Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.
Histiocytic, inflammatory response to a foreign body. It consists of modified macrophages with multinucleated giant cells, in this case foreign-body giant cells (GIANT CELLS, FOREIGN-BODY), usually surrounded by lymphocytes.
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.
A disorder of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma often resulting from trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma.
The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.
Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.
Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages), characteristic of granulomatous inflammation, which form around exogenous material in the skin. They are similar in appearance to Langhans giant cells (GIANT CELLS, LANGHANS), but foreign-body giant cells have more abundant chromatin and their nuclei are scattered in an irregular pattern in the cytoplasm.
Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.
Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.
Benign granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by a ring of localized or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures.
A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.
Anogenital ulcers caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis as distinguished from lymphogranuloma inguinale (see LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM) caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of typical intracellular Donovan bodies in crushed-tissue smears.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.
Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.
Inhaling liquid or solids, such as stomach contents, into the RESPIRATORY TRACT. When this causes severe lung damage, it is called ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.
Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation of periapical tissue resulting from irritation following pulp disease or endodontic treatment.
Study of coins, tokens, medals, etc. However, it usually refers to medals pertaining to the history of medicine.
Gauze material used to absorb body fluids during surgery. Referred to as GOSSYPIBOMA if accidentally retained in the body following surgery.
A tumor-like nodule or mass of inflammatory granulation tissue projecting into the lumen of the LARYNX.
A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.
Radiography of the bronchial tree after injection of a contrast medium.
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.
The act of BREATHING in.
The air space located in the body of the MAXILLARY BONE near each cheek. Each maxillary sinus communicates with the middle passage (meatus) of the NASAL CAVITY on the same side.
Head injuries which feature compromise of the skull and dura mater. These may result from gunshot wounds (WOUNDS, GUNSHOT), stab wounds (WOUNDS, STAB), and other forms of trauma.
Endoscopes for the visualization of the interior of the bronchi.
Sexual stimulation or gratification of the self.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx).
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the esophagus.
A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.
An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.
Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.
A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.
A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. The intermediate host is the planorbid snail. This parasite causes schistosomiasis mansoni and intestinal bilharziasis.
Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.
The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.
The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.
A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.
Surgical incision or puncture into a URINARY BLADDER. Cystotomy may be used to remove URINARY CALCULI, or to perform tissue repair and reconstruction.
A broad family of synthetic organosiloxane polymers containing a repeating silicon-oxygen backbone with organic side groups attached via carbon-silicon bonds. Depending on their structure, they are classified as liquids, gels, and elastomers. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
Procedures for the improvement or enhancement of the appearance of the visible parts of the body.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.
A moderate-growing, photochromogenic species found in aquariums, diseased fish, and swimming pools. It is the cause of cutaneous lesions and granulomas (swimming pool granuloma) in humans. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.
Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)
Artificial substitutes for body parts and materials inserted into organisms during experimental studies.
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.
Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the urinary bladder.
Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.
The bottom portion of the pharynx situated below the OROPHARYNX and posterior to the LARYNX. The hypopharynx communicates with the larynx through the laryngeal inlet, and is also called laryngopharynx.
Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".
A TEXTILE fiber obtained from the pappus (outside the SEEDS) of cotton plant (GOSSYPIUM). Inhalation of cotton fiber dust over a prolonged period can result in BYSSINOSIS.
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.
Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).
A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.
A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon.
A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat.
A tumor-like inflammatory lesion of the lung that is composed of PLASMA CELLS and fibrous tissue. It is also known as an inflammatory pseudotumor, often with calcification and measuring between 2 and 5 cm in diameter.
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Characteristic cells of granulomatous hypersensitivity. They appear as large, flattened cells with increased endoplasmic reticulum. They are believed to be activated macrophages that have differentiated as a result of prolonged antigenic stimulation. Further differentiation or fusion of epithelioid cells is thought to produce multinucleated giant cells (GIANT CELLS).
Facial dermatoses refers to various skin conditions that affect the face, causing symptoms such as redness, inflammation, papules, pustules, scaling, or pigmentation changes, which can be caused by a range of factors including genetics, infections, allergies, and environmental factors.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE known for its sour fruit.
Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.
Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Removal of an implanted therapeutic or prosthetic device.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.

Antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of an extract of red propolis. (1/135)

AIM: To study the antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of ethanolic extract of red propolis. METHODS AND RESULTS: This extract induced the formation of granular layer in the mouse tail test used as a model of psoriasis. Propolis 50 mg.kg-1 i.g. showed anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton-pellet granuloma assay in rats, in croton oil-induced edema in mice at a dose of 25% (2.5 microL), and in the peritoneal capillary permeability test in mice at a dose of 10 mg.kg-1. The extract (25 mg.kg-1 i.g.) showed analgesic effect in the model of acetic acid-induced writhings, whereas 40 mg.kg-1 was effective in the hot plate test in mice. CONCLUSION: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipsoriatric properties of Cuban red propolis were evident.  (+info)

Neuroimaging of a wooden foreign body retained for 5 months in the temporalis muscle following penetrating trauma with a chopstick--case report. (2/135)

A 48-year-old female was stabbed by her husband with a chopstick made of wood in the left temporal region during a quarrel. She suffered laceration of the left temporal scalp. At initial examination, she concealed the assault with a chopstick. Radiography showed no abnormality, so the wound was sutured. One month after the injury, a painless subcutaneous mass appeared in the left temporal region which grew rapidly for 3 months. She was then admitted to our department. Computed tomography (CT) on admission showed a hyperdense area at the center of the mass. This area was hypointense on both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Temporalis muscle tumor with accompanying central necrosis, old hematoma, and inflammatory granuloma was considered. The mass was totally resected for cosmetic purposes and was found to be wooden foreign body granuloma. High density on CT and hypointensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MR images are characteristic of a chronically retained wooden foreign body in the living body and are useful for detecting wooden foreign bodies in the chronic granulomatous phase.  (+info)

MR characteristics of muslin-induced optic neuropathy: report of two cases and review of the literature. (3/135)

Muslin-induced optic neuropathy is a rarely reported but important cause of delayed visual loss after repair of intracranial aneurysms. Most of the previously reported cases were published before the introduction of MR imaging. We describe the clinical features and MR appearance of two cases of delayed visual loss due to "muslinoma," and compare them with the 21 cases reported in the literature.  (+info)

The effects of the concentration of high-density polyethylene particles on the bone-implant interface. (4/135)

We used a rat model in vivo to study the effects of the concentration of polyethylene particles on the bone-implant interface around stable implants in the proximal tibia. Intra-articular injections of 10(4), 10(6) or 10(8) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles per joint were given 8, 10 and 12 weeks after surgery. The animals were killed after 14 and 26 weeks and the response at the interface determined. Fibrous tissue was seen at the bone-implant interface when the head of the implant was flush with the top of the tibia but not when it was sunk below the tibial plateau. In the latter case the implant was completely surrounded by a shell of bone. The area of fibrous tissue and that of the gap between the implant and bone was related to the concentration of particles in the 14-week group (p < 0.05). Foreign-body granulomas containing HDPE particles were seen at the bone-implant interface in animals given 10(8) particles. The pathology resembles that seen around prostheses with aseptic loosening and we suggest that this is a useful model by which to study this process.  (+info)

Silicone lymphadenopathy mimicking a lymphoma in a patient with a metatarsophalangeal joint prosthesis. (5/135)

With lymph node enlargement, the possibility of a malignant process such as metastatic carcinoma or lymphoma needs to be excluded. This report describes a 47 year old woman with inguinal lymph node enlargement initially suspicious for lymphoma. Fine needle aspiration findings favoured reactive hyperplasia, but a malignant process could not be excluded. The final histological diagnosis was a foreign body granulomatous inflammatory response as a result of regionally disseminated silicone particles from an over looked metatarsophalangeal joint prosthesis. Because of the large number of joint prostheses world wide, it should be kept in mind that migration of wear particles can create granulomatous inflammation and node enlargement.  (+info)

Endothelial cells of hematopoietic origin make a significant contribution to adult blood vessel formation. (6/135)

Granulation tissue formation is an example of new tissue development in an adult. Its rich vascular network has been thought to derive via angiogenic sprouting and extension of preexisting vessels from the surrounding tissue. The possibility that circulating cells of hematopoietic origin can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in areas of vascular remodeling has recently gained credibility. However, no quantitative data have placed the magnitude of this contribution into a physiological perspective. We have used hematopoietic chimeras to determine that 0.2% to 1.4% of ECs in vessels in control tissues derived from hematopoietic progenitors during the 4 months after irradiation and hematopoietic recovery. By contrast, 8.3% to 11.2% of ECs in vessels that developed in sponge-induced granulation tissue during 1 month derived from circulating hematopoietic progenitors. This recruitment of circulating progenitors to newly forming vessels would be difficult to observe in standard histological studies, but it is large enough to be encouraging for attempts to manipulate this contribution for therapeutic gain.  (+info)

Ultrastructural changes associated with accumulation of inclusion bodies in rat retinal pigment epithelium. (7/135)

PURPOSE: To determine the structural changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neighboring structures induced by intravitreal injection of a lysosomal protease inhibitor. METHODS: Eleven-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 5 microliter of a lysosomal protease inhibitor, E-64 (2.22 microM), intravitreally once and killed at 24 hours, 48 hours, or 7 days later. Others received two or three injections at 48-hour intervals or three daily injections, and killed at 1, 4, and 7 days after the last injection. Eyes were enucleated and retinal tissues were processed for light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: A single injection of E-64 caused only a transient accumulation of phagosome-like and phagolysosome-like inclusion bodies in the RPE. By contrast, repeated injection caused progressive accumulation of these inclusions followed by altered RPE cell conformation, and changes in organelles such as loss of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). This was accompanied by shortening and loss of photoreceptor outer segments without prior dysmorphic changes, alteration of choroidal capillaries, and invasion of Bruch's membrane by fibroblasts and pericytes. Intravitreal injection of vehicle as control induced no structural changes. CONCLUSIONS: E-64 treatment induced structural changes in the outer retina. The causal relationship between accumulation of inclusions in RPE and changes in other subcellular organelles and neighboring cells systems is not clear. However, there are possible explanations: physical disturbance of organelles, particularly SER by inclusions; cellular damage by consequent upon accumulation of A2-E; or, shortage of recycled material due to reduced degradation of phagosomes.  (+info)

Large cholesterol granuloma arising from the frontal sinus--case report. (8/135)

A 59-year-old male presented with a large cholesterol granuloma arising from the frontal sinus manifesting as a large, fluctuated, soft mass in his brow, compressing left eye. Skull radiography showed dilation of the frontal sinus. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass extending into the left orbit and anterior cranial fossa. Gross inspection at the frontal craniotomy showed mucinous, dark green fluid intermingled with shining material. The histological diagnosis was cholesterol granuloma with epithelial lining. Large cholesterol granuloma with facial deformity is always associated with bone and cosmetic problems. Wide opening of the frontal sinus followed by cyst wall removal and plastic repair of the skull is necessary.  (+info)

"Foreign bodies" refer to any object or substance that is not normally present in a particular location within the body. These can range from relatively harmless items such as splinters or pieces of food in the skin or gastrointestinal tract, to more serious objects like bullets or sharp instruments that can cause significant damage and infection.

Foreign bodies can enter the body through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, injection, or penetrating trauma. The location of the foreign body will determine the potential for harm and the necessary treatment. Some foreign bodies may pass through the body without causing harm, while others may require medical intervention such as removal or surgical extraction.

It is important to seek medical attention if a foreign body is suspected, as untreated foreign bodies can lead to complications such as infection, inflammation, and tissue damage.

A granuloma is a small, nodular inflammatory lesion that occurs in various tissues in response to chronic infection, foreign body reaction, or autoimmune conditions. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of epithelioid macrophages, which are specialized immune cells with enlarged nuclei and abundant cytoplasm, often arranged in a palisading pattern around a central area containing necrotic debris, microorganisms, or foreign material.

Granulomas can be found in various medical conditions such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, and certain autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease. The formation of granulomas is a complex process involving both innate and adaptive immune responses, which aim to contain and eliminate the offending agent while minimizing tissue damage.

Foreign bodies in the eye refer to any object or particle that is not normally present in the eye and becomes lodged in it. These foreign bodies can range from small particles like sand or dust to larger objects such as metal shavings or glass. They can cause irritation, pain, redness, watering, and even vision loss if they are not removed promptly and properly.

The symptoms of an eye foreign body may include:

* A feeling that something is in the eye
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness or inflammation of the eye
* Watering or tearing of the eye
* Sensitivity to light
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing

If you suspect that you have a foreign body in your eye, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. An eye care professional can examine your eye and determine the best course of treatment to remove the foreign body and prevent any further damage to your eye.

A granuloma is a type of organized immune response that occurs when the body encounters a foreign substance that it cannot eliminate. A "foreign-body" granuloma specifically refers to this reaction in response to an exogenous material, such as a splinter, suture, or other types of medical implants.

Foreign-body granulomas are characterized by the formation of a collection of immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, which surround and attempt to isolate the foreign material. Over time, this collection of immune cells can become walled off and form a well-circumscribed mass or nodule.

Foreign-body granulomas may cause localized symptoms such as pain, swelling, or inflammation, depending on their location and size. In some cases, they may also lead to complications such as infection or tissue damage. Treatment typically involves removing the foreign body, if possible, followed by anti-inflammatory therapy to manage any residual symptoms or complications.

A foreign-body reaction is an immune response that occurs when a non-native substance, or "foreign body," is introduced into the human body. This can include things like splinters, surgical implants, or even injected medications. The immune system recognizes these substances as foreign and mounts a response to try to eliminate them.

The initial response to a foreign body is often an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by the release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation, increased blood flow, and the migration of white blood cells to the site. This can result in symptoms such as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.

If the foreign body is not eliminated, a chronic inflammatory response may develop, which can lead to the formation of granulation tissue, fibrosis, and encapsulation of the foreign body. In some cases, this reaction can cause significant tissue damage or impede proper healing.

It's worth noting that not all foreign bodies necessarily elicit a strong immune response. The nature and size of the foreign body, as well as its location in the body, can all influence the severity of the reaction.

A pyogenic granuloma is not precisely a "granuloma" in the strict medical definition, which refers to a specific type of tissue reaction characterized by chronic inflammation and the formation of granulation tissue. Instead, a pyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular tumor that occurs most frequently on the skin or mucous membranes.

Pyogenic granulomas are typically characterized by their rapid growth, bright red to dark red color, and friable texture. They can bleed easily, especially when traumatized. Histologically, they consist of a mass of small blood vessels, surrounded by loose connective tissue and inflammatory cells.

The term "pyogenic" is somewhat misleading because these lesions are not actually associated with pus or infection, although they can become secondarily infected. The name may have originated from the initial mistaken belief that these lesions were caused by a bacterial infection.

Pyogenic granulomas can occur at any age but are most common in children and young adults. They can be caused by minor trauma, hormonal changes, or underlying medical conditions such as pregnancy or vasculitis. Treatment typically involves surgical excision, although other options such as laser surgery or cauterization may also be used.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a term used in pathology to describe a specific type of inflammatory lesion that is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, and the formation of granulomas. A granuloma is a small nodular structure formed by the accumulation of immune cells, typically including macrophages, lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells.

Eosinophilic granulomas can occur in various organs of the body, but they are most commonly found in the lungs, skin, and bones. In the lungs, eosinophilic granulomas are often associated with hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled antigens, such as dust mites or fungal spores. They can also be seen in association with certain diseases, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, an uncommon disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of immune cell called Langerhans cells.

The symptoms of eosinophilic granuloma depend on the location and extent of the lesion. In the lungs, eosinophilic granulomas may cause cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath. In the skin, they may present as nodules, plaques, or ulcers. In the bones, they can cause pain, swelling, and fractures.

The diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma is typically made based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. Treatment may include avoidance of known antigens, corticosteroids, or other immunosuppressive medications, depending on the severity and location of the lesion.

Penetrating eye injuries are a type of ocular trauma where a foreign object or substance pierces the outer layers of the eye and damages the internal structures. This can result in serious harm to various parts of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, or retina, and may potentially cause vision loss or blindness if not promptly treated.

The severity of a penetrating eye injury depends on several factors, including the type and size of the object that caused the injury, the location of the wound, and the extent of damage to the internal structures. Common causes of penetrating eye injuries include sharp objects, such as metal shards or glass fragments, projectiles, such as pellets or bullets, and explosive materials.

Symptoms of a penetrating eye injury may include pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, floaters, or the presence of a foreign body in the eye. If you suspect that you have sustained a penetrating eye injury, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or other healthcare professional with experience in treating eye trauma.

Treatment for penetrating eye injuries may include removing any foreign objects or substances from the eye, repairing damaged tissues, and administering medications to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the injury and restore vision. Preventing eye injuries is crucial, and appropriate protective eyewear should be worn when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye trauma.

Giant cells, foreign-body, are a type of large multinucleated immune cell that forms in response to the presence of a foreign material or object in the body. These cells are formed when several individual immune cells, such as macrophages, fuse together around the foreign material in an attempt to engulf and destroy it. The resulting giant cell is characterized by its large size and the presence of multiple nuclei. Foreign-body giant cells are commonly seen in chronic inflammatory reactions to materials such as surgical implants, sutures, or other types of foreign bodies that cannot be eliminated by the immune system.

Foreign-body migration is a medical condition that occurs when a foreign object, such as a surgical implant, tissue graft, or trauma-induced fragment, moves from its original position within the body to a different location. This displacement can cause various complications and symptoms depending on the type of foreign body, the location it migrated to, and the individual's specific physiological response.

Foreign-body migration may result from insufficient fixation or anchoring of the object during implantation, inadequate wound healing, infection, or an inflammatory reaction. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, or infection at the new location, as well as potential damage to surrounding tissues and organs. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to locate the foreign body, followed by a surgical procedure to remove it and address any resulting complications.

A granuloma in the respiratory tract refers to a small nodular lesion that forms in the lung tissue due to an ongoing immune response. It is typically composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells that cluster together around a foreign substance or organism that the body cannot eliminate.

Granulomas can form in response to various stimuli, including infectious agents such as mycobacteria (tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria), fungi, and parasites, as well as non-infectious causes like inhaled particles (e.g., silica, beryllium) or autoimmune diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis).

These lesions can cause damage to the lung tissue over time, leading to symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies like chest X-rays or CT scans, followed by biopsy and microscopic examination to confirm the presence of granulomas and identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, corticosteroids, or other immunosuppressive medications.

Granuloma annulare is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by the formation of small, red or flesh-colored bumps that form rings or arcs. These lesions are usually found on the hands and feet but can occur anywhere on the body. The exact cause of granuloma annulare is unknown, but it may be associated with triggers such as insect bites, viral infections, sun exposure, or certain medications.

Histologically, granuloma annulare is characterized by a specific type of inflammatory cell infiltrate, consisting of histiocytes (a type of white blood cell) arranged in palisades around the edges of small collections of mucin (a glycoprotein). This distinctive pattern helps to differentiate granuloma annulare from other skin conditions.

Granuloma annulare is generally a benign condition that does not cause any symptoms or complications, although some people may experience itching or discomfort in the affected areas. In most cases, the lesions will resolve on their own within a few months to two years, although they can recur in some individuals. Treatment options for granuloma annulare include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, and intralesional steroid injections, although observation is also a reasonable approach in many cases.

A giant cell granuloma is a type of non-cancerous (benign) lesion characterized by the presence of large collections of immune cells called macrophages, which have fused together to form multinucleated giant cells. These lesions can occur in various tissues throughout the body but are most commonly found in the oral cavity and jawbone.

Giant cell granulomas can be further classified into two types: central (or bone) giant cell granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Central giant cell granulomas arise from the bone, while peripheral giant cell granulomas occur in the soft tissues of the gingiva or mouth lining.

Central giant cell granulomas are more aggressive than peripheral ones and can cause significant bone destruction if left untreated. They typically affect younger individuals, with a higher prevalence in females than males. The exact cause of central giant cell granulomas is not well understood but may be associated with local trauma, hormonal imbalances, or genetic factors.

Peripheral giant cell granulomas are less aggressive and usually present as painless, slow-growing nodules on the gums. They typically affect adults, with a higher prevalence in females than males. Peripheral giant cell granulomas may be associated with local irritants such as plaque, calculus, or dental restorations.

Treatment for giant cell granulomas depends on their size, location, and aggressiveness. Surgical excision is the most common treatment approach, but other options such as curettage, corticosteroid injections, or medication therapy may also be considered. Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor for recurrence.

Penetrating wounds are a type of traumatic injury that occurs when an object pierces through the skin and underlying tissues, creating a hole or cavity in the body. These wounds can vary in severity, depending on the size and shape of the object, as well as the location and depth of the wound.

Penetrating wounds are typically caused by sharp objects such as knives, bullets, or glass. They can damage internal organs, blood vessels, nerves, and bones, leading to serious complications such as bleeding, infection, organ failure, and even death if not treated promptly and properly.

The management of penetrating wounds involves a thorough assessment of the wound and surrounding tissues, as well as the identification and treatment of any associated injuries or complications. This may include wound cleaning and closure, antibiotics to prevent infection, pain management, and surgery to repair damaged structures. In some cases, hospitalization and close monitoring may be necessary to ensure proper healing and recovery.

Granuloma inguinale, also known as donovanosis, is a chronic bacterial infection that primarily affects the genital area, although it can spread to other parts of the body. It is caused by the bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis). The infection results in painless, progressive ulcerative lesions that bleed easily and may cause significant scarring if left untreated.

The medical definition of Granuloma inguinale is:

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the intracellular bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly Calymmatobacterium granulomatis). The infection typically presents as painless, beefy-red, granulomatous ulcers or nodules in the genital, inguinal, and perianal regions. The lesions may bleed easily and can cause significant scarring if left untreated. Granuloma inguinale is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, such as parts of India, Papua New Guinea, central Australia, southern Africa, and the Caribbean. Diagnosis is typically made by identifying Donovan bodies (intracellular bacterial inclusions) in tissue smears or biopsy specimens. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as azithromycin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin for several weeks to ensure complete eradication of the infection.

Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the inside of the airways and lungs with a flexible or rigid tube called a bronchoscope. This procedure allows healthcare professionals to directly visualize the airways, take tissue samples for biopsy, and remove foreign objects or secretions. Bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose and manage various respiratory conditions such as lung infections, inflammation, cancer, and bleeding. It is usually performed under local or general anesthesia to minimize discomfort and risks associated with the procedure.

In medical terms, the orbit refers to the bony cavity or socket in the skull that contains and protects the eye (eyeball) and its associated structures, including muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and the lacrimal gland. The orbit is made up of several bones: the frontal bone, sphenoid bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla bone, and palatine bone. These bones form a pyramid-like shape that provides protection for the eye while also allowing for a range of movements.

Respiratory aspiration is defined as the entry of foreign materials (such as food, liquids, or vomit) into the lower respiratory tract during swallowing, which includes the trachea and lungs. This can lead to respiratory complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or lung abscesses. Aspiration can occur in individuals with impaired swallowing function due to various conditions like neurological disorders, stroke, or anesthesia.

A periapical granuloma is a type of dental lesion that occurs at the root tip of a tooth (the apical region) in response to an infection in the pulp tissue. It is a collection of inflammatory cells, mainly composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes, within the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The granuloma forms as a result of the body's attempt to contain the spread of infection from the pulp into the surrounding tissues.

The primary cause of periapical granulomas is untreated dental caries or tooth trauma, which allows bacteria to invade the pulp chamber and eventually reach the apical region. The resulting inflammation can lead to bone resorption and the formation of a radiolucent area around the apex of the affected tooth, visible on a dental radiograph.

Periapical granulomas may not always cause noticeable symptoms, but some patients might experience pain, swelling, or sensitivity in the affected tooth. Treatment typically involves root canal therapy to remove the infected pulp tissue and medicate the canals, followed by a filling or crown to seal and protect the tooth. In some cases, extraction of the tooth may be necessary if the infection is severe or if the tooth cannot be restored.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "numismatics" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Numismatics is the study or collection of coins, tokens, and currency, including their history, design, and cultural significance. It is not a medical concept or diagnosis. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I would be happy to try to help with those instead!

Surgical sponges are absorbent, sterile materials used in medical procedures to soak up bodily fluids and help maintain a clean surgical field. They are typically made from gauze material and come in various sizes and shapes to accommodate different surgical needs. Surgical sponges are carefully counted before and after a procedure to ensure that none are accidentally left inside the patient's body.

A laryngeal granuloma is not a specific medical condition but rather a type of benign growth that can form in the larynx or voice box. It is characterized by the presence of chronic inflammation and an overgrowth of granulation tissue, which is made up of fibrous connective tissue and small blood vessels.

Laryngeal granulomas typically occur at the back of the vocal cords, near the opening of the esophagus. They can cause symptoms such as hoarseness, throat pain or discomfort, coughing, and difficulty swallowing.

The most common causes of laryngeal granulomas are repetitive trauma to the vocal cords, such as from prolonged or forceful voice use, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or inhaled irritants. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as reducing voice use or treating GERD, as well as removing the granuloma through surgery or other medical interventions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wood" is not a medical term. It is a common name for various hard, fibrous tissues that make up the trunks and branches of trees and shrubs, as well as a term used for a wide range of items made from these materials. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Bronchography is a medical imaging technique that involves the injection of a contrast material into the airways (bronchi) of the lungs, followed by X-ray imaging to produce detailed pictures of the bronchial tree. This diagnostic procedure was commonly used in the past to identify abnormalities such as narrowing, blockages, or inflammation in the airways, but it has largely been replaced by newer, less invasive techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans and bronchoscopy.

The process of bronchography involves the following steps:

1. The patient is sedated or given a local anesthetic to minimize discomfort during the procedure.
2. A radiopaque contrast material is introduced into the bronchi through a catheter that is inserted into the trachea, either via a nostril or through a small incision in the neck.
3. Once the contrast material has been distributed throughout the bronchial tree, X-ray images are taken from various angles to capture detailed views of the airways.
4. The images are then analyzed by a radiologist to identify any abnormalities or irregularities in the structure and function of the bronchi.

Although bronchography is considered a relatively safe procedure, it does carry some risks, including allergic reactions to the contrast material, infection, and bleeding. Additionally, the use of ionizing radiation during X-ray imaging should be carefully weighed against the potential benefits of the procedure.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It is located in the midline of the neck and chest, passing through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen and join the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

The esophagus has a few distinct parts: the upper esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the throat), the middle esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (another ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach). The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food and liquids to enter the stomach and then contracts to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

The walls of the esophagus are made up of several layers, including mucosa (a moist tissue that lines the inside of the tube), submucosa (a layer of connective tissue), muscle (both voluntary and involuntary types), and adventitia (an outer layer of connective tissue).

Common conditions affecting the esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal strictures, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Parasitic liver diseases refer to conditions caused by protozoa or helminths (parasitic worms) that infect and damage the liver. These parasites can enter the body through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected host. Some examples of parasitic liver diseases include:

1. Ascariasis: Caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, which can infect the liver and bile ducts, leading to inflammation, obstruction, and abscess formation.
2. Echinococcosis (Hydatid disease): A rare but serious condition caused by the larval stage of tapeworms from the genus Echinococcus. The liver is the most commonly affected organ, with cysts forming in the liver parenchyma that can grow slowly over several years and cause complications such as rupture or secondary bacterial infection.
3. Fascioliasis: A foodborne trematode (fluke) infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica, which affects the liver and bile ducts. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
4. Leishmaniasis: A protozoan infection caused by Leishmania spp., which can affect various organs, including the liver. Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is the most severe form of the disease, characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, fever, and anemia.
5. Toxoplasmosis: A protozoan infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can affect the liver and other organs. While most immunocompetent individuals remain asymptomatic or experience mild flu-like symptoms, immunocompromised patients are at risk of severe liver damage and disseminated disease.
6. Schistosomiasis: A trematode (fluke) infection caused by Schistosoma spp., which affects the liver and portal venous system. The parasites lay eggs in the liver, causing granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis, and portal hypertension.
7. Fasciolopsiasis: A trematode (fluke) infection caused by Fasciolopsis buski, which affects the small intestine and liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
8. Paragonimiasis: A trematode (lung fluke) infection caused by Paragonimus spp., which can affect the lungs, brain, and other organs, including the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
9. Clonorchiasis: A trematode (liver fluke) infection caused by Clonorchis sinensis, which affects the bile ducts and liver. The parasites lay eggs in the bile ducts, causing inflammation, cholangitis, and cholangiocarcinoma.
10. Opisthorchiasis: A trematode (liver fluke) infection caused by Opisthorchis spp., which affects the bile ducts and liver. The parasites lay eggs in the bile ducts, causing inflammation, cholangitis, and cholangiocarcinoma.
11. Heterophyiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Heterophyes spp., which affects the small intestine and liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
12. Metagonimiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Metagonimus spp., which affects the small intestine and liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
13. Echinostomiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Echinostoma spp., which affects the small intestine and liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
14. Gastrodiscoidiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Gastrodiscoides spp., which affects the large intestine and liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
15. Fascioliasis: A trematode (liver fluke) infection caused by Fasciola spp., which affects the liver and bile ducts. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
16. Paragonimiasis: A trematode (lung fluke) infection caused by Paragonimus spp., which affects the lungs and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
17. Schistosomiasis: A trematode (blood fluke) infection caused by Schistosoma spp., which affects the blood vessels and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
18. Clonorchiasis: A trematode (liver fluke) infection caused by Clonorchis sinensis, which affects the liver and bile ducts. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
19. Opisthorchiasis: A trematode (liver fluke) infection caused by Opisthorchis spp., which affects the liver and bile ducts. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
20. Metagonimiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Metagonimus spp., which affects the small intestine and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
21. Heterophyesiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Heterophyes spp., which affects the small intestine and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
22. Echinostomiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Echinostoma spp., which affects the small intestine and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
23. Fasciolopsiasis: A trematode (intestinal fluke) infection caused by Fasciolopsis buski, which affects the small intestine and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
24. Paragonimiasis: A trematode (lung fluke) infection caused by Paragonimus spp., which affects the lungs and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
25. Spirometra mansoni: A trematode (tapeworm) infection caused by Spirometra mansoni, which affects the brain and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
26. Taenia solium: A trematode (tapeworm) infection caused by Taenia solium, which affects the brain and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
27. Hymenolepis nana: A trematode (tapeworm) infection caused by Hymenolepis nana, which affects the small intestine and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
28. Diphyllobothrium latum: A trematode (tapeworm) infection caused by Diphyllobothrium latum, which affects the small intestine and sometimes the liver. The larvae migrate through the liver tissue, causing inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis.
29. Echinococcus granulosus:

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode flatworm Schistosoma mansoni. The disease cycle begins when human hosts come into contact with fresh water contaminated with the parasite's larvae, called cercariae, which are released from infected snail intermediate hosts.

Once the cercariae penetrate the skin of a human host, they transform into schistosomula and migrate through various tissues before reaching the hepatic portal system. Here, the parasites mature into adult worms, mate, and produce eggs that can cause inflammation and damage to the intestinal wall, liver, spleen, and other organs.

Symptoms of schistosomiasis mansoni may include fever, chills, cough, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and blood in stool or urine. Chronic infection can lead to severe complications such as fibrosis of the liver, kidney damage, bladder cancer, and neurological disorders.

Preventive measures include avoiding contact with contaminated water sources, proper sanitation, and access to safe drinking water. Treatment typically involves administering a single dose of the drug praziquantel, which is effective in eliminating the adult worms and reducing egg production. However, it does not prevent reinfection.

Inhalation is the act or process of breathing in where air or other gases are drawn into the lungs. It's also known as inspiration. This process involves several muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles between the ribs, working together to expand the chest cavity and decrease the pressure within the thorax, which then causes air to flow into the lungs.

In a medical context, inhalation can also refer to the administration of medications or therapeutic gases through the respiratory tract, typically using an inhaler or nebulizer. This route of administration allows for direct delivery of the medication to the lungs, where it can be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and exert its effects.

The maxillary sinuses, also known as the antrums of Highmore, are the largest of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses located in the maxilla bones. They are air-filled cavities that surround the nasolacrimal duct and are situated superior to the upper teeth and lateral to the nasal cavity. Each maxillary sinus is lined with a mucous membrane, which helps to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. Inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses can result in conditions such as sinusitis, leading to symptoms like facial pain, headaches, and nasal congestion.

Penetrating head injuries are a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. This can result in damage to specific areas of the brain, depending on the location and trajectory of the penetrating object. Penetrating head injuries can be caused by various objects, such as bullets, knives, or sharp debris from accidents. They are often severe and require immediate medical attention, as they can lead to significant neurological deficits, disability, or even death.

A bronchoscope is a medical device that is used to examine the airways and lungs. It is a long, thin, flexible tube that is equipped with a light and a camera at its tip. The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat, allowing the doctor to visualize the trachea, bronchi, and smaller branches of the airway system.

Bronchoscopes can be used for diagnostic purposes, such as to take tissue samples (biopsies) or to investigate the cause of symptoms like coughing up blood or difficulty breathing. They can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as to remove foreign objects from the airways or to place stents to keep them open.

There are several types of bronchoscopes, including flexible bronchoscopes and rigid bronchoscopes. Flexible bronchoscopes are more commonly used because they are less invasive and can be used to examine smaller airways. Rigid bronchoscopes, on the other hand, are larger and stiffer, and are typically used for more complex procedures or in emergency situations.

It is important to note that the use of bronchoscopes requires specialized training and should only be performed by healthcare professionals with the appropriate expertise.

Masturbation is the self-stimulation of the genitals to achieve sexual pleasure or orgasm. It's a normal and healthy sexual behavior that is commonly practiced by people of all ages, gender identities, and sexual orientations. Masturbation is generally considered safe and has few, if any, negative physical side effects.

It's important to note that masturbation is a personal choice, and individuals should feel comfortable and unpressured in their decision to engage in this behavior or not. Some people may choose not to masturbate due to personal, cultural, or religious beliefs, while others may find it to be a valuable way to explore their bodies, learn about their sexual responses, and relieve sexual tension.

If you have any concerns or questions about masturbation, it's always a good idea to speak with a healthcare provider who can provide you with accurate information and address any concerns you may have.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

The pharynx is a part of the digestive and respiratory systems that serves as a conduit for food and air. It is a musculo-membranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

The pharynx has three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx is the uppermost region, which lies above the soft palate and is connected to the nasal cavity. The oropharynx is the middle region, which includes the area between the soft palate and the hyoid bone, including the tonsils and base of the tongue. The laryngopharynx is the lowest region, which lies below the hyoid bone and connects to the larynx.

The primary function of the pharynx is to convey food from the oral cavity to the esophagus during swallowing and to allow air to pass from the nasal cavity to the larynx during breathing. It also plays a role in speech, taste, and immune defense.

Esophagoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This procedure is typically carried out using an esophagogastroduodenoscope (EGD), a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end.

During the procedure, the EGD is inserted through the mouth and down the throat into the esophagus, allowing the medical professional to examine its lining for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. The procedure may also involve taking tissue samples (biopsies) for further examination and testing.

Esophagoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, and other disorders affecting the esophagus. It may also be used to treat certain conditions, such as removing polyps or foreign objects from the esophagus.

A tuberculoma is a granulomatous lesion in the brain caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically consists of caseating necrosis surrounded by a layer of epithelioid histiocytes, Langhans' giant cells, and lymphocytes. Tuberculomas can be single or multiple and may cause various neurological symptoms depending on their size and location. They are often associated with tuberculous meningitis but can also occur in immunocompromised individuals without obvious systemic infection.

Airway obstruction is a medical condition that occurs when the normal flow of air into and out of the lungs is partially or completely blocked. This blockage can be caused by a variety of factors, including swelling of the tissues in the airway, the presence of foreign objects or substances, or abnormal growths such as tumors.

When the airway becomes obstructed, it can make it difficult for a person to breathe normally. They may experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. In severe cases, airway obstruction can lead to respiratory failure and other life-threatening complications.

There are several types of airway obstruction, including:

1. Upper airway obstruction: This occurs when the blockage is located in the upper part of the airway, such as the nose, throat, or voice box.
2. Lower airway obstruction: This occurs when the blockage is located in the lower part of the airway, such as the trachea or bronchi.
3. Partial airway obstruction: This occurs when the airway is partially blocked, allowing some air to flow in and out of the lungs.
4. Complete airway obstruction: This occurs when the airway is completely blocked, preventing any air from flowing into or out of the lungs.

Treatment for airway obstruction depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In some cases, removing the obstruction may be as simple as clearing the airway of foreign objects or mucus. In other cases, more invasive treatments such as surgery may be necessary.

Esophageal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This condition can occur as a result of various factors such as trauma, forceful vomiting (Boerhaave's syndrome), swallowing sharp objects, or complications from medical procedures like endoscopy.

Esophageal perforation is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as mediastinitis (inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart), sepsis, and even death. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the perforation, antibiotics to prevent infection, and supportive care to manage any associated symptoms or complications.

Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.

Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.

Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

A nose, in a medical context, refers to the external part of the human body that is located on the face and serves as the primary organ for the sense of smell. It is composed of bone and cartilage, with a thin layer of skin covering it. The nose also contains nasal passages that are lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs known as cilia. These structures help to filter, warm, and moisturize the air we breathe in before it reaches our lungs. Additionally, the nose plays an essential role in the process of verbal communication by shaping the sounds we make when we speak.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disorder characterized by the formation of granulomas (small clumps of inflammatory cells) in various organs, most commonly the lungs and lymphatic system. These granulomas can impair the function of the affected organ(s), leading to a variety of symptoms. The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it's thought to be an overactive immune response to an unknown antigen, possibly triggered by an infection, chemical exposure, or another environmental factor.

The diagnosis of sarcoidosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays and CT scans), and laboratory tests (including blood tests and biopsies). While there is no cure for sarcoidosis, treatment may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Corticosteroids are often used to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation, while other medications may be prescribed to treat specific organ involvement or symptoms. In some cases, sarcoidosis may resolve on its own without any treatment.

Intestinal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the lining of the intestine. This can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or stomach. Intestinal perforation allows the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes and bacteria, to leak into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a serious inflammatory response known as peritonitis.

Intestinal perforation can be caused by various factors, including:

* Mechanical trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
* Diverticulitis
* Appendicitis
* Intestinal obstruction
* Infections (e.g., typhoid fever, tuberculosis)
* Certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids)
* Radiation therapy
* Ischemic bowel disease (lack of blood flow to the intestines)

Symptoms of intestinal perforation may include sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and remove any damaged tissue. Antibiotics are also administered to prevent infection. In severe cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary.

"Schistosoma mansoni" is a specific species of parasitic flatworm, also known as a blood fluke, that causes the disease schistosomiasis (also known as snail fever). This trematode has a complex life cycle involving both freshwater snails and humans. The adult worms live in the blood vessels of the human host, particularly in the venous plexus of the intestines, where they lay eggs that are excreted through feces. These eggs can hatch in fresh water and infect specific snail species, which then release a free-swimming form called cercariae. These cercariae can penetrate the skin of humans who come into contact with infested water, leading to infection and subsequent health complications if left untreated.

The medical definition of "Schistosoma mansoni" is: A species of trematode parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis in humans through its complex life cycle involving freshwater snails as an intermediate host. Adult worms reside in the blood vessels of the human host, particularly those surrounding the intestines, and release eggs that are excreted through feces. Infection occurs when cercariae, released by infected snails, penetrate human skin during contact with infested water.

Gunshot wounds are defined as traumatic injuries caused by the penetration of bullets or other projectiles fired from firearms into the body. The severity and extent of damage depend on various factors such as the type of firearm used, the distance between the muzzle and the victim, the size and shape of the bullet, and its velocity.

Gunshot wounds can be classified into two main categories:

1. Penetrating gunshot wounds: These occur when a bullet enters the body but does not exit, causing damage to the organs, tissues, and blood vessels along its path.

2. Perforating gunshot wounds: These happen when a bullet enters and exits the body, creating an entry and exit wound, causing damage to the structures it traverses.

Based on the mechanism of injury, gunshot wounds can also be categorized into low-velocity (less than 1000 feet per second) and high-velocity (greater than 1000 feet per second) injuries. High-velocity gunshot wounds are more likely to cause extensive tissue damage due to the transfer of kinetic energy from the bullet to the surrounding tissues.

Immediate medical attention is required for individuals with gunshot wounds, as they may experience significant blood loss, infection, and potential long-term complications such as organ dysfunction or disability. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to control bleeding, remove foreign material, repair damaged structures, and manage infections if present.

The ear is the sensory organ responsible for hearing and maintaining balance. It can be divided into three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna (the visible part of the ear) and the external auditory canal, which directs sound waves toward the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones called ossicles that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, and the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance.

"Bronchi" are a pair of airways in the respiratory system that branch off from the trachea (windpipe) and lead to the lungs. They are responsible for delivering oxygen-rich air to the lungs and removing carbon dioxide during exhalation. The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left, and they further divide into smaller branches called bronchioles within the lungs. Any abnormalities or diseases affecting the bronchi can impact lung function and overall respiratory health.

Siderosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of iron in various tissues and organs, most commonly in the lungs. This occurs due to the repeated inhalation of iron-containing dusts or fumes, which can result from certain industrial processes such as welding, mining, or smelting.

In the lungs, this iron deposit can lead to inflammation and fibrosis, potentially causing symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, and decreased lung function. It is important to note that siderosis itself is not contagious or cancerous, but there may be an increased risk for lung cancer in individuals with severe and prolonged exposure to iron-containing particles.

While siderosis is generally non-reversible, the progression of symptoms can often be managed through medical interventions and environmental modifications to reduce further exposure to iron-containing dusts or fumes.

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a complex structure in the neck that plays a crucial role in protection of the lower respiratory tract and in phonation. It is composed of cartilaginous, muscular, and soft tissue structures. The primary functions of the larynx include:

1. Airway protection: During swallowing, the larynx moves upward and forward to close the opening of the trachea (the glottis) and prevent food or liquids from entering the lungs. This action is known as the swallowing reflex.
2. Phonation: The vocal cords within the larynx vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound that forms the basis of human speech and voice production.
3. Respiration: The larynx serves as a conduit for airflow between the upper and lower respiratory tracts during breathing.

The larynx is located at the level of the C3-C6 vertebrae in the neck, just above the trachea. It consists of several important structures:

1. Cartilages: The laryngeal cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages, as well as the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. These form a framework for the larynx and provide attachment points for various muscles.
2. Vocal cords: The vocal cords are thin bands of mucous membrane that stretch across the glottis (the opening between the arytenoid cartilages). They vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound.
3. Muscles: There are several intrinsic and extrinsic muscles associated with the larynx. The intrinsic muscles control the tension and position of the vocal cords, while the extrinsic muscles adjust the position and movement of the larynx within the neck.
4. Nerves: The larynx is innervated by both sensory and motor nerves. The recurrent laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except for one muscle called the cricothyroid, which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Sensory innervation is provided by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

The larynx plays a crucial role in several essential functions, including breathing, speaking, and protecting the airway during swallowing. Dysfunction or damage to the larynx can result in various symptoms, such as hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, or stridor (a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration).

Cystotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision into the urinary bladder. This type of surgery may be performed for various reasons, such as to remove bladder stones, to take a biopsy of the bladder tissue, or to repair damage to the bladder.

During a cystotomy, a veterinarian or surgeon makes an incision in the bladder and then carefully inspects the interior of the organ. Any abnormalities, such as bladder stones or tumors, can be removed during the procedure. The incision is then closed with sutures or staples.

Cystotomy is typically performed under general anesthesia, and patients will need to recover in a veterinary hospital or surgical center for several days following the procedure. During recovery, they may require pain medication and antibiotics to prevent infection. It's important to follow all post-operative instructions carefully to ensure proper healing.

Silicones are not a medical term, but they are commonly used in the medical field, particularly in medical devices and healthcare products. Silicones are synthetic polymers made up of repeating units of siloxane, which is a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms. They can exist in various forms such as oils, gels, rubbers, and resins.

In the medical context, silicones are often used for their unique properties, including:

1. Biocompatibility - Silicones have a low risk of causing an adverse reaction when they come into contact with living tissue.
2. Inertness - They do not react chemically with other substances, making them suitable for use in medical devices that need to remain stable over time.
3. Temperature resistance - Silicones can maintain their flexibility and elasticity even under extreme temperature conditions.
4. Gas permeability - Some silicone materials allow gases like oxygen and water vapor to pass through, which is useful in applications where maintaining a moist environment is essential.
5. Durability - Silicones have excellent resistance to aging, weathering, and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance.

Examples of medical applications for silicones include:

1. Breast implants
2. Contact lenses
3. Catheters
4. Artificial joints and tendons
5. Bandages and wound dressings
6. Drug delivery systems
7. Medical adhesives
8. Infant care products (nipples, pacifiers)

Cosmetic techniques refer to medical or surgical procedures that are performed with the primary goal of improving the appearance or aesthetics of an individual. These techniques can be non-invasive, minimally invasive, or surgical in nature and may involve various treatments such as:

1. Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections: used to reduce wrinkles and fine lines by temporarily paralyzing the underlying muscles.
2. Dermal fillers: injected beneath the skin to add volume, smooth out wrinkles, and enhance facial features.
3. Chemical peels: a chemical solution is applied to the skin to remove damaged outer layers, revealing smoother, more even-toned skin.
4. Microdermabrasion: a minimally abrasive procedure that uses fine crystals or diamond tips to exfoliate and remove dead skin cells, resulting in a refreshed appearance.
5. Laser resurfacing: using laser technology to improve the texture, tone, and overall appearance of the skin by removing damaged layers and stimulating collagen production.
6. Micro-needling: a minimally invasive treatment that involves puncturing the skin with fine needles to promote collagen production and skin rejuvenation.
7. Facelift surgery (rhytidectomy): a surgical procedure that tightens loose or sagging skin on the face and neck, restoring a more youthful appearance.
8. Blepharoplasty: cosmetic eyelid surgery that removes excess fat, muscle, and skin from the upper and/or lower eyelids to improve the appearance of tired or aging eyes.
9. Rhinoplasty: nose reshaping surgery that can correct various aesthetic concerns such as a bulbous tip, crooked bridge, or wide nostrils.
10. Breast augmentation: surgical enhancement of the breasts using implants or fat transfer to increase size, improve symmetry, or restore volume lost due to aging, pregnancy, or weight loss.
11. Liposuction: a surgical procedure that removes excess fat from various areas of the body, such as the abdomen, hips, thighs, and arms, to contour and shape the body.

These cosmetic techniques aim to enhance an individual's appearance, boost self-confidence, and help them feel more comfortable in their own skin.

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

In the context of medicine, "needles" are thin, sharp, and typically hollow instruments used in various medical procedures to introduce or remove fluids from the body, administer medications, or perform diagnostic tests. They consist of a small-gauge metal tube with a sharp point on one end and a hub on the other, where a syringe is attached.

There are different types of needles, including:

1. Hypodermic needles: These are used for injections, such as intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), or intravenous (IV) injections, to deliver medications directly into the body. They come in various sizes and lengths depending on the type of injection and the patient's age and weight.
2. Blood collection needles: These are used for drawing blood samples for diagnostic tests. They have a special vacuum-assisted design that allows them to easily penetrate veins and collect the required amount of blood.
3. Surgical needles: These are used in surgeries for suturing (stitching) wounds or tissues together. They are typically curved and made from stainless steel, with a triangular or reverse cutting point to facilitate easy penetration through tissues.
4. Acupuncture needles: These are thin, solid needles used in traditional Chinese medicine for acupuncture therapy. They are inserted into specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow and promote healing.

It is essential to follow proper infection control procedures when handling and disposing of needles to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens and infectious diseases.

Lung diseases refer to a broad category of disorders that affect the lungs and other structures within the respiratory system. These diseases can impair lung function, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and wheezing. They can be categorized into several types based on the underlying cause and nature of the disease process. Some common examples include:

1. Obstructive lung diseases: These are characterized by narrowing or blockage of the airways, making it difficult to breathe out. Examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis.
2. Restrictive lung diseases: These involve stiffening or scarring of the lungs, which reduces their ability to expand and take in air. Examples include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and asbestosis.
3. Infectious lung diseases: These are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that infect the lungs. Examples include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and influenza.
4. Vascular lung diseases: These affect the blood vessels in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange. Examples include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).
5. Neoplastic lung diseases: These involve abnormal growth of cells within the lungs, leading to cancer. Examples include small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
6. Other lung diseases: These include interstitial lung diseases, pleural effusions, and rare disorders such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and there are many other conditions that can affect the lungs. Proper diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases require consultation with a healthcare professional, such as a pulmonologist or respiratory therapist.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Glass" is not a medical term. Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has various uses in everyday life, including medical devices and equipment. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, please provide them, and I'll be happy to help.

Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:

1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.

"Mycobacterium marinum" is a slow-growing, gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). It is commonly found in fresh and saltwater environments, including aquariums and swimming pools. This pathogen can cause skin infections, known as swimmer's granuloma or fish tank granuloma, in individuals who have exposure to contaminated water. The infection typically occurs through minor cuts or abrasions on the skin, leading to a localized, chronic, and slowly progressive lesion. In some cases, disseminated infection can occur in people with weakened immune systems.

References:
1. Chan, R. C., & Cohen, S. M. (2017). Nontuberculous mycobacterial skin infections. Clinics in dermatology, 35(4), 416-423.
2. Kohler, P., Bloch, A., & Pfyffer, G. E. (2002). Nontuberculous mycobacteria: an overview. Swiss medical weekly, 132(35-36), 548-557.
3. Sanguinetti, M., & Bloch, S. A. (2019). Mycobacterium marinum skin infection. American journal of clinical dermatology, 20(2), 219-226.

Deglutition is the medical term for swallowing. It refers to the process by which food or liquid is transferred from the mouth to the stomach through a series of coordinated muscle movements and neural responses. The deglutition process involves several stages, including oral preparatory, oral transit, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases, each of which plays a critical role in ensuring safe and efficient swallowing.

Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty with swallowing, which can result from various underlying conditions such as neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, or muscular weakness. Proper evaluation and management of deglutition disorders are essential to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration.

Sarcoidosis, pulmonary is a specific form of sarcoidosis, which is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas (small clusters of immune cells) in one or more organs. In pulmonary sarcoidosis, these granulomas primarily affect the lungs, but can also involve the lymph nodes within the chest. The condition is often asymptomatic, but some individuals may experience symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Pulmonary sarcoidosis can lead to complications like pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of lung tissue) and chronic interstitial lung disease, which can impact lung function and quality of life. The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response triggered by exposure to certain antigens, such as environmental particles or infectious agents.

Experimental implants refer to medical devices that are not yet approved by regulatory authorities for general use in medical practice. These are typically being tested in clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. The purpose of experimental implants is to determine whether they can be used as a viable treatment option for various medical conditions. They may include, but are not limited to, devices such as artificial joints, heart valves, or spinal cord stimulators that are still in the developmental or testing stage. Participation in clinical trials involving experimental implants is voluntary and usually requires informed consent from the patient.

A bezoar is a mass trapped in the gastrointestinal tract, typically in the stomach, that is composed of indigestible materials such as hair, fibers, or food particles. Bezoars can cause various symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and obstruction. They are more commonly found in people with certain conditions such as diabetes, mental health disorders, or those who have had gastric surgery. Treatment may involve medication or endoscopic removal of the bezoar.

"Plastics" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in a broader context, plastics can refer to a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that are used in various medical applications due to their durability, flexibility, and ability to be molded into different shapes. Some examples include:

1. Medical devices such as catheters, implants, and surgical instruments.
2. Packaging for medical supplies and pharmaceuticals.
3. Protective barriers like gloves and gowns used in medical settings.
4. Intraocular lenses and other ophthalmic applications.

It's important to note that the term "plastics" is not a medical term per se, but rather a general category of materials with diverse uses across different industries, including healthcare.

Cystoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end (cystoscope) into the bladder through the urethra. This procedure allows healthcare professionals to examine the lining of the bladder and urethra for any abnormalities such as inflammation, tumors, or stones. Cystoscopy can be used for diagnostic purposes, as well as for therapeutic interventions like removing small bladder tumors or performing biopsies. It is typically performed under local or general anesthesia to minimize discomfort and pain.

In the context of medicine, there is no specific medical definition for 'metals.' However, certain metals have significant roles in biological systems and are thus studied in physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Some metals are essential to life, serving as cofactors for enzymatic reactions, while others are toxic and can cause harm at certain levels.

Examples of essential metals include:

1. Iron (Fe): It is a crucial component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and various enzymes involved in energy production, DNA synthesis, and electron transport.
2. Zinc (Zn): This metal is vital for immune function, wound healing, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis. It acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes.
3. Copper (Cu): Copper is essential for energy production, iron metabolism, antioxidant defense, and connective tissue formation. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes.
4. Magnesium (Mg): Magnesium plays a crucial role in many biochemical reactions, including nerve and muscle function, protein synthesis, and blood pressure regulation.
5. Manganese (Mn): This metal is necessary for bone development, protein metabolism, and antioxidant defense. It acts as a cofactor for several enzymes.
6. Molybdenum (Mo): Molybdenum is essential for the function of certain enzymes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs.
7. Cobalt (Co): Cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, which plays a vital role in DNA synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and nerve function.

Examples of toxic metals include:

1. Lead (Pb): Exposure to lead can cause neurological damage, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and developmental issues.
2. Mercury (Hg): Mercury is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems, kidney damage, and developmental issues.
3. Arsenic (As): Arsenic exposure can lead to skin lesions, cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
4. Cadmium (Cd): Cadmium is toxic and can cause kidney damage, bone demineralization, and lung irritation.
5. Chromium (Cr): Excessive exposure to chromium can lead to skin ulcers, respiratory issues, and kidney and liver damage.

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a parasitic infection caused by several species of the trematode flatworm Schistosoma. The infection occurs when people come into contact with freshwater contaminated with the parasite's larvae, which are released by infected freshwater snails.

The larvae penetrate the skin, enter the bloodstream, and mature into adult worms in the blood vessels of the urinary tract or intestines. The female worms lay eggs, which can cause inflammation and scarring in various organs, including the liver, lungs, and brain.

Symptoms of schistosomiasis may include fever, chills, cough, muscle aches, and diarrhea. In chronic cases, the infection can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage, bladder cancer, and seizures. Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with poor sanitation and lack of access to safe drinking water. It is preventable through improved water supply, sanitation, and snail control measures. Treatment typically involves the use of a medication called praziquantel, which kills the adult worms.

The hypopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx, which is the muscular tube that extends from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and trachea. The hypopharynx lies posterior to the larynx and is divided into three regions: the pyriform (or piriform) sinuses, the postcricoid area, and the posterior pharyngeal wall. It serves as a passageway for both food and air, and any abnormalities or diseases in this region can lead to swallowing difficulties, aspiration, and other serious medical conditions.

Soft tissue injuries refer to damages that occur in the body's connective tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and muscles. These injuries can be caused by various events, including accidents, falls, or sports-related impacts. Common soft tissue injuries include sprains, strains, and contusions (bruises).

Sprains occur when the ligaments, which connect bones to each other, are stretched or torn. This usually happens in the joints like ankles, knees, or wrists. Strains, on the other hand, involve injuries to the muscles or tendons, often resulting from overuse or sudden excessive force. Contusions occur when blood vessels within the soft tissues get damaged due to a direct blow or impact, causing bleeding and subsequent bruising in the affected area.

Soft tissue injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. In some cases, these injuries may require medical treatment, including physical therapy, medication, or even surgery, depending on their severity and location. It is essential to seek proper medical attention for soft tissue injuries to ensure appropriate healing and prevent long-term complications or chronic pain.

Cotton fiber is not a medical term, but I can provide you with some information about cotton fibers in a general context.

Cotton fibers are soft, fluffy staple fibers that grow in a protective case called a boll around the seeds of cotton plants. Cotton fibers are primarily composed of cellulose, which is an organic compound and the main structural component of plant cells. These fibers are typically spun into yarn or thread and used to make a wide variety of textiles, including clothing and other soft goods.

Cotton fibers have some unique properties that make them suitable for medical applications as well:

1. Hypoallergenic: Cotton is generally considered hypoallergenic, meaning it is less likely to cause an allergic reaction compared to other materials. This makes cotton a popular choice for medical bandages, swabs, and other products that come into contact with the skin.
2. Absorbent: Cotton fibers are highly absorbent, which can be useful in medical settings for managing wounds, incontinence, or excessive sweating.
3. Breathable: Cotton is a breathable material, allowing air to pass through and helping to maintain a comfortable body temperature. This property makes cotton an excellent choice for medical garments, bedding, and other products that require good ventilation.
4. Comfortable: Cotton fibers are soft, lightweight, and gentle on the skin, making them a preferred material for medical textiles and clothing designed for people with sensitive skin or medical conditions like eczema or dermatitis.
5. Durable: Although cotton fibers can be delicate when wet, they are relatively strong and durable in dry conditions. This makes cotton an appropriate choice for reusable medical products like gowns, scrubs, and linens.

An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

Parasitic lung diseases refer to conditions caused by infection of the lungs by parasites. These are small organisms that live on or in a host organism and derive their sustenance at the expense of the host. Parasitic lung diseases can be caused by various types of parasites, including helminths (worms) and protozoa.

Examples of parasitic lung diseases include:

1. Pulmonary echinococcosis (hydatid disease): This is a rare infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The larvae form cysts in various organs, including the lungs.
2. Paragonimiasis: This is a food-borne lung fluke infection caused by Paragonimus westermani and other species. Humans become infected by eating raw or undercooked crustaceans (such as crabs or crayfish) that contain the larval stage of the parasite.
3. Toxocariasis: This is a soil-transmitted helminth infection caused by the roundworm Toxocara canis or T. cati, which are found in the intestines of dogs and cats. Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, undercooked meat, or through contact with an infected animal's feces. Although the primary site of infection is the small intestine, larval migration can lead to lung involvement in some cases.
4. Amebic lung disease: This is a rare complication of amebiasis, which is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite usually infects the large intestine, but it can spread to other organs, including the lungs, through the bloodstream.
5. Cryptosporidiosis: This is a waterborne protozoan infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or C. hominis. Although the primary site of infection is the small intestine, immunocompromised individuals can develop disseminated disease, including pulmonary involvement.

Symptoms of parasitic lung diseases vary depending on the specific organism and the severity of infection but may include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and sputum production. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as stool or blood examinations for parasites or their antigens. Treatment depends on the specific organism but may include antiparasitic medications, supportive care, and management of complications.

A "Plasma Cell Granuloma" is a specific type of granulomatous inflammation that is characterized by the presence of numerous plasma cells. Plasma cells are white blood cells that produce antibodies, which are proteins that help the body fight off infections and diseases. In a Plasma Cell Granuloma, there is an excessive accumulation of these cells, leading to the formation of a nodular lesion or mass.

Plasma Cell Granulomas can occur in various organs, including the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity. They are often associated with chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, or malignancies. The exact cause of Plasma Cell Granulomas is not always known, but they may be triggered by infections, foreign bodies, or other stimuli that induce an immune response.

Histologically, a Plasma Cell Granuloma is composed of a central area of plasma cells surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes and macrophages. The lesion may also contain multinucleated giant cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells. Treatment options for Plasma Cell Granulomas depend on the location and extent of the lesion, as well as the underlying cause. Surgical excision is often curative, but medical therapy may be necessary in some cases.

The sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine that forms an "S"-shaped curve before it joins the rectum. It gets its name from its unique shape, which resembles the Greek letter sigma (σ). The main function of the sigmoid colon is to store stool temporarily and assist in the absorption of water and electrolytes from digestive waste before it is eliminated from the body.

Otolaryngology is a specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, management, and treatment of disorders related to the ear, nose, throat (ENT), and head and neck region. It's also known as ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat) specialty. Otolaryngologists are physicians trained in the medical and surgical management of conditions such as hearing and balance disorders, nasal congestion, sinusitis, allergies, sleep apnea, snoring, swallowing difficulties, voice and speech problems, and head and neck tumors.

Pulmonary plasma cell granuloma is a benign lung lesion characterized by the accumulation of plasma cells and the formation of granulomas. It is also known as inflammatory pseudotumor or plasma cell histiocytoma. The etiology of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma remains unclear, but it is thought to be related to a chronic inflammatory response or an abnormal immune reaction.

The lesion typically consists of a mass or nodule in the lung tissue, which may be discovered incidentally on chest imaging. Symptoms, if present, may include cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The diagnosis is usually made by histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen, which shows a mixture of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes, with the formation of granulomas.

Treatment is generally not necessary unless the lesion is causing symptoms or growing in size. In such cases, surgical resection may be recommended. The prognosis is excellent, with a low risk of recurrence after surgical removal.

Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that are an essential part of the immune system. They are large, specialized cells that engulf and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, as well as damaged or dead cells. Macrophages are found throughout the body, including in the bloodstream, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, and connective tissues. They play a critical role in inflammation, immune response, and tissue repair and remodeling.

Macrophages originate from monocytes, which are a type of white blood cell produced in the bone marrow. When monocytes enter the tissues, they differentiate into macrophages, which have a larger size and more specialized functions than monocytes. Macrophages can change their shape and move through tissues to reach sites of infection or injury. They also produce cytokines, chemokines, and other signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response and recruit other immune cells to the site of infection or injury.

Macrophages have a variety of surface receptors that allow them to recognize and respond to different types of foreign substances and signals from other cells. They can engulf and digest foreign particles, bacteria, and viruses through a process called phagocytosis. Macrophages also play a role in presenting antigens to T cells, which are another type of immune cell that helps coordinate the immune response.

Overall, macrophages are crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, defending against infection, and promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Dysregulation of macrophage function has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Epithelioid cells are a type of cell that can be found in certain types of tissue in the body, including connective tissue and some organs. These cells have a characteristic appearance under a microscope, with an enlarged, oval or round shape and a pale, abundant cytoplasm. They may also have a nucleus that is centrally located and has a uniform, rounded shape.

Epithelioid cells are often seen in the context of inflammation or disease, particularly in relation to granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. In these conditions, epithelioid cells can form clusters known as granulomas, which are a hallmark of the diseases. The exact function of epithelioid cells is not fully understood, but they are thought to play a role in the immune response and may help to contain and eliminate foreign substances or pathogens from the body.

Facial dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the face. These can include a wide range of disorders, such as:

1. Acne vulgaris: A common skin condition characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) and inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules. It primarily affects the face, neck, chest, and back.
2. Rosacea: A chronic skin condition that causes redness, flushing, and visible blood vessels on the face, along with bumps or pimples and sometimes eye irritation.
3. Seborrheic dermatitis: A common inflammatory skin disorder that causes a red, itchy, and flaky rash, often on the scalp, face, and eyebrows. It can also affect other oily areas of the body, like the sides of the nose and behind the ears.
4. Atopic dermatitis (eczema): A chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes red, itchy, and scaly patches on the skin. While it can occur anywhere on the body, it frequently affects the face, especially in infants and young children.
5. Psoriasis: An autoimmune disorder that results in thick, scaly, silvery, or red patches on the skin. It can affect any part of the body, including the face.
6. Contact dermatitis: A skin reaction caused by direct contact with an allergen or irritant, resulting in redness, itching, and inflammation. The face can be affected when allergens or irritants come into contact with the skin through cosmetics, skincare products, or other substances.
7. Lupus erythematosus: An autoimmune disorder that can cause a butterfly-shaped rash on the cheeks and nose, along with other symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, and photosensitivity.
8. Perioral dermatitis: A inflammatory skin condition that causes redness, small bumps, and dryness around the mouth, often mistaken for acne. It can also affect the skin around the nose and eyes.
9. Vitiligo: An autoimmune disorder that results in the loss of pigmentation in patches of skin, which can occur on the face and other parts of the body.
10. Tinea faciei: A fungal infection that affects the facial skin, causing red, scaly, or itchy patches. It is also known as ringworm of the face.

These are just a few examples of skin conditions that can affect the face. If you experience any unusual symptoms or changes in your skin, it's essential to consult a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

"Tamarindus" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, it is the genus name for the tamarind tree, which is scientifically known as "Tamarindus indica." The tamarind tree produces fruit that contains seeds surrounded by an edible pulp. This pulp is used in various culinary applications and also has traditional medicinal uses.

In traditional medicine, tamarind is used to treat conditions such as diarrhea, constipation, and inflammation. Some studies suggest that tamarind extract may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health benefits and to determine the appropriate dosages and safety precautions for using tamarind as a medicine.

Blast injuries are traumas that result from the exposure to blast overpressure waves, typically generated by explosions. These injuries can be categorized into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injuries.

1. Primary Blast Injuries: These occur due to the direct effect of the blast wave on the body, which can cause barotrauma to organs with air-filled spaces such as the lungs, middle ear, and gastrointestinal tract. This can lead to conditions like pulmonary contusion, traumatic rupture of the eardrums, or bowel perforation.

2. Secondary Blast Injuries: These result from flying debris or objects that become projectiles due to the blast, which can cause penetrating trauma or blunt force injuries.

3. Tertiary Blast Injuries: These occur when individuals are thrown by the blast wind against solid structures or the ground, resulting in blunt force trauma, fractures, and head injuries.

4. Quaternary Blast Injuries: This category includes all other injuries or illnesses that are not classified under primary, secondary, or tertiary blast injuries. These may include burns, crush injuries, inhalation of toxic fumes, or psychological trauma.

It is important to note that blast injuries can be complex and often involve a combination of these categories, requiring comprehensive medical evaluation and management.

The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube-like structure in the respiratory system that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (the two branches leading to each lung). It is composed of several incomplete rings of cartilage and smooth muscle, which provide support and flexibility. The trachea plays a crucial role in directing incoming air to the lungs during inspiration and outgoing air to the larynx during expiration.

In medical terms, sutures are specialized surgical threads made from various materials such as absorbable synthetic or natural fibers, or non-absorbable materials like nylon or silk. They are used to approximate and hold together the edges of a wound or incision in the skin or other tissues during the healing process. Sutures come in different sizes, types, and shapes, each designed for specific uses and techniques depending on the location and type of tissue being sutured. Properly placed sutures help to promote optimal healing, minimize scarring, and reduce the risk of infection or other complications.

"Device Removal" in a medical context generally refers to the surgical or nonsurgical removal of a medical device that has been previously implanted in a patient's body. The purpose of removing the device may vary, depending on the individual case. Some common reasons for device removal include infection, malfunction, rejection, or when the device is no longer needed.

Examples of medical devices that may require removal include pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), artificial joints, orthopedic hardware, breast implants, cochlear implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs). The procedure for device removal will depend on the type of device, its location in the body, and the reason for its removal.

It is important to note that device removal carries certain risks, such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding tissues, or complications related to anesthesia. Therefore, the decision to remove a medical device should be made carefully, considering both the potential benefits and risks of the procedure.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

Prostheses: Artificial substitutes or replacements for missing body parts, such as limbs, eyes, or teeth. They are designed to restore the function, appearance, or mobility of the lost part. Prosthetic devices can be categorized into several types, including:

1. External prostheses: Devices that are attached to the outside of the body, like artificial arms, legs, hands, and feet. These may be further classified into:
a. Cosmetic or aesthetic prostheses: Primarily designed to improve the appearance of the affected area.
b. Functional prostheses: Designed to help restore the functionality and mobility of the lost limb.
2. Internal prostheses: Implanted artificial parts that replace missing internal organs, bones, or tissues, such as heart valves, hip joints, or intraocular lenses.

Implants: Medical devices or substances that are intentionally placed inside the body to replace or support a missing or damaged biological structure, deliver medication, monitor physiological functions, or enhance bodily functions. Examples of implants include:

1. Orthopedic implants: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged bones, joints, or cartilage, such as knee or hip replacements.
2. Cardiovascular implants: Devices that help support or regulate heart function, like pacemakers, defibrillators, and artificial heart valves.
3. Dental implants: Artificial tooth roots that are placed into the jawbone to support dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
4. Neurological implants: Devices used to stimulate nerves, brain structures, or spinal cord tissues to treat various neurological conditions, like deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease or cochlear implants for hearing loss.
5. Ophthalmic implants: Artificial lenses that are placed inside the eye to replace a damaged or removed natural lens, such as intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery.

A foreign-body granuloma occurs when a foreign body (such as a wood splinter, piece of metal, glass etc.) penetrates the body's ... The plural is granulomas or granulomata. The adjective granulomatous means "characterized by granulomas". Lick granuloma, a ... The resultant granulomas are typically found around the airways (bronchioles), and are often accompanied by foreign body-type, ... The antigen causing the formation of a granuloma is most often an infectious pathogen or a substance foreign to the body, but ...
Schwartzfarb, E. M.; Hametti, J. M.; Romanelli, P; Ricotti, C (2008). "Foreign body granuloma formation secondary to silicone ... 46 Formation of a granuloma is a common tissue response to a range of foreign bodies. Silicone can be directly injected into ... Inn, F. X.; Imran, F. H.; Ali, M. F.; Ih, R; z, Z (2012). "Penile augmentation with resultant foreign material granuloma and ... Symmers, W. S. (1968). "Silicone mastitis in "topless" waitresses and some other varieties of foreign-body mastitis". British ...
Marcoval, Joaquim; Moreno, Abelardo; Maña, Juan (August 2004). "Foreign bodies in cutaneous sarcoidosis: Letter to the Editor ... 703-5 Localized granuloma annulare Generalized granuloma annulare Patch-type granuloma annulare Subcutaneous granuloma annulare ... Granuloma Necrobiosis lipoidica Dennis, Mark; Bowen, William Talbot; Cho, Lucy (2012). "Granuloma annulare". Mechanisms of ... "Granuloma annulare , DermNet NZ". Ghadially, Ruby (15 October 2020). "Granuloma Annulare: Treatment & Management". Medscape. ...
Studies suggest that one possible causative factor is the presence of a foreign body. A foreign body is likely to give off an ... pyogenic granuloma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Histopathological analysis of plasma cell granulomas have been found ... Plasma cell granulomas are generally found to be benign, but in some cases, the granulomas have the ability to initiate ... Since plasma cell granulomas have the ability to occur at any site, even though they are uncommon, it should be included in ...
Mercury granulomas is the result of mercury exposure, a skin condition characterized by foreign-body giant cell reaction.: 46 ... Granuloma Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology ...
Therefore, more common skin conditions, like cellulitis, foreign body reaction, skin cancer, and fungal or parasitic infections ... Aquarium granuloma (also known as fish tank granuloma and swimming pool granuloma) is a rare skin condition caused by a non- ... Swimming pool granuloma can occur when there is inadequate chlorination of swimming pools. Aquarium granuloma is relatively ... Aquarium granuloma presents as a slow-growing, inflamed red bump (nodule or plaque) at the site of infection. It is ...
Foreign bodies indicate a foreign body granuloma. Specific forms of multinucleated giant cells include the Touton giant cell, ...
... has also been known to cause folliculitis in which case it is characterized by fungal element in follicles and foreign body ... A T. rubrum infection may also form a granuloma. Extensive granuloma formations may occur in patients with immune deficiencies ... rubrum infection has been associated with the induction of an id reaction in which an infection in one part of the body induces ...
Foreign body giant cell reaction to nylon suture material Foreign body granuloma Foreign body List of cutaneous conditions ... Foreign body granuloma formation consists of protein adsorption, macrophages, multinucleated foreign body giant cells ( ... A foreign body reaction (FBR) is a typical tissue response to a foreign body within biological tissue. It usually includes the ... Adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells degrade biomaterials and can lead to device failure. Foreign body giant cells ...
... and patients may report mild discomfort associated with the sensation of a rough foreign body lodged in the back of the throat ... However, since granulomas and other vocal cord polyps may take weeks or months to develop, intubation granulomas may sometimes ... Primary treatment for intubation granulomas tends to involve surgical excision of the granuloma. However, single treatment ... resulting in laryngeal granuloma formation in the subglottis of the larynx. Diagnosis of intubation granulomas are achieved ...
Histiocytic infiltration with granulomas to foreign body and follicular cysts are also common. Foreign body granulomas are ... Acne-like lesions and cysts may form at the site due to foreign body reactions, and infections may also occur due to poor ... shifting the chin rest to the center of the body over the tailpiece smoothing coarse surfaces to reduce abrasion for males, ... Fiddler's neck can be differentiated from rosacea and sarcoid reaction with granulomas. The proximal causes of fiddler's neck ...
Foreign bodies in the peritoneum eventually become contained in a foreign body granuloma. In the extremely rare case of ... Treatment of a foreign body is determined by its severity. The amount of time a foreign body is present, location of the object ... Linear foreign bodies can especially be dangerous. A linear foreign body is usually a length of string or yarn with a larger ... Sometimes the linear foreign body anchors in the mouth by catching under the tongue. Pantyhose is a common linear foreign body ...
Symmers, W. S. (1968). "Silicone mastitis in "topless" waitresses and some other varieties of foreign-body mastitis". British ... El-Charnoubi, W. A.; Foged Henriksen, T; Joergen Elberg, J (2011). "Cutaneous silicone granuloma mimicking breast cancer after ... Some cases are due to silicone injection (Silicone-induced granulomatous inflammation) or other foreign body reactions. ... foreign body reaction and granulomatous reaction in a carcinoma must be excluded. The condition is diagnosed very rarely. As ...
Foreign-body granulomas may be considered an organized collection of macrophages, including mere collections of giant cells ... This cells are central in the formation of granulomas, which are associated with many serious diseases. In granulomas, ... Epithelioid cells are an essential characteristic of epithelioid cell granulomas. Epithelioid cell granuloma can be defined as ... Granulomas try to wall off these organisms and prevent their further growth and spread. Historically widespread and destructive ...
The inflammatory process that creates these cells often leads to a foreign body granuloma. The human body goes through several ... Foreign-body giant cell reaction to a suture. H&E stain. Micrograph showing a foreign body engulfed by a giant cell. H&E stain ... Foreign body giant cells are involved in the foreign body reaction, phagocytosis, and subsequent degradation of biomaterials ... and foreign-body giant cells (FBGCs). The response of the foreign body reaction determines how compatible the implanted ...
In certain cases, the filler results in a granulomatous foreign body reaction. Even though side effects are rare Restylane ... In rare cases there has been reports of lumps or granulomas. These side effects can be easily reversed with a treatment of ...
... a normal inflammatory reaction that forms a nodule around foreign bodies. Granuloma formation and associated symptoms may not ... Spines not dissolved or expelled from the body may eventually be surrounded by a granuloma, ... Granulomas that happen to form near or within tendons, joints, or muscles may obstruct normal function of those structures, ... They are made of calcium carbonate, making them very brittle and easy to break off in the body. Symptoms of the initial injury ...
These coated crystals then persist in tissues as a foreign body granuloma constituting gouty tophus. Gross pathology of a large ... Tophi form in the joints, cartilage, bones, and other places throughout the body. Sometimes, tophi break through the skin and ... or increase uric acid elimination from the body through the kidneys (e.g., probenecid), this can be referred to as refractory ...
... describes a mass within a patient's body comprising a cotton matrix surrounded by a foreign body granuloma. ... resulting in tissue adhesions and encapsulation and eventually foreign body granuloma. Symptoms may not present for long ... Two major types of reaction occur in response to retained surgical foreign bodies. In the first type, an abscess may form with ... The incidence of retained foreign bodies following surgery has a reported rate of 0.01% to 0.001%, of which gossypibomas make ...
Smaller objects that injure the intestinal wall, but do not perforate it, may be encapsulated by a foreign body granuloma. They ... Rectal foreign bodies are a subgroup of foreign bodies in the alimentary tract. If the foreign body is too big to allow feces ... Reasons for foreign rectal bodies vary wildly, but in most cases they are of sexual or criminal motivation. The foreign body ... In this case, the sphincter prevents, by mechanical means, the extraction of the foreign body. The other way for a foreign body ...
Foreign body-type and Touton-type giant cells, calcospherites, cholesterol clefts and hemosiderin deposits are additional ... Bahadori M, Liebow AA (January 1973). "Plasma cell granulomas of the lung". Cancer. 31 (1): 191-208. doi:10.1002/1097-0142( ... Buell R, Wang NS, Seemayer TA, Ahmed MN (July 1976). "Endobronchial plasma cell granuloma (xanthomatous pseudotumor); a light ... Likewise there might be some superimpositions between the XP and the plasma cell granuloma/histiocytoma-inflammatory ...
Other causes of granulomatous inflammation are ruled out, such as sarcoidosis, Crohn disease, allergic or foreign body ... That is, the granulomas do not undergo the caseating ("cheese-like") necrosis typical of the granulomas of tuberculosis. There ... The granulomas in OFG form in the lamina propria, and may form adjacent to or within lymphatic vessels. This is thought to ... The cause of the facial paralysis is thought to be caused by the formation of granulomas in the facial nerve, which supplies ...
An asteroid body is a microscopic finding seen within the giant cells of granulomas in diseases such as sarcoidosis and foreign ... Micrograph of asteroid bodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis. H&E stain. Asteroid body in sarcoidosis. Cain, H; Kraus, B (Dec 1977 ... Asteroid Centriole Schaumann body Granulomatous diseases Sarcoidosis Micrograph of asteroid bodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis. H& ... Cain, H; Kraus, B (1983). "Immunofluorescence microscopic demonstration of vimentin filaments in asteroid bodies of sarcoidosis ...
Sebaceous gland adenoma Sebaceous gland carcinoma Sarcoid granuloma Foreign body granuloma Chalazia will often disappear ...
It may also be caused by bronchial atresia, sequestration, an inhaled foreign body or pleural plaque. Risk factors for ... The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a ... The most common benign coin lesion is a granuloma (inflammatory nodule), for example due to tuberculosis or a fungal infection ...
... granuloma annulare MeSH C23.550.382.437 - granuloma, foreign-body MeSH C23.550.382.468 - granuloma, giant cell MeSH C23.550. ... granuloma, plasma cell MeSH C23.550.382.875.500 - granuloma, plasma cell, orbital MeSH C23.550.382.875.750 - granuloma, plasma ... foreign-body reaction MeSH C23.550.470.448 - neurogenic inflammation MeSH C23.550.470.640 - seroma MeSH C23.550.470.646 - ... granuloma, respiratory tract MeSH C23.550.382.968.500 - granuloma, laryngeal MeSH C23.550.393.225 - failure to thrive MeSH ...
... invasive hyphae invades tissue with inflammation and non-caseating granuloma (with foreign bodies). Saprophytic infection - ... Granuloma "Fungal Sinusitis: Background, History of the Procedure, Problem". eMedicine. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 25 November ...
... an extremely rare infestation of maggots Foreign body in ear Granuloma, a scar usually caused by tympanostomy tubes Otitis ...
The differential diagnosis for a limbal nodule can include: Pinguecula Early Pterygium Foreign body / foreign body granuloma ... Phlycten, an inflamed nodule of lymphoid tissue Episcleritis Scleritis Granuloma Limbal dermoid, a kind of choristoma (NB: in ...
709.01 Vitiligo 709.1 Vascular disorders of skin 709.2 Scar 709.3 Degenerative skin disorders 709.4 Foreign body granuloma of ... 686 Other local infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue 686.0 Pyoderma 686.1 Pyogenic granuloma of skin and subcutaneous ...
Suspected cerebral foreign body granuloma following endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm: imaging features ... Suspected cerebral foreign body granuloma following endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm: imaging features ...
A foreign-body granuloma occurs when a foreign body (such as a wood splinter, piece of metal, glass etc.) penetrates the bodys ... The plural is granulomas or granulomata. The adjective granulomatous means "characterized by granulomas". Lick granuloma, a ... The resultant granulomas are typically found around the airways (bronchioles), and are often accompanied by foreign body-type, ... The antigen causing the formation of a granuloma is most often an infectious pathogen or a substance foreign to the body, but ...
Foreign-Body" by people in this website by year, and whether "Granuloma, Foreign-Body" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Granuloma, Foreign-Body" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Foreign-body granuloma after injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for type III stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. ... in this case foreign-body giant cells (GIANT CELLS, FOREIGN-BODY), usually surrounded by lymphocytes. ...
Contact granulomas are benign lesions usually located on the posterior third of the vocal fold, which corresponds to the vocal ... A rough foreign body sensation Workup for patients with contact granulomas. Workup includes the following:. * Double-pH probe ( ... specific granulomas and nonspecific granulomas. Specific granulomas are rare and include granulomas caused by tuberculosis [1] ... Contact ulcers (or granulomas) historically were thought to be the result of voice abuse or misuse, and the granulomas of ...
Venomous aquatic animals; Traumatic aquatic animals; Echinoderms; Sea urchin; Sea urchin granuloma; Foreign body granulomas ... Keywords: Venomous aquatic animals; Traumatic aquatic animals; Echinoderms; Sea urchin; Sea urchin granuloma; Foreign body ... These fragments can cause infections and foreign body reactions3,4,5,7. Pain and edema can last for a week3,4,5,7. ... The possible mechanism for the granulomatous reactions occurs due to foreign body reactions against the inorganic substances ...
In replyWe appreciate the 2 letters that were written about our article on about granulomas caused by the use of Artecoll. The ... Foreign Body Granulomas Caused by Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres: An Added Perspective-Reply. Eva-Maria Reisberger, MD; ... Reisberger E, Landthaler M, Wiest L, Stolz W. Foreign Body Granulomas Caused by Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres: An Added ... 2 which might also explain why the histopathologic findings were similar to those of the foreign body granulomas that were ...
Ciliary body melanoma (see the image below) is a rare tumor. It is encountered approximately one tenth as often as is choroidal ... Some ciliary body melanomas with diffuse growth patterns can extend around the circumference of the ciliary body for 360°. ... The uvea is subdivided into the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The ciliary body is located between the iris and the ora ... What are the sexual predilections of ciliary body melanoma?. Which age groups have the highest prevalence of ciliary body ...
Ciliary body melanoma (see the image below) is a rare tumor. It is encountered approximately one tenth as often as is choroidal ... Some ciliary body melanomas with diffuse growth patterns can extend around the circumference of the ciliary body for 360°. ... The uvea is subdivided into the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The ciliary body is located between the iris and the ora ... What are the sexual predilections of ciliary body melanoma?. Which age groups have the highest prevalence of ciliary body ...
Can these drugs cause Foreign Body Granulomas formation after pmma injection ?? Can these drugs cause Foreign Body Granulomas ... Can these drugs cause Foreign Body Granulomas formation after pmma injection ?? 11 years 1 month ago #1274609975 ... Can these drugs cause Foreign Body Granulomas formation after pmma injection ?? 11 years 1 month ago #1274621935 ... Can these drugs cause Foreign Body Granulomas formation after pmma injection ?? 11 years 1 month ago #1274628070 ...
Granulomas. These are nodules that may form around material that the body perceives as foreign, such as particles of tattoo ... Note: It is important for parents to distinguish normal body modification from body modification that is more dramatic or ... Teenagers bodies and their skin arent necessarily done growing by age 18. This means that a tattoo one gets at 18 could be ... Thirty-eight states have laws that prohibit both body piercing and tattooing on minors without parental permission. ...
Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body. ... foreign body granulomas, allergenicity, or interference with the control of cell proliferation. ". ... Foreign Body Migration; Foreign-Body Migrations; Migration, Foreign-Body; Migrations, Foreign-Body ... Foreign-Body Migration. Subscribe to New Research on Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original ...
Lets learn how to accept our bodies instead of sparkle-ifying them. ... A granuloma is walled off inflammatory mass produced by tissue in response to a foreign body). They could." Gunter also reminds ... Bodies are gross. We can all agree on that, right? They make mucus and gas and various types of goop that emerge from different ... Everyones body is a little goopy sometimes, and thats just fine. Take a shower and enjoy some sparkle-free sex. ...
Minor problems include ocular surface irritation and a foreign-body reaction. Pyogenic granulomas may develop, requiring ... In most cases, the pyogenic granuloma regresses once the plug is removed, but surgical excision is needed on occasion. More ...
The inclusion of tattoo pigment in granulomas suggests that these foreign bodies initiate an inflammatory response and activate ... The histological appearances of a foreign body granuloma and sarcoidosis are very similar, and it is impossible to exclude ... The presence of extensive foreign body tattoo pigments, which are a complex mix of heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds,4 ... Tattoo granulomas can occur in sarcoidosis but may also be a delayed allergic reaction to dyes used in tattoos.1 Similar cases ...
... which ultimately fuse and form foreign giant body cells that culminate into granulomas, due to the persistence of foreign ... This recruitment is typical of a foreign body inflammatory response (Anderson et al. 2008), during which blood monocytes can ... Anderson JM, Rodriguez A, Chang DT (2008) Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Semin Immunol 20:86-100 ... Enlarged macrophages have been previously described to have the ability to fuse and constitute foreign body giant cells ( ...
Best answer: You dont want foreign body granulomas forming inside the tip of your finger. Get that gauze out of the wound.. In ... Any foreign bodies?. Then her doctor may:. - Clean the wound out with a lot of sterile saline. - Numb the finger up. - Place ... If the gauze doesnt come off, theres really no way to tell if theres a foreign body; its stuck to clotted blood, and the ...
In fact, calcification has many benign causes, including old, healed infections or reaction to a foreign body. Granulomas are a ... In fact, calcification has many benign causes, including old, healed infections or reaction to a foreign body. Granulomas are a ... In fact, calcification has many benign causes, including old, healed infections or reaction to a foreign body. Granulomas are a ... document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}};\r\nthis.start=function(){var t=this;complete!==document.readyState?window. ...
... lymphadenopathy is a foreign body inflammatory reaction induced by silicone. ... No foreign body giant cell reaction * No foreign material * Fat necrosis: * Usually secondary to injury or previous procedures ... Caseating granulomas * Cystically dilated ducts with inspissated material * Gram positive bacteria * Histiocytes with ... Macrophages and foreign body giant cells: CD11b, CD44, CD68, CD163 (J Histochem Cytochem 2006;54:763, Cell Rep 2015;13:1937) ...
In addition to heartburn, reflux severe enough to cause laryngitis can cause chronic hoarseness, asthma, or a foreign body ... Growths on the vocal cords (granulomas). Rarely, reflux can lead to cancers of the esophagus or larynx. ... Endoscopy is a broad term used to described examining the inside of the body using an lighted, flexible instrument called an ...
Foreign body granuloma of subcutaneous tissue 77403000. *Granulomatous disorder of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 238673000 ... Disorder of body system 362965005. Inflammation of specific body systems 363171009. Inflammation of skin and/or subcutaneous ...
Hepatic Granulomas - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Granulomas may form when cells of the immune system gather to respond to irritants or to defend the body against foreign ... Symptoms of Hepatic Granulomas Granulomas themselves typically cause no symptoms. The liver may enlarge slightly, and mild ... Other symptoms, if they develop, result from the disorder causing the granulomas. Granulomas caused by sarcoidosis may ...
Acral Lick Granuloma in Dogs. Ongoing, compulsive licking of a single area is the trademark of this disease, a maddening skin ... Foreign Bodies. A bee sting, splinter, or thistle spine can be painful if not removed. Dogs will groom a painful area in order ... What is Acral Lick Granuloma in Dogs?. Acral lick granulomas, or lick granulomas, are also known as acral lick dermatitis. They ... Preventing Acral Lick Granulomas. There is no cure for lick granulomas, but pet parents can take steps to prevent them from ...
... and pleural foreign-body granulomas after handling complex mixtures of chemicals including polyacrylate particles. However, no ... Song Y. Li X, Du X. Exposure to nanoparticles is related to pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis and granuloma. Eur Respir J ... and they described how compressed air and salt water were used to remove the sticky powder from clothes and body parts. All of ...
Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which the immune system is not able to protect the body from foreign invaders such as ... Most commonly, granulomas occur in the gastrointestinal tract. and the genitourinary tract. . In many cases the intestinal wall ... which play a role in killing foreign invaders and preventing them from reproducing in the body and causing illness. NADPH ... As a result, phagocytes are unable to kill foreign invaders and neutrophil activity is not regulated. A lack of NADPH oxidase ...
Foreign body granuloma mimicking intracranial meningioma: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 1999 Apr. 44( ... Body mass index, physical activity, and risk of adult meningioma and glioma: A meta-analysis. Neurology. 2015 Oct 13. 85 (15): ... arrow indicates psammoma body). C, Meningothelial meningioma, tumor in case 4. E, Meningioma with marked vascularity ( ... show syncytial meningioma with well-identified whorls and no psammoma bodies. ...
... allergic granulomas but not from 4-to6-week-old or foreign body granulomas (consisting of mononuclear cells and phagocytes) [26 ... Radiopaque foreign bodies [9].. *DC-STAMP is essential for cell-cell fusion in osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells [10]. ... Chemical compound and disease context of Foreign Bodies. *Foreign-body reactions were induced in coisogenic CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 ... High impact information on Foreign Bodies. *Synthetic vascular prostheses are foreign bodies, so that blood coagulation can ...
Histiocytic infiltration with granulomas to foreign body and follicular cysts are also common.[3] Foreign body granulomas are ... Acne-like lesions and cysts may form at the site due to foreign body reactions, and infections may also occur due to poor ... shifting the chin rest to the center of the body over the tailpiece ... and erythema where the chin rest or instrument body presses against the skin of the neck.[2] Other signs and symptoms include ...
  • A related term, caseation (literally: turning to cheese) refers to a form of necrosis that, to the unaided eye, appears cheese-like ("caseous"), and is typically a feature of the granulomas of tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Necrosis in granulomas Granuloma without necrosis in a lymph node of a person with sarcoidosis Granuloma with central necrosis in a lung of a person with tuberculosis: Note the Langhans-type giant cells (with many nuclei arranged in a horseshoe-like pattern at the edge of the cell) around the periphery of the granuloma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tuberculosis was the most common cause of granuloma with 143 (65.6%) cases, followed by leprosy, foreign body and fungal infection. (nepjol.info)
  • Tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy may produce granulomas with scanty bleeding. (tandurust.com)
  • Contact granulomas may occur unilaterally or bilaterally. (medscape.com)
  • Tattoo granulomas can occur in sarcoidosis but may also be a delayed allergic reaction to dyes used in tattoos. (nature.com)
  • Many granulomas occur because of dog anxiety. (petinsuranceu.com)
  • [1] Acne -like lesions and cysts may form at the site due to foreign body reactions, and infections may also occur due to poor hygiene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inflammation can occur in many different areas of the body in people with chronic granulomatous disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Small granulomas occasionally occur in other liver disorders but are not clinically significant. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis is a rare syndrome of hepatic granulomas with recurrent fever, myalgias, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms, which often occur intermittently for years. (msdmanuals.com)
  • granulomas may occur in the hepatic triads. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Several predisposing factors have been identified for pyogenic granulomas, though as many as 76.7% may occur spontaneously. (jocr.co.in)
  • Costa Rica is considered the most endemic angiostrongiliasis en un country, and it has been shown in different reviews that most cases occur in children and males. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma" is a lesion characterized by keloid-like fibrosis in the lung and is not granulomatous. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of sea urchin spines which have not been removed from wounds. (scielo.br)
  • The term granulomatous hepatitis is often used to describe the condition, but the disorder is not true hepatitis, and the presence of granulomas does not imply hepatocellular inflammation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hepatic granulomas are small abnormal clumps of cells that form in the liver when certain disorders are present or certain drugs are taken. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Hepatic granulomas have numerous causes and are usually asymptomatic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hepatic granulomas, although sometimes insignificant, more often reflect clinically relevant disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hepatic granulomas rarely affect hepatocellular function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pulmonary opacities identified on radiographs correlated to areas of pneumonia and foreign body location. (avmi.net)
  • CT findings included focal interstitial to alveolar pulmonary opacities (n=12) most commonly in the right caudal lung lobe (n=9), pleural thickening (n=11), mildly enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (n=10), soft tissue tracking (n=7) with enhancing margins (n=4), pneumothorax (n=6), pleural effusion (n=4), and foreign body visualization (n=4). (avmi.net)
  • Histologic diagnoses included pulmonary and mediastinal granulomas or abscesses, bronchopneumonia, and pleuritis. (avmi.net)
  • Macrophages play multiple roles in the pulmonary response to deposition of foreign bodies, such as particles, fibers. (cdc.gov)
  • Minor problems include ocular surface irritation and a foreign-body reaction. (aao.org)
  • Granulomas may form as part of widespread inflammation, which may be a reaction to a drug or to an infection. (merckmanuals.com)
  • [1] Fiddler's neck can be differentiated from rosacea and sarcoid reaction with granulomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scabies (mange), atopy (skin allergy), food reaction, allergy, inflammation of the blood vessel caused by a virus, bacteria or fungus (vasculitis), or pemphigus (problem with the immune system where the body attacks proteins in the skin which produces clusters of bullea which look like pimples. (cat-health-guide.org)
  • Examples of this use of the term granuloma are the lesions known as vocal cord granuloma (known as contact granuloma), pyogenic granuloma, and intubation granuloma, all of which are examples of granulation tissue, not granulomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contact granulomas are benign lesions usually located on the posterior third of the vocal fold, which corresponds to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • These lesions often are similar in appearance to those found in patients after intubation (intubation granulomas) and in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. (medscape.com)
  • Granulomas are the commonest lesions that the pathologists come across in routine practice. (nepjol.info)
  • H&E staining of cutaneous lesions may show necrotizing granuloma formation and neutrophilic infiltrate. (amboss.com)
  • Acral lick granulomas, or lick granulomas, are also known as acral lick dermatitis. (petinsuranceu.com)
  • Cuts and wounds can develop into lick granulomas. (dtnpf.com)
  • A contact granuloma is a pale or sometimes red mass located on the medial aspect of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • Histologically, they resemble pyogenic granulomas. (medscape.com)
  • Histologically, contact granulomas resemble pyogenic granulomas, which consist of chronic inflammatory infiltration with neovascularization and fibrosis covered by squamous epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • Pyogenic granulomas may develop, requiring removal of the plug. (aao.org)
  • Capillary hemangiomas and pyogenic granulomas are benign vascular neoplasms that are usually identified clinically by their characteristic features. (jocr.co.in)
  • Pyogenic granulomas, however, typically present in adults and can be induced by trauma. (jocr.co.in)
  • Clinicians should maintain a high clinical suspicion for both pyogenic granulomas and capillary hemangiomas in children and adults with a vascular soft tissue mass, even after trauma. (jocr.co.in)
  • Capillary hemangiomas and pyogenic granulomas are well-known benign vascular neoplasms. (jocr.co.in)
  • Pyogenic granulomas, also known as lobular capillary hemangiomas, can appear at any age, though they are most common in children and young adults. (jocr.co.in)
  • Other names you may hear for this condition include acral lick granuloma and acral lick dermatitis. (dtnpf.com)
  • For example, granulomas with numerous eosinophils may be a clue to coccidioidomycosis or allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease, and granulomas with numerous neutrophils suggest blastomycosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, aspiration pneumonia, or cat-scratch disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common areas for granulomas to grow are the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, and skin, but sarcoidosis can affect any organ or area of the body. (templehealth.org)
  • The most accurate use of the term granuloma requires a pathologist to examine surgically removed and specially colored (stained) tissue under a microscope. (wikipedia.org)
  • all reported no cases of tissue migration, foreign body granulomas, allergenicity, or interference with the control of cell proliferation. (curehunter.com)
  • A granuloma is walled off inflammatory mass produced by tissue in response to a foreign body). (popsci.com)
  • r\n\r\nHistologically, Crohn's disease is characterized by noncaseating granulomas on tissue biopsy. (dummies.com)
  • Additionally, granulomas within the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue breakdown and pus production (abscesses). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Caseating necrosis or foreign body tissue (eg, schistosome eggs) may be present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In general, shrapnel is left inert in the tissue and is removed at a later (subacute) stage only when absolutely necessary, such as in cases of systemic toxicity or local tissue complications (eg, abscess, foreign body granuloma) 5,6 ( Figure 1 ). (lww.com)
  • The word uvea comes from the Latin word ' uva ', which means 'grape' as defined by early anatomists based on the tissue color and geometry and consists of the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. (medscape.com)
  • A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In pathology, a granuloma is an organized collection of macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophages (specifically histiocytes) are the cells that define a granuloma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loosely dispersed macrophages are not considered to be granulomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • It consists of modified macrophages with multinucleated giant cells, in this case foreign-body giant cells (GIANT CELLS, FOREIGN-BODY), usually surrounded by lymphocytes. (uchicago.edu)
  • An inflammatory response that results when macrophages are unable to destroy foreign substances that have entered or invaded body tissues. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the BAL fluid and lung parenchyma, and increased deposition of collagen fibers in the interstitial space, Macrophages were a dominant cell type during inflammatory infiltration in the early phase response and for the formation of granulomas and chronic fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
  • In terms of the underlying cause, the difference between granulomas and other types of inflammation is that granulomas form in response to antigens that are resistant to "first-responder" inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. (wikipedia.org)
  • People with this condition may also have areas of inflammation (granulomas) in various tissues that can result in damage to those tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The goal of the current investigation was to examine lung injury, inflammation, oxidant generation, and effects on the lung global gene expression profile following a whole-body acute or sub-chronic inhalation exposure to COV. (cdc.gov)
  • Contact ulcers (or granulomas) historically were thought to be the result of voice abuse or misuse, and the granulomas of intubation or gastroesophageal reflux were separate subsets of these conditions. (medscape.com)
  • Histiocytic, inflammatory response to a foreign body. (uchicago.edu)
  • [2] Histiocytic infiltration with granulomas to foreign body and follicular cysts are also common. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common type of granuloma was epithelioid (87.2%), followed by epithelioid with suppuration, histiocytic, foreign body and mixed inflammatory. (nepjol.info)
  • The antigen causing the formation of a granuloma is most often an infectious pathogen or a substance foreign to the body, but sometimes the offending antigen is unknown (as in sarcoidosis). (wikipedia.org)
  • The histological appearances of a foreign body granuloma and sarcoidosis are very similar, and it is impossible to exclude sarcoidosis on histology of such a granuloma. (nature.com)
  • Granulomas caused by sarcoidosis may disappear spontaneously or persist for years without causing any noticeable symptoms. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Barabasi Z, Kiss E, Balaton G, Vajo Z . Cutaneous granuloma and uveitis caused by a tattoo. (nature.com)
  • certain localized infections - see body system-related chapters infectious and parasitic diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium [except obstetrical tetanus] (O98. (who.int)
  • As extraoral dental sinus is a rare condition it is often misdiagnosed initially as a more common skin condition such as a skin cancer , boil or other skin infection, pyogenic granuloma , trauma, foreign body or other granuloma, cyst or one of the other forms of face and neck sinuses and fistulae . (dermnetnz.org)
  • Local growth of ciliary body melanoma produces signs and symptoms as it pathologically involves adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • Granulomas themselves typically cause no symptoms. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Other symptoms, if they develop, result from the disorder causing the granulomas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • VALUE RFVF 10050 ='Chills' 10100 ='Fever' 10120 ='Other symptoms of body temperature' 10121 ='Feeling cold' 10122 ='Feeling hot' 10123 ='Feeling hot and cold' 10150 ='Tiredness, exhaustion' 10200 ='General weakness' 10250 ='General ill feeling' 10300 ='Fainting (syncope)' 10350 ='Symptoms of fluid abnormalities' 10351 ='Edema' 10352 ='Excessive sweating, perspiration' 10353 ='Excessive thirst' 10400 ='Weight gain' 10450 ='Weight loss' 10451 ='Recent weight loss' 10452 ='Underweight' 10460 ='Symptoms of face, not elsewhere class. (cdc.gov)
  • Granulomas of the larynx can be classified into 2 general groups: specific granulomas and nonspecific granulomas. (medscape.com)
  • Nonspecific granulomas are benign and are unilaterally or bilaterally located on the vocal processes of the vocal folds. (medscape.com)
  • therefore, both subsets of nonspecific granulomas can be considered a single entity. (medscape.com)
  • This is probably what we commonly call a lick granuloma. (dtnpf.com)
  • The precise surgical approach for removal or biopsy of the granuloma is controversial. (medscape.com)
  • Granuloma formation is incompletely understood. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is characterised by degenerative changes of Lumbar vertebral bodies like osteophyte lippings and spur formation, degeneration of intervertebral disc, narrowing of intervertebral space, Intervertebral disc bulging, intervertebral disc herniation. (atomictherapy.org)
  • 2021. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/761169/0/granuloma. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • citation needed] Granulomas are seen in a wide variety of diseases, both infectious and noninfectious. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] An important feature of granulomas is whether or not they contain necrosis, which refers to dead cells that, under the microscope, appear as a mass of formless debris with no nuclei present. (wikipedia.org)
  • The identification of necrosis in granulomas is important because granulomas with necrosis tend to have infectious causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin, and suture fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • A granuloma is a localized collection of chronic inflammatory cells with epithelioid cells and giant multinucleated cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These are nodules that may form around material that the body perceives as foreign, such as particles of tattoo pigment. (healthychildren.org)
  • Tattoo granuloma of the eyelid mimicking carcinoma. (uchicago.edu)
  • The non-caseating granulomas appear to be formed around included tattoo pigment granules (arrow). (nature.com)
  • The inclusion of tattoo pigment in granulomas suggests that these foreign bodies initiate an inflammatory response and activate lymphocytes. (nature.com)
  • The presence of extensive foreign body tattoo pigments, which are a complex mix of heavy metals, dyes, and organic compounds, 4 may have contributed to his immune dysregulation. (nature.com)
  • Tattoo granuloma and uveitis. (nature.com)
  • In most cases, the pyogenic granuloma regresses once the plug is removed, but surgical excision is needed on occasion. (aao.org)
  • The epithelioid type was the most common type of granuloma. (nepjol.info)
  • Granuloma, Foreign-Body" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • Unilateral blood stained discharge with foul smell in a child should arouse suspicion of foreign body. (tandurust.com)
  • [2] Type I hypersensitivity reactions may also be involved, particularly to rosewood and ebony in the chinrest and tailpiece, as well as to varnish of the instrument body when chinrests are not used and to rosin deposits on the instrument and on chin cloths. (wikipedia.org)
  • These predisposing factures includetrauma, foreign body reactions such as bug bites, and some dermatologic conditions [2, 3]. (jocr.co.in)
  • A clinical diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma was made. (jocr.co.in)
  • Foreign-body granuloma after injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for type III stress urinary incontinence. (uchicago.edu)
  • This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Granulomas may form when cells of the immune system gather to respond to irritants or to defend the body against foreign substances in the liver. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which the immune system is not able to protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria and fungi. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The immune system protects the body from harmful or foreign substances. (templehealth.org)
  • Demographical and clinical details: 53 years old male, tender mass of left-hand that develops 2 months after woody foreign body penetrating injury. (radiologybonemusclejoint.com)
  • They make this assumption since granulomas usually contain calcium, although the cells that form a granuloma are too tiny to be seen by a radiologist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Granulomas affect the deepest layers of the skin. (petinsuranceu.com)
  • Fiddler's neck usually involves highly localized lichenification , mild hyperpigmentation , and erythema where the chin rest or instrument body presses against the skin of the neck. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ciliary body melanoma is a subtype of uveal melanoma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the eye. (medscape.com)
  • Uveal melanomas are the most common primary intraocular malignancies and the second most common type of primary malignant melanoma in the body. (medscape.com)
  • The removal of foreign bodies from the ear is a common procedure in the emergency department. (medscape.com)
  • These cells catch and destroy foreign invaders such as bacteria and fungi. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our patient was treated in Munich in the early 1990s, when the product probably contained a rather high portion of smaller polymethylmethacrylate microsphere particles, 2 which might also explain why the histopathologic findings were similar to those of the foreign body granulomas that were observed by Requena Caballero and colleagues after injections of fluid silicone. (jamanetwork.com)
  • See Foreign Bodies: Curious Findings , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify various foreign objects and determine appropriate interventions and treatment options. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of a tympanic membrane (TM) perforation , contact of a foreign body with the tympanic membrane, or incomplete visualization of the auditory canal are indications for urgent-emergent ENT consultation for removal by operative microscope and speculum. (medscape.com)