A benign neoplasm that usually arises from the sympathetic trunk in the mediastinum. Histologic features include spindle cell proliferation (resembling a neurofibroma) and the presence of large ganglion cells. The tumor may present clinically with HORNER SYNDROME or diarrhea due to ectopic production of vasoactive intestinal peptide. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p966)
A moderately malignant neoplasm composed of primitive neuroectodermal cells dispersed in myxomatous or fibrous stroma intermixed with mature ganglion cells. It may undergo transformation into a neuroblastoma. It arises from the sympathetic trunk or less frequently from the adrenal medulla, cerebral cortex, and other locations. Cervical ganglioneuroblastomas may be associated with HORNER SYNDROME and the tumor may occasionally secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide, resulting in chronic diarrhea.
Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.
Vanilmandelic acid (VMA) is a major metabolite of catecholamines, specifically normetanephrine and metanephrine, which are produced by the adrenal gland and can be measured in urine to help diagnose pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma.
Neoplasms composed of fatty tissue or connective tissue made up of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in adipose tissue.
Retroperitoneal neoplasms are a diverse group of tumors that originate in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the peritoneum and includes the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and major blood vessels.
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)
The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones.
Surgical incision or puncture into a URINARY BLADDER. Cystotomy may be used to remove URINARY CALCULI, or to perform tissue repair and reconstruction.
Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.
Thoracic neoplasms are a broad category of abnormal growths or tumors that originate within the thorax, encompassing malignant (cancerous) and benign (non-cancerous) forms, which can affect structures such as the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall.
Large crested BIRDS in the family Cacatuidae, found in Australia, New Guinea, and islands adjacent to the Philippines. The cockatiel (species Nymphicus hollandicus) is much smaller.
Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)
Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)
Unanticipated information discovered in the course of testing or medical care. Used in discussions of information that may have social or psychological consequences, such as when it is learned that a child's biological father is someone other than the putative father, or that a person tested for one disease or disorder has, or is at risk for, something else.
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.

Ganglioneuromas and renal anomalies are induced by activated RET(MEN2B) in transgenic mice. (1/152)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytomas, musculoskeletal anomalies and mucosal ganglioneuromas. MEN2B is caused by a specific mutation (Met918-->Thr) in the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. Different mutations of RET lead to other conditions including MEN2A, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and intestinal aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease). Transgenic mice were created using the dopamine beta-hydroxylase promoter to direct expression of RET(MEN2B) in the developing sympathetic and enteric nervous systems and the adrenal medulla. DbetaH-RET(MEN2B) transgenic mice developed benign neuroglial tumors, histologically identical to human ganglioneuromas, in their sympathetic nervous systems and adrenal glands. The enteric nervous system was not affected. The neoplasms in DbetaH-RET(MEN2B) mice were similar to benign neuroglial tumors induced in transgenic mice by activated Ras expression under control of the same promoter. Levels of phosphorylated MAP kinase were not increased in the RET(MEN2B)-induced neurolglial proliferations, suggesting that alternative pathways may play a role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Transgenic mice with the highest levels of DbetaH-RET(MEN2B) expression, unexpectedly developed renal malformations analogous to those reported with loss of function mutations in the Ret gene.  (+info)

Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B: implications for treatment. (2/152)

Three infants, who presented with intestinal obstruction due to diffuse transmural intestinal ganglioneuromatosis, are described. Mutation analysis of exon 16 of the RET proto-oncogene revealed germline M918T and thus, a molecular diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B). Two infants developed medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. The third had a prophylactic thyroidectomy despite no obvious thyroid masses and normal calcitonin concentrations, but microscopic multifocal medullary carcinoma was found on histological examination. Early recognition of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis with germline RET M918T mutation in pseudo-Hirschsprung's disease is an indication for prophylactic thyroidectomy.  (+info)

Telomerase activity distinguishes between neuroblastomas with good and poor prognosis. (3/152)

BACKGROUND: Treatment of neuroblastoma has remained a major challenge in pediatric oncology because the assessment of the individual prognosis, particularly in disseminated disease is still obscure. Previous studies have correlated clinical outcome with activity levels of telomerase, a cellular reverse transcriptase which has been detected in the majority of human malignant tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this blind-trial study, a non-radioactive telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) with an internal telomerase-assay standard was used on an automated laser fluorescence sequencer for the detection and semiquantitative analysis of telomerase activity (TA) in 67 neuroblastomas of all clinical stages from the German Neuroblastoma Trial and 2 ganglioneuromas. TA levels were correlated with event-free and overall survival rates and established prognostic markers such as MYCN. RESULTS: TA was present in 14 of 69 (20%) samples, including 3 of 22 stage IVS, 8 of 14 stage IV, 1 of 10 stage III, 1 of 7 stage II and 1 of 14 stage I neuroblastomas and 0 of 2 ganglioneuromas. We found a strong statistical correlation between the presence of TA and poor clinical prognosis with regard to all tumor stages. Multivariate analysis revealed TA as an independent prognostic marker. In particular, the analysis of TA in IVS neuroblastomas distinguished two different prognostic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that TA is an independent prognostic marker in neuroblastoma which, in combination with other markers such as MYCN, may proof useful in assessing the individual patient's prognosis.  (+info)

Anaplastic gangliocytoma with eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in a cow. (4/152)

In a 3-year-old Holstein cow, a tumor mass replaced the left olfactory bulb. The tumor was highly or moderately cellular, and consisted of tumor cells showing pleomorphism and anaplasia, sometimes with intracytoplasmic granules. The tumor showed weak reactivity for neurofilaments (NF) in most cells with distinct staining in a minority, and it was extremely rare to see neoplastic cells with positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The neoplastic cells displayed some ultrastructural features reminiscent of ganglionic cells, and the cytoplasmic granularity was due to the presence of numerous lysosomes. This tumor expressing both NF and GFAP may be histogenetically related to brain tumors of pluripotential cell origin in calves.  (+info)

Ganglion-cell tumor of the filum terminale: immunohistochemical characterization. (5/152)

A case of an unusual spinal neuronal tumor is described in a 36-year-old woman presenting with a buttock pain. The spinal tumor was fully characterized by neuroradiological means, and in particular MRI was of significant value in delineating the extension of the tumor within the spinal canal and its exophitic growth pattern. Pathologically, a well circumscribed tumor originating from the intradural filum terminale characteristically comprised both large and small cells, resembling mature and immature neuronal cells, respectively. In addition, two neuronal markers, i.e., chromogranin A (CGA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and other markers such as glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, HNK-1, tyrosine hydroxylase and beta 2-microgloblin were investigated immunohistochemically. We found that both neuronal cells expressed immunoreactivity for CGA and NSE, and small neuronal cells showed more intense CGA immunoreactivity, indicating an earlier stage of neuronal differentiation. Weakly positive immunoreactivity for HNK-1 was also demonstrated in small neuronal cells, consistent with evidence of maturation along a neuronal differentiation. From these findings a pathological diagnosis of ganglioneuroma was made. This unique group of ganglion-cell spinal tumors is reviewed in the literature and differential diagnosis and immunohistochemical features are discussed.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin type 2A receptor in neuroendocrine tumors. (6/152)

Somatostatin (SS) and SS analogues inhibit the growth of various kinds of endocrine and exocrine cells via the SS receptor (SSTR). Carcinoid tumor is representative of the tumors treatable by SS analogues. We examined the expression of SSTR2A by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods with a specific antibody against a synthesized 20-amino acid peptide of the COOH terminus of human SSTR2A and oligonucleotide probes in 62 endocrine tumors of various kinds: pancreatic endocrine tumor; carcinoid; neuroendocrine carcinoma; medullary thyroid carcinoma; pheochromocytoma; and small cell carcinoma of the lung, neuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma. SSTR2A was expressed in 87% of these tumors and at both primary and metastatic sites. The immunohistochemical reactivity of SSTR2A was strong on the cell membrane and less intense in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. SSTR2A mRNA was also detected in the tumor cells. The results indicate the usefulness of SSTR2A analogues for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors, even metastatic ones: metastatic carcinoids, metastatic pheochromocytomas, tumors that adhered to large vessels, and neuroendocrine carcinomas.  (+info)

C-cell hyperplasia, pheochromocytoma and sympathoadrenal malformation in a mouse model of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. (7/152)

Dominantly inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) is characterized by tumors of the thyroid C-cells and adrenal chromaffin cells, together with ganglioneuromas of the gastrointestinal tract and other developmental abnormalities. Most cases are caused by substitution of threonine for Met918 in the RET receptor tyrosine kinase, which is believed to convert the RET gene to an oncogene by altering the enzyme's substrate specificity. We report the production of a mouse model of MEN2B by introduction of the corresponding mutation into the ret gene. Mutant mice displayed C-cell hyperplasia and chromaffin cell hyperplasia progressing to pheochromocytoma. Homozygotes did not develop gastrointestinal ganglioneuromas, but displayed ganglioneuromas of the adrenal medulla, enlargement of the associated sympathetic ganglia and a male reproductive defect. Surprisingly, homozygotes did not display any developmental defects attributable to a loss-of-function mutation. Thus, while our results support the conclusion that the Met918Thr substitution is responsible for MEN2B, they suggest that the substrate specificity of the RET kinase does not interfere with its normal role in the development of the kidneys and enteric nervous system.  (+info)

Lymphohistiocytoid mesothelioma. An often misdiagnosed variant of sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma. (8/152)

Three cases of lympho-histiocytoid mesothelioma, a rare variant of pleural sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma, are described. Histologically, the neoplasms were characterized by a diffuse discohesive proliferation of atypical histiocytoid cells intermixed with a marked lymphocytic and lesser plasmacytic infiltrate. One case initially was misdiagnosed as a ganglioneuroma, a second case was misinterpreted as malignant lymphoma, and a third case was sent in consultation with the differential diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor vs mesothelioma. Immunohistochemical studies showed strong and generalized expression of cytokeratins and vimentin by the neoplastic histiocytoid cells in all 3 cases. Two cases were positive for calretinin, one of which also was positive for HBME-1, thrombomodulin, and LeuM1. None of the cases stained with the epithelial glycoprotein markers carcinoembryonic antigen, B72.3, and Ber-EP4, or the blood group antigen, BG-8. The immunophenotype of the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate revealed predominantly reactive, mature T cells, with fewer polytypic plasma cells, histiocytes, and B cells. In lymphohistiocytoid mesothelioma, as in the usual examples of sarcomatoid mesothelioma, the demonstration of cytokeratin expression by the neoplastic cells is the most useful diagnostic finding that allows exclusion of other neoplasms with which this entity may be confused.  (+info)

A ganglioneuroma is a type of benign (noncancerous) tumor that arises from the nerve cells called ganglia in the autonomic nervous system. These tumors typically develop in the abdomen or chest and are most commonly found in children and adolescents, although they can occur at any age.

Ganglioneuromas are composed of mature nerve cells (ganglion cells) and supporting tissue called stroma. They tend to grow slowly and usually do not cause any symptoms unless they become very large or press on nearby organs. In some cases, ganglioneuromas may produce hormones that can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, flushing, or heart palpitations.

While ganglioneuromas are generally benign, there is a small risk that they may become malignant (cancerous) and develop into a type of tumor called a ganglioneuroblastoma or neuroblastoma. For this reason, it is important to monitor these tumors closely and remove them if they grow too large or cause symptoms.

Treatment for ganglioneuromas typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may also be recommended, particularly if there is a risk of malignant transformation.

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare tumor that arises from the neural crest cells, which are immature cells in the sympathetic nervous system. It typically occurs in children who are younger than 10 years old, with most diagnoses occurring within the first year of life. The tumor can develop anywhere along the sympathetic nervous system but is most commonly found in the adrenal glands (small glands located on top of each kidney) or along the spine.

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a type of neuroblastoma, which is a broader category of tumors that also arise from neural crest cells. Ganglioneuroblastomas are unique within this group because they have a mix of both mature and immature cells. The presence of these more mature cells can make ganglioneuroblastomas less aggressive than other neuroblastomas, although the behavior of the tumor can vary widely depending on factors such as its size, location, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body (metastasized).

Treatment for ganglioneuroblastoma typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The specific approach will depend on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the stage and aggressiveness of the tumor. With appropriate treatment, many children with ganglioneuroblastoma can achieve long-term survival and even cure.

Adrenal gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the adrenal glands. These glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response. Adrenal gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign adrenal tumors are called adenomas and are usually small and asymptomatic. However, some adenomas may produce excessive amounts of hormones, leading to symptoms such as high blood pressure, weight gain, and mood changes.

Malignant adrenal tumors are called adrenocortical carcinomas and are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma may include abdominal pain, weight loss, and hormonal imbalances.

It is important to diagnose and treat adrenal gland neoplasms early to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Diagnostic tests may include imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as hormone level testing and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Vanilmandelic acid (VMA) is a metabolite produced in the body as a result of the breakdown of catecholamines, which are hormones such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Specifically, VMA is the major end product of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism.

In clinical medicine, measurement of VMA in urine is often used as a diagnostic test for pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland and can cause excessive production of catecholamines. Elevated levels of VMA in the urine may indicate the presence of a pheochromocytoma or other conditions associated with increased catecholamine secretion, such as neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroma.

It's important to note that while VMA is a useful diagnostic marker for pheochromocytoma and related conditions, it is not specific to these disorders and can be elevated in other medical conditions as well. Therefore, the test should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and diagnostic tests.

Neoplasms in adipose tissue refer to abnormal and excessive growths of cells that form tumors within the fatty connective tissue. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms, such as lipomas, are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites in the body (metastasis). An example of a malignant neoplasm in adipose tissue is liposarcoma. It's important to note that while some neoplasms may not cause any symptoms, others can cause pain, swelling or other uncomfortable sensations, and therefore should be evaluated by a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Retroperitoneal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the retroperitoneal space. This is the area located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. The retroperitoneal space contains several vital structures such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, aorta, and lymphatic vessels.

Retroperitoneal neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant retroperitoneal neoplasms are often aggressive and can invade surrounding tissues and organs, leading to various complications. Common types of retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas, sarcomas, and metastatic tumors from other primary sites. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor but can include abdominal or back pain, weight loss, and swelling in the legs. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI, followed by a biopsy to determine the type and grade of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Neuroblastoma is defined as a type of cancer that develops from immature nerve cells found in the fetal or early postnatal period, called neuroblasts. It typically occurs in infants and young children, with around 90% of cases diagnosed before age five. The tumors often originate in the adrenal glands but can also arise in the neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. Neuroblastoma is characterized by its ability to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, including bones, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and skin. The severity and prognosis of neuroblastoma can vary widely, depending on factors such as the patient's age at diagnosis, stage of the disease, and specific genetic features of the tumor.

The middle cranial fossa is a depression or hollow in the skull that forms the upper and central portion of the cranial cavity. It is located between the anterior cranial fossa (which lies anteriorly) and the posterior cranial fossa (which lies posteriorly). The middle cranial fossa contains several important structures, including the temporal lobes of the brain, the pituitary gland, the optic chiasm, and the cavernous sinuses. It is also where many of the cranial nerves pass through on their way to the brain.

The middle cranial fossa can be further divided into two parts: the anterior and posterior fossae. The anterior fossa contains the optic chiasm and the pituitary gland, while the posterior fossa contains the temporal lobes of the brain and the cavernous sinuses.

The middle cranial fossa is formed by several bones of the skull, including the sphenoid bone, the temporal bone, and the parietal bone. The shape and size of the middle cranial fossa can vary from person to person, and abnormalities in its structure can be associated with various medical conditions, such as pituitary tumors or aneurysms.

Cystotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision into the urinary bladder. This type of surgery may be performed for various reasons, such as to remove bladder stones, to take a biopsy of the bladder tissue, or to repair damage to the bladder.

During a cystotomy, a veterinarian or surgeon makes an incision in the bladder and then carefully inspects the interior of the organ. Any abnormalities, such as bladder stones or tumors, can be removed during the procedure. The incision is then closed with sutures or staples.

Cystotomy is typically performed under general anesthesia, and patients will need to recover in a veterinary hospital or surgical center for several days following the procedure. During recovery, they may require pain medication and antibiotics to prevent infection. It's important to follow all post-operative instructions carefully to ensure proper healing.

Trigeminal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the cranial nerves responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. The trigeminal nerve has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which innervate different parts of the face and head.

Trigeminal nerve diseases can cause various symptoms, including facial pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. Some common trigeminal nerve diseases include:

1. Trigeminal neuralgia: A chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, causing intense, stabbing, or electric shock-like pain in the face.
2. Hemifacial spasm: A neuromuscular disorder that causes involuntary muscle spasms on one side of the face, often affecting the muscles around the eye and mouth.
3. Trigeminal neuropathy: Damage or injury to the trigeminal nerve, which can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the face.
4. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome): A viral infection that affects the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion of the trigeminal nerve, causing facial paralysis, ear pain, and a rash around the ear.
5. Microvascular compression: Compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel, which can cause symptoms similar to trigeminal neuralgia.

Treatment for trigeminal nerve diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

Thoracic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the thorax, which is the area of the body that includes the chest and lungs. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant thoracic neoplasms are often referred to as lung cancer, but they can also include other types of cancer such as mesothelioma, thymoma, and esophageal cancer.

Thoracic neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size. Common symptoms include coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment options for thoracic neoplasms depend on the type, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Cockatoos are a group of parrots that make up the family Cacatuidae. They are characterized by their distinctive crest on top of their heads, which they can raise or lower depending on their mood. Cockatoos come in a variety of sizes and colors, with some species having black, white, pink, or gray feathers.

Cockatoos are known for their intelligence and ability to mimic human speech, although not all species have this ability. They are also known for being social birds that form strong bonds with their mates and families. Many cockatoo species are popular as pets due to their friendly and affectionate personalities.

In terms of medical concerns, cockatoos can suffer from a variety of health issues, including feather-plucking, obesity, and behavioral problems. They require a balanced diet, plenty of mental and physical stimulation, and regular veterinary care to maintain their health and well-being.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors, such as schwannomas and neurofibromas, grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), can invade nearby tissues and may metastasize (spread) to other organs.

PNS neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size. Common symptoms include pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the affected area. In some cases, PNS neoplasms may not cause any symptoms until they become quite large. Treatment options for PNS neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Neuroepithelial neoplasms are a type of tumor that arises from the neuroepithelium, which is the tissue in the developing embryo that gives rise to the nervous system. These tumors can occur anywhere along the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) or the peripheral nerves.

Neuroepithelial neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and they can vary widely in their behavior and prognosis. Some common types of neuroepithelial neoplasms include:

1. Astrocytomas: These are tumors that arise from astrocytes, a type of star-shaped glial cell in the brain. Astrocytomas can be low-grade (slow-growing) or high-grade (fast-growing), and they can occur in different parts of the brain.
2. Oligodendrogliomas: These are tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell that provides support and insulation to nerve cells in the brain. Oligodendrogliomas are typically low-grade and slow-growing.
3. Ependymomas: These are tumors that arise from the ependyma, which is the tissue that lines the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain and the spinal cord canal. Ependymomas can be benign or malignant, and they can occur in the brain or the spinal cord.
4. Medulloblastomas: These are fast-growing tumors that arise from primitive neuroectodermal cells in the cerebellum (the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination). Medulloblastomas are highly malignant and can spread to other parts of the brain and spinal cord.
5. Glioblastomas: These are the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor. They arise from astrocytes and can grow rapidly, invading surrounding brain tissue.

Neuroepithelial neoplasms are typically treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and location of the tumor. The prognosis varies widely depending on the specific type and stage of the tumor.

Incidental findings are diagnoses or conditions that are discovered unintentionally while evaluating a patient for a different condition or symptom. These findings are not related to the primary reason for the medical examination, investigation, or procedure. They can occur in various contexts such as radiology studies, laboratory tests, or physical examinations.

Incidental findings can sometimes lead to further evaluation and management, depending on their nature and potential clinical significance. However, they also pose challenges related to communication, informed consent, and potential patient anxiety or harm. Therefore, it is essential to have clear guidelines for managing incidental findings in clinical practice.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, which are triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. These tumors produce excessive amounts of hormones called catecholamines, including adrenaline and noradrenaline. This can lead to a variety of symptoms such as high blood pressure, sweating, headaches, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety.

Pheochromocytomas are typically slow-growing and can be benign or malignant (cancerous). While the exact cause of these tumors is not always known, some genetic factors have been identified that may increase a person's risk. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with medications to manage symptoms and control blood pressure before and after surgery.

Mediastinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors located in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs and contains various vital structures such as the heart, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves. Mediastinal neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from any of the tissues or organs within the mediastinum.

Benign mediastinal neoplasms may include thymomas, lipomas, neurofibromas, or teratomas, among others. These tumors are typically slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause symptoms or complications by compressing adjacent structures within the mediastinum, such as the airways, blood vessels, or nerves.

Malignant mediastinal neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Common types of malignant mediastinal neoplasms include thymic carcinomas, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors often require aggressive treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, to control their growth and spread.

It is important to note that mediastinal neoplasms can present with various symptoms depending on their location, size, and type. Some patients may be asymptomatic, while others may experience cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, or swallowing difficulties. A thorough diagnostic workup, including imaging studies and biopsies, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment for mediastinal neoplasms.

Ganglioneuromas are solid, firm tumours that typically are white when seen with the naked eye.[citation needed] Ganglioneuromas ... Most ganglioneuromas are noncancerous, thus expected outcome is usually good. However, a ganglioneuroma may become cancerous ... Because ganglioneuromas are benign, treatment may not be necessary, as it would expose patients to more risk than leaving it ... Ganglioneuroma is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia, which are ...
Ganglioneuroma - a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells. Pacinian neuroma - a very rare, ... Gross, Kenneth (2006-09-25). "Ganglioneuroma". Retrieved 2007-05-09. Zanardi F, Cooke RM, Maiorana A, Curti S, Farioli A, ... like ganglioneuromas and neurinomas. The term is also used to refer to any swelling of a nerve, even in the absence of abnormal ...
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: an infrequent tumor]". Actas Urol Esp (in Spanish). 16 (9): 736-8. PMID 1488928. The Ectodomain ...
... or ganglioneuroma". Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 35 (4): 699-724, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2006.09.014 ...
These are typically ganglioneuromas or ganglioneuroblastomas. Neural crest tumors have the ability to form in multiple organs ... These tumors are typically classified as ganglioneuroma or ganglioneuroblastomas. These tumors are not believed to ...
Others are retrorectal hamartoma (tailgut cyst), schwannoma, ganglioneuroma, and ependymoma. Also sometimes found here is an ...
Ganglioneuroma "National Library of Medicine - Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) - Ganglion Cyst". Archived from the original on ...
Ganglioneuroma, a tumor in the nerve cells of the peripheral nervous system. The adrenal medulla may be poorly formed or absent ...
"Choroidal ganglioneuroma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report". Eye (Lond). 20 (12): 1450-1. doi:10.1038/ ...
It is contained within the neuroblastic tumors group, which includes: Ganglioneuroma (benign) Ganglioneuroblastoma ( ...
... but less aggressive tumors composed of more mature neural cells include ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Neuroblastic ...
Ganglion cyst Ganglioneuroma Gardner fibroma Genital leiomyoma (dartoic leiomyoma) Giant cell fibroblastoma Giant cell tumor of ...
Hyperaldosteronism Hyperandrogenism Adrenal gland Adrenal paraganglioma Adrenal Pheochromocytoma Adrenal ganglioneuroma " ...
... ganglioneuroma MeSH C04.557.470.670.380 - glioma MeSH C04.557.470.670.380.080 - astrocytoma MeSH C04.557.470.670.380.080.335 - ... ganglioneuroma MeSH C04.557.465.625.600.380 - glioma MeSH C04.557.465.625.600.380.080 - astrocytoma MeSH C04.557.465.625. ... ganglioneuroma MeSH C04.557.580.625.600.380 - glioma MeSH C04.557.580.625.600.380.080 - astrocytoma MeSH C04.557.580.625. ...
... or in a ganglioneuroma, or in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or has a metastatic character. The growth ...
... represented by ganglion cells and/or well-differentiated or poorly differentiated neuroblastic cells such as ganglioneuroma, ... ectodermal component may be sometimes scanty and can be overlooked whereas in specimens after chemotherapy the ganglioneuroma ...
... children with BWS have been shown in individual case reports to develop ganglioneuroma, adrenocortical carcinoma, acute ...
NOS M9490/0 Ganglioneuroma M9490/3 Ganglioneuroblastoma M9491/0 Ganglioneuromatosis M9492/0 Gangliocytoma M9493/0 Dysplastic ...
Teratoma Lipoma Ganglioneuroma Myxopapillary ependymoma Primitive neuroectodermal tumor Aneurysmal bone cyst Ewing's sarcoma ...
... that have similar origins and show a wide pattern of differentiation ranging from benign ganglioneuroma to stroma-rich ...
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor Neuroepitheliomatous tumors Ganglioneuroma, Neuroblastoma, Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, ...
Examples include: Sympathoadrenal system tumors: pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma ...
Ganglioneuromas are solid, firm tumours that typically are white when seen with the naked eye.[citation needed] Ganglioneuromas ... Most ganglioneuromas are noncancerous, thus expected outcome is usually good. However, a ganglioneuroma may become cancerous ... Because ganglioneuromas are benign, treatment may not be necessary, as it would expose patients to more risk than leaving it ... Ganglioneuroma is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia, which are ...
Ganglioneuroma is a tumor of the autonomic nervous system. ... Ganglioneuroma is a tumor of the autonomic nervous system. ... Most ganglioneuromas are noncancerous. The expected outcome is usually good. A ganglioneuroma may become cancerous and spread ... A ganglioneuroma usually causes no symptoms. The tumor is only discovered when a person is examined or treated for another ... Ganglioneuromas usually occur in people over 10 years of age. They grow slowly, and may release certain chemicals or hormones. ...
Along with neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas are collectively known as neuroblastic or neurogenic ... Ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas are tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that originate from neural crest ... Imaging Analysis of Ganglioneuroma and Quantitative Analysis of Paraspinal Ganglioneuroma. Med Sci Monit. 2019 Jul 15. 25:5263- ... Ganglioneuromas. Retroperitoneal and adrenal ganglioneuromas appear well-defined. Their shape ranges from round to lobulated, ...
The right chest was opened through the 4th intercostal space, and the mass was approached extrapleurally ...
... ODERDA, Marco;E. Cattaneo;F. Soria; ... A ganglioneuroma (GN) is the rarest and most benign of the neuroblastic tumors and originates from neural crest cells wherever ... A ganglioneuroma (GN) is the rarest and most benign of the neuroblastic tumors and originates from neural crest cells wherever ...
... Smooth submucosal-appearing polypoid lesion in the rectum of a 51 year-old woman undergoing colonoscopy for ...
Tag: Colonic Polypoid Ganglioneuroma. Colonic Polypoid Ganglioneuroma April 2015 • Volume XXXIX, Issue 4 ...
A neuroblastoma transformed into a ganglioneuroma was well studied by the use of large sections which allowed the observation ... A neuroblastoma transformed into a ganglioneuroma was well studied by the use of large sections which allowed the observation ... Maturation of Neuroblastoma to Ganglioneuroma. Am J Dis Child. 1970;120(3):217-222. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1970.02100080101007 ...
x000D_ Discussion: Ganglioneuromas are a slow growing rare benign tumors that originate from the neural crest and typically ... Ganglioneuroma is a rare benign neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system. Although uncommon, the diagnosis must be considered ... V11-09: Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Excision of a Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma. V11-09: Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic ... We describe the case of an incidentally found ganglioneuroma in a woman. To our knowledge this is the first described case of ...
This demonstrates novel finding of pancreatic ganglioneuroma occurring in the elderly. Lesion inclusion in the differential ... Fine-needle endoscopic ultrasound-guided core biopsy revealed characteristic histopathology of ganglioneuroma, as confirmed by ... Pancreatic ganglioneuromas occur mostly in children and rarely in young adults, with no cases reported in adults older than 60 ... Pancreatic ganglioneuromas occur mostly in children and rarely in young adults, with no cases reported in adults older than 60 ...
Primary adrenal ganglioneuroma: a case reportand review of the literature. Author: Pachauri Avtar, Chaudhary Monu and Vasudevan ... An Adrenal Ganglioneuroma (AGN) is an extremely rare, hormonally silent benign tumor. It is common for AGNs to be erroneously ... Here, the present authors report a case of giant adrenal ganglioneuroma in a 25-year-old female presenting with vague right ... Therefore it is imperative that, in work-up of adrenal incidentalomas, other less common aetiologies such as ganglioneuroma ...
Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma S Karki, A K Sinha, P Upadhyaya, M Agarwal, A Pradhan, P Paudyal, S U Kafle, G Kattel, R K ...
Ganglioneuroma : Intro & Gross. High Quality Pathology Images of Soft Tissue, Peripheral Nerve, Ganglioneuroma. ... Grossly, ganglioneuroma may have a trabecular or whorled appearance resembling a leiomyoma. The cut surface is homogenous pink- ...
Ganglioneuroma / complications * Ganglioneuroma / diagnostic imaging * Humans * Hydrocephalus / complications * Hydrocephalus ...
Ganglioneuroma (GN) is ranked by the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification as a benign tumor. It can occur ... Ganglioneuroma was diagnosed using immunohistochemical analysis. It was decided to use a surgical approach in two stages robot ... Ganglioneuroma Neoplasias Retroperitoneais Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos Adolescente Terapia Combinada Feminino ... Robotic and standard surgical intervention as adjunct therapies for retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma resection: a case report.. ...
Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma.. MEN Syndromes.. Skin diseases. Epithelial tumors: benign and ...
Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are well-differentiated, rare benign tumors of neural crest origin and are, for the most part, considered ... Keywords: Ganglioneuroma, malign transformation, radiotherapy, NEUROBLASTOMA, SACRUM, TUMORS * Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan University ... An urban legend: Malignant transformation caused by radiotherapy in patients with presacral ganglioneuroma. The necessity and ...
Giant cervicothoracic ganglioneuroma Zhang, Ji; Li, Jin; Shrestha, Rajendra; Jiang, Shu. *Cerebellar distortion after a ...
This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Pheochromocytoma, Paroxysmal Hypertension.
Kroll, P.; Busse, H.; Bergmann, M.: Choroidales Ganglioneurom im Kindesalter Choroidal Ganglioneuroma in Childhood * Full Text ...
Ganglioneuroma: to operate or not to operate. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2014;24:25-30. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [ ... Yang T, Huang Y, Xu T, Tan T, Yang J, Pan J, Hu C, Li J, Zou Y. Surgical management and outcomes of ganglioneuroma and ... Retrospective study of childhood ganglioneuroma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:1710-1716. [PubMed] [DOI] [Cited in This Article: ] [ ... Characteristics and management of ganglioneuroma and ganglioneuroblastoma-intermixed in children and adolescents. Pediatr Blood ...
Ganglioneuroma masquerading as spinal pain [case report] *Kettner NW. *Osterhouse MD. *Birrer PT ...
51 Brouwers FM, Eisenhofer G, Lenders JW, Pacak K. Emergencies caused by pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, or ganglioneuroma. ...
Individuals with multiple ganglioneuromas or gastrointestinal hamartomas should be genetically evaluated for Cowdens syndrome ...
Brock CL, Brock CL, Sharma A, Villada FA, Schubert J. Mediastinal ganglioneuroma with osseous invasion simulating malignant ...
Posterior mediastinum: dorsal to large conducting airways - neurogenic tumors: schwannoma, neurofibroma, ganglioneuroma, ...
Neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas and phaeochromocytomas with significant concentrations of NPY-like immunoreactivity were ...
These cells are believed to be the precursors of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas. ...
Interestingly, a number of these patients have been reported to have neural tumors such as ganglioneuromas and ... Keens TGCongenital central hypoventilation syndrome associated with multiple ganglioneuromas. Chest961989423424 Crossref, ... ganglioneuromas [138, 140], ganglioneuroblastomas [138]), swallowing dysfunction when young (138, 141, 142), and minor ocular ...
... ganglioneuromas, schwannomas, perineuriomas and granular cell tumors [2]. Neurofibromas can be solitary, multiple or plexiform ...
  • It is contained within the neuroblastic tumors group, which includes: Ganglioneuroma (benign), Ganglioneuroblastoma (intermediate), Neuroblastoma (aggressive). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganglioneuroblastoma is a transitional tumor on the intermediate spectrum of disease between ganglioneuromas and neuroblastomas, containing elements of both malignant neuroblastoma and benign ganglioneuroma. (medscape.com)
  • A neuroblastoma transformed into a ganglioneuroma was well studied by the use of large sections which allowed the observation of the actual transformation of one element into the other. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Ganglioneuroma (GN) is ranked by the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification as a benign tumor . (bvsalud.org)
  • Pancreastatin immunoreactivity in favourable childhood neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. (interscienceinstitute.com)
  • Ganglioneuroblastoma displays a level of maturation and differentiation that is intermediate between the highly aggressive neuroblastoma on one hand and the benign tumor ganglioneuroma at the other end. (webpathology.com)
  • The specificity of our case is the benign evolution of an osteomedullary stage 4 neuroblastoma and its maturation into a ganglioneuroma 6 years after the end of chemotherapy. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • In addition, the evolution of neuroblastoma is unlikely: the tumor can be aggressive and evolves rapidly into a metastatic disease, as it can be "nice" and undergoes regression or maturation (spontaneous or probably induced) into a benign tumor: the ganglioneuroma. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • However, ganglioneuromas themselves are fully differentiated neuronal tumors that do not contain immature elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas most frequently occur in the abdomen, however these tumors can grow anywhere sympathetic nervous tissue is found. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas are rare tumors that most often start in autonomic nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ganglioneuromas (GN) and ganglioneuroblastomas (GNB) are tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that originate from neural crest sympathogonia, which are completely undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Along with neuroblastomas , ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas are collectively known as neuroblastic or neurogenic tumors . (medscape.com)
  • The benign (ganglioneuromas) and malignant (ganglioneuroblastomas) forms of these tumors are virtually identical radiologically. (medscape.com)
  • A ganglioneuroma (GN) is the rarest and most benign of the neuroblastic tumors and originates from neural crest cells wherever sympathetic nervous tissue exists, such as in the retroperitoneum and adrenal gland. (unito.it)
  • x000D_ Discussion: Ganglioneuromas are a slow growing rare benign tumors that originate from the neural crest and typically affect young adults, mostly (80%) being diagnosed before 40 years old. (auanet.org)
  • As in the present case, ganglioneuromas are usually found to be silent, slow growing tumors that are discovered incidentally or by mass compression effect if they become large. (auanet.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are well-differentiated, rare benign tumors of neural crest origin and are, for the most part, considered to be the benign equivalent of neuroblastomas. (erdogan.edu.tr)
  • Ganglioneuroma is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia, which are completely undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • An Adrenal Ganglioneuroma (AGN) is an extremely rare, hormonally silent benign tumor. (journalcra.com)
  • Adrenal ganglioneuroma with multifocal retroperitoneal extension: a challenging diagnosis. (unito.it)
  • Here, the present authors report a case of giant adrenal ganglioneuroma in a 25-year-old female presenting with vague right side abdominal pain, after abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning, the patient underwent an open right adrenalectomy and histopathological examination further confirmed the lesion as giant AGN, which measured 16 cm * 13 cm* 10 cm. (journalcra.com)
  • To our knowledge this is the first described case of robotic excision of a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma. (auanet.org)
  • 1)_x000D_ Objective: To present a case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, describe its surgical management and reviwe current literature. (auanet.org)
  • Although retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a benign lesion, it requires surgical excision for definite treatment, preferable through minimally invasive approach. (auanet.org)
  • Robotic and standard surgical intervention as adjunct therapies for retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma resection: a case report. (bvsalud.org)
  • An urban legend: Malignant transformation caused by radiotherapy in patients with presacral ganglioneuroma. (erdogan.edu.tr)
  • Brock CL, Brock CL, Sharma A, Villada FA, Schubert J. Mediastinal ganglioneuroma with osseous invasion simulating malignant transformation of osteochondroma on CT imaging. (creighton.edu)
  • Ganglioneuroma is a tumor of the autonomic nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The evolution, after six years of stopping treatment, was marked by the maturation of its tumor into a ganglioneuroma. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • Ganglioneuroma is a rare benign neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system. (auanet.org)
  • citation needed] Most ganglioneuromas are noncancerous, thus expected outcome is usually good. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most ganglioneuromas are noncancerous. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These cells are believed to be the precursors of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas. (medscape.com)
  • Complete surgical resection of ganglioneuromas is important, because it allows for good tissue sampling and a thorough pathology examination of the specimen to ensure a correct diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. (medscape.com)
  • however, the diagnosis of ganglioneuroma cannot be based on radiologic findings alone. (medscape.com)
  • Ultrasound and CT imaging may suggest the diagnosis while MRI findings can be specific for Ganglioneuroma. (auanet.org)
  • A ganglioneuroma is typically asymptomatic, and is typically only discovered when being examined or treated for another condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fine-needle endoscopic ultrasound-guided core biopsy revealed characteristic histopathology of ganglioneuroma, as confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for S100, SOX-10, and synaptophysin. (beaumont.org)
  • Ganglioneuroma was diagnosed using immunohistochemical analysis . (bvsalud.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas usually occur in people over 10 years of age. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pancreatic ganglioneuromas occur mostly in children and rarely in young adults, with no cases reported in adults older than 60 years. (beaumont.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning are the preferred methods for imaging ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore it is imperative that, in work-up of adrenal incidentalomas, other less common aetiologies such as ganglioneuroma should be considered, and the latter should be suspected in adrenal mass on imaging without associated hormone hyper production. (journalcra.com)
  • citation needed] Ganglioneuromas can be diagnosed visually by a CT scan, MRI scan, or an ultrasound of the head, abdomen, or pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because ganglioneuromas are benign, treatment may not be necessary, as it would expose patients to more risk than leaving it alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathologically, ganglioneuromas are composed of ganglion cells, Schwann cells and fibrous tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas often present as a solitary, painless, slow-growing mass consisting of ganglion cells, Schwann cells, and fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)
  • We describe the case of an incidentally found ganglioneuroma in a woman. (auanet.org)
  • T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of a ganglioneuroma. (medscape.com)
  • Grossly, ganglioneuroma may have a trabecular or whorled appearance resembling a leiomyoma. (webpathology.com)
  • Presentation of 2 cases of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma (paravertebral and adrenal, respectively), accidentally diagnosed during ultrasound study. (cun.es)
  • Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma with nodal involvement in an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report and review of the literature. (escholarship.org)
  • We present a rare case of a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma found in a human immunodeficiency virus positive adult, which was complicated by lymph node involvement. (escholarship.org)
  • A case of ganglioneuroma presenting as a retroperitoneal mass in a 5-yr-old girl was diagnosed by preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • 11. Total laparoscopic excision of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma using the hanging method and a vessel-sealing device. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Robotic and standard surgical intervention as adjunct therapies for retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma resection: a case report. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Retroperitoneoscopic resection of retroperitoneal nonadrenal ganglioneuromas: our technique and clinical outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma mimicking right adrenal mass. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma encasing the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries. (nih.gov)
  • 20. Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in childhood--a presentation of two cases. (nih.gov)
  • It is diagnosed during infancy and shows notable heterogeneity with regard to both histology and clinical behavior [ 2 , 3 ], ranging from rapid progression associated with metastatic spread and poor clinical outcome to spontaneous, or therapy-induced, regression into benign ganglioneuroma [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 8. Giant Thoracolumbar Dumbbell Ganglioneuroma. (nih.gov)
  • Cervical dumbbell ganglioneuroma producing spinal cord compression. (alfamedica.rs)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning are the preferred methods for imaging ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas. (medscape.com)
  • ganglioneuromas, and ganglioneuroblastomas. (nih.gov)
  • 9. Thoracolumbar paravertebral giant ganglioneuroma and scoliosis: a case report and literature review. (nih.gov)
  • Standard therapy includes en-bloc resection, with accompanying radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy if complete resection is not possible. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Retroperitoneoscopic resection of a T11-L2 right-sided ganglioneuroma. (nih.gov)
  • Pathologically, ganglioneuromas are composed of ganglion cells, Schwann cells and fibrous tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas often present as a solitary, painless, slow-growing mass consisting of ganglion cells, Schwann cells, and fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, this is the first case with multiple spinal ganglioneuromas associated with a pathogenic NF1 mutation. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Lumbar Spinal Immature Ganglioneuroma with Conus Medullaris Invasion: Case Report. (nih.gov)
  • We estimated the dual-phase enhanced CT findings of 258 adrenal masses (42 ganglioneuromas, 216 lipid-poor adenomas) in 258 patients from July 2008 to July 2020 with ganglioneuromas and July 2016 to July 2020 with lipid-poor adenomas. (springeropen.com)
  • However, ganglioneuromas of the cervical spine with intradural extension and multiple locations are extremely rare. (nih.gov)
  • We describe a 32-year-old woman with multiple ganglioneuromas of the cervical, dorsal and lumbar spine associated with a few café-au-lait spots and subcutaneous nodules. (nih.gov)
  • Ganglioneuromas are solid, firm tumours that typically are white when seen with the naked eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Ganglioneuromas can be diagnosed visually by a CT scan, MRI scan, or an ultrasound of the head, abdomen, or pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We aimed to retrospectively compare dual-phase enhanced CT findings which were helpful in distinguishing adrenal ganglioneuromas from adrenal lipid-poor adenomas. (springeropen.com)
  • In particular, when adrenal incidentalomas are detected, it is still a challenge for radiologists to distinguish adrenal ganglioneuromas from adrenal lipid-poor adenomas due to our rare knowledge of adrenal ganglioneuromas [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • A ganglioneuroma is typically asymptomatic, and is typically only discovered when being examined or treated for another condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ganglioneuromas are typically singular in nature, but rarely can present with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. (escholarship.org)
  • 19. Microsurgical excision of ganglioneuroma arising from the C8 nerve root within the neuroforamen. (nih.gov)
  • Ganglioneuromas may be present as an isolated finding and, rarely, in association with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). (nih.gov)
  • lots of info, some good news also, the swollen lymph node turned out to be a ganglioneuroma, nothing to do with the cancer. (cancer.org)
  • Case report: Large adrenal ganglioneuroma. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Adolescent thoracolumbar scoliosis secondary to ganglioneuroma: a two case report. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Intradural Ganglioneuroma Mimicking Lumbar Disc Herniation: Case Report. (nih.gov)
  • A ganglioneuroma may become cancerous and spread to other areas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pathology results revealed metastatic spread of ganglioneuroma to surrounding lymph nodes. (escholarship.org)