly developing gallbladder cancer, a doctor should perform a cholecystectomy. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The liver and gallbladder themselves do not feel pain, but the nerves that innervate them also go into the muscles in the back. (scientificworld.in)
When the liver and gallbladder are inflamed, it can cause swelling, distension and pain throughout the abdominal region. (scientificworld.in)

While performing laparoscopy for a gynecologic procedure on a woman known to have biliary colic, he tilted his camera upward and found that he was able to remove the gallbladder without making additional incisions. (medscape.com)
The surgery can be performed through a less invasive approach or the traditional open surgery to remove the gallbladder. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Special surgical instruments are inserted through the other incisions to remove the gallbladder. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
In severe cases, surgery is performed to remove the gallbladder. (drjudymorgan.com)

Gallbladder and biliary tract disease should be in the differential diagnosis of any pediatric patient who presents with right-upper-quadrant (RUQ) pain, jaundice, or unremitting dyspepsia with normal endoscopic gastric findings. (medscape.com)
Outward signs of gallbladder problems include gastro-intestinal (GI) upset, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or distension, lethargy, diarrhea, poor appetite, and jaundice (skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes turn yellow due to a build up of bilirubin in the body. (drjudymorgan.com)

Real-time US has an accuracy of approximately 96% for gallbladder disease and is effective in determining hepatic and common bile duct involvement, the presence of thickening of the gallbladder wall, and any abnormalities in the liver or head of the pancreas. (mhmedical.com)
Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) showed hydrops of the gallbladder (transverse diameter 54 mm), thickening of the gallbladder wall (4 mm), and dense internal echoes in the gallbladder lumen and pericholecystic fluid. (journalmc.org)

They do not affect how your gallbladder, liver, or pancreas works. (oneidahealth.org)
His area of expertise lies in minimally surgery to treat liver, gallbladder and pancreas diseases. (medicalchannelasia.com)
The gallbladder, in conjunction with the liver and pancreas, make up the biliary system of the animal. (drjudymorgan.com)
While the pancreas produces enzymes that help break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats, the gallbladder is a small, sac-like organ that collects, concentrates, and transports bile. (drjudymorgan.com)

This condition denotes a poorly functioning gallbladder and is not caused by gallstones. (drjanshim.com)

The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine after a meal to help dissolve fat. (health.mil)
When fatty foods are eaten, the gallbladder will squeeze its contents into the duct system and out into the small intestine. (ccsurgery.com)
Stored bile drains out from the gallbladder into the common bile duct, which opens into the small intestine. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine through a tube called the bile duct. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of vitamins and nutrients. (medicalchannelasia.com)
When food containing fat enters the small intestine, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released, which stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine. (strength-community.com)

Objectives To determine the value of abdominal radiography (AXR) for investigating patients attending hospital with a first episode of appendicitis (requiring appendicectomy), acute gallbladder disease or acute pancreatitis, and to identify if early (within 18 h) ultrasound or CT scanning reduces the use of AXR. (bmj.com)
Tests that will be recommended for patients with suspected gall bladder disease include laboratory tests (blood and urine) as well as ultrasound examination. (vetspecialty.com)
Some require frequent follow up for lab tests and ultrasound until the disease has stabilized. (vetspecialty.com)
The ultrasound procedure will be performed to detect abnormalities of the gallbladder, especially the presence of gallstones, in adults aged 20 to 74 years. (cdc.gov)
However, the basic diagnostic tool in gallbladder diseases is ultrasound. (drcemalkara.com)
Your doctor may recommend X-ray imaging, abdominal ultrasound or nuclear scanning tests to detect the presence of gallstones which may be blocking the path of bile and thickening the gallbladder wall. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Abdominal ultrasound will reveal a thickened gallbladder wall, thickened common bile duct, and/or gallstones. (drjudymorgan.com)
Abdominal ultrasound can identify the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder but identifying them within the bile ducts is more challenging. (drjudymorgan.com)

Many different types of gallbladder disorders fall under the umbrella of gallbladder disease, from gallstones to gallbladder cancer. (drjanshim.com)

Participants Audit of 355 patients (179 patients (50%) who underwent appendicectomy, 128 (36%) admitted with acute gallbladder disease and 48 (14%) with acute pancreatitis). (bmj.com)
Results AXR was performed in 53 patients (30%) who underwent appendicectomy, 73 (57%) with acute gallstone disease and 38 (78%) with acute pancreatitis. (bmj.com)
When a gallstone becomes impacted in the neck of the gallbladder a chronic condition becomes acute with persistent pain followed by fever. (richardriccamd.com)
Female farm workers showed increased risks for uterovaginal prolapse, acute myocardial infarction, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and neoplasms. (cdc.gov)

Polyps are growths that can form in the gallbladder. (drjanshim.com)
These are hard particles that form in the gallbladder when substances in the bile (such as cholesterol, bile salts or calcium) crystallize. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
Gallstones are small, hard deposits that can form in the gallbladder when the concentration of cholesterol or bilirubin in bile becomes too high. (strength-community.com)

The term gallbladder disease refers to a variety of conditions of the gallbladder and the biliary tract. (health.mil)
Learn more about conditions of the gallbladder. (medicalnewstoday.com)

[ 8 ] the pediatric population can experience congenital abnormalities of the gallbladder, including gallbladder perforation, hydrops of the gallbladder, gallbladder atresia, and choledochal cysts . (medscape.com)

These are solid deposits of bile fluid that develop in the gallbladder over time. (medicalchannelasia.com)

The progression of this process likely leads to calcification of the gallbladder. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Autoimmune disorders such as lupus and having recent digestive surgeries are two top risk factors for developing acalculous gallbladder disease. (drjanshim.com)
According to anthroposophic knowledge of man and nature, the areas of application include: Gastrointestinal and gallbladder complaints in functional disorders of motility and secretion (disorders of mobility and excretion). (eliveragroup.com)
Gallbladder disease is influenced by diet, exercise, and nutrition, and patients should be encouraged to incorporate these healthy habits into their lifestyle in order to reduce their risk of gallbladder disorders. (pcom.edu)

A negative Murphy's sign does not rule out all gallbladder diseases as ascending cholangitis. (wikipedia.org)

The diagnosis is best made with localized tenderness on exam and a right upper quadrant sonogram showing gallstones, a thickened gallbladder wall, and sometimes Pericholecystic fluid. (richardriccamd.com)

CONCLUSION: Gallbladder surgery can be performed in a delayed manner in the deployed service member although with a significantly higher morbidity as compared to the local population. (sages.org)
however, if the polyp is larger than 1 centimeter, surgery is often recommended as polyps can develop into gallbladder cancer. (drjanshim.com)
At the time of surgery, and based on your blood work, dye may be injected in the gallbladder to evaluate for any stones that may have left the gallbladder and made their way into the duct system (Cholangiogram). (ccsurgery.com)
Generally laparoscopic/robotic surgery results in fewer of these risks and are typically the process by which gallbladder are surgically removed. (ccsurgery.com)
Gallbladder removal most often results in complete recovery and does not require a specific diet after the surgery. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Gallbladder surgery is considered the standard of care for gallbladder disease treatment. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
In cases where gallstones are present inside the bile ducts, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) technique can be used during gallbladder surgery. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Gallbladder surgery can be performed through a minimally invasive approach where your surgeon makes several small incisions in your abdomen. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
A review study in the British Medical Journal found that 50% of patients who had a gallbladder surgery didn't see improvement in their digestive health complaints ( 1 ). (scientificworld.in)
It would indeed be a courageous step for someone to take to have their gallbladder stones treated with acupuncture and Chinese herbs instead of opting for surgery. (theacupunctureclinic.co.nz)
Since high cholesterol can produce problems for the gallbladder, bariatric surgery can help to resolve the issue. (specializedbariatrics.com)
This means that reduction in cases of hyperlipidemia from the weight loss surgery can also help to avoid gallbladder disease. (specializedbariatrics.com)
Lowering cholesterol with weight loss surgery as well as reducing the amount of body mass can be key factors in reducing the chances of gallbladder disease and gallstones. (specializedbariatrics.com)
The bariatric surgery will allow for fairly fast weight loss, but it is well supervised and the long term affects on the gallbladder are positive. (specializedbariatrics.com)
The patient can often avoid problems such as heart disease, stroke, high cholesterol, gallbladder disease and diabetes with the help of weight loss surgery, proper nutrition, new lifestyle habits and exercise. (specializedbariatrics.com)
Avoiding gallbladder disease can be accomplished with the help of weight loss surgery. (specializedbariatrics.com)
The most effective treatment for patients with gallbladder disease is surgery. (pcom.edu)

Stones can also form if the gallbladder does not empty correctly. (oneidahealth.org)
You do not need stones to have gallbladder pain. (ccsurgery.com)
They just watch and wait until the gallbladder gets so log jammed with gall stones that it needs to be removed. (scientificworld.in)
Many diseases like kidney stones, gallbladder stones and cataracts, are caused by too much calcium in the body. (englishandimmigration.com)
In the absence of vitamins D3, vitamin K2 and vitamin F, in combination with low acidity in the stomach and insufficient bile, the calcium you eat will go into other parts of your body and you can develop kidney stones, gallbladder stones, arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, hill spurs and cataracts. (englishandimmigration.com)
According to some estimates, more than 20% of Americans develop some kind of gallbladder problem, with stones being the most common (1). (strength-community.com)
The stones can float in the gallbladder or one of the ducts and cause bile to back up. (drjudymorgan.com)
The stones can also completely obstruct the duct(s) and result in more serious problems, such as a gallbladder rupture. (drjudymorgan.com)

For cholesterol gallstones, metabolic alterations in hepatic cholesterol secretion combine with changes in gallbladder motility and intestinal bacterial degradation of bile salts to destabilize cholesterol carriers in bile and produce cholesterol crystals. (wikipedia.org)
Low serum iron levels cause a defect in hepatic cholesterol metabolism, as well as decreased motility in the gallbladder. (gallbladderdiet.com)
This is a functional gallbladder disorder that affects the motility of the gallbladder or its ability to move bile out into the bile ducts. (medicalchannelasia.com)

Gangrene can affect internal organs such as the gallbladder in severe infections. (medicalchannelasia.com)

About 104 million new cases of gallbladder and biliary disease occurred in 2013. (wikipedia.org)
During the 2014-2018 surveillance period, 8,008 active component service members were identified as incident cases of gallbladder disease. (health.mil)
About 1,601 new cases of gallbladder disease and 1,294 cholecystectomies occurred annually during the surveillance period. (health.mil)

The gallbladder is a small (3-inch long), hollow, pear-shaped organ located in the upper right section of the abdomen, just under the right lobe of the liver. (health.mil)
Your gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ under your liver. (oneidahealth.org)
A small, pear-shaped sac located on the underside of the liver, the gallbladder varies in size, but rarely exceeds 4cm in diameter and 10cm in length. (cdc.gov)
The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ found under the liver, whose job is to hold bile (made by the liver) that help in dissolving fats. (ccsurgery.com)
The gallbladder is a hollow pear-shaped organ that lies just below the liver. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
The gallbladder, a small, pear-shaped organ situated beneath the liver, plays a crucial role in our digestive system. (medicalchannelasia.com)

We sought to evaluate the characteristics of patients with porcelain gallbladder and the risk for gallbladder carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Which dogs and cats are at higher risk for gallbladder disease? (drjudymorgan.com)
In general, however, older female dogs have an increased risk for gallbladder problems. (drjudymorgan.com)
Certain diseases such as Cushing's Disease and hypothyroidism can increase the risk for gallbladder problems. (drjudymorgan.com)

A HIDA scan involving a radioactive dye injected intravenously, is taken up by the liver and excreted into the biliary system where it passively enters the gallbladder. (richardriccamd.com)
A small quantity of the bile enters the gallbladder. (strength-community.com)

Gallstones occur when bile hardens in your gallbladder. (oneidahealth.org)
They are benign masses that occur on the inner surface of the gallbladder. (drcemalkara.com)
Gallbladder disease can occur more frequently for individuals that are obese. (specializedbariatrics.com)
Gallbladder disease can occur in almost every breed of dog, including mixed breeds. (drjudymorgan.com)
While a hydatid cyst can occur almost anywhere, a primary hydatid cyst of the gallbladder is very rare. (journalmc.org)

Gallbladder disease presents chiefly with abdominal pain located in the right upper abdomen. (wikipedia.org)
Gallbladder diseases can impact your health significantly by causing severe abdominal pain and decreased quality of life. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Gallbladder disease leads to severe abdominal pain. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
Problems like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can both lead to lower abdominal pain that gets worse when you move around, says Dr. Cutler. (livestrong.com)

The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the liver, gallbladder, and the Sphincter of Oddi. (wikipedia.org)
The gallbladder is controlled on a neurohormonal basis, with Cholecystokinin (CCK) leading to the contraction and release of bile into the bile ducts. (wikipedia.org)
A disruption in the hormones, ducts, or gallbladder can lead to disease. (wikipedia.org)
Your gallbladder and several ducts (tubes) are part of the biliary system. (oneidahealth.org)
When the gallbladder fails to move bile out into the bile ducts normally, the collection of bile can cause the gallbladder to become swollen or fuller. (medicalchannelasia.com)
Biliary unwellness refers to diseases distressing the gall ducts, vesica and different structures concerned within the production and transportation of gall. (gastroconferences.com)
Sometimes fat malabsorption results from a lack of bile from diseases of the gallbladder, bile ducts or liver. (clevelandclinic.org)

Chronic acalculous gallbladder disease can result from complications from other health problems such as starvation, and long-term illness. (medicalchannelasia.com)

The surgical management of porcelain gallbladder is based on studies performed in 1931 and 1962, which indicated a correlation between porcelain gallbladder and carcinoma. (nih.gov)
No carcinoma was identified among patients with porcelain gallbladder. (nih.gov)
With a better understanding of the natural history of the porcelain gallbladder the current management of these patients may change. (nih.gov)
In rare cases, calcium deposits can cause the lining to become brittle and hard, a condition known as porcelain gallbladder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Many people with porcelain gallbladder do not know they have the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
What is porcelain gallbladder? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Porcelain gallbladder is a condition in which the inner lining of the gallbladder becomes covered with calcium . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Porcelain gallbladder is a rare condition that affects less than 1% of the population. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Porcelain gallbladder develops slowly over time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some evidence suggests that porcelain gallbladder can lead to an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A study from 2021 notes that porcelain gallbladder is not likely any more of a risk factor for cancer than gallstones. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some believe that cases of asymptomatic porcelain gallbladder be left as is, with no treatment and routine ultrasounds to monitor the gallbladder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The outlook for those with porcelain gallbladder is generally positive. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Polyps or abnormal growths of tissues inside the mucous lining of the gallbladder are usually benign and might indicate other gallbladder problems. (medicalchannelasia.com)

If the gallbladder is not able to function properly, bile may back up, causing gallbladder disease and possibly gallbladder rupture. (drjudymorgan.com)

Melatonin inhibits cholesterol secretion from the gallbladder, helps convert cholesterol to bile, and as an antioxidant can reduce oxidative stress on the gallbladder. (diagnose-me.com)

The gallbladder is an organ in the form of a sac attached to the lower face of the liver. (drcemalkara.com)
The Gallbladder is a small sac-like organ situated below the liver and stores bile. (newyorkcitygastro.com)
Fortunately, the gallbladder is an organ you can live without. (keyholesurgeon.co.uk)
The gallbladder is an organ near your liver that works to release bile into your bile duct. (specializedbariatrics.com)
The gallbladder is a small organ located in the right abdomen that releases bile to aid digestion. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Farther influences which retard the free escape of the blood are pleuritic effusions, chronic pneumonia and tumors, within the chest, as well also as disease of the walls of the veins and thrombosis of the portal vein. (henriettes-herb.com)

Treatment is considered for symptomatic disease and can vary from surgical to non-surgical treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Impaired taste and smell can lead to unhealthy dietary changes and exposure to unsafe conditions, or be symptomatic of serious health conditions including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or multiple sclerosis. (cdc.gov)

METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A retrospective chart review of 97 medically evacuated patients with gallbladder disease was analyzed. (sages.org)
Some patients with gall bladder disease will be icteric (jaundiced). (vetspecialty.com)
Patients often ask about natural remedies such as the myth of cleansing the gallbladder with olive oil and lemon juice. (ccsurgery.com)
Often, patients with gallbladder issues are told they're iron deficient. (gallbladderdiet.com)
Hepatobiliary disease is a common problem in patients presenting to emergency departments or primary care settings. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Focused bedside ultrasonography (BUS) is an increasingly available and helpful diagnostic tool that can further evaluate patients with suspected biliary disease. (medscape.com)
Patients that present with history and physical exams consistent with biliary disease should undergo a focused bedside biliarysonography. (medscape.com)
During this same period 88 (0.82%) patients had gallbladder carcinoma, none of which showed calcification of the wall. (nih.gov)

Their availability for duty and deployability are adversely impacted during the evaluation, surgical treatment, and convalescence associated with gallbladder disease. (health.mil)

Anthroposophic medicinal product for gastrointestinal diseases and gallbladder problems. (eliveragroup.com)
Chamomilla, Radix 2% is an anthroposophic medicine for gastrointestinal diseases and gallbladder problems. (eliveragroup.com)
Some gastrointestinal diseases, such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease, cause general malabsorption of all kinds of nutrients. (clevelandclinic.org)

Gallstones can cause right upper quadrant pain which can radiate to the right subscapular region (biliary colic) and can follow or fatty meal which stimulates gallbladder contraction. (richardriccamd.com)
Although free radicals help fight off pathogens, they start doing damage to fatty tissue, DNA, and proteins when there are too many and this can lead to a wide variety of diseases over time. (diagnose-me.com)

Ultrasonography of the gallbladder is included as part of the digestive diseases component of the NHANES III. (cdc.gov)
In addition to ultrasonography, the digestive diseases component will also obtain information from interviews with sample persons. (cdc.gov)
Digestive diseases represent the third largest economic burden of illness in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Gallbladder disease is the most costly digestive illness, generating more than a billion dollars per year in direct costs for medical care. (cdc.gov)
Intestinal and digestive conditions, like celiac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and Helicobacter pylori infection can decrease the body's ability to absorb iron properly. (gallbladderdiet.com)
Bile is an important digestive fluid that is produced by the liver and stored in a concentrated form within the gallbladder. (scientificworld.in)

Multiple sexual partners and an increased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases increase the risk of PID in adolescents. (medicinenet.com)
Although not as prevalent, the incidence of gallbladder disease is on the rise in dogs and cats. (drjudymorgan.com)
ORRHES) requested that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Tennessee Cancer Registry (TCR) of the Tennessee Department of Health assess the incidence of cancer in this area. (cdc.gov)

As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through the common bile duct. (oneidahealth.org)

Anatomy2

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes1

Health Care1

Geographicals1

Perforation of the gallbladder: analysis of 19 cases. (1/337)

Early detection by ultrasound scan of severe post-chemotherapy gut complications in patients with acute leukemia. (2/337)

Gall bladder emptying in severe idiopathic constipation. (3/337)

Functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas. (4/337)

Enterogastric reflux mimicking gallbladder disease: detection, quantitation and potential significance. (5/337)

Anesthetic implications of laparoscopic surgery. (6/337)

Endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of polypoid gall bladder lesions: analysis in surgical and follow up series. (7/337)

Laparoscopic and laparotomic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial comparing postoperative respiratory function. (8/337)

Gallbladder Diseases

Gallbladder

Gallbladder Neoplasms

Cholecystectomy

Cholecystitis

Gallbladder Emptying

Cholelithiasis

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic

Cholecystography

Gallstones

Imino Acids

Cholecystitis, Acute

Cholecystolithiasis

Biliary Dyskinesia

Acalculous Cholecystitis

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin

Polyps

Desogestrel

Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic

Ultrasonography

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde

Scotland

Retrospective Studies

Bile

Perforation of the gallbladder: analysis of 19 cases. (1/337)

Early detection by ultrasound scan of severe post-chemotherapy gut complications in patients with acute leukemia. (2/337)

Gall bladder emptying in severe idiopathic constipation. (3/337)

Functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas. (4/337)

Enterogastric reflux mimicking gallbladder disease: detection, quantitation and potential significance. (5/337)

Anesthetic implications of laparoscopic surgery. (6/337)

Endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of polypoid gall bladder lesions: analysis in surgical and follow up series. (7/337)

Laparoscopic and laparotomic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial comparing postoperative respiratory function. (8/337)

Gallbladder disease

Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy

Ascending cholangitis

Cholecystectomy

Estrogen (medication)

Signs and symptoms

Biliary colic

Gallstone

Common bile duct stone

Spiral folds of cystic duct

Biliary disease

Iridology

Tammy Wynette

Alcohol and cancer

Ethinylestradiol

2011 Fuzhou, Jiangxi bombings

Coronary Drug Project

Lépine's sign

Bile

Very-low-calorie diet

Sebastian Petrycy

Hepatomegaly

Abdomen

Scintigraphy

Cholecystostomy

Todd Baron

Canine gallbladder mucocele

Gallbladder

Olivia Shakespear

Feminizing hormone therapy

Gallbladder disease - Wikipedia

Gallbladder and Biliary Disease | Medscape

Pediatric Gallbladder Disease Surgery: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

Treatment of Gallbladder Disease During Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom - SAGES Abstract Archives

Update: Gallbladder Disease and Cholecystectomies, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2014-2018 | Health.mil

Gallbladder Disease - Roper St Francis

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease - Liver and Gallbladder Disorders - Merck Manuals Consumer Version

Value of initial radiological investigations in patients admitted to hospital with appendicitis, acute gallbladder disease or...

Canine Gall Bladder Disease - Veterinary Specialty Center

gall bladder diseases | NAL Agricultural Thesaurus

Epidemiology Of Gallbladder Disease In An Appalachian Community

XIX. Diseases of the Liver and Gall Bladder. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage

Gallbladder Disease - DRSHIM

Gallbladder Disease - Oneida Health

What Causes Stomach Pain in Girls? 20 Possible Causes

Bedside Ultrasonography for Gallbladder Disease: Overview, Indications, Contraindications

Estratest H.S. Tablets, Estratest Tablets (Solvay), Drug Reference Encyclopedia

Gallbladder