Gymnema sylvestre
Saponins
Triterpenes
Medical benefits of using natural compounds and their derivatives having multiple pharmacological actions. (1/7)
The multiple pharmacological actions of a unique compound are a prerequisite for classifying drugs as highly efficacious, because the multiple pharmacological actions offer the possibility of treating various symptoms of chronic diseases as described below. 1) Sustained hyperglycemia induces macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Antihyperglycemic medication and the control of postprandial hyperglycemia are essentially important for normalizing plasma glucose level. Gymnemic acid IV isolated from Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) leaves has antisweet, antihyperglycemic, glucose uptake inhibitory, and gut glycosidase inhibitory effects. Most of these pharmacological effects may synergistically contribute to alleviating type 2 diabetes-related symptoms. 2) Diabetic skeletal and vascular smooth muscles are hypersensitive to chemical transmitters, cytokines and autacoids. The sensitivity of neuromuscular synapses is enhanced in diabetes, which seems to be closely associated with neuropathy as one of the diabetic complications. beta-Eudesmol found in Atractylodes lancea rhizome has a desensitizing channel blocking action to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, anti-angiogenic action in vascular endothelium, and neuronal differentiation actions. These multiple pharmacological actions are favorable for treating angiogenic diseases possibly including the complications of diabetes, namely, retinopathy and nephropathy, and cancer. 3) Nipradilol is clinically utilized as a topical antiglaucoma drug. The ocular hypotensive effects of this compound are brought about by its alpha1 and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking actions, and nitric oxide (NO) releasing action. NO directly activates cyclooxygenases. All these pharmacologic effects are beneficial for treating glaucoma. The selectivity and specificity of drug action are required for treating acute diseases, infections or for acting as useful reagents. The pleiotropic actions of natural compounds and their derivatives serve as important clues for developing new drugs for various chronic diseases. (+info)Production of gymnemic acid depends on medium, explants, PGRs, color lights, temperature, photoperiod, and sucrose sources in batch culture of Gymnema sylvestre. (2/7)
(+info)Evaluation of antiobesity and cardioprotective effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract in murine model. (3/7)
(+info)Toxicity of saponin isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito in India. (4/7)
(+info)Larvicidal activity of Saponin isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) against Japanese Encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). (5/7)
(+info)Gymnemic acids inhibit hyphal growth and virulence in Candida albicans. (6/7)
(+info)C-4 gem-dimethylated oleanes of Gymnema sylvestre and their pharmacological activities. (7/7)
(+info)Gymnema sylvestre is not a medical term, but rather the name of a plant species native to the tropical forests of India and Africa. This woody climbing shrub has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly in Indian Ayurvedic medicine.
In a medical context, Gymnema sylvestre is often referred to as a herbal supplement or botanical medicine. Its leaves contain compounds such as gymnemic acids, which are believed to have various health benefits. Some of the potential medicinal uses of Gymnema sylvestre include:
* Lowering blood sugar levels in people with diabetes
* Reducing inflammation and pain
* Helping with weight loss by suppressing appetite
* Lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels
However, it's important to note that while some small studies have suggested that Gymnema sylvestre may have health benefits, more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish safe and effective dosages. As with any supplement or herbal medicine, it's important to talk to your healthcare provider before taking Gymnema sylvestre to ensure that it's safe for you and won't interact with any medications you may be taking.
Gymnema, also known as Gymnema sylvestre, is a woody climbing shrub native to the tropical forests of India and Africa. In traditional medicine, extracts from the leaves of this plant have been used for centuries to help manage diabetes, primarily by reducing sugar cravings and lowering blood sugar levels.
The active components in Gymnema are believed to be a group of triterpenoid saponins called gymnemic acids. These compounds have been shown to interfere with the ability of the tongue to taste sweetness, which may help reduce the desire for sugary foods and beverages. Additionally, gymnemic acids have been found to slow the absorption of glucose in the intestines, which can help regulate blood sugar levels after meals.
While Gymnema has a long history of use in traditional medicine, more research is needed to fully understand its potential health benefits and risks. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have a medical condition like diabetes or are taking prescription medications.
Saponins are a type of naturally occurring chemical compound found in various plants, including soapwords, ginseng, and many others. They are known for their foaming properties, similar to that of soap, which gives them their name "saponin" derived from the Latin word "sapo" meaning soap.
Medically, saponins have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their ability to lower cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, and boost the immune system. However, they can also have toxic effects in high concentrations, causing gastrointestinal disturbances and potentially damaging red blood cells.
Saponins are typically found in the cell walls of plants and can be extracted through various methods for use in pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics.
Triterpenes are a type of natural compound that are composed of six isoprene units and have the molecular formula C30H48. They are synthesized through the mevalonate pathway in plants, fungi, and some insects, and can be found in a wide variety of natural sources, including fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants.
Triterpenes have diverse structures and biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and cytotoxic effects. Some triterpenes are also used in traditional medicine, such as glycyrrhizin from licorice root and betulinic acid from the bark of birch trees.
Triterpenes can be further classified into various subgroups based on their carbon skeletons, including squalene, lanostane, dammarane, and ursane derivatives. Some triterpenes are also modified through various biochemical reactions to form saponins, steroids, and other compounds with important biological activities.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.