Garcinia kola
Garcinia mangostana
Plant Extracts
Seeds
Some physical properties of tabletted seed of Garcinia kola (HECKEL). (1/10)
The formulation of Garcinia kola seeds into tablet dosage form and evaluation of some physical properties of the tablets are presented. A chemical assay was conducted on the dry, powdered seeds as well as the crude aqueous extract of the seeds. The dry powdered seeds contain 0.003% of flavonoids while the crude extract contained 0.007% of flavonoids based on rutin used as the standard. The powdered material (50 mg) and crude extract (10 mg) were formulated into tablets using the wet granulation method. Named binders were evaluated in these formulations. The various tablet parameters were evaluated, namely: weight variation, thickness and diameter, hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution profile and content uniformity. The results indicated that the tablets had good disintegration time, dissolution and hardness/friability profiles. Tablets formulated with starch had the best disintegration properties but were consequently very friable. Tablets formulated from 10 mg of the crude extract needed a larger proportion of diluents, which affected the tablet properties. (+info)Complete NMR assignments of the antibacterial biflavonoid GB1 from Garcinia kola. (2/10)
From the antibacterial fraction of the roots of Garcinia kola, 3'',4',4''',5,5'',7,7''-heptahydroxy-3,8''-biflavanone (GB1) was isolated as the major constituent, whose interesting conformations were studied on the basis of its 1D and 2D NMR spectra obtained at different temperatures and in different solvents. GB1 showed antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) with MIC of 32 and 128 microg/ml, respectively. (+info)Endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, in rat superior mesenteric arteries. (3/10)
Previous studies have established the hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxant effects of KV in isolated superior mesenteric arteries from normotensive rats. KV (1, 10, 30, 100, 300, 500 and 1,000 microg/ml) concentration-dependently inhibited the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PHE) (10 microM) and KCl (80 mM) in both endothelium-intact (E(max) = 58.3 +/- 1.7% and 51.4 +/- 1.3%, respectively) and -denuded rings (E(max) = 59.3 +/- 5.5% and 64.3 +/- 2.4%, respectively). Furthermore, KV reduced CaCl(2)-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free medium containing KCl 60 mM, thus acting as a Ca(2+)-antagonist. In addition, KV inhibited the transient contraction by PHE in Ca(2+)-free medium containing EGTA, suggesting a possible action on the release of intracellular Ca(2+) via the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) pathway. KV is not a specific alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, since it also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of contractile responses to KCl, suggesting that KV also blocks the L-type Ca(2+)-channel. As a Ca(2+) antagonist, KV (100 microg/ml) potentiates the relaxant effects of nifedipine in denuded rings (E(max) = 97.6 +/- 1.2%; control = 75.1 +/- 3.0%, P<0.05). Also, the vasorelaxation induced by KV was significantly inhibited after pre-treatment of the denuded rings with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) 1 mM, a selective blocker of voltage-dependent K(+) (K(v)) channels and, tetraethylammonium (TEA) 1 mM or charybdotoxin (ChTX) 0.1 microM, non-selective blockers of large and intermediate conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels. In contrast, neither glibenclamide (10 microM), BaCl2 (1 mM) nor apamin (0.1 microM), blockers of K(ATP), K(IR) and SK(Ca) channels, respectively affected the KV-induced vasorelaxation. In conclusion, our results provide functional evidence that the vasorelaxant effects by KV involve extracellular Ca(2+) influx blockade, inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) release and the opening of K(+) channels sensitive to 4-AP and ChTX with a resultant membrane hyperpolarization/ repolarization. (+info)Biocidal activity of partially purified fractions from methanolic extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds on bacterial isolates. (4/10)
(+info)Protective effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds, in brain of Wistar albino rats exposed to gamma-radiation. (5/10)
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds, against gamma-radiation (5 Gy)-induced oxidative stress in brain of Wistar rats. Vitamin C (VC) served as standard antioxidant. Forty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 11 animals each. One group was un-irradiated (normal), two groups were treated with KV and VC (250 mg/kg) for 6 weeks prior to and 8 weeks after irradiation, and fourth group was only irradiated. Rats were sacrificed 1 and 8 weeks after irradiation. Cellular alterations were monitored using changes in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)-an index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST), urea and creatinine. MDA levels increased significantly (p<0.05) by 90% and 151% after 1 and 8 weeks of irradiation. Furthermore, levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in gamma-irradiated animals. GSH and GST decreased by 61% and 43% after 1 week, and by 75% and 74%, after 8 weeks of exposure, respectively. gamma-Irradiation decreased SOD and CAT levels by 53% and 68%, respectively, and caused significant (p<0.05) increases in serum ALT, AST and urea after 8 weeks of exposure. Treatment with KV and VC significantly decreased the levels of MDA, ALT, AST and urea. The antioxidant indices were significantly ameliorated in KV-treated animals. These data suggest that kolaviron may protect against gamma-radiation-induced oxidative stress in brain of exposed rats. (+info)Identification and antibacterial evaluation of bioactive compounds from Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds. (6/10)
(+info)In vitro antilisterial properties of crude methanol extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds. (7/10)
(+info)Antidiabetic effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex isolated from Garcinia kola seeds, in Wistar rats. (8/10)
BACKGROUND: Hypoglycaemic effect of kolaviron (KV), (biflavonoid from Garcinia kola) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats has been established. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possible protective effects of KV on cardiac, renal and hepatic tissues of STZ-diabetic rats. METHODS: This study consists of four groups of 6 rats each. Groups one and two contained non-diabetic and untreated-diabetic rats, respectively. Groups three and four were made up of KV- and glibenclamide (GB) - treated diabetic rats, respectively. RESULTS: STZ-intoxication caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in the relative weight of liver in diabetic rats. STZ-diabetic rats had significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), a-amylase and HbA1c. A marked and significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of cardiac, renal and liver marker indices such as serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea and alanine aminotransferase were observed in untreated diabetic rats. Also, untreated diabetic rats had significantly (p<0.05) elevated urinary glucose and protein and, lowered creatinine clearance. In KV- and GB- treated groups, the levels of FBG, a-amylase and HbA1c were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, while treatment with KV significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the cardiac, renal and liver marker indices. CONCLUSION: KV offered significant antidiabetic and tissues protective effects in the rats. (+info)Garcinia kola, also known as bitter kola, is not a medical term but a botanical name of a plant species that has been used in traditional medicine. It belongs to the family Guttiferae and is found in tropical rainforests of Africa. The nuts of this plant have been used in folk medicine for treating various conditions such as liver diseases, malaria, throat infections, and fever. However, it's essential to note that while some studies suggest potential health benefits, more research is needed before any medical claims can be made. It's always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or treatment.
Garcinia mangostana, also known as the mangosteen, is not a medical term but rather the name of a tropical evergreen tree that grows in Southeast Asia, Southwest India, and other tropical regions. The tree produces a purple, edible fruit that has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes.
In modern medical research, there has been some interest in the potential health benefits of Garcinia mangostana extracts, particularly in relation to weight loss and anti-inflammatory effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and establish recommended dosages and safety guidelines. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Biflavonoids are a type of flavonoid, which are plant-based compounds with antioxidant properties. Biflavonoids are unique because they consist of two flavonoid molecules joined together. They can be found in various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Some research suggests that biflavonoids may have potential health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and protecting against oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine the optimal dosages for human consumption.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.
It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.
Xanthones are a type of chemical compound that are found in various plants and fruits. They have a variety of potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Some research suggests that xanthones may help to protect against chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer, but more studies are needed to confirm these effects. Xanthones can be found in small amounts in a variety of foods, including mangosteen fruit, blackberries, and turmeric. They are also available in supplement form.
"Cola" is not a medical term. It is a type of flavored carbonated soft drink that originated in the United States. The term "cola" comes from the name of the kola nut, which contains caffeine and has been used as a flavoring ingredient in these drinks. There are many brands of cola, but the two most well-known are Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.
Colas typically contain carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup or sugar, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors (including extracts of the kola nut), and sometimes caffeine. Some people may use the term "cola" to refer specifically to Coca-Cola or Pepsi-Cola, while others may use it as a generic term for any type of cola-flavored soft drink.
While colas are widely consumed around the world, they have been associated with certain health concerns due to their high sugar content and other ingredients. For example, excessive consumption of colas has been linked to obesity, tooth decay, and bone density loss. However, it's important to note that these risks can be mitigated by consuming colas in moderation and maintaining a balanced diet.
Garcinia kola
Garcinia
List of Garcinia species
Limbe Botanic Garden
Malamba (beverage)
Pre-modern forest conservation practices in Southern Nigeria
Mpem and Djim National Park
Messamena
Kola nut
List of MeSH codes (B06)
Yemọja
Garcinia afzelii
Kandis
List of food origins
Garcinia kola - Wikipedia
Assessment of the anti-Listerial properties of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds
In-vitro anti-vibrio activities of crude extracts of Garcinia Kola seeds
Chemical composition of Cola accuminata and Garcinia Kola seeds grown in Nigeria
Bitter Kola Nut Garcinia Kola Cola - Nutrient-Rich Healthy Nut - 1 Lb - Guggin Foods
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The Effect Of Ivory Coast Garcinia Kola Heckel (Guttiferae) Seeds on Hyperlipidemia, Hyperglycemia and Obesity in Wistar Rats
PDF) Effects of aqueous extract of Basella alba leaves on haematological and biochemical parameters in albinorats
Free radical scavenging potential and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola extracts against bacterial...
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Seeds9
- The fruit, seeds ("bitter kola nuts") and bark of the plant have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat ailments from coughs to fever. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers have studied the germination problems of G. kola seeds and suggested various means of breaking its dormancy. (wikipedia.org)
- G. kola seeds have both seed coat dormancy and physiological dormancy probably imposed by the chemicals in the seed. (wikipedia.org)
- Bitter kola" tree (Garcinia kola) growing in Limbe Botanical Gardens, Cameroon Garcinia kola leaves, Limbe Botanical Gardens Flowers of Garcinia kola (a.k.a. "bitter kola") Ripe fruits of Garcinia kola (a.k.a. "bitter kola") Two "bitter kola" seeds, one with brown rind removed Seeds of true / "female" kola (= Cola acuminata) compared and contrasted with those of bitter / "male" kola (= Garcinia kola) Cheek, M. (2004). (wikipedia.org)
- Techniques for Improvement of Garcinia Kola (Heckel) Seeds Germination. (wikipedia.org)
- This study therefore focuses on assessing the anti-Listerial properties of the seeds of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant, which is a traditional medicinal plant of west and central African origin, and was and is still used to traditionally treat several ailments. (ufh.ac.za)
- it is therefore advisable that peptic ulcer patients should not eat Garcinia kola seeds. (edu.ng)
- The n-Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous crude extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds were screened for their anti-Vibrio activities against 50 Vibrio bacteria isolated from wastewater final effluents. (ufh.ac.za)
- We conclude that the Garcinia kola seeds have promise in the treatment and management of infections caused by Vibrio species. (ufh.ac.za)
Aqueous2
- This study aimed to investigate the toxicity, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-hyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract of G. kola (AEGk) seed in rats subjected to the High Fat and Sucrose Diet (HFSD). (ac.ir)
- PURPOSE:To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous solution eye drops in patients with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (POAG/OH).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, double-masked, multicenter, active-controlled prospective study. (bvsalud.org)
Cola4
- Cola acuminata, source of the true kola nut, is not related to Garcinia kola belonging not to Clusiaceae but to a subfamily of the mallow family Malvaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- The proximate analysis and the determination of the minerals of Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola were carried out. (edu.ng)
- Bitter kola, also known as bitter cola or Garcinia Kola, is a plant found in Central and Western Africa that has long been valued for its medicinal properties. (fikados.ie)
- The kola nut is the fruit of the West African native kola tree (Cola acuminata and Cola nitida). (howtoripe.com)
Mangosteen1
- Garcinia kola (bitter kola, a name sometimes also used for G. afzelii) is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Mangosteen genus Garcinia of the family Clusiaceae (a.k.a. (wikipedia.org)
Antibacterial1
- Bitter kola is known for its antifungal, antimicrobial , and antibacterial activities against microorganisms and infectious diseases detrimental to reproductive health. (fertilitylens.com)
Extract3
- Researchers in the UK and Nigeria have conducted a study showing that Garcinia kola seed extract and garcinoic acid may provide therapeutic benefits in the late stage of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other coronavirus infections. (news-medical.net)
- However, the Intake of bitter kola seed or extract may boost the function of antioxidants in our body in their fight against (ROS) reactive oxygen species. (fertilitylens.com)
- Due to this, bitter kola extract is used in making several herbal remedies for treating infertility-related infections , such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc. (fertilitylens.com)
Powder1
- Effects of Garcinia kola "Bitter Kola" Powder on Sex Reversal, Survival and Growth Performance of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L. (scirp.org)
Medicinal plant1
- Bitter kola is a powerful medicinal plant (both seed, root, and leaves) that has been used since ancient times in making remedies for several health conditions and ailments such as infection, indigestion, tooth decay, malaria, hepatitis, immune-destructive diseases, etc. (fertilitylens.com)
Ivory Coast1
- Background: Many studies have reported the beneficial health properties of Garcinia kola (G. kola) seed from Ivory Coast. (ac.ir)
Nigeria1
- According to a report from the Center For International Forestry Research, Garcinia kola trade is still important to the indigenous communities and villages in Nigeria. (wikipedia.org)
Grown1
- The kola tree, which may grow to a height of 40 to 60 feet, produces delicious kola nuts, which have a number of health benefits and are grown across the world. (howtoripe.com)
Consumption2
- Numerous studies have demonstrated that frequent kola nut consumption lowers the chance of developing asthma as well as whooping cough and other respiratory issues. (howtoripe.com)
- It has been demonstrated in several studies that kola nut consumption may increase blood flow to the brain, which helps to enhance cognitive function and lowers the risk of dementia. (howtoripe.com)
Minerals2
- A photochemical screening of Bitter kola shows the presence of certain vitamins and minerals like Vitamin C, Calcium, Potassium, Iron, and even some nutrients such as Carbohydrates, Fat, Protein, crude fiber, and Caffeine. (fertilitylens.com)
- Numerous vitamins, minerals, and other ingredients may be found in kola nuts. (howtoripe.com)
Researchers1
- And now, researchers have discovered that Garcinia kola destroys a wide-range of viruses , including Ebola. (naturalnews.com)
Additionally2
- Additionally, the flavonoid content of bitter kola has a powerful and popular compound known as biflavonoid kolaviron. (fertilitylens.com)
- Additionally, kola nuts are rich in antioxidants, which are excellent for our immune systems and protect our bodies from free radicals that may cause oxidative damage to our cells and lead to macular degeneration and many cancers. (howtoripe.com)
Nuts15
- Vitamin A, vitamin C, and other phytonutrients are among the vitamins found in kola nuts. (howtoripe.com)
- Kola nuts are extremely high in caffeine, which is great for our well-being. (howtoripe.com)
- Kola nuts have a high caffeine content, which makes them potent bronchodilators that assist to widen the airway. (howtoripe.com)
- As we've already said, kola nuts are quite strong in caffeine, which is great for our cognitive problems. (howtoripe.com)
- Kola nuts are rich in aphrodisiac characteristics, which are highly helpful for enhancing our sexual lives. (howtoripe.com)
- It has been demonstrated in research that consuming kola nuts may enhance libido. (howtoripe.com)
- The strong caffeine content of kola nuts makes them highly beneficial for shedding pounds. (howtoripe.com)
- Kola nuts have compounds with a variety of effects on humans, including anti-inflammatory ones. (howtoripe.com)
- Kola nuts are extremely rich in volatile compounds, which are very helpful to stop some bacterial infections in our bodies. (howtoripe.com)
- Theobromine, a substance that is frequently used as a vasodilator and is highly concentrated in kola nuts, is known to ease blood vessel tension and promote smooth blood flow through arteries. (howtoripe.com)
- According to studies, regularly consuming theobromine-rich foods like kola nuts can lower blood pressure and stave off different forms of heart disease, including hypertension. (howtoripe.com)
- In addition, the caffeine in kola nuts helps to lower blood pressure by enhancing blood flow throughout the body and relieving pressure on the blood vessels. (howtoripe.com)
- Kola nuts are extremely high in caffeine, which helps to raise heart rate and raise blood circulation to various regions of the body. (howtoripe.com)
- However, kola nuts are not advised for people who have heart-related issues. (howtoripe.com)
- Numerous studies have shown that regularly consuming kola nuts can enhance metabolism and help avoid a number of stomach-related problems, including constipation, bloating, cramps, and other gastrointestinal problems. (howtoripe.com)
Trees1
- 2020). Ethnicity differences in uses and management practices of bitter kola trees (Garcinia kola) in Cameroon. (ird.fr)
Reduces2
- Factors that have discouraged farmers from growing Garcinia kola include difficulties in germination that reduces seedling availability. (wikipedia.org)
- 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Garcinia kola ophthalmic solution significantly reduces IOP as compared to baseline. (bvsalud.org)
Species1
- Despite the socio-economic importance of Garcinia kola, cultivation of the species is limited. (wikipedia.org)
Antioxidants1
- A review showed that bitter kola is a rich source of two important phytochemical compounds known as tannins and flavonoids, they are believed to have antioxidants property and free radicals scavenging effect. (fertilitylens.com)
Advantages1
- African plant known as "bitter kola" is full of health advantages. (howtoripe.com)
Plant1
- En inderdaad in de plant werden alkylamides gedetecteerd, dezelfde stoffen die ook rode zonnehoed zijn werkzaamheid geven. (google.com)
Boost2
- Here are a few pieces of evidence that using bitter kola for fertility may indirectly boost our reproductive health. (fertilitylens.com)
- The kola nut is used as a food additive to boost energy or enhance health, as well as to flavor beverages. (howtoripe.com)
Study2
- The study of the data reveals that the benefits of consuming bitter kola were highly ranked for treating cough, viral or bacterial infections, and cancer. (howtoripe.com)
- Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive Timolol 0.5% eye drops as a control medication (A = Group 1 eyes) or Garcinia kola 0.5% eye drops as the study medication (B = Group 2 eyes). (bvsalud.org)
Properties2
- Garcinia kola is traditionally used by African folk healers who believe that it has purgative, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial properties. (wikipedia.org)
- However, some herbal practitioners claim that using bitter kola for fertility may improve reproductive health due to its infection-fighting and antioxidant properties. (fertilitylens.com)
Type1
- Caveat emptor: Garcinia kola and Type 1 diabetes? (magnusgroup.org)
Patients1
- 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:A total of 178 patients were randomly assigned to G. kola and Timolol groups. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment1
- Another promising treatment is Garcinia kola . (naturalnews.com)
Importance1
- Garcinia kola is cultivated for its economic importance. (ac.ke)
Health2
- What are some of the major health benefits of kola nut? (howtoripe.com)
- This article will discuss some amazing health benefits of kola nut. (howtoripe.com)
Activity1
- Both male and female sexual activity is enhanced by kola. (howtoripe.com)
Male and fe1
- Intake of Bitter kola may indirectly improve the production of male and female reproductive hormones necessary for fertility. (fertilitylens.com)
Body1
- Bitter kola kola is an edible nut that helps the body to adapt to stress by stimulating-and helping the immune system. (kakakii.com)
Studies1
- Kola nut eating has been shown in studies to increase blood circulation and lower the risk of Alzheimer's. (howtoripe.com)