Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhizic Acid
Chalcones
Pulsatilla
Plant Roots
Plant Extracts
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Pharmaceutical evaluation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots cultivated in eastern Nei-Meng-Gu of China. (1/21)
To clarify the feasibility of medicinal use of the cultivated Glycyrrhiza resources, the equivalency between the G. uralensis roots cultivated in eastern Nei-Meng-Gu of China and medicinal licorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix, Gancao in Chinese and Kanzo in Japanese) was examined. The HPLC fingerprint including glycyrrhizin (GL) of the cultivated roots was similar to that of medicinal Gancao, but different from that of non-medicinal Xinjiang-Gancao (Shinkyo Kanzo in Japanese). Similarity between the cultivated roots and two medicinal Gancao was confirmed quantitatively by hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of HPLC-7-peak-area data. Moreover, the 4-year-old adventitious roots conformed to the five standards described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia XIV (JP XIV). The 4-year-old adventitious roots had similar pharmaceutical properties to those of medicinal Dongbei-Gancao (Tohoku Kanzo in Japanese) as determined by examining IgE-mediated triphasic skin reaction in mice and pharmacokinetic profile of glycyrrhetic acid, an anti-allergic metabolite of GL. The present pharmaceutical study suggests that the 4-year-old adventitious roots of G. uralensis cultivated in eastern Nei-Meng-Gu of China are comparable to medicinal Gancao conforming to the JP XIV, and may be a potential medicinal source to compensate for the insufficiency of wild Glycyrrhiza plants caused by collection restriction in China. (+info)Comparative pharmacokinetic behavior of glycyrrhetic acid after oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid and Gancao-Fuzi-Tang. (2/21)
Comparative pharmacokinetic profiles of glycyrrhetic acid (GA), glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and Gancao-Fuzi-Tang (KF) after oral administration of GL and KF were studied. Plasma samples taken from rats were acidified with acetic acid and GA was extracted with isopropanol-ethyl ether (1 : 1). Separation of GA was performed on a C(18) column with the detection wavelength set at 254 nm. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (58 : 18 : 24 : 1 v/v). The results showed that the mean residence time and area under the curve of GA in KF-administered rats were 27.6+/-1.5 h and 122.8+/-46.7 microg.h/ml respectively, which were significantly different from those in GL-administered rats (15.0+/-2.0 h and 40.9+/-9.6 microg.h/ml, respectively). The results suggest the increased effect of GA after oral administration of KF in comparison with GL. (+info)Comparative analysis of ten strains of Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in Japan. (3/21)
Comparative analysis of 10 strains of Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in Kyoto, Japan, was undertaken to characterize their variations. Based on the chemical characteristics of their leaves and underground parts, the 10 strains were divided into two chemotypes, the China type and Kazakhstan type. The contents of licoleafol in the leaves of the China type (0-0.03% of dry weight) were lower than those of the Kazakhstan type (0.05-1.16% of dry weight). In addition, a China type-specific unidentified compound was also detected in the leaves of China-type plants. Glycyrrhizin contents in the underground parts of the China type (2.08-5.12% of dry weight) were relatively higher than those of the Kazakhstan type (0.75-2.55% of dry weight). Contents of glycycoumarin, a species-specific flavonoid of G. uralensis, in the underground parts of China-type plants (0.07-0.28% of dry weight) were higher than those of Kazakhstan-type plants (0.01-0.08% of dry weight). These 10 strains were also divided into two genotypes, the GA type and AT type, based on their chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene (rbcL) sequences, although there was no correlation between the chemotype and the rbcL genotype. (+info)Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. (4/21)
The traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are essential components of alternative medicines. Many TCMs are known to alter the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The molecular mechanism by which TCMs and/or their constituents regulate enzyme and transporter expression, however, has remained largely unknown. In this report, we show that two TCMs, Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch), and their selected constituents activate the xenobiotic orphan nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR). Treatment with TCM extracts and the Schisandrol and Schisandrin constituents of Wu Wei Zi induced the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in reporter gene assays and in primary hepatocyte cultures. The affected enzymes and transporters include CYP3A and 2C isozymes and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. In transient transfection and reporter gene assays, the Schisandrin constituents of Wu Wei Zi had an estimated EC50 of 2 and 1.25 microM on hPXR and mPXR, respectively. Interestingly, mutations that were intended to alter the pore of the ligand-binding cavity of PXR had species-specific effects on the activities of the individual Schisandrols and Schisandrins. In rats, the administration of Wu Wei Zi and Gan Cao increased the metabolism of the coadministered warfarin, reinforcing concerns involving the safe use of herbal medicines and other nutraceuticals to avoid PXR-mediated drug-drug interactions. Meanwhile, the activation of PXR and induction of detoxifying enzymes provide a molecular mechanism for the hepatoprotective effects of certain TCMs. (+info)A LuxR/LuxI-type quorum-sensing system in a plant bacterium, Mesorhizobium tianshanense, controls symbiotic nodulation. (5/21)
The ability of rhizobia to symbiotically fix nitrogen from the atmosphere when forming nodules on their plant hosts requires various signal transduction pathways. LuxR-LuxI-type quorum-sensing systems have been shown to be one of the players in a number of rhizobium species. In this study, we found that Mesorhizobium tianshanense, a moderate-growth Rhizobium that forms nodules on a number of licorice plants, produces multiple N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-like molecules. A simple screen for AHL synthase genes using an M. tianshanense genomic expression library in Escherichia coli, coupled with a sensitive AHL detector, uncovered a LuxI-type synthase, MrtI, and a LuxR-type regulator, MrtR, in M. tianshanense. Deletions of the mrtI or mrtR locus completely abolished AHL production in M. tianshanense. Using lacZ transcriptional fusions, we found that expression of the quorum-sensing regulators is autoinduced, as mrtI gene expression requires MrtR and cognate AHLs and mrtR expression is dependent on AHLs. Compared with the wild-type strains, quorum-sensing-deficient mutants showed a marked reduction in the efficiency of root hair adherence and, more importantly, were defective in nodule formation on their host plant, Glycyrrhiza uralensis. These data provide strong evidence that quorum sensing plays a critical role in the M. tianshanense symbiotic process. (+info)Isoliquiritigenin, one of the antispasmodic principles of Glycyrrhiza ularensis roots, acts in the lower part of intestine. (6/21)
Glycyrrhizae radix is used to treat abdominal pain as a component of shakuyakukanzoto (shaoyao-gancao-tang), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation. Previously, we have reported the isolation of glycycoumarin as a potent antispasmodic with an IC50 value of 2.93+/-0.94 microM for carbamylcholine (CCh)-induced contraction of mouse jejunum from an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhizae radix (licorice), and clarified that its mechanism of action involves inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3. The purpose of the present study was to examine an antispasmodic principle of licorice other than glycycoumarin. Isoliquiritigenin was isolated from an aqueous extract of licorice as a potent relaxant, which inhibited the contraction induced by various types of stimulants, such as CCh, KCl, and BaCl2 with IC50 values of 4.96+/-1.97 microM, 4.03+/-1.34 microM and 3.70+/-0.58 microM, respectively, which are close to those of papaverine. However, the amount of isoliquiritigenin in the aqueous extract of licorice was very small. When the aqueous licorice extract was treated with naringinase, the amounts of glycosides such as isoliquiritin, which were abundant but had much less potent relaxant activity, were decreased while isoliquiritigenin was increased. At the time, the relaxant activity of the treated sample was increased significantly, shifting the IC50 from 358+/-104 to 150+/-38 microg/ml for CCh-induced contraction. Isoliquiritigenin also showed the most potent inhibition of mouse rectal contraction induced by CCh with an IC50 value of 1.70+/-0.07 microM. These results suggest that isoliquiritigenin acts as a potent relaxant in the lower part of the intestine by transformation from its glycosides. (+info)Changes in components, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid, in raw Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, modify insulin sensitizing and insulinotropic actions. (7/21)
We hypothesized that roasted Glycyrrhizae Radix (Glycyrrhizin Radix Praeparata, GRP) might modify anti-diabetic action due to compositional changes. Then we examined the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of raw Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) and GRP extracts and their major respective components, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid. In partial pancreatectomized (Px) diabetic mice, both GR and GRP improved glucose tolerance, but only GRP enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as much as exendin-4. Both GR and GRP extracts enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake through peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Consistently with the results of the mice study, only GRP and glycyrrhetinic acid enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated islets. In addition, they induced mRNA levels of insulin receptor substrate-2, pancreas duodenum homeobox-1, and glucokinase in the islets, which contributed to improving beta-cell viability. In conclusion, GRP extract containing glycyrrhetinic acid improved glucose tolerance better than GR extract by enhancing insulinotropic action. Thus, GRP had better anti-diabetic action than GR. (+info)Constituent properties of licorices derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, or G. inflata identified by genetic information. (8/21)
Constituent properties of licorices derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata are revealed by comparing 117 of licorice identified using four genetic markers; internal tracscribed spacer (ITS) on nuclear ribosomal DNA, rbcL gene, matK gene, and trnH-trnK1 intergenic region on chloroplast DNA. Regarding six main constituents of licorice; glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, and liquiritigenin, the constituent property of G. glabra resembles to that of G. inflata. On the other hand, the constituent property of G. uralensis is not similar to that of G. glabra or G. inflata and is characterized by a wide content variation of the six constituents compared to those of G. glabra and/or G. inflata. The mean contents of liquiritin, isoliquiritin, or liquilitigenin in G. uralensis are significantly higher than those of G. glabra or G. inflata. Therefore, the licorice species should be selected depending on these constituent properties for the traditional Chinese medicines or the Japanese Kampo medicines. Additionally, glycycoumarin, glabridin, and licochalcone A were reconfirmed as the species-specific typical constituents of G. uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata respectively. Therefore, it is resulted that the determination of the three species-specific constituents may be useful for the species identification of licorice. However, since 6% of licorice examined and hybrids were exceptions to the rule, their genetic information is necessary for the accurate species identification of licorice. (+info)'Glycyrrhiza uralensis', also known as Chinese licorice, is a plant species native to Asia. In a medical context, it often refers to the root of this plant, which contains various compounds with potential medicinal properties. It has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat various health conditions such as respiratory disorders, liver diseases, and skin inflammations.
The active component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is glycyrrhizin, which has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and expectorant properties. However, it should be noted that excessive consumption of glycyrrhizin can lead to serious side effects such as hypertension, hypokalemia, and edema. Therefore, it is important to use this herb under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
"Glycyrrhiza" is the medical term for the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra), which belongs to the legume family. The root of this plant contains glycyrrhizin, a sweet-tasting compound that has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as treating coughs, stomach ulcers, and liver disorders. However, excessive consumption of glycyrrhizin can lead to serious side effects like high blood pressure, low potassium levels, and even heart problems. Therefore, it is important to use licorice products under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Glycyrrhizic acid is a compound derived from the root of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It has been defined medically as a triterpene glycoside with anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties. It is known to inhibit the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which can lead to increased levels of cortisol in the body, potentially causing side effects such as hypertension and hypokalemia if consumed in large amounts or over an extended period.
In some medical contexts, glycyrrhizic acid may be used for its potential benefits, including its ability to suppress viral replication and inflammation. However, due to the risk of side effects, it is often used in modified forms or at reduced concentrations.
Chalcones are a class of compounds that have a chemical structure consisting of two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system. The name "chalcone" is derived from the Greek word "chalcos," meaning copper, due to the yellow color that many chalcones exhibit.
Chalcones are synthesized through a reaction known as the Claisen-Schmidt condensation between an aldehyde and a ketone. They are important intermediates in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which are a large group of plant pigments that have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
Chalcones themselves have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including their ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, bacteria, and fungi. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and safety profiles before they can be developed into drugs.
"Pulsatilla" is the name of a homeopathic remedy that is prepared from the dried herb of the Pulsatilla vulgaris plant, also known as the common pasque flower. In a medical context, it is not used as a conventional medical diagnosis or treatment. Instead, it's utilized in homeopathy, a complementary and alternative medicine system.
Homeopathic practitioners use Pulsatilla to treat various emotional and physical symptoms, including weepiness, mood swings, and digestive issues. It is important to note that the effectiveness of homeopathic remedies like Pulsatilla has not been conclusively proven by scientific research, and they are not recognized as standard medical treatments by mainstream healthcare professionals.
A plant root is not a medical term per se, but it is a term from botany, which is the study of plants. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you.
Plant roots are the underground organs of a plant that typically grow downward into the soil. They serve several important functions, including:
1. Anchorage: Roots help to stabilize the plant and keep it upright in the ground.
2. Absorption: Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, which are essential for the plant's growth and development.
3. Conduction: Roots conduct water and nutrients up to the above-ground parts of the plant, such as the stem and leaves.
4. Vegetative reproduction: Some plants can reproduce vegetatively through their roots, producing new plants from root fragments or specialized structures called rhizomes or tubers.
Roots are composed of several different tissues, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the root, which secretes a waxy substance called suberin that helps to prevent water loss. The cortex is the middle layer of the root, which contains cells that store carbohydrates and other nutrients. The endodermis is a thin layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue and regulates the movement of water and solutes into and out of the root. The vascular tissue consists of xylem and phloem, which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Chinese herbal drugs, also known as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), refer to a system of medicine that has been practiced in China for thousands of years. It is based on the belief that the body's vital energy, called Qi, must be balanced and flowing freely for good health. TCM uses various techniques such as herbal therapy, acupuncture, dietary therapy, and exercise to restore balance and promote healing.
Chinese herbal drugs are usually prescribed in the form of teas, powders, pills, or tinctures and may contain one or a combination of herbs. The herbs used in Chinese medicine are typically derived from plants, minerals, or animal products. Some commonly used Chinese herbs include ginseng, astragalus, licorice root, and cinnamon bark.
It is important to note that the use of Chinese herbal drugs should be under the guidance of a qualified practitioner, as some herbs can interact with prescription medications or have side effects. Additionally, the quality and safety of Chinese herbal products can vary widely depending on the source and manufacturing process.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kazakhstan" is not a medical term or concept. It is the world's largest landlocked country, located in Central Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhizol
Inoherb
Pseudoclavibacter endophyticus
Brucella endophytica
Novosphingobium endophyticum
Chinese herbology
Ononin
Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body
Third Month Fair
Ordos Desert
Liquiritin
Sini San Wan
Physochlaina
Lipase inhibitors
Liquiritigenin
Soups in East Asian culture
Pterocarpan
Gamisoyo-San
List of MeSH codes (B06)
Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa
Dit da jow
Shennong Bencaojing
Mesir macunu
Sheng Hua Tang
Glycyrrhiza inflata
Liquorice (disambiguation)
Liquorice
Glycyrrhiza uralensis - Wikipedia
Review History for The immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis [PeerJ]
Microbiome innovations for a sustainable future | Nature Microbiology
Photo: Glycyrrhiza uralensis 1. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage
ISO/CD 19025 - Traditional Chinese Medicine - Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra roots and...
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Licorice Root Sliced Organic
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PhytoCort® 120 vegetarian capsules
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HRP-C - 100caps - Le Capucin
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Licorice7
- PhytoCort® is a combination of reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), shrubby sophora (Sophora flavescens), Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), and noni (Morinda citrifolia). (nutricology.com)
- 8 mg Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) root 34 mg, dry Equiv. (nutritionwarehouse.com.au)
- As an essential measure for clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, it is recommended that the aconite roots shall be used together with roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ( Radix glycyrrhizae , Gan-Cao, licorice root) to eliminate the toxicity and improve efficacy [ 5 , 6 ]. (springer.com)
- Chinese licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis ) root 18.75mg, dry equiv. (naturalhealthorganics.com.au)
- The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts from the licorice( Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (nefu.edu.cn)
- Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis ) is a flowering plant of the bean family Fabaceae. (remedysnutrition.com)
- Its botanical name Glycyrrhiza means 'sweet root', an appropriate name due to the intense sweet flavor of the licorice root. (remedysnutrition.com)
Fisch4
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (nature.com)
- This document specifies the quality and safety requirements for Glycyrrhiza roots and rhizome that is derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (iso.org)
- Aconitum carmichaelii Debx lateral root ( Radix aconite Lateralis , Sichuan aconite root) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (springer.com)
- and root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (biomedcentral.com)
Glabra2
Liquorice1
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as Chinese liquorice, is a flowering plant native to Asia. (wikipedia.org)
Rhizome1
- This document applies to Glycyrrhiza roots and rhizome that is sold and used as natural medicines in international trade, including Chinese materia medica (whole medicinal materials) and decoction pieces derived from this plant. (iso.org)
Extract4
- Therefore, this study explores the vasodilatory effect of complex saponin extracted from P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis mixture extract on rabbit carotid arteries. (kjpr.kr)
- Complex saponins, the major active constituents of P. grandiflorum and G . uralensis mixture extract, exhibited a moderate vasodilatory effect on the rabbit's basilar arteries. (kjpr.kr)
- Therefore, treatment with complex saponin extracted from P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis mixture extract may selectively accelerate cerebral blood flow through basilar arterial dilation. (kjpr.kr)
- Using a mouthwash containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract may improve bad breath, according to a study. (drbicuspid.com)
Platycodon1
- Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis contain several bioactive compounds, such as saponin, oleanolic acid, and flavone. (kjpr.kr)
Grandiflorum1
- P. grandiflorum and G. uralensis have traditionally been used to treat disorders related to blood pressure, diabetes, and counteracting poison, and they have antinociceptive and antiinflammatory properties. (kjpr.kr)
Radix1
- To elucidate this assumption, one of the major proteins from Radix glycyrrhiza , namely GP, was purified and used to construct NPs with aconitine embedded. (springer.com)
Effect1
- investigates the immunostimulatory effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in vitro and in murine vivo studies and is definitely worthy of publication. (peerj.com)
Europe1
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis can be found growing naturally in Europe, Asia, and throughout the Middle East. (wikipedia.org)
Poria2
- It is composed of Citrus unshiu , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Pinellia ternate , Poria cocos, and Zingiber officinale . (hindawi.com)
- Diese besteht aus einer definierten Mischung aus 6 Arzneidrogen ( Panax ginseng radix, Atractylodes lancea rhizoma, Poria cocos sclerotium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis radix, Ziziphus jujuba fructus, Zingiber officinale rhizoma). (thieme-connect.de)
Citrus1
- For a combination of four plants, we obtain Angelica Sinensis , Citrus aurantium , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , and Mangifera indica . (frontiersin.org)
Inflata2
- and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. (biomedcentral.com)
- G. uralensis had a better response to Si application than did G. inflata . (biomedcentral.com)
Extract1
- Using a mouthwash containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract may improve bad breath, according to a study. (drbicuspid.com)
Angelica Sinensis1
- Did you mean ANGELICA SINENSIS ROOT OR ASTRAGALUS PROPINQUUS ROOT OR CINNAMON OR indium official Root OR GINGER OR glycyrrhizin Uralensis Root OR hernia dulls Fruit OR Jujube fruit OR pena LACTIFLORA ROOT OR Rehmannia Glutinosa Root ? (nih.gov)
Constituents1
- An LC-MS/MS analysis revealed glycyrrhizic acid and glycosylated forms of isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin as major constituents of water and methanol extracts of G. uralensis. (nih.gov)
Chinese1
- Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as Chinese liquorice, is a flowering plant native to Asia. (wikipedia.org)
Perennial1
- Glycyrrhiza echinata is a PERENNIAL growing to 1 m (3ft 3in). (pfaf.org)
Study1
- In this study, we investigated the potential of Glycyrrhiza uralensis to counteract amyloid-β toxicity, one of the key features of Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)