Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.
An acute or chronic GINGIVITIS characterized by redness and swelling, NECROSIS extending from the interdental papillae along the gingival margins, PAIN; HEMORRHAGE, necrotic odor, and often a pseudomembrane. The condition may extend to the ORAL MUCOSA; TONGUE; PALATE; or PHARYNX. The etiology is somewhat unclear, but may involve a complex of FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM along with spirochetes BORRELIA or TREPONEMA.
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.
An index which scores the degree of dental plaque accumulation.
A numerical rating scale for classifying the periodontal status of a person or population with a single figure which takes into consideration prevalence as well as severity of the condition. It is based upon probe measurement of periodontal pockets and on gingival tissue status.
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.
A fluid occurring in minute amounts in the gingival crevice, believed by some authorities to be an inflammatory exudate and by others to cleanse material from the crevice, containing sticky plasma proteins which improve adhesions of the epithelial attachment, have antimicrobial properties, and exert antibody activity. (From Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)
Solutions for rinsing the mouth, possessing cleansing, germicidal, or palliative properties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Oral tissue surrounding and attached to TEETH.
A severe gangrenous process occurring predominantly in debilitated and malnourished children, especially in underdeveloped countries. It typically begins as a small vesicle or ulcer on the gingiva that rapidly becomes necrotic and spreads to produce extensive destruction of the buccal and labial mucosa and tissues of the face, which may result in severe disfigurement and even death. Various bacteria have been implicated in the etiology. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
Chronic inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is associated with the amount of DENTAL PLAQUE or DENTAL CALCULUS present. Chronic periodontitis occurs mostly in adults and was called adult periodontitis, but this disease can appear in young people.
Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.
A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the BACTEROIDES genus. This bacterium is a common commensal in the gingival crevice and is often isolated from cases of gingivitis and other purulent lesions related to the mouth.
Loss or destruction of periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis or other destructive periodontal diseases or by injury during instrumentation. Attachment refers to the periodontal ligament which attaches to the alveolar bone. It has been hypothesized that treatment of the underlying periodontal disease and the seeding of periodontal ligament cells enable the creating of new attachment.
Abnormal concretion or calcified deposit that forms around the teeth or dental prostheses.
A combination of the debris index and the dental calculus index to determine the status of oral hygiene.
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.
Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and flavoring agent and may exist in the form of liquid, paste or powder; may also contain medicaments and caries preventives.
A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Its organisms are sometimes pathogenic.
The practice of personal hygiene of the mouth. It includes the maintenance of oral cleanliness, tissue tone, and general preservation of oral health.
Infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA.
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections.
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the family Prevotellaceae. It is the species most commonly isolated from endodontic infections (PULPITIS).
A species of bacteria in the family SPIROCHAETACEAE, frequently isolated from periodontal pockets (PERIODONTAL POCKET).
Devices used in the home by persons to maintain dental and periodontal health. The devices include toothbrushes, dental flosses, water irrigators, gingival stimulators, etc.
Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic cocci parasitic in the mouth and in the intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals.
A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.
'Tooth diseases' is a broad term referring to various conditions affecting the teeth, including dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease (gum disease), tooth wear, tooth sensitivity, oral cancer, and developmental anomalies, which can result in pain, discomfort, or loss of teeth if left untreated.
The act of cleaning teeth with a brush to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)
'Mouth diseases' is a broad term referring to various conditions that cause inflammation, infection, or structural changes in any part of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, palate, cheeks, and teeth, which can lead to symptoms such as pain, discomfort, difficulty in chewing or speaking, and altered aesthetics.
Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people.
Inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth.
A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals.
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.
Removal of dental plaque and dental calculus from the surface of a tooth, from the surface of a tooth apical to the gingival margin accumulated in periodontal pockets, or from the surface coronal to the gingival margin.
'Gingival diseases' is a general term for conditions affecting the soft tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, primarily characterized by inflammation, bleeding, redness, or swelling, which can progress to periodontal disease if left untreated.
Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries.
A family of spiral bacteria of the order SPIROCHAETALES.
A plant species of the Salvia genus known as a spice and medicinal plant.
The poppy plant family of the order Papaverales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. These have bisexual, regular, cup-shaped flowers with one superior pistil and many stamens; 2 or 3 conspicuous, separate sepals and a number of separate petals. The fruit is a capsule. Leaves are usually deeply cut or divided into leaflets.
A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are nonmotile. Filaments that may be present in certain species are either straight or wavy and may have swollen or clubbed heads.
Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)
A species of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria originally classified within the BACTEROIDES genus. This bacterium produces a cell-bound, oxygen-sensitive collagenase and is isolated from the human mouth.
"Decayed, missing and filled teeth," a routinely used statistical concept in dentistry.
A procedure for smoothing of the roughened root surface or cementum of a tooth after subgingival curettage or scaling, as part of periodontal therapy.
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.
Mushrooms in the order AGARICALES containing B vitamins, cortinelin, and the polysaccharide LENTINAN.
A group of different species of microorganisms that act together as a community.
Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.
A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.
Activated form of FACTOR XIII, a transglutaminase, which stabilizes the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) culminating the blood coagulation cascade.
A republic in western Africa, north of NIGERIA and west of CHAD. Its capital is Niamey.
The structures surrounding and supporting the tooth. Periodontium includes the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.
A plant genus of the family BURSERACEAE which is a source of gugulipid and guggulu extract. Balm of Gilead is a common name more often referring to POPULUS and sometimes to ABIES.
A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.
The oval-shaped oral cavity located at the apex of the digestive tract and consisting of two parts: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.
A family of gram-negative bacteria, in the phylum FIRMICUTES.
A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)

Activation of neutrophil collagenase in periodontitis. (1/339)

Neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8 [MMP-8]) is an important mediator of tissue destruction in inflammatory diseases. Studies of anaerobic periodontal infections have shown that active MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the degradation of periodontal tissues in progressive periodontitis whereas the latent enzyme is predominant in gingivitis. Since the activation of MMP-8 appears to be a crucial step in periodontitis, we have examined the activation of MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid samples by using a soluble biotinylated collagen substrate. Analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis, gingivitis, and controls revealed sixfold (P < 0.001)-higher levels of active collagenase in periodontitis (n = 12) samples compared to gingivitis (n = 17) samples, which exhibited low levels of activity, while controls (n = 25) showed no activity. After gingival crevicular fluid was collected, no further activation of latent collagenase occurred in vitro. Although both MMP-1 and MMP-8, but not MMP-13, could be detected by immunoblots, blocking antibodies to MMP-1 showed that collagenase activity was largely contributed by MMP-8, which was localized to the matrix of diseased tissues. The MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid migrated primarily as a 60-kDa form with smaller amounts of a 78-kDa species, whereas MMP-8 isolated from peripheral neutrophils migrated at 70 and 89 kDa, corresponding to active and latent forms of the enzyme, respectively. Most of the MMP-8 in the 60- and 70-kDa bands selectively bound to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 and collagen, indicating that most, but not all, of the enzyme in these bands was in an activated form. However, the amounts of the 78- and 60-kDa forms from gingival crevicular fluid in different samples did not correlate (r2 = 0.028) with the latent and active enzyme measured by collagenase assay. Collectively, these studies have identified distinct forms of latent and active MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid that appear to result from a unique activation mechanism that occurs in periodontitis. The complexity of MMP-8 activation is further indicated by the presence of latent, activated, and superactivated forms of MMP-8 in the 60- and 70-kDa bands obtained from gingival crevicular fluid and neutrophil samples, respectively.  (+info)

Morphologic characteristics of initial lymphatics of the healthy and diseased human gingiva. (2/339)

Investigation was performed on healthy and inflamed human gingivae. In the healthy mucosa lymphatic vessels generally appeared as flattened channels with a reduced lumen. Only in very inflamed tissue were some more evident vessels with a distended wall detectable. Ultrastructurally, most of the vessels had the characteristics of capillaries and they were delimited by a thin and irregular endothelial wall with large intercellular spaces. These observations indicate that in the gingival tissues, which are continuously exposed to inflammatory agents and need a really efficient draining system, the pathway of interstitial exudation and cell migration may include both the lymphatic vessel system and the intercellular spaces of the permeable junctional epithelium.  (+info)

Cytokine mRNA expression in lesions in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. (3/339)

Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays were developed to measure feline interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 (p35 & p40); gamma interferon (IFN-gamma); and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA concentrations in biopsies of feline oral mucosa. Biopsies were collected from 30 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (diseased) prior to each cat receiving one of four treatments. In 23 cases replicate biopsies were collected 3 months after treatment commenced. Biopsies were also analyzed from 11 cats without clinical disease (nondiseased). Expression of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 (p35 and p40), and IFN-gamma was detected in most nondiseased biopsies, while IL-6 was detected in a minority, and IL-4 and IL-5 were both undetectable. Compared to nondiseased cats, the diseased population showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p35 and p40), and IFN-gamma. In contrast, IL-5 mRNA expression was unchanged and was only detected in one case. No significant relationship was demonstrable between the change in relative expression of specific cytokine mRNA and the change in clinical severity of the local mucosal lesions over the treatment period. The results demonstrate that the normal feline oral mucosa is biased towards a predominantly (Th) type 1 profile of cytokine expression and that during the development of lesions seen in feline chronic gingivostomatitis there is a shift in the cytokine profile from a type 1 to a mixed type 1 and type 2 response.  (+info)

Effects on tooth movement of force delivery from nickel-titanium archwires. (4/339)

The aim of this project was to determine the in vivo effects of tooth movement with nickel-titanium archwires on the periodontium during the early stages of orthodontic treatment. The extent of tooth movement, severity of gingival inflammation, pocket probing depth, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow, and the amount of the chondroitin sulphate (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) component of the GCF of one maxillary canine in each of 33 patients treated with a pre-adjusted appliance were measured before and at four stages during the first 22 weeks of treatment. The methods involved the use of a reflex metrograph to determine the type of tooth movement and electrophoresis to quantitate the CS in the GCF. It was found that GCF flow increased after 4 weeks of tooth movement whereas the increase in the amount of CS in the GCF, which is taken to be indicative of periodontal tissue turnover, occurred at the later stage of 10 weeks. Teeth which showed the greatest amount of tooth movement continued to express large amounts of CS in large volumes of GCF until 22 weeks, whilst the CS levels in those teeth moving to a smaller extent declined. These data suggest that nickel-titanium archwires may produce a super-elastic plateau effect in vivo on canine teeth, which are initially displaced from the arch such that large amounts of tooth movement occur in the first 22 weeks of treatment.  (+info)

A retentive system for intra-oral fluoride release during orthodontic treatment. (5/339)

The aim of this study was to test a particular type of intra-oral fluoride releasing device (IFRD), designed to release 0.04 mg/day of fluoride over a period of 6 months, using customized holders, in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Discomfort, holder detachment, plaque accumulation near the device, and the presence of gingivitis, bleeding, white spot lesions, and/or decay was recorded in 76 orthodontic patients (53 experimental and 23 controls) before and after wearing the device for 12 months. The system proved to be easy and quick to use, and did not cause discomfort. There were no significant differences between the treated and the control groups for plaque index, bleeding, or the presence of gingivitis. In addition, no carious and/or white spot lesions occurred during the duration of this study in the test group.  (+info)

The antimicrobial treatment of periodontal disease: changing the treatment paradigm. (6/339)

Over the last 100 years, methods of surgical periodontal treatment have enjoyed a history of success in improving oral health. The paradigm of care is based on the "non-specific plaque hypothesis"--that is, the overgrowth of bacterial plaques cause periodontal disease, and the suppression of this overgrowth reduces disease risk. The central feature of this approach to care is the removal of inflamed gingival tissue around the teeth to reduce periodontal pocket depth, thereby facilitating plaque removal by the dentist and by the patient at home. Over the last 30 years, with the recognition that periodontal disease(s) is caused by specific bacteria and that specific antimicrobial agents can reduce or eliminate the infection, a second paradigm has developed. This new paradigm, the "specific plaque hypothesis", focuses on reducing the specific bacteria that cause periodontal attachment loss. The contrast between the two paradigms can be succinctly stated as follows: The antimicrobial therapy reduces the cause, while the surgical therapy reduces the result of the periodontal infection. The specific plaque hypothesis has two important implications. First, with the increasing attention to evidence-based models for prevention, treatment, outcome assessment, and reimbursement of care, increasing attention and financial effort will be channeled into effective preventive and treatment methods. Second, the recent observations that periodontal infections increase the risk of specific systemic health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, argue for the prevention and elimination of these periodontal infections. This review highlights some of the evidence for the specific plaque hypothesis, and the questions that should be addressed if antimicrobial agents are to be used responsively and effectively.  (+info)

Selective expansion of T cells in gingival lesions of patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. (7/339)

Chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases are characterized by a cellular infiltrate and are similar in many respects to other chronic inflammatory diseases. While periodontopathic bacteria have been recognized as the principal causative agent and the immune response to these bacteria is thought to be responsible for the tissue destruction, the full aetiological spectrum is still incompletely understood. In addition to many cell types such as polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages, T cells have been implicated in pathogenesis and are considered to have regulatory roles in progression of the disease. Based on our recent studies demonstrating biased expression of several Vbeta families in periodontitis tissues, the aim of this study was to characterize further the T cells relevant to the disease process by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (RT-PCR-SSCP) and subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR beta-chain. In spite of the likely involvement of numerous bacteria, the present study has clearly shown the oligoclonality of infiltrating T cells in periodontitis lesions in contrast to low clonality of peripheral blood T cells as evidenced by the appearance of distinct bands in gingival tissue samples and smear pattern of peripheral blood on SSCP gels. These were confirmed by the DNA sequencing of the CDR3 of Vbeta16 of selected samples. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated amino acid motifs in the CDR3 region of the periodontitis lesion-derived sequences from each patient. The results indicate that gingival tissue-infiltrating T cells recognizing a limited number of antigens or epitopes are involved in the disease process.  (+info)

Lymphocyte response to T-cell mitogen during experimental gingivitis in humans. (8/339)

This study was conducted to evaluate the dose response relationships of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by stimulation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) during the onset of oral inflammation. Eleven dental students underwent a 3-week experimental gingivitis program (Loe et al., 1965). At time zero, weeks 1, 2, and 3, and after 1 week of reinstituted oral hygiene (week 4), the plaque accumulations were evaluated, the degree of gingival inflammation was assessed, and a blood sample was taken. Quadruplicate microcultures each containing 2 x 10(5) PBL in 0.2 ml of tissue culture medium 199 and 10% fetal calf serum were stimulated with five concentrations of PHA (10 to 0.5 mug/ml) and incubated for 78 h at 37 C in 5% CO2. [3H]thymidine was added to each culture for the final 8 h. The cultures were then harvested and counted by liquid scintillation, and stimulation indexes (SI) were determined. At time zero the maximum PBL response occurred at a PHA concentration of 5 mug/ml (SI = 100). During weeks 1, 2, and 3 the location of the maximum PBL response shifted to a lower PHA concentration (1.0 mug/ml) and increased to over SI =400. The phenomenon of shifting peak PHA responses to lower PHA concentrations could be observed after only 1 week of developing gingival inflammation. The PBL response returned to pre-experimental values after 1 week of reinstituted oral hygiene, which resolved the oral inflammation. The findings show that a dose response relationship exists between PHA concentrations and the PBL response. If these dose response changes seen during developing gingival inflammation are ignored, either a decrease, increase, or no change in PBL response can be shown depending upon the PHA concentration evaluated. Owing to the dose-dependent nature of this PBL response, it is advisable to routinely use dose response curves in order to properly evaluate the full responsiveness of PBL to mitogenic substances.  (+info)

Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness, swelling and bleeding of the gingiva, or gums. It's important to note that it is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental treatment. If left untreated, however, gingivitis can progress to a more severe form of gum disease known as periodontitis, which can result in tissue damage and eventual tooth loss.

Gingivitis is most commonly caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. When not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, this plaque can harden into tartar, which is more difficult to remove and contributes to gum inflammation. Other factors like hormonal changes, poor nutrition, certain medications, smoking or a weakened immune system may also increase the risk of developing gingivitis.

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth or acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivostomatitis, is a severe and painful form of gingivitis that is characterized by the presence of necrosis (tissue death) and ulcers in the gum tissue. It is caused by a combination of factors, including poor oral hygiene, stress, smoking, and a weakened immune system. The condition is often associated with the presence of certain types of bacteria that produce toxins that can damage the gum tissue.

NUG is characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms such as severe pain, bleeding, bad breath, and a grayish-white or yellowish film covering the gums. The gums may also appear bright red, swollen, and shiny, and may bleed easily when brushed or touched. In some cases, the condition can progress to involve other areas of the mouth, such as the lining of the cheeks and lips.

NUG is typically treated with a combination of professional dental cleaning, antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection, and pain management. It is important to maintain good oral hygiene practices to prevent recurrence of the condition. If left untreated, NUG can lead to more serious complications such as tooth loss or spread of the infection to other parts of the body.

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that accumulates on the surface of the teeth, restorative materials, and prosthetic devices such as dentures. It is initiated when bacterial colonizers attach to the smooth surfaces of teeth through van der Waals forces and specific molecular adhesion mechanisms.

The microorganisms within the dental plaque produce extracellular polysaccharides that help to stabilize and strengthen the biofilm, making it resistant to removal by simple brushing or rinsing. Over time, if not regularly removed through oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, dental plaque can mineralize and harden into tartar or calculus.

The bacteria in dental plaque can cause tooth decay (dental caries) by metabolizing sugars and producing acid that demineralizes the tooth enamel. Additionally, certain types of bacteria in dental plaque can cause periodontal disease, an inflammation of the gums that can lead to tissue damage and bone loss around the teeth. Regular professional dental cleanings and good oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing the buildup of dental plaque and maintaining good oral health.

The dental plaque index (DPI) is a clinical measurement used in dentistry to assess the amount of dental plaque accumulation on a person's teeth. It was first introduced by Silness and Löe in 1964 as a method to standardize the assessment of oral hygiene and the effectiveness of oral hygiene interventions.

The DPI is based on a visual examination of the amount of plaque present on four surfaces of the teeth, including the buccal (cheek-facing) and lingual (tongue-facing) surfaces of both upper and lower first molars and upper and lower incisors. The examiner assigns a score from 0 to 3 for each surface, with higher scores indicating greater plaque accumulation:

* Score 0: No plaque detected, even after probing the area with a dental explorer.
* Score 1: Plaque detected by visual examination and/or probing but is not visible when the area is gently dried with air.
* Score 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposits that are visible upon visual examination before air drying, but which can be removed by scraping with a dental explorer.
* Score 3: Abundant soft matter, visible upon visual examination before air drying and not easily removable with a dental explorer.

The DPI is calculated as the average score of all surfaces examined, providing an overall measure of plaque accumulation in the mouth. It can be used to monitor changes in oral hygiene over time or to evaluate the effectiveness of different oral hygiene interventions. However, it should be noted that the DPI has limitations and may not accurately reflect the presence of bacterial biofilms or the risk of dental caries and gum disease.

The Periodontal Index (PI) is not a current or widely used medical/dental term. However, in the past, it was used to describe a method for assessing and measuring the severity of periodontal disease, also known as gum disease.

Developed by Henry H. Klein and colleagues in 1978, the Periodontal Index was a scoring system that evaluated four parameters: gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, calculus (tartar) presence, and periodontal pocket depths. The scores for each parameter ranged from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating worse periodontal health. The overall PI score was the sum of the individual parameter scores, ranging from 0 to 12.

However, due to its limited ability to predict future disease progression and the introduction of more comprehensive assessment methods like the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE), the use of the Periodontal Index has become less common in dental practice and research.

Gingival hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding of the gingiva, or gums. It refers to the condition where the gums bleed, often as a result of trauma or injury, but also can be caused by various systemic conditions such as disorders of coagulation, leukemia, or scurvy.

Gingival hemorrhage is commonly seen in individuals with poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease, which can cause inflammation and damage to the gums. This can lead to increased susceptibility to bleeding, even during routine activities such as brushing or flossing. It's important to address any underlying causes of gingival hemorrhage to prevent further complications.

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is defined as the serum transudate or inflammatory exudate that flows from the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket. It is a physiological fluid found in the narrow space between the tooth and the surrounding gum tissue, which deepens during periodontal disease. The analysis of GCF has been used as a non-invasive method to assess the status of periodontal health and disease since it contains various markers of inflammation, host response, and bacterial products.

Periodontitis is a severe form of gum disease that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting your teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. It is caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. The body's immune system fights the bacterial infection, which causes an inflammatory response. If the inflammation continues for a long time, it can damage the tissues and bones that support the teeth.

The early stage of periodontitis is called gingivitis, which is characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when brushed or flossed. When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis. In addition to plaque, other factors that increase the risk of developing periodontitis include smoking or using tobacco products, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, a weakened immune system, and genetic factors.

Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antimicrobial mouth rinse, can help prevent periodontitis. Treatment for periodontitis may include deep cleaning procedures, medications, or surgery in severe cases.

A mouthwash is an antiseptic or therapeutic solution that is held in the mouth and then spit out, rather than swallowed. It is used to improve oral hygiene, to freshen breath, and to help prevent dental cavities, gingivitis, and other periodontal diseases.

Mouthwashes can contain a variety of ingredients, including water, alcohol, fluoride, chlorhexidine, essential oils, and other antimicrobial agents. Some mouthwashes are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription. It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by the manufacturer or your dentist to ensure the safe and effective use of mouthwash.

Gingiva is the medical term for the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and forms the margin of the dental groove, also known as the gum. It extends from the mucogingival junction to the base of the cervical third of the tooth root. The gingiva plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the teeth and maintaining oral health by providing a barrier against microbial invasion and mechanical injury.

Noma, also known as cancrum oris, is a rare but severe gangrenous disease that primarily affects children who are malnourished, have weakened immune systems, and lack access to proper oral hygiene and healthcare. The condition typically starts as a small ulcer in the mouth and quickly progresses, causing extensive tissue damage and necrosis of the soft and hard tissues of the face.

Noma can also affect the genital region (genital noma) or the anus (anorectal noma). The disease is caused by a polymicrobial infection, involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, that thrive in necrotic tissue. If left untreated, noma can result in significant disfigurement, disability, and even death.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics, surgery, and nutritional support are crucial to prevent the progression of the disease and improve the chances of a successful recovery. Preventive measures, such as improving oral hygiene, promoting access to healthcare, and addressing malnutrition, can help reduce the risk of noma in vulnerable populations.

According to the American Academy of Periodontology, periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. These tissues include the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The primary cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque, a sticky film that constantly forms on our teeth.

There are two major stages of periodontal disease:

1. Gingivitis: This is the milder form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingiva) without loss of attachment to the teeth. The gums may appear red, swollen, and bleed easily during brushing or flossing. At this stage, the damage can be reversed with proper dental care and improved oral hygiene.
2. Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of periodontal disease. In periodontitis, the inflammation extends beyond the gums and affects the deeper periodontal tissues, leading to loss of bone support around the teeth. Pockets filled with infection-causing bacteria form between the teeth and gums, causing further damage and potential tooth loss if not treated promptly.

Risk factors for developing periodontal disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking or using smokeless tobacco, genetic predisposition, diabetes, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or menopause), certain medications, and systemic diseases like AIDS or cancer. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing periodontal disease and maintaining overall oral health.

Chronic periodontitis is a type of gum disease that is characterized by the inflammation and infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is a slow-progressing condition that can lead to the destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, which can result in loose teeth or tooth loss if left untreated.

Chronic periodontitis is caused by the buildup of dental plaque and calculus (tartar) on the teeth, which harbor bacteria that release toxins that irritate and inflame the gums. Over time, this chronic inflammation can lead to the destruction of the periodontal tissues, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.

The signs and symptoms of chronic periodontitis include:

* Red, swollen, or tender gums
* Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
* Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
* Receding gums (exposure of the tooth root)
* Loose teeth or changes in bite alignment
* Deep periodontal pockets (spaces between the teeth and gums)

Risk factors for chronic periodontitis include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, genetics, and certain medications. Treatment typically involves a thorough dental cleaning to remove plaque and calculus, followed by additional procedures such as scaling and root planing or surgery to eliminate infection and promote healing of the periodontal tissues. Good oral hygiene practices, regular dental checkups, and quitting smoking are essential for preventing chronic periodontitis and maintaining good oral health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "toothpastes" is the plural form of "toothpaste," which is not a medical condition or procedure that requires a definition. However, I can provide you with some information about toothpaste.

Toothpaste is a dental hygiene product used to clean and maintain the health of teeth and gums. It generally contains mild abrasives, flavoring, and fluoride to help remove plaque, prevent tooth decay, and freshen breath. There are various types of toothpastes available on the market, including those formulated for sensitive teeth, whitening, gum health, and tartar control. It is essential to choose a toothpaste that meets your specific dental needs and has the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance, ensuring its safety and effectiveness.

Prevotella intermedia is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a normal resident of the human microbiota but can also be an opportunistic pathogen, causing various types of infections such as periodontitis, endocarditis, and brain abscesses. P. intermedia has been associated with several diseases, including respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, and joint infections. It is often found in mixed infections with other anaerobic bacteria. Proper identification of this organism is important for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Periodontal attachment loss (PAL) is a clinical measurement in dentistry that refers to the amount of connective tissue attachment between the tooth and its surrounding supportive structures (including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone) that has been lost due to periodontal disease. It is typically expressed in millimeters and represents the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), which is the point where the tooth's crown meets the root, to the bottom of the periodontal pocket.

Periodontal pockets are formed when the gums detach from the tooth due to inflammation and infection caused by bacterial biofilms accumulating on the teeth. As the disease progresses, more and more of the supporting structures are destroyed, leading to increased pocket depths and attachment loss. This can eventually result in loose teeth and even tooth loss if left untreated.

Therefore, periodontal attachment loss is an important indicator of the severity and progression of periodontal disease, and its measurement helps dental professionals assess the effectiveness of treatment interventions and monitor disease status over time.

Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is a hardened deposit that forms on the surface of teeth. It's composed of mineralized plaque, which is a sticky film containing bacteria, saliva, and food particles. Over time, the minerals in saliva can cause the plaque to harden into calculus, which cannot be removed by brushing or flossing alone. Dental calculus can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease if not regularly removed by a dental professional through a process called scaling and root planing.

The Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) is a dental measurement used to assess and quantify the cleanliness of a patient's teeth. It was developed by Greene and Vermillion in 1964 as a simple, reproducible method for oral hygiene evaluation. The index takes into account the amount of debris (food particles, plaque) and calculus (tartar) present on the tooth surfaces.

The OHI consists of two components: the Debris Index (DI) and the Calculus Index (CI). Each component is scored separately for six designated teeth (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46) on a scale from 0 to 3. The scores are then summed up and averaged to obtain the final OHI score:

1. Debris Index (DI): Assesses the soft debris or plaque accumulation on the tooth surfaces. The scoring is as follows:
- Score 0: No debris present
- Score 1: Debris found on up to one-third of the tooth surface
- Score 2: Debris found on more than one-third but less than two-thirds of the tooth surface
- Score 3: Debris found on more than two-thirds of the tooth surface

2. Calculus Index (CI): Evaluates the hard calculus or tartar accumulation on the tooth surfaces. The scoring is similar to the DI:
- Score 0: No calculus present
- Score 1: Supragingival calculus found on up to one-third of the tooth surface
- Score 2: Supragingival calculus found on more than one-third but less than two-thirds of the tooth surface, or the presence of individual flecks of subgingival calculus
- Score 3: Supragingival calculus found on more than two-thirds of the tooth surface, or a continuous heavy band of subgingival calculus

The OHI score ranges from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating poorer oral hygiene. This index is widely used in dental research and clinical settings to evaluate the effectiveness of oral hygiene interventions and to assess overall oral health status.

A periodontal pocket is a pathological space or gap that develops between the tooth and the surrounding gum tissue (gingiva) as a result of periodontal disease. This condition is also known as a "periodontal depth" or "probing depth." It is measured in millimeters using a dental probe, and it indicates the level of attachment loss of the gingival tissue to the tooth.

In a healthy periodontium, the sulcus (the normal space between the tooth and gum) measures 1-3 mm in depth. However, when there is inflammation due to bacterial accumulation, the gums may become red, swollen, and bleed easily. As the disease progresses, the sulcus deepens, forming a periodontal pocket, which can extend deeper than 3 mm.

Periodontal pockets provide an environment that is conducive to the growth of harmful bacteria, leading to further tissue destruction and bone loss around the tooth. If left untreated, periodontal disease can result in loose teeth and eventually tooth loss. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are essential for maintaining healthy gums and preventing periodontal pockets from developing or worsening.

Dentifrices are substances used in dental care for cleaning and polishing the teeth, and often include toothpastes, tooth powders, and gels. They typically contain a variety of ingredients such as abrasives, fluorides, humectants, detergents, flavorings, and sometimes medicaments like antimicrobial agents or desensitizing compounds. The primary purpose of dentifrices is to help remove dental plaque, food debris, and stains from the teeth, promoting oral hygiene and preventing dental diseases such as caries (cavities) and periodontal disease.

Bacteroidaceae is a family of gram-negative, anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria that are commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. They are rod-shaped and can vary in size and shape. Bacteroidaceae are important breakdowners of complex carbohydrates and proteins in the gut, and play a significant role in maintaining the health and homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Some members of this family can also be opportunistic pathogens and have been associated with various infections and diseases, such as abscesses, bacteremia, and periodontal disease.

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, and other oral health problems. It involves regular brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash to remove plaque and food particles that can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are also an essential part of maintaining good oral hygiene. Poor oral hygiene can lead to a range of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections, so it is important to prioritize oral health as part of overall health and wellbeing.

Treponemal infections are a group of diseases caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. This includes syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta. These infections can affect various organ systems in the body and can have serious consequences if left untreated.

1. Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection that can also be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. It is characterized by sores (chancres) on the genitals, anus, or mouth, followed by a rash and flu-like symptoms. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as damage to the heart, brain, and nervous system.
2. Yaws: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects children in rural areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. The initial symptom is a painless bump on the skin that eventually ulcerates and heals, leaving a scar. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of bone and cartilage.
3. Bejel: Also known as endemic syphilis, this infection is spread through direct contact with infected saliva or mucous membranes. It primarily affects children in dry and arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The initial symptom is a painless sore on the mouth or skin, followed by a rash and other symptoms similar to syphilis.
4. Pinta: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects people in rural areas of Central and South America. The initial symptom is a red or brown spot on the skin, which eventually turns into a scaly rash. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of pigmentation in the skin.

Treponemal infections can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as penicillin, which can cure the infection if caught early enough. However, untreated treponemal infections can lead to serious health complications and even death.

Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore forming bacilli that are commonly found as normal flora in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. Some species of Fusobacterium have been associated with various clinical infections and diseases, such as periodontal disease, abscesses, bacteremia, endocarditis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most well-known species in this genus and has been extensively studied for its role in various diseases. It is a opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals or when it invades damaged tissues. Fusobacterium necrophorum, another important species, is a leading cause of Lemierre's syndrome, a rare but serious condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infections.

Fusobacteria are known to have a complex relationship with other microorganisms and host cells, and they can form biofilms that contribute to their virulence and persistence in the host. Further research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Fusobacterium species and to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment of Fusobacterium-associated diseases.

"Prevotella nigrescens" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the human oral cavity, intestinal tract, and female genital tract. It is a member of the normal microbiota of these areas but has been associated with various infections such as periodontitis, endodontic infections, aspiration pneumonia, and bacteremia. The bacterium can also be found in association with abscesses, wound infections, and other types of soft tissue infections. It is important to note that the presence of "Prevotella nigrescens" alone does not necessarily indicate infection, as it can also be present in the absence of disease. However, its identification in clinical specimens may warrant further investigation and appropriate treatment.

Treponema denticola is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that belongs to the genus Treponema. It is commonly found in the oral cavity and is associated with periodontal diseases such as chronic periodontitis. T. denticola is one of the "red complex" bacteria, which also includes Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, that are strongly associated with periodontal disease. These bacteria form a complex biofilm in the subgingival area and contribute to the breakdown of the periodontal tissues, leading to pocket formation, bone loss, and ultimately tooth loss if left untreated.

T. denticola has several virulence factors, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), proteases, fimbriae, and endotoxins, that allow it to evade the host's immune system and cause tissue damage. It can also modulate the host's immune response, leading to a chronic inflammatory state that contributes to the progression of periodontal disease.

In addition to its role in periodontal disease, T. denticola has been linked to several systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between T. denticola and these conditions.

Dental devices for home care are products designed for use by individuals or their caregivers in a home setting to maintain oral hygiene, manage dental health issues, and promote overall oral health. These devices can include:

1. Toothbrushes: Manual, electric, or battery-operated toothbrushes used to clean teeth and remove plaque and food debris.
2. Dental floss: A thin string used to remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line.
3. Interdental brushes: Small brushes designed to clean between the teeth and around dental appliances, such as braces or implants.
4. Water flossers/oral irrigators: Devices that use a stream of water to remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line.
5. Tongue scrapers: Tools used to clean the tongue's surface, removing bacteria and reducing bad breath.
6. Rubber tips/gum stimulators: Devices used to massage and stimulate the gums, promoting blood circulation and helping to maintain gum health.
7. Dental picks/sticks: Pointed tools used to remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line.
8. Mouthguards: Protective devices worn over the teeth to prevent damage from grinding, clenching, or sports-related injuries.
9. Night guards: Similar to mouthguards, these are designed to protect the teeth from damage caused by nighttime teeth grinding (bruxism).
10. Dental retainers: Devices used to maintain the alignment of teeth after orthodontic treatment.
11. Whitening trays and strips: At-home products used to whiten teeth by applying a bleaching agent to the tooth surface.
12. Fluoride mouth rinses: Anticavity rinses containing fluoride, which help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.
13. Oral pain relievers: Topical gels or creams used to alleviate oral pain, such as canker sores or denture irritation.

Proper use of these dental devices, along with regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings, can help maintain good oral health and prevent dental issues.

Anti-infective agents, local, are medications that are applied directly to a specific area of the body to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. These agents include topical antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and anti-parasitic drugs. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of the infectious organisms, thereby preventing their spread and reducing the risk of infection. Local anti-infective agents are often used to treat skin infections, eye infections, and other localized infections, and can be administered as creams, ointments, gels, solutions, or drops.

Veillonella is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, coccoid or rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are commonly found as normal flora in the human mouth, intestines, and female genital tract. They are known to be obligate parasites, meaning they rely on other organisms for nutrients and energy. Veillonella species are often associated with dental caries and have been implicated in various infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and wound infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Proper identification of Veillonella species is important for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.

Clobetasol is a topical corticosteroid medication that is used to reduce inflammation and relieve itching, redness, and swelling associated with various skin conditions. It works by suppressing the immune system's response to reduce inflammation. Clobetasol is available in several forms, including creams, ointments, emulsions, and foams, and is usually applied to the affected area once or twice a day.

It is important to use clobetasol only as directed by a healthcare provider, as prolonged or excessive use can lead to thinning of the skin, increased susceptibility to infections, and other side effects. Additionally, it should not be used on large areas of the body or for extended periods without medical supervision.

Tooth diseases are conditions that affect the teeth and can cause discomfort, pain, and even loss of teeth if left untreated. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as poor oral hygiene, bacterial infections, trauma, genetics, and certain medical conditions. Some common tooth diseases include:

1. Dental caries (tooth decay): This is a breakdown of the tooth enamel due to the action of acid-producing bacteria that feed on sugars and starches in the mouth. Over time, this can lead to cavities or holes in the teeth.
2. Gingivitis: This is an inflammation of the gums caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar at the gum line. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that can cause tooth loss.
3. Periodontitis: This is a severe infection of the gums and bones that support the teeth. It is caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar, which leads to the destruction of the tissue and bone that hold the teeth in place.
4. Abscess: This is a pocket of pus that forms in the tooth or gum due to a bacterial infection. An abscess can cause pain, swelling, and fever, and may require antibiotics or surgical drainage.
5. Tooth erosion: This is the loss of tooth structure due to acid wear, which can be caused by factors such as diet, stomach acid, and teeth grinding.
6. Hypersensitivity: This is a condition in which the teeth become sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks. It can be caused by factors such as gum recession, tooth decay, and tooth wear.
7. Oral cancer: This is a type of cancer that affects the mouth, lips, tongue, or throat. It can cause symptoms such as sores, lumps, or difficulty swallowing, and may require surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy for treatment.

Toothbrushing is the act of cleaning teeth and gums using a toothbrush to remove plaque, food debris, and dental calculus (tartar) from the surfaces of the teeth and gums. It is typically performed using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, with gentle circular or back-and-forth motions along the gumline and on all surfaces of the teeth. Toothbrushing should be done at least twice a day, preferably after every meal and before bedtime, for two minutes each time, to maintain good oral hygiene and prevent dental diseases such as tooth decay and gum disease. It is also recommended to brush the tongue to remove bacteria and freshen breath.

Gingival hyperplasia is a condition characterized by an abnormal growth or enlargement of the gingiva (gum tissue). This condition can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infection, certain medications (such as phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine), systemic diseases (such as leukemia, vitamin C deficiency, and Crohn's disease), and genetic disorders.

The enlarged gum tissue can be uncomfortable, irritated, and prone to bleeding, especially during brushing or flossing. It may also make it difficult to maintain good oral hygiene, which can increase the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Treatment for gingival hyperplasia typically involves improving oral hygiene, controlling any underlying causes, and in some cases, surgical removal of the excess tissue.

Mouth diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, teeth, tongue, palate, and lining of the mouth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other organisms. They can also result from injuries, chronic illnesses, or genetic factors.

Some common examples of mouth diseases include dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease (gum disease), oral herpes, candidiasis (thrush), lichen planus, and oral cancer. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, bleeding, bad breath, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and changes in the appearance of the mouth or teeth. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and may involve medications, dental procedures, or lifestyle changes.

Aggressive periodontitis is a severe form of periodontal disease that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is characterized by rapid destruction of the periodontal tissues and can result in significant tooth loss if left untreated.

Aggressive periodontitis typically affects younger individuals, often before the age of 30, and can progress rapidly, even in the absence of obvious dental plaque or calculus accumulation. It is often associated with a genetic predisposition and may cluster in families.

The disease is classified as localized or generalized based on the distribution of affected sites. Localized aggressive periodontitis typically affects no more than two teeth next to each other, while generalized aggressive periodontitis involves at least three or four teeth in different areas of the mouth.

In addition to genetic factors, other risk factors for aggressive periodontitis include smoking, diabetes, and hormonal changes. Treatment typically involves a combination of thorough dental cleanings, antibiotics, and sometimes surgical intervention to remove damaged tissue and promote healing. Regular maintenance care is essential to prevent recurrence and further progression of the disease.

Pericoronitis is a dental condition characterized by inflammation of the tissue around the crown of a tooth, usually affecting the lower wisdom teeth that have only partially erupted through the gum line. The term "peri" means around, and "coron" refers to the crown of the tooth.

In pericoronitis, the gum tissues surrounding the affected tooth become red, swollen, and painful due to bacterial infection and accumulation of debris under the gum flap (operculum) covering the partially erupted tooth. This condition can lead to complications such as difficulty in chewing, swallowing, and speaking, as well as trismus (restricted jaw movement), pus discharge, and fever in severe cases.

Treatment for pericoronitis typically involves removing the source of irritation and infection, which may include professional dental cleaning, irrigation, and antibiotics to manage the infection. In some instances, surgical removal of the affected tooth or operculum may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and prevent future recurrences.

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria, also known as spirochetes. These bacteria are gram-negative and have unique motility provided by endoflagella, which are located in the periplasmic space, running lengthwise between the cell's outer membrane and inner membrane.

Treponema species are responsible for several important diseases in humans, including syphilis (Treponema pallidum), yaws (Treponema pertenue), pinta (Treponema carateum), and endemic syphilis or bejel (Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum). These diseases are collectively known as treponematoses.

It is important to note that while these bacteria share some common characteristics, they differ in their clinical manifestations and geographical distributions. Proper diagnosis and treatment of treponemal infections require medical expertise and laboratory confirmation.

Calendula, also known as pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), is a plant that is part of the Asteraceae/Compositae family. It is often used in herbal medicine and has been utilized for various medicinal purposes due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Calendula extracts or ointments are sometimes applied topically to help heal wounds, burns, rashes, and other skin irritations. However, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional before using calendula for medicinal purposes, as it may interact with certain medications or have adverse effects in some individuals.

Dental scaling is a professional dental cleaning procedure that involves the removal of plaque, tartar (calculus), and stains from the tooth surfaces. This is typically performed by a dentist or dental hygienist using specialized instruments called scalers and curettes. The procedure helps to prevent gum disease and tooth decay by removing bacterial deposits that can cause inflammation and infection of the gums. Dental scaling may be recommended as part of a routine dental check-up or if there are signs of periodontal disease, such as red, swollen, or bleeding gums. In some cases, local anesthesia may be used to numb the area and make the procedure more comfortable for the patient.

Gingival diseases are infections or inflammations that affect the gingiva, which is the part of the gum around the base of the teeth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria found in dental plaque and can lead to symptoms such as redness, swelling, bleeding, and receding gums. If left untreated, gingival diseases can progress to periodontal disease, a more serious condition that can result in tooth loss. Common types of gingival diseases include gingivitis and periodontitis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tin Fluorides" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept. Tin (Sn) and Fluoride (F-) are both chemical elements that can form various compounds together, such as tin(II) fluoride (SnF2) and tin(IV) fluoride (SnF4). These compounds have uses in industrial applications, but they are not typically associated with medical definitions.

Tin(II) fluoride, for example, is used in some toothpastes and dental products as a fluoride source to help prevent tooth decay. However, it's important to note that the medical definition of a substance like this would be more focused on its clinical use or effect, rather than its chemical composition alone.

If you have any questions about specific tin-fluoride compounds and their potential uses or effects in a medical context, I would recommend consulting a healthcare professional or a reliable source of information on pharmaceuticals or medical treatments.

Spirochaetaceae is a family of spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacteria known as spirochetes. These bacteria are characterized by their unique morphology, which includes a flexible helical shape and the presence of endoflagella, which are located inside the cell wall and run lengthwise along the entire length of the organism. This arrangement of flagella allows the spirochete to move in a corkscrew-like motion.

Spirochaetaceae includes several genera of medically important bacteria, such as:

* Treponema: This genus includes the bacterium that causes syphilis (Treponema pallidum) and other treponemal diseases like yaws and pinta.
* Borrelia: This genus includes the spirochetes responsible for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) and relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis).
* Leptospira: This genus contains the bacteria that cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted through the urine of infected animals.

Spirochetes are often found in aquatic environments and can be part of the normal microbiota of some animals, including humans. However, certain species can cause significant diseases in humans and animals, making them important pathogens. Proper identification and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing spirochetal infections.

'Salvia officinalis', also known as garden sage or common sage, is not a medical condition but an herb that has been used in traditional medicine. Here's the botanical definition:

Salvia officinalis, commonly known as sage, garden sage, or common sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family, also known as the mint family. The plant is native to the Mediterranean region and has been cultivated throughout the world for its aromatic leaves, which are used in cooking, cosmetics, and medicinal preparations.

In traditional medicine, sage leaves have been used to treat various conditions, such as sore throats, coughs, colds, and digestive issues. However, it is essential to note that the effectiveness of sage for these uses has not been thoroughly studied in clinical trials, and its use should not replace conventional medical care. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment or therapy.

Papaveraceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as the poppy family. It includes annuals, biennials, and perennials with showy flowers and often milky sap. The family contains around 770 species in 42 genera, including some well-known plants such as opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), and Iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule). The plants in this family have simple or compound leaves, and their flowers usually have four or six petals. Some members of Papaveraceae are cultivated for their ornamental value, while others produce valuable medicinal compounds such as opium alkaloids.

Actinomyces is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are normal inhabitants of the human mouth, colon, and urogenital tract. Under certain conditions, such as poor oral hygiene or tissue trauma, these bacteria can cause infections known as actinomycosis. These infections often involve the formation of abscesses or granulomas and can affect various tissues, including the lungs, mouth, and female reproductive organs. Actinomyces species are also known to form complex communities called biofilms, which can contribute to their ability to cause infection.

Cetylpyridinium is an antimicrobial compound that is commonly used in oral healthcare products such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, and lozenges. It works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to the death of the microorganism. Cetylpyridinium has been shown to be effective against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to maintain oral hygiene and prevent infection.

The chemical name for cetylpyridinium is cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and it has the molecular formula C16H37NClO. It is a cationic surfactant, which means that it contains positively charged ions that can interact with negatively charged bacterial cell membranes. This interaction disrupts the membrane's structure, leading to the leakage of cellular components and the death of the microorganism.

Cetylpyridinium is generally considered safe for use in oral healthcare products, although it can cause irritation in some people. It is important to follow the instructions on any product containing cetylpyridinium carefully, as overuse or improper use may lead to adverse effects. Additionally, it is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before using any new medication or healthcare product, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.

An oral ulcer is a defect or break in the continuity of the epithelium, the tissue that lines the inner surface of the mouth, leading to an inflamed, painful, and sometimes bleeding lesion. They can be classified as primary (e.g., aphthous ulcers, traumatic ulcers) or secondary (e.g., those caused by infections, underlying systemic conditions, or reactions to medications). Oral ulcers may cause discomfort, impacting speech and food consumption, and their presence might indicate an underlying medical issue that requires further evaluation.

"Porphyromonas gingivalis" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity and is associated with periodontal disease. It is a major pathogen in chronic periodontitis, which is a severe form of gum disease that can lead to destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.

The bacterium produces several virulence factors, such as proteases and endotoxins, which contribute to its pathogenicity. It has been shown to evade the host's immune response and cause tissue destruction through various mechanisms, including inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases.

P. gingivalis has also been linked to several systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease, although the exact mechanisms of these associations are not fully understood. Effective oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings, can help prevent the overgrowth of P. gingivalis and reduce the risk of periodontal disease.

I'm not aware of a medical definition for "DMF Index." The abbreviation "DMF" could potentially stand for many things, as it is used in various contexts across different fields. In the field of dentistry, DMF stands for Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth/surfaces, which is a method for measuring dental caries or tooth decay. However, there is no standard medical definition for "DMF Index." If you could provide more context or specify the field of study or practice, I would be happy to help further!

Root planing is a dental procedure that involves the cleaning and smoothing of the root surfaces of teeth. It is typically performed as a part of periodontal therapy to treat and manage gum disease. The goal of root planing is to remove tartar, calculus, and bacterial toxins from the roots of teeth, which helps to promote the reattachment of the gums to the teeth and prevent further progression of periodontal disease. This procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and may require multiple appointments depending on the severity of the case.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, refers to the damage or breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) due to the activity of acid-producing bacteria. These bacteria ferment sugars from food and drinks, producing acids that dissolve and weaken the tooth structure, leading to cavities.

The process of dental caries development involves several stages:

1. Demineralization: The acidic environment created by bacterial activity causes minerals (calcium and phosphate) to be lost from the tooth surface, making it weaker and more susceptible to decay.
2. Formation of a white spot lesion: As demineralization progresses, a chalky white area appears on the tooth surface, indicating early caries development.
3. Cavity formation: If left untreated, the demineralization process continues, leading to the breakdown and loss of tooth structure, resulting in a cavity or hole in the tooth.
4. Infection and pulp involvement: As the decay progresses deeper into the tooth, it can reach the dental pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels), causing infection, inflammation, and potentially leading to toothache, abscess, or even tooth loss.

Preventing dental caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, using fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, and having regular dental check-ups and cleanings. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can help prevent further progression and more severe complications.

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are not a medical term, but rather a type of edible mushroom that is commonly used in cooking and has been studied for potential medicinal properties. Here's a brief description:

Shiitake mushrooms are native to East Asia and are widely cultivated and consumed in many countries, including Japan, China, and Korea. They have a distinctive brown cap, a firm texture, and a rich, earthy flavor. Shiitake mushrooms contain various bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, and sterols, which are believed to contribute to their potential health benefits. Some of the reported medicinal properties include immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and establish the optimal dosage and safety profiles for different applications.

It's important to note that while shiitake mushrooms can be a healthy addition to a balanced diet, they should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment or professional advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for any health concerns or conditions.

Microbial consortia refer to a group or community of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that naturally exist together in a specific environment and interact with each other. These interactions can be synergistic, where the organisms benefit from each other's presence, or competitive, where they compete for resources.

Microbial consortia play important roles in various biological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, plant growth promotion, and wastewater treatment. The study of microbial consortia is essential to understanding the complex interactions between microorganisms and their environment, and has implications for fields such as medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.

Orthodontic appliances are devices used in orthodontics, a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. These appliances can be fixed or removable and are used to align teeth, correct jaw relationships, or modify dental forces. They can include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, space maintainers, and headgear, among others. The specific type of appliance used depends on the individual patient's needs and the treatment plan developed by the orthodontist.

Bacteroides are a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are normally present in the human gastrointestinal tract. They are part of the normal gut microbiota and play an important role in breaking down complex carbohydrates and other substances in the gut. However, some species of Bacteroides can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or when they spread to other parts of the body. They are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, making infections caused by these bacteria difficult to treat.

Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial agent used for its broad-spectrum germicidal properties. It is effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is commonly used as a surgical scrub, hand sanitizer, and healthcare disinfectant. Chlorhexidine is available in various forms, including solutions, gels, and sprays. It works by disrupting the microbial cell membrane, leading to the death of the organism. It is also used in mouthwashes and skin cleansers for its antimicrobial effects.

Bacteroidaceae is a family of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. Infections caused by Bacteroidaceae are relatively rare, but can occur in cases of severe trauma, surgery, or compromised immune systems. These infections may include bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), abscesses, and wound infections. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against anaerobic bacteria. It is important to note that proper identification of the specific species causing the infection is necessary for appropriate treatment, as different species within Bacteroidaceae may have different susceptibilities to various antibiotics.

Factor XIIIa is a protein involved in the blood clotting process. It is a activated form of Factor XIII, which is a protransglutaminase enzyme that plays a role in stabilizing blood clots. Factor XIIIa cross-links fibrin molecules in the clot to form a more stable and insoluble clot. This action helps prevent further bleeding from the site of injury.

Factor XIIIa is formed when thrombin, another protein involved in blood clotting, cleaves and activates Factor XIII. Once activated, Factor XIIIa catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between fibrin molecules, creating a mesh-like structure that strengthens the clot.

Deficiencies or dysfunctions in Factor XIIIa can lead to bleeding disorders, including factor XIII deficiency, which is a rare but serious condition characterized by prolonged bleeding and an increased risk of spontaneous hemorrhage.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Niger" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in West Africa, officially known as the Republic of Niger. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, please provide more details and I would be happy to help.

The periodontium is a complex structure in the oral cavity that surrounds and supports the teeth. It consists of four main components:
1. Gingiva (gums): The pink, soft tissue that covers the crown of the tooth and extends down to the neck of the tooth, where it meets the cementum.
2. Cementum: A specialized, calcified tissue that covers the root of the tooth and provides a surface for the periodontal ligament fibers to attach.
3. Periodontal ligament (PDL): A highly vascular and cell-rich connective tissue that attaches the cementum of the tooth root to the alveolar bone, allowing for tooth mobility and absorption of forces during chewing.
4. Alveolar bone: The portion of the jawbone that contains the sockets (alveoli) for the teeth. It is a spongy bone with a rich blood supply that responds to mechanical stresses from biting and chewing, undergoing remodeling throughout life.

Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, affect the health and integrity of the periodontium, leading to inflammation, bleeding, pocket formation, bone loss, and ultimately tooth loss if left untreated.

'Commiphora' is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Burseraceae, commonly known as myrrh trees. They are native to dry regions of Africa and Arabia. The bark and resin of several species have been used traditionally for medicinal purposes, such as treating wounds, skin infections, and digestive disorders. Myrrh oil is also used in aromatherapy and as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages. Some studies suggest that myrrh extracts may have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, but more research is needed to confirm these effects and determine their safety and efficacy.

Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste and is commonly used in cooking as a leavening agent.

In a medical context, sodium bicarbonate is used as a medication to treat conditions caused by high levels of acid in the body, such as metabolic acidosis. It works by neutralizing the acid and turning it into a harmless salt and water. Sodium bicarbonate can be given intravenously or orally, depending on the severity of the condition being treated.

It is important to note that sodium bicarbonate should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it can have serious side effects if not used properly. These may include fluid buildup in the body, electrolyte imbalances, and an increased risk of infection.

In medical terms, the mouth is officially referred to as the oral cavity. It is the first part of the digestive tract and includes several structures: the lips, vestibule (the space enclosed by the lips and teeth), teeth, gingiva (gums), hard and soft palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The mouth is responsible for several functions including speaking, swallowing, breathing, and eating, as it is the initial point of ingestion where food is broken down through mechanical and chemical processes, beginning the digestive process.

Veillonellaceae is a family of Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria found in various environments, including the human mouth and gut. The bacteria are known for their ability to produce acetic and lactic acid as end products of their metabolism. They are often part of the normal microbiota of the body, but they can also be associated with certain infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

It's important to note that while Veillonellaceae bacteria are generally considered to be commensal organisms, meaning they exist harmoniously with their human hosts, they have been implicated in some disease states, such as periodontitis (gum disease) and bacterial pneumonia. However, more research is needed to fully understand the role of these bacteria in health and disease.

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during tooth development. It is characterized by hypomineralization of the enamel, resulting in various appearances ranging from barely noticeable white spots to brown staining and pitting of the teeth. The severity depends on the amount, duration, and timing of fluoride intake, as well as individual susceptibility. Mild dental fluorosis is typically asymptomatic but can affect the appearance of teeth, while severe cases may cause tooth sensitivity and increased susceptibility to tooth decay.

While some cases of gingivitis never progress to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis. Gingivitis is ... Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums. The most common form of gingivitis, and the most ... Thus, several of the methods used in the prevention of gingivitis can also be used for the treatment of manifest gingivitis, ... Medicine portal Pericoronitis "Full width gingivitis" of orofacial granulomatosis Desquamative gingivitis The American Academy ...
Plasma cell gingivitis is another form of gingivitis which affects both the attached and free gingiva. Caused by various ... The color is another dissimilarity between typical marginal gingivitis and desquamative gingivitis, in the latter it is dusky ... Unlike plaque-induced inflammation of the gums (normal marginal gingivitis), desquamative gingivitis extends beyond the ... Desquamative gingivitis is a descriptive clinical term, not a diagnosis. Dermatologic conditions cause about 75% of cases of ...
", "fusospirochetal gingivitis", "phagedenic gingivitis", "Vincent stomatitis", "Vincent gingivitis", and "Vincent infection". ... Necrotizing gingivitis is part of a spectrum of disease termed necrotizing periodontal diseases. It is the most minor form of ... Necrotizing gingivitis (NG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful ... Necrotizing gingivitis may also be associated with diseases in which the immune system is compromised, including HIV/AIDS. ...
Desquamative gingivitis Glauser RO, Humpreys PK, Stanley HR, Baer PN: An unusual gingivitis among adolescent navajo Indians. ... In some cases the healing of a plaque-induced gingivitis or a periodontitis resolves a plasma cell gingivitis situated a few mm ... Other synonyms for this condition not previously mentioned include atypical gingivitis, allergic gingivitis, plasmacytosis of ... Plasma cell gingivitis was first described in the late 1960-early 1970s. A wave of cases occurred during this period, thought ...
In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. It is considered the main cause of tooth ... In some people, gingivitis progresses to periodontitis - with the destruction of the gingival fibers, the gum tissues separate ... Calculus above and below the gum line must be removed completely by the dental hygienist or dentist to treat gingivitis and ... The primary cause of gingivitis is poor or ineffective oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of a mycotic and bacterial ...
Desquamative gingivitis • Diane Legault • Diastema • Dilaceration • Doc Holliday • Don McLeroy • Donald Leake • Dr. Alban • Dr ... Gingivitis • Giovanni Battista Orsenigo • Glandular odontogenic cyst • Glasgow Dental Hospital and School • Glass ionomer ...
Plaque-induced) gingivitis-A common periodontal (gum) disease is gingivitis. Periodontal refers to the area the infection ... Treatment of gingivitis is dependent on how severe and how far the disease has progressed. If the disease is not too severe it ... Periodontitis-When gingivitis is not treated it can advance to periodontitis, when the gums pull away from the teeth and form ... "Gingivitis". Emedicine. Retrieved 2013-12-25. Jeremy., Bagg (2006). Essentials of microbiology for dental students (2nd ed.). ...
Gingivitis and gingival enlargement are often seen in mouth breathers, as a result of irritation brought on by surface ... Gingival enlargement is also a potential sequela of gingivitis. As in humans, it may be seen as a side effect to the use of ... Clark, Jo-Anna B.J.; Hudson, Robert C.; Marshall, H. Dawn (2014-10-09). "Hereditary hyperplastic gingivitis in North American ... Hirschfield, I (1932). "Hypertrophic gingivitis; its clinical aspect". Journal of the American Dental Association (19): 799. ...
Gingivitis is typically painless and is most commonly a result of plaque biofilm accumulation, in association with reduced or ... It is not as hard as enamel or dentine and is typically a light yellow colour.[page needed] Gingivitis is a common condition ... If left untreated, gingivitis has the potential to progress to periodontitis and other related diseases that are more ... This involves good oral hygiene like for all other forms of periodontitis and gingivitis. Brushing twice a day and interdental ...
"Gingivitis As An Early Form Of Gum Disease". Oral-B. Retrieved 13 April 2015. Marc Quirynen; et al. (1995). "Full- vs. partial- ... Gingivitis is characterized by swelling, redness and bleeding gums. It is the first step in the decline of periodontal health, ... As the gingivitis stage continues, the capillaries within the sulcus begin to dilate, resulting in more bleeding when brushing ... This infection of the gum causes the gum disease known as gingivitis, which literally means inflammation of the gingiva, or ...
An example is gingivitis. Dental plaque accumulates at the surfaces when proper cleaning and maintaining is not done. There is ... "Gum Disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis) Symptoms, Treatments, Causes". WebMD. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
... can exacerbate gingivitis. Felodipine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4, so substances that inhibit or activate ...
Cheilitis, glossitis, gingivitis syndrome; atypical gingivostomatitis, plasma-cell gingivitis, plasmacytosis of gingiva". Oral ... Plasma cell gingivitis may also occur, which may be accompanied by glossitis and cheilitis. Allergens that may cause allergic ... Janam, P; Nayar, BR; Mohan, R; Suchitra, A (January 2012). "Plasma cell gingivitis associated with cheilitis: A diagnostic ... or specifically to refer to a severe form of plasma cell gingivitis. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and ...
Effect on plaque and gingivitis". Clinical Preventive Dentistry. 4 (1): 5-8. PMID 6980082. Mankodi, Suru; Bartizek, Robert D.; ... "A controlled 6-month clinical trial to study the effects of a stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingivitis". Journal of Clinical ... A 6-month plaque/gingivitis clinical study, northeast USA". Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry. 18 Spec No: 10-5. ... Leslie Winston, J.; Biesbrock, Aaron R.; McClanahan, Stephen F.; He, Tao (January 2005). "Anti-gingivitis efficacy of a ...
Gingivitis appears as a thin red line along the margin of the gums and may be accompanied by swollen gum margins, bad breath, ... Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. It is the inflammation of the gingiva and is caused by bacterial ... The severity of gingivitis is scored by using the Gingival Index (GI), which consists of four stages: Stage 0 (GI0) - ... "Gingivitis and Stomatitis in Dogs". vca_corporate. Retrieved November 28, 2019. James L. Cook1, D. V. M.; Steven P. Arnoczky2, ...
While in some individuals gingivitis never progresses to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis. In 1976 ... Plasma cell gingivitis is a rare condition thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction. Lichenoid lesions may also occur on the ... It was first observed in HIV infected individuals and termed "HIV-gingivitis", but the condition is not confined to this group ... This is termed plaque-induced gingivitis and represents the most common form of gingival disease. This inflammatory response in ...
With ulcerative gingivitis or stomatitis; due to pain, can be managed with cautious use of a mucosal covering. Unable to ...
It has been identified in children with gingivitis and young adults with periodontitis. D. pneumosintes has also been recovered ... "Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in children". Infection and Immunity. 46 (1): 1-6. doi:10.1128/IAI.46.1.1-6.1984. PMC ... "Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in young adult humans". Infection and Immunity. 38 (2): 651-667. doi:10.1128/iai.38.2. ...
The proportion of Gram-negative rods increase as gingivitis develops, so it is also used to reduce gingivitis. It is sometimes ... The first known references to mouth rinsing is in Ayurveda for treatment of gingivitis. Later, in the Greek and Roman periods, ... It is often used in the short term to treat acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis. Side effects can occur with prolonged use ... Washington State, U.S.A. Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari R (2009). "Effect of oil pulling on plaque induced gingivitis: a ...
Traces of pyridine can be found in Beaufort cheese, vaginal secretions, black tea, saliva of those suffering from gingivitis, ... Kostelc, J. G.; Preti, G.; Nelson, P. R.; Brauner, L.; Baehni, P. (1984). "Oral Odors in Early Experimental Gingivitis". ...
There is usually pregnancy gingivitis also. Pregnancy epulis commonly occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. In adults ...
Other presentations include gingivitis and oral malignancies. Treatment and management of AIDS is based on highly active anti- ... ulceration and gingivitis/periodontitis (Godara et al., 2011). There are a number of oral complications following renal ...
Most of Potenza's roles are in television commercials, including a giant yellow toothbrush in the "evil gingivitis" commercials ... "A Saultite take on the Evil Gingivitis". SooToday. Retrieved October 25, 2006. "'50s swamp actor's home" Archived October 20, ...
"Full width" gingivitis (compare with marginal gingivitis). Gingival enlargement (swelling of the gums). Fissured tongue ( ...
ISBN 1-904933-05-X. Macuch, P.J.; Tanner, A.C.R. (2000). "Campylobacter Species in Health, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis". ...
Desquamative gingivitis is the most frequent manifestation. The gingiva is erythematous, in which patients usually complaint of ... Desquamative gingivitis or mucositis involving oral, ocular, nasal, genital, anal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and/or esophageal ...
... does not cause desquamative gingivitis. Treatment includes steroid gel and analgesics (anesthetic ... suspension). Mucocele Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis List of cutaneous conditions James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G ...
It has been shown to be effective in preventing dental plaque and reducing gingivitis. It has also been used as an ingredient ... Asadoorian, Joanna; Williams, Karen (2008). "Cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse on gingivitis and plaque". Journal of Dental ... in reducing plaque and gingivitis-inflammation. In combination with chlorhexidine and zinc lactate, CPC has been found to be ...
Others include generalized stomatitis, angular cheilitis and gingivitis.[citation needed] Oral manifestation of anemia include ... angular cheilitis, generalized stomatitis, candidiasis and gingivitis. There will be pallor of lips and oral mucosa. Patients ...
... is widely confused with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (previously also called "Vincent's gingivitis"), ... Taylor, FE; McKinstry, WH (1917). "The Relation of Peri-dental Gingivitis to Vincent's Angina". Proceedings of the Royal ... Later in 1904, Vincent described the same pathogenic organisms in "ulceronecrotic gingivitis". As a result, ... symptoms of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, such as painful gums may also be present. The tonsils show single or multiple ...
While some cases of gingivitis never progress to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis. Gingivitis is ... Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums. The most common form of gingivitis, and the most ... Thus, several of the methods used in the prevention of gingivitis can also be used for the treatment of manifest gingivitis, ... Medicine portal Pericoronitis "Full width gingivitis" of orofacial granulomatosis Desquamative gingivitis The American Academy ...
Gingivitis is due to the short-term effects of plaque deposits on your teeth. Plaque is a sticky material made up of bacteria, ... Gingivitis is an early form of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues ... You may need more frequent cleanings if you are more prone to developing gingivitis. You may not be able to remove all the ... Your dentist will use a probe to closely examine your gums to determine if you have gingivitis or Periodontitis. Periodontitis ...
Gingivitis has been classified by clinical appearance (eg, ulcerative, hemorrhagic, necrotizing, purulent), etiology (eg, drug- ... Gingivitis is an inflammatory process limited to the mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, ie, trench mouth) is an acute infectious gingivitis. The term trench mouth was ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Acute necrotizing infection may occur as a complication of chronic gingivitis in ...
Posts about Gingivitis written by What Doctors Dont Tell You and American Institute for Preventive Medicine ... Bronchodilator steroids linked to gingivitis in kids. What Doctors Dont Tell You ... Mexican researchers report that the use of inhalers can lead to gingivitis in children. ...
Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease that causes irritation, redness and swelling of your gums. ... Gingivitis Enlarge image Close Gingivitis. Gingivitis. Gingivitis can cause dusky red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily, ... Gingivitis is common, and anyone can develop it. Factors that can increase your risk of gingivitis include:. *Poor oral care ... Its important to take gingivitis seriously and treat it promptly. Gingivitis can lead to much more serious gum disease called ...
What is the effect of a mouthwash containing various active chemical ingredients on plaque control and managing gingivitis in ... Can Chemical Mouthwash Agents Achieve Plaque/Gingivitis Control? Dent Clin North Am. 2015 Oct;59(4):799-829. doi: 10.1016/j. ... No difference between CHX and EO with respect to gingivitis was observed. ... What is the effect of a mouthwash containing various active chemical ingredients on plaque control and managing gingivitis in ...
Many pregnant women experience a condition called pregnancy gingivitis during the second trimester, coinciding with increases ... Pregnancy Gingivitis. When youre pregnant, its important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Pregnant women need to eat a ... In some cases, pregnancy gingivitis may persist until late in the pregnancy or until after delivery when hormone levels return ... In some cases, pregnancy gingivitis may persist until late in the pregnancy or until after delivery when hormone levels return ...
Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Both are caused by the presence of plaque.. Gingivitis is a local inflammation around the neck of ... going to the dentist tomorrow and Im terrified that I am going to be told I have gum disease.. I have had gingivitis a twice ... What you have there is some gingivitis around some of the lower front teeth. Get the plaque removed and work a bit harder on ... We used to think that gingivitis inevitably would progress to periodontitis over time, this now appears not to be the case, but ...
Patients presenting with desquamative gingivitis (DG) are typically some of the most frustrated, aggravated patients I ... Cycle of oral hygiene in desquamative gingivitis.. Credit: JAAD. Patients presenting with desquamative gingivitis (DG) are ... Desquamative gingivitis: Sinking your teeth in miagnosis and management. By Warren R. Heymann, MD. Jan. 7, 2017. ... Other causes of DG that present with erythema and ulcerative lesions include plasma cell gingivitis (PCG), systemic LE, discoid ...
... of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis patients, respectively, making it significantly higher in the gingivitis and ... Total VSC level was significantly higher in the gingivitis than the healthy control group (186.72 ± 374.83 ppb vs. 19.80 ... H2S level was significantly higher in the gingivitis (100.51 ± 183.69 ppb) and periodontitis (91.57 ± 132.06 ppb) ... Additionally, the incidence rates of gingivitis and periodontitis in patients with halitosis were investigated. Through various ...
2. Gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is usually caused by a build up of plaque on the teeth. Adequate brushing usually ... Patients who have gingivitis and build-up of plaque will benefit from regular dental advice, and they should be encouraged to ... The patient with gingivitis needs advice about good oral hygiene, including brushing the teeth adequately at least twice a day ... Gingivitis may progress to periodontal disease, and this can lead to the serious condition acute necrotising ulcerative ...
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: risk factors involving host defense mechanisms. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A review of diagnosis, etiology and treatment.. *Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, ... Holistic care concepts, bruxism and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.. *Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis-periodontitis ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: risk factors involving host defense mechanisms.. Periodontol 2000. 1994 Oct; 6:116-24. ...
The cat health guide reviews the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of gingivitis in cats. ... Prevention of Cat Gingivitis:. Gingivitis can be prevented only by regular dental and oral care such as brushing your cats ... Symptoms of Feline Gingivitis:. Oral pain, hyper salivation, and anorexia are common signs of gingivitis in cats. In severe ... Causes of Feline Gingivitis:. The Oral cavity of cats (inside the mouth) is very sensitive and susceptible to several types of ...
Gingivitis Linked With Alzheimers Disease. Gingivitis plays a decisive role in the development of Alzheimers disease, ... If you want to kill the bacteria that causes caries and gingivitis, try dual-light... ...
Gingivitis has been classified by clinical appearance (eg, ulcerative, hemorrhagic, necrotizing, purulent), etiology (eg, drug- ... Gingivitis is an inflammatory process limited to the mucosal epithelial tissue surrounding the cervical portion of the teeth ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, ie, trench mouth) is an acute infectious gingivitis. The term trench mouth was ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Acute necrotizing infection may occur as a complication of chronic gingivitis in ...
Controlling plaque before it can harden into tartar is the key to preventing cat gingivitis. Discover the quick and easy way to ... Gingivitis in Cats: What Every Pet Parent Should Know. Oh no! My cat has gingivitis! Relax. If your cat has gingivitis, know ... How to Treat Gingivitis in Cats. If your cats gingivitis is mild, adopting a dental routine at home should do the trick in ... What Is Gingivitis in Cats?. Cat gingivitis is the earliest (and 100% reversible) stage of gum disease. (There are four stages ...
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The Central Minnesota Heart Center at St. Cloud Hospital also known as MN Heart is a comprehensive cardiac care center dedicated to the discovery, management and control of cardiac disease in the adult population. The Heart Center is committed to providing excellent patient care, attracting high-caliber staff and developing state-of-the-art facilities.. ...
Choose from 39 Gingivitis Treatment Clinics in Hyderabad, India with 14 verified patient reviews. ... Gingivitis Treatment prices from ₹549 - Enquire for a fast quote ★ ... Gingivitis Treatment Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums. Gingivitis treatment can be best done in Vijay Multispeciality ... Gingivitis Treatment prices from ₹549 - Enquire for a fast quote ★ Choose from 39 Gingivitis Treatment Clinics in Hyderabad, ...
Did you know that there are several gum disease stages ranging from early gingivitis to advanced periodontal disease? Learn the ... Gingivitis & Periodontitis. Gingivitis is an early stage of gum disease caused by plaque buildup on teeth. If plaque isnt ... Despite being preventable, gingivitis is quite common. An estimated 3 out of 4 American adults have gingivitis, the earliest ... Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease, and its symptoms include inflamed or red gums that may bleed when brushed. ...
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the ... It usually manifests as a worsening of gingivitis and then, if untreated, with... read more . ... Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG) (Fusospirochetosis; Trench Mouth; Vincent Infection or Vincent Angina). By ... Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a painful infection of the gums. Symptoms are acute pain, bleeding, and foul breath ...
Necrotizing gingivitis is an atypical, acute form of bacteria-related gingivitis that is rarely found in developed countries.[1 ... Necrotizing gingivitis is a more serious condition that is mainly found in developing countries and is associated with people ... Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingiva. The vast majority of cases are related to bacteria-induced inflammation caused by ... This topic focuses on these two forms of gingivitis. ... HIV/AIDS (in necrotizing gingivitis). *stress (in necrotizing ...
If you are suffering from gingivitis, you may also be suffering from bad breath, which is a common side effect of the issue. ... Gingivitis is the inflammation of the tissues that both support and surround the teeth, otherwise known as gums. This occurs ... It can also naturally help to neutralize the acids that occur in the mouth which help gingivitis flourish. Oil Pulling An ... One of the reasons that gingivitis is so prevalent is due to the amount of bacteria that resides in our mouths at any given ...
Order Pathological Gingivitis Model for your dental office ✷ Fast shipping ✷ Premier Members save 10% more sitewide ✷ Save $ ... Pathological Gingivitis Model. The MDO Pathological Gingivitis Model consists of an upper and lower arch with 32 anatomical, ... Pathological Gingivitis Model. Order Pathological Gingivitis Model for your dental office ✷ Fast shipping ✷ Premier Members ... Pathological Gingivitis Model. Order Pathological Gingivitis Model for your dental office ✷ Fast shipping ✷ Premier Members ...
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Shop for Parodontax Bleeding Gum Gingivitis Treatment Clean Mint Toothpaste (3pk / 3.4 oz) at Frys Food Stores. Find quality ... Parodontax Bleeding Gum Gingivitis Treatment Clean Mint Toothpaste. 4.54(. 162. )View All Reviews ... Gingivitis toothpaste that removes plaque and kills plaque bacteria. *More effective than sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste ...
A gengivitis is an inflammation of the tissue covering the upper and lower jaws and surrounding the necks of teeth. It occurs as a result of bacterial infection. It can be very painful.
... gingivitis, gingivitis causes, gingivitis symptoms, gingivitis treatment, Gum Disease, how to treat gingivitis, is gingivitis ... gingivitis, gingivitis cure, gingivitis symptoms, gingivitis treatment, home cure gingivitis, natural cure gingivitis, natural ... This entry was posted in Gingivitis, Oral Care and tagged gingivitis, gingivitis symptoms, how to treat gingivitis, is ... Tag Archives: gingivitis symptoms How to make a Herbal Gargle to Cure Gingivitis ...
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  • Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, in which the inflammation of the gums results in tissue destruction and bone resorption around the teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recurrence of gingivitis Periodontitis Infection or abscess of the gingiva or the jaw bones Trench mouth (bacterial infection and ulceration of the gums) Swollen lymph nodes Associated with premature birth and low birth weight A study from 2018 found evidence that gingivitis bacteria may be linked to Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The gums are most often painless or mildly tender when gingivitis is present. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your dentist will use a probe to closely examine your gums to determine if you have gingivitis or Periodontitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gingivitis can cause dusky red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily, especially when you brush your teeth. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Swollen and Bleeding Gums During Pregnancy Many pregnant women experience a condition called pregnancy gingivitis. (waterpik.com)
  • Do I have gingivitis, periodontitis or are my gums ok? (dentalfearcentral.org)
  • Bleeding or swollen gums may mean nothing more than over-zealous brushing or gingivitis, or more seriously, a bleeding diathesis or leukaemia. (gponline.com)
  • Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis is a painful bacterial infection of the gums associated with marked swelling and ulceration of the mucosa. (gponline.com)
  • Feline gingivitis is inflammation of the gums and surrounding areas. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Gingivitis refers to the inflammation of the gums in cats. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Various species of spirochetes and fusobacterium can cause gingivitis or inflammation of gums in cats. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • There is also a homeopathic remedy available called Gums-n-Teeth that is made specifically to support the health of the teeth and gums in cats and to prevent gingivitis. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • In addition to the tell-tale red gums of gingivitis, you'll likely notice yellow-brown tartar buildup on your cat's teeth. (oxyfresh.com)
  • Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease, and its symptoms include inflamed or red gums that may bleed when brushed. (listerine.com)
  • Symptoms of gingivitis include irritated or red gums that may bleed when brushing or flossing. (listerine.com)
  • If gingivitis goes untreated, it can lead to periodontitis, which carries symptoms and health implications such as receding gums, damage to the bone and connective tissue around teeth, and (in the severe cases) tooth loss. (listerine.com)
  • Gingivitis describes early (and reversible) gum disease, the kind marked by red, swollen gums that may bleed easily when brushed or flossed. (listerine.com)
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a painful infection of the gums. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Gingivitis is the inflammation of the tissues that both support and surround the teeth, otherwise known as gums. (trustedhealthproducts.com)
  • Gingivitis , which means inflammation of the gums, is perhaps the most common human disease. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Gingivitis treatment can be by mechanical removal of the source of irritation to the gums (for example scaling and toothbrushing) or by chemotherapeutic means (for example mouthwash). (intelligentdental.com)
  • Gingivitis is superficial gum inflammation recognised by the increased redness of the gums and bleeding on brushing. (gpnotebook.com)
  • Gingivitis or generally known as gums (gingiva) disease is defined as an inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth . (intelligentdental.com)
  • Gingivitis is a mild form of periodontal disease characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingivae). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gingivitis is an extremely common disease in which the gums become red and swollen and bleed easily. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Periodontitis Periodontitis is a severe form of gingivitis, in which the inflammation of the gums extends to the supporting structures of the tooth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Without adequate brushing, plaque remains along the gumline and builds up between the gums and the teeth (gingivitis does not occur in places where teeth are missing). (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the gingivitis turn into a chronic disease it will be too late to turn back your gums into healthy ones. (gorgeoussmiles.com.au)
  • Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease, often involving bleeding gums, inflammation, and bad breath. (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • So what happens to my gums if I have gingivitis? (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • During an examination, your doctor will evaluate your gums and teeth for signs of gingivitis. (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • Some warning signs of gingivitis are red, swollen gums that easily bleed, and persistent bad breath. (tupelosmiles.com)
  • Gingivitis refers to the inflammation of gums resulting majorly from non-maintenance of oral hygiene. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Kreosote is a good choice among Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis in cases where the gums are bluish in appearance along with intense swelling. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Carbo Veg is one of the most wonderful Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis where bleeding gums predominate. (homoeoonline.com)
  • The most effective Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis with highly inflamed and painful gums are Merc Sol, Kreosote and Lachesis. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Kreosote is one of the best selected Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis where the gums are bluish in appearance, painful, tender, protruding and puffy. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Phosphorus and Carbo Veg are rated among the best Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis with bleeding gums. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Phosphorus is one of the effective Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis cases where the gums bleed easily. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Offensive mouth odour is also prominent in cases where Carbo Veg will provide relief as one of the best Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis with bleeding gums. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Thuja is excellent among Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis with tooth decay next to the gums affected with gingivitis. (homoeoonline.com)
  • One of the most common of these is gingivitis, which develops when bacteria build up between your teeth and gums, leading to irritation, inflammation and bleeding. (emed.com.au)
  • My cat had very swollen gums and possibly gingivitis. (nhvnaturalpetproducts.com)
  • At the early stage of gingivitis, this gum disease is reversible, which makes it important to visit Dental Express in San Diego, CA as soon as you see your gums bleeding. (thedentalexpress.com)
  • Bleeding gums may be the only symptoms you experience when you first develop gingivitis. (thedentalexpress.com)
  • The plaque, when do not removed at the proper time, will turn into tartar, and you will encounter gingivitis or get inflamed gums that promote gums bleeding randomly . (thedentalexpress.com)
  • This baking powder could be used as a method to treat Gingivitis mainly because it can neutralize acids within the mouth and clean the gums. (dailynewstrust.com)
  • Good oral hygiene is the best way to prevent gingivitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your traditional oral health regimen may not be adequate to prevent gingivitis during pregnancy. (waterpik.com)
  • The best way to prevent gingivitis is from a good dental hygiene practice consistently throughout life. (intelligentdental.com)
  • How can I prevent gingivitis? (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • The best way to prevent gingivitis is a program of good dental hygiene, one that you begin early and practice consistently throughout life. (emed.com.au)
  • The most common type of gingivitis involves the marginal gingiva and is brought on by the accumulation of microbial plaques in persons with inadequate oral hygiene. (medscape.com)
  • Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gingiva, the part of your gum around the base of your teeth. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Gingiva become inflamed (gingivitis). (mayoclinic.org)
  • Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingiva. (bmj.com)
  • Divided in hemi-arches, one side features transparent gingiva with natural teeth, while the other side has soft, natural-colored gingiva and illustrates various stages of gingivitis and periodontitis, including sacs, inflammation, gum recession, and furcation. (practicon.com)
  • Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingiva (gum) around the tooth which basically is your body responding to overgrowth of bad bacteria in the mouth. (gorgeoussmiles.com.au)
  • Mexican researchers report that the use of inhalers can lead to gingivitis in children. (healthy.net)
  • However, people with poor oral hygiene, medical conditions that can lead to gingivitis, or a tendency to develop plaque more quickly than usual may need professional cleanings more often. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most forms of gingivitis are plaque-induced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although bacteria play a role in all forms of gingivitis, the primary cause of chronic gingivitis is inadequate oral hygiene. (medscape.com)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29926944?tool=bestpractice.com This topic focuses on these two forms of gingivitis. (bmj.com)
  • If you notice any signs and symptoms of gingivitis, schedule an appointment with your dentist. (mayoclinic.org)
  • These medicines, if started well in time, help treat the acute symptoms of gingivitis as well as prevent complications like periodontitis. (homoeoonline.com)
  • While some cases of gingivitis never progress to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We used to think that gingivitis inevitably would progress to periodontitis over time, this now appears not to be the case, but we don't know what makes one person get periodontitis and another just get gingivitis. (dentalfearcentral.org)
  • Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a much more serious form of gum disease. (emed.com.au)
  • The list of drugs that cause gingivitis and gingival bleeding is extensive. (medscape.com)
  • It can treat gingivitis of both recent and chronic nature. (homoeoonline.com)
  • The key property to treat Gingivitis is curcumin, which is also antioxidants and anti-inflammatory that works wonders to reduce plaque, swelling, pain, and inflammation in the last stages of Gingivitis. (dailynewstrust.com)
  • Gingivitis can lead to much more serious gum disease called periodontitis and tooth loss. (mayoclinic.org)
  • If not treated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis and eventual tooth loss. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Without professional attention, gingivitis can escalate to periodontitis, resulting in gum recession and eventual tooth loss . (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • Gingivitis is commonly initiated by dental plaque formation, termed as plaque-induced gingival disease . (intelligentdental.com)
  • Feline juvenile gingivitis is a pronounced generalized inflammation of the gingival tissues in the young cat. (apexvetss.com)
  • Additionally, further research is necessary to precisely determine the role of biofilm -induced gingivitis and systemic-induced gingivitis in improving gingival conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gingivitis is gingival bleeding in one or more sites after gently probing the gingival sulcus. (cdc.gov)
  • Gingivitis may progress to periodontal disease, and this can lead to the serious condition acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (sometimes referred to as Vincent's angina or trench mouth). (gponline.com)
  • Some cases require direct referral to an appropriate specialist, and this would include acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis, unexplained tooth mobility for more than three weeks, unexplained ulceration of the oral mucosa or mass persisting for more than three weeks, and suspected lichen planus or leukoplakia. (gponline.com)
  • Developing good dental hygiene will help prevent pregnancy gingivitis and set the tone for establishing positive habits in your child to prevent oral disease in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. (waterpik.com)
  • The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Good oral health habits, such as brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental checkups, can help prevent and reverse gingivitis. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene that encourages plaque to form on teeth, causing inflammation of the surrounding gum tissues. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Cycle of oral hygiene in desquamative gingivitis. (aad.org)
  • The patient with gingivitis needs advice about good oral hygiene, including brushing the teeth adequately at least twice a day (morning and last thing at night), flossing three times a week or using interdental brushes regularly and stopping smoking if necessary. (gponline.com)
  • Feline gingivitis is characterized by oral pain, hyper salivation and anorexia in its initial stages, while tooth decay and severe secondary oral cavity infection occurs in chronic cases. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Oral pain, hyper salivation, and anorexia are common signs of gingivitis in cats. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Gingivitis can be prevented only by regular dental and oral care such as brushing your cat's teeth. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Bad cat breath is often the first sign of cat gingivitis, a serious oral health condition that affects 7 in 10 cats by age 3. (oxyfresh.com)
  • ABSTRACT The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of caries, severe caries and gingivitis in Tehran primary-school children and to analyse the relationship between children's oral hygiene habits and prevalence of these oral health diseases. (who.int)
  • For certain individual cases, effects of gingivitis are exaggerated during puberty, menstruation, taking oral contraceptives and during pregnancy (starting at third month from gestation and peak at six months, complete resolution only at parturition). (intelligentdental.com)
  • Good oral hygiene, frequent professional cleanings, and adequate nutrition usually eliminate gingivitis, and some mouthwashes may help. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gingivitis due to plaque can be prevented with good oral hygiene-the daily use of a toothbrush and dental floss. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral home care. (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • Good oral hygiene, quitting smoking, and controlling other risk factors can reverse gingivitis. (cosmeticdentistryconnecticut.com)
  • Most cases of gingivitis can be treated by a thorough cleaning at your dentist office, and diligent oral care at home including brushing twice a day, and flossing once per day. (tupelosmiles.com)
  • Although factors such as medications and lowered immunity make you more susceptible to gingivitis, the most common cause is poor oral hygiene. (emed.com.au)
  • Oral inflammatory conditions have been described in the immature feline, including feline juvenile gingivitis, juvenile-onset periodontitis, stomatitis, tooth resorption, or a combination. (apexvetss.com)
  • It is distinguished from other oral inflammatory disorders in that the generalized gingivitis has not radiated to the mucosa or caudal oral tissues as in stomatitis. (apexvetss.com)
  • Gingivitis is infection from oral that considered influenced of fetal growth both via systemic infections (hematogenous) and elevated of inflammatory mediators that caused of preterm low birth weight. (undip.ac.id)
  • Estimated the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and the relationship between these variables and the oral hygiene habits of preschool children attending public daycare facilities in Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
  • INTRODUCTION focus on diseases only (such as caries, periodontitis, Oral health is important to the quality of life of al gingivitis et cetera. (who.int)
  • If your cat has gingivitis, know that it's 100% reversible when caught early. (oxyfresh.com)
  • Cat gingivitis is the earliest (and 100% reversible) stage of gum disease . (oxyfresh.com)
  • While gingivitis may be treated, the effects of periodontitis are typically not reversible. (listerine.com)
  • If gingivitis is not addressed, it can progress and develop into the more serious (non-reversible) stage of gum disease called periodontitis. (listerine.com)
  • First thing you need to know is gingivitis is reversible, what is irreversible is when gingivitis turns into periodontitis. (gorgeoussmiles.com.au)
  • The diagnosis of the periodontal disease gingivitis is done by a dentist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG, ie, trench mouth) is an acute infectious gingivitis. (medscape.com)
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) occurs most frequently in smokers and debilitated patients who are under stress. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The risk for gingivitis naturally increases with age, and genetics do play a role. (oxyfresh.com)
  • The GP can help patients by giving advice and treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis. (gponline.com)
  • The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that is attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gingivitis is an early form of periodontal disease . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gingivitis proceeds through an initial stage to produce early lesions, which then progress to advanced disease. (medscape.com)
  • Gingivitis plays a decisive role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, according to researchers. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • But how do you know if your cat's gingivitis has progressed to the later stages of gum disease? (oxyfresh.com)
  • While ANY breed of cat can get gingivitis (remember - 7 in 10 cats have gum disease by age three), it's especially common in short-nosed breeds like Persians, Chinchillas, and British or Exotic Shorthairs because their teeth tend to be overcrowded, which creates a breeding ground for plaque and tartar to accumulate. (oxyfresh.com)
  • An estimated 3 out of 4 American adults have gingivitis, the earliest form of gum disease. (listerine.com)
  • Gingivitis is an early stage of gum disease caused by plaque buildup on teeth. (listerine.com)
  • Gum disease is the general term used to describe all the stages of periodontal disease - including gingivitis and periodontitis. (listerine.com)
  • Usually related to bacterial biofilm on the tooth surface, gingivitis of plaque origin is a preventable and curable periodontal disease. (intelligentdental.com)
  • The term gum disease or periodontal disease includes both gingivitis and periodontitis , and it affects the periodontium which consists of the tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Very first stage of gum disease is gingivitis, which is common these days but does not mean it can be ignored, as I said, it is the first stage, if not acknowledge and treated properly it will cause tartar build up, loss of bone and eventually teeth. (gorgeoussmiles.com.au)
  • The beginning stage of periodontal disease is call gingivitis and is caused by a buildup of plaque. (tupelosmiles.com)
  • Gingivitis can be reversed before it develops into more serious disease. (tupelosmiles.com)
  • In recent years, periodontal disease, the endpoint of chronic gingivitis, slowly has decreased among adult Americans. (medscape.com)
  • Gingivitis and resulting periodontal disease are seen more frequently in patients with either diabetes or HIV. (medscape.com)
  • Studies in Australia, Sweden, England, and Switzerland report gingivitis in 48-85% of children aged 3-6 years, but whether this range reflects population differences or whether it is due to different criteria used to define the disease is difficult to know. (medscape.com)
  • Pg is associated with gum disease, including gingivitis and periodontal disease. (medscape.com)
  • Necrotizing gingivitis is a more serious condition that is mainly found in developing countries and is associated with people with severe malnutrition or people living with HIV with low CD4 counts. (bmj.com)
  • Gingivitis is very common and ranging from mild to severe inflammation. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Gingivitis can cause more severe conditions if left untreated. (gorgeoussmiles.com.au)
  • Eighty-eight percent of women had gingivitis , 15% were classified as moderate and 73% as severe. (bvsalud.org)
  • Acute necrotizing infection may occur as a complication of chronic gingivitis in situations in which hygiene is abandoned completely or host defenses are weakened. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who have gingivitis and build-up of plaque will benefit from regular dental advice, and they should be encouraged to see their dentist. (gponline.com)
  • Mouthwashes like over-the-counter products with essential oils, such as Listerine, or dentist prescribed chlorhexidine mouthrinses may help in keeping our mouths clean but some may prefer a natural cure for gingivitis . (intelligentdental.com)
  • Depending on the severity of gingivitis , your dentist may opt for gum surgery. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Many people with gingivitis do not know they have it, so it is important to see your dentist every 6 months for regular cleanings and checkups. (tupelosmiles.com)
  • Later experimental gingivitis studies, using culture, provided more information regarding the specific bacterial species present in plaque. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experimental Gingivitis Induces Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Young Healthy Individuals: A Single-Subject Interventional Study. (medscape.com)
  • No surprise here: the #1 cause of cat gingivitis is plaque and tartar buildup. (oxyfresh.com)
  • This study showed that gingivitis among pregnant women as a risk factor of preterm low birth weight with Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) 8,75 (95% CI: 2,56 - 29,94). (undip.ac.id)
  • Prevalence, Severity of Extension, and Risk Factors of Gingivitis in a 3-Month Pregnant Population: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. (bvsalud.org)
  • The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence , severity of extension, and risk factors of gingivitis among pregnant women . (bvsalud.org)
  • The most common type of gingivitis is a chronic form induced by plaque. (medscape.com)
  • Moderate chronic gingivitis. (medscape.com)
  • In chronic and more complicated cases of feline gingivitis, surgical treatment is preferred. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Alumen is considered the best prescription where the teeth get loosened from chronic gingivitis. (homoeoonline.com)
  • If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to the more serious condition of periodontitis. (listerine.com)
  • Periodontitis is when gingivitis is left untreated for so long that bone loss and resorption happens as a result, unlike gingivitis that can be reversed Periodontitis is irreversible. (gorgeoussmiles.com.au)
  • Feline gingivitis can be prevented by a reduction of pre disposing factors and also by improving dental care and hygienic measures. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • This syndrome is differentiated from feline juvenile gingivitis by the presence of periodontal attachment loss. (apexvetss.com)
  • This syndrome is approached in similar fashion as feline juvenile gingivitis, with the exception that extractions are frequently necessary. (apexvetss.com)
  • As plaque matures and gingivitis develops, the communities become increasingly complex with higher proportions of Gram-negative rods, fusiforms, filaments, spirilla and spirochetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some drugs can cause an overgrowth (hyperplasia) of gum tissue, so that removing plaque becomes more difficult, and gingivitis often develops. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Despite being preventable, gingivitis is quite common. (listerine.com)
  • Yet gingivitis is both preventable and treatable. (emed.com.au)
  • Effect of two new chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the development of dental plaque, gingivitis, and discolouration. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical studies that used chlorhexidine for several months as a mouthwash showed 45 to 61% decrease of the microbial plaque and 27 to 67% decrease of gingivitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Homeopathic mode of treatment is very effective in treating gingivitis. (homoeoonline.com)
  • The recommended Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis are Merc Sol, Kreosote, Carbo Veg and Alumen. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Silicea is the most helpful of Homeopathic medicines for gingivitis where offensive mouth odour is worse in the morning. (homoeoonline.com)
  • Taxa associated with gingivitis included Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies polymorphum, Lachnospiraceae [G-2] species HOT100, Lautropia species HOTA94, and Prevotella oulorum (a species of Prevotella bacterium), whilst Rothia dentocariosa was associated with periodontal health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Can Chemical Mouthwash Agents Achieve Plaque/Gingivitis Control? (nih.gov)
  • Also note that structured abstracts are not allowed per journal style: What is the effect of a mouthwash containing various active chemical ingredients on plaque control and managing gingivitis in adults based on evidence gathered from existing systematic reviews? (nih.gov)