Hand Deformities, Acquired
Hand Deformities
Hand Deformities, Congenital
Joint Deformities, Acquired
Foot Deformities, Acquired
Intermittent compression for the treatment of the oedematous hand in hemiplegic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. (1/57)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression in treating oedema in the hemiplegic hand of stroke patients. DESIGN: Single-blind randomized control trial. SETTING: acute and rehabilitation elderly care wards in a teaching district. SUBJECTS: 37 Subjects with a first ever hemisphere stroke were randomized to treatment with standard physiotherapy either alone or combined with intermittent pneumatic compression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of treatment on oedema was assessed using measures of the hand volume of the hemiplegic hand. The impact on function was assessed using the motricity index. RESULTS: The treated group showed no change in the mean stroke hand volume. In the control group the mean stroke hand volume decreased by 3.2 ml. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The median scores for the motricity index increased for both groups but there was no significant difference between the groups and any improvement in motor function was independent of any treatment effects. CONCLUSION: Intermittent pneumatic compression at the prescribed pressure and duration of this study is not an effective treatment for the oedematous stroke hand. (+info)Assessment of mutilans-like hand deformities in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. A radiographic study of 52 patients. (2/57)
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patients with mutilans-like hand deformities in chronic inflammatory joint diseases and to determine radiographic scoring systems for arthritis mutilans (AM). METHODS: A total of 52 patients with severe hand deformities were collected during 1997. A Larsen hand score of 0-110 was formed to describe destruction of the hand joints. Secondly, each ray of the hand was assessed individually by summing the Larsen grade of the wrist and the grades of the MCP and PIP joints. When the sum of these grades was > or = 13, the finger was considered to be mutilated. A mutilans hand score of 0-10 was formed according to the number of mutilans fingers. Surgical treatment and spontaneous fusions were recorded. RESULTS: The study consisted of 22 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), nine with rheumatoid factor (RF) positive and 13 with RF negative arthritis, 27 patients with RF positive RA, and three adult patients with other diagnoses. The mean age of patients with adult rheumatic diseases was 27 years at the onset of arthritis. The mean disease duration in all patients was 30 years. The mean Larsen hand score was 93. Four patients had no mutilans fingers and in 15 patients all 10 fingers were mutilated. The Larsen hand score of 0-110 and the mutilans hand score of 0-10 correlated well (rs = 0.90). Fourteen patients showed spontaneous fusions in the peripheral joints. A total of 457 operations were performed on 48 patients. CONCLUSION: Both the Larsen hand score of 0-110 and the mutilans hand score of 0-10 improve accuracy in evaluating mutilans-like hand deformities, but in unevenly distributed hand deformities the mutilans hand score is better in describing deformation of individual fingers. (+info)Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of the hand: a case report and review of the literature. (3/57)
Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor of the hand is rare and only 10 cases have been described in the literature. We present a 14-year-old boy with a recurrent extra-abdominal desmoid tumor in the dorsal site of the right hand. MR image demonstrated the tumor in the third dorsal interosseous muscle, and adhered to the radial side of the forth metacarpal bone. The lesion revealed iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2. We performed a marginal excision. Histological examination of the tumor showed proliferation of the fibroblastic cells with abundant collagen bundles. He developed local recurrence for the third time. The size of the third recurrent tumor has not been changed for 2 years and 3 months. Therefore, we have not performed any additional surgery. Since extensive resection markedly diminishes the function of the hand, we consider that a marginal surgical margin is acceptable for the quality of daily life of patients with a desmoid tumor of the hand. (+info)Isolated finger flexion: a novel form of focal neuromyotonia. (4/57)
Two almost identical elderly women are described who presented with gradually progressive painless involuntary flexion of the ring and middle fingers over 12 months, leading eventually to contractures. The flexion deformity persisted during sleep and was the sole neurological abnormality. Both patients had advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and were on long term salbutamol and oxygen. Neurophysiological studies indicated that this was due to neuromyotonia mainly involving flexor digitorum superficialis muscles without evidence of underlying peripheral neuropathy, proximal conduction block, or generalised neuromyotonia. Voltage gated potassium channel antibodies were negative. The clinical and neurophysiological picture remained static over a 2 year follow up period. It is suggested that this is a novel form of acquired focal neuromyotonia and speculate both on its cause and distribution. (+info)The anatomy of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints, with observations of the aetiology of ulnar drift. (5/57)
One hundred normal fingers were dissected and arthrographs obtained by injection of chromopaque-gelatin mixture, allowing comparison between the radiographic and macroscopic configuration of the synovial capsule. Synovial recesses protruding from each side of every metacarpo-phalangeal joint were found in relation to the collateral ligaments and corresponding exactly with the site of radiological erosions. A group of bursae lying on the superficial aspect of collateral ligaments were also demonstrated. A rudimentary intra-articular meniscus was found. The results of examination of the insertions of the interossei showed differences from traditional descriptions. The cause of rheumatoid deformity was suggested to be the rheumatoid process arising in the lateral recesses and lateral bursae, weakening the collateral ligaments, which give way in the directions of the deforming forces. These are derived from the long flexor tendons, which were shown to exert an ulnar and volar strain on the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of every finger during grip. (+info)Winchester syndrome. (6/57)
Winchester syndrome was first described in 1969 and since then nine patients have been reported in the literature. The syndrome is characterized by short stature, coarse face, corneal opacities, generalized osteolysis and progressive painful arthropathy with joint stiffness and contractures of distal phalanges in combination with skin changes. The etiology is unknown. Parental consanguinity supports autosomal inheritance. The diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological manifestations. We describe a case in a 7-year-old Pakistani boy. (+info)Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes mellitus. (7/57)
Rheumatic complaints are common in patients with diabetes. Maintaining good glycaemic control by exercise, diet, and medication improves or prevents the development of rheumatic conditions. (+info)Dermochondral corneal dystrophy (of Francois). (8/57)
Dermochondral corneal dystrophy (of Francois) has been reported rarely in the literature. It consists of a triad of findings characterised by the development of skin nodules, acquired deformities of the extremities, and a corneal dystrophy. The corneal dystrophy is central and superficial with whitish subepithelial opacities. We present two brothers who display previously unreported ocular findings. Specifically, they developed confluent opacification of their central corneas with anterior stromal involvement, and peculiar anterior cortical cataracts. These findings should be added to the spectrum of findings seen in this rare disorder. (+info)Acquired hand deformities refer to structural changes in the hand or fingers that occur after birth, as a result of injury, illness, or other external factors. These deformities can affect any part of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common causes of acquired hand deformities include trauma, infection, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, tumors, and neurological conditions.
The symptoms of acquired hand deformities can vary depending on the severity and location of the deformity. They may include pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion, loss of function, and changes in appearance. Treatment for acquired hand deformities may involve a combination of medical interventions, such as medication, physical therapy, or splinting, as well as surgical procedures to correct the underlying structural problem. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve function, and restore normal appearance and movement to the hand.
Hand deformities refer to any abnormal changes in the shape or structure of the hand, which can result from various causes such as genetic factors, injuries, illnesses, or aging. These deformities may affect one or more parts of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common examples of hand deformities include:
1. Trigger finger: A condition where the affected finger or thumb gets locked in a bent position and can only be straightened with a snapping motion.
2. Dupuytren's contracture: A progressive hand deformity that causes the fingers to bend towards the palm due to thickening and shortening of the palmar fascia.
3. Mallet finger: An injury to the extensor tendon at the end joint of a finger, causing it to droop and making it difficult to straighten the fingertip.
4. Boutonnière deformity: A condition where the middle joint of a finger is dislocated and cannot be straightened due to damage to the central slip of the extensor tendon.
5. Camptodactyly: A congenital hand deformity characterized by permanent flexion of one or more fingers, typically affecting the little finger.
6. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that can cause joint inflammation and damage, leading to hand deformities such as swan neck deformity and boutonnière deformity.
7. Fractures or dislocations: Trauma to the hand can result in various deformities depending on the severity and location of the injury.
8. Nerve injuries: Damage to nerves in the hand can lead to muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, and deformities such as claw hand or ulnar claw hand.
9. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that commonly affects the hands, causing pain, stiffness, and potential deformities in the fingers and thumb.
10. Congenital hand differences: Birth defects that result in missing or abnormally formed parts of the hand, such as radial clubhand or cleft hand.
Congenital hand deformities refer to physical abnormalities or malformations of the hand, wrist, and/or digits (fingers) that are present at birth. These deformities can result from genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. They may affect the bones, muscles, tendons, joints, and other structures in the hand, leading to varying degrees of impairment in function and appearance.
There are numerous types of congenital hand deformities, some of which include:
1. Polydactyly: The presence of extra digits on the hand, which can be fully formed or rudimentary.
2. Syndactyly: Webbing or fusion of two or more fingers, which may involve soft tissue only or bone as well.
3. Clinodactyly: A curved finger due to a sideways deviation of the fingertip, often affecting the little finger.
4. Camptodactyly: Permanent flexion or bending of one or more fingers, typically involving the proximal interphalangeal joint.
5. Trigger Finger/Thumb: A condition where a finger or thumb becomes locked in a bent position due to thickening and narrowing of the tendon sheath.
6. Radial Club Hand (Radial Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the radius bone, resulting in a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
7. Ulnar Club Hand (Ulnar Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the ulna bone, leading to a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
8. Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A genetic disorder affecting bone growth, resulting in underdeveloped or absent collarbones, dental abnormalities, and occasionally hand deformities.
9. Apert Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the fusion of fingers and toes (syndactyly) and other skeletal abnormalities.
10. Holt-Oram Syndrome: A genetic disorder involving heart defects and upper limb deformities, such as radial ray deficiency or thumb anomalies.
Treatment for hand deformities varies depending on the specific condition and severity. Options may include physical therapy, bracing, splinting, medications, or surgical intervention.
Acquired joint deformities refer to structural changes in the alignment and shape of a joint that develop after birth, due to various causes such as injury, disease, or wear and tear. These deformities can affect the function and mobility of the joint, causing pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Examples of conditions that can lead to acquired joint deformities include arthritis, infection, trauma, and nerve damage. Treatment may involve medication, physical therapy, or surgery to correct the deformity and alleviate symptoms.
Acquired foot deformities refer to structural abnormalities of the foot that develop after birth, as opposed to congenital foot deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, neurological conditions, or complications from a medical condition like diabetes or arthritis.
Examples of acquired foot deformities include:
1. Hammertoe - A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Claw toe - A more severe form of hammertoe where the toe also curls under, forming a claw-like shape.
3. Mallet toe - A condition where the end joint of a toe is bent downward, causing it to resemble a mallet.
4. Bunions - A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint, often causing pain and difficulty wearing shoes.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette) - A similar condition to a bunion, but it occurs on the outside of the foot near the little toe joint.
6. Charcot foot - A severe deformity that can occur in people with diabetes or other neurological conditions, characterized by the collapse and dislocation of joints in the foot.
7. Cavus foot - A condition where the arch of the foot is excessively high, causing instability and increasing the risk of ankle injuries.
8. Flatfoot (pes planus) - A deformity where the arch of the foot collapses, leading to pain and difficulty walking.
9. Pronation deformities - Abnormal rotation or tilting of the foot, often causing instability and increasing the risk of injury.
Treatment for acquired foot deformities varies depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include orthotics, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.
In medical terms, a hand is the part of the human body that is attached to the forearm and consists of the carpus (wrist), metacarpus, and phalanges. It is made up of 27 bones, along with muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other soft tissues. The hand is a highly specialized organ that is capable of performing a wide range of complex movements and functions, including grasping, holding, manipulating objects, and communicating through gestures. It is also richly innervated with sensory receptors that provide information about touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (the sense of the position and movement of body parts).