Headache disorders primary. Medical search. Definitions

Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

Conditions in which the primary symptom is HEADACHE and the headache cannot be attributed to any known causes.

The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.

A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

Conditions with HEADACHE symptom that can be attributed to a variety of causes including BRAIN VASCULAR DISORDERS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES; INFECTION; drug use or its withdrawal.

A primary headache disorder that is characterized by severe, strictly unilateral PAIN which is orbital, supraorbital, temporal or in any combination of these sites, lasting 15-180 min. occurring 1 to 8 times a day. The attacks are associated with one or more of the following, all of which are ipsilateral: conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, facial SWEATING, eyelid EDEMA, and miosis. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

Primary headache disorders that show symptoms caused by the activation of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. These autonomic features include redness and tearing of the EYE, nasal congestion or discharge, facial SWEATING and other symptoms. Most subgroups show unilateral cranial PAIN.

Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)

A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.

Neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent FACIAL PAIN as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.

Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN.

A primary headache disorder that is characterized by frequent short-lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform pain attacks in the ocular area, with CONJUNCTIVA fluid-filling and tearing. SUNCT syndrome is usually resistant to treatment.

Secondary headache disorders attributed to a variety of cranial or cervical vascular disorders, such as BRAIN ISCHEMIA; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.

Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.

Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)

Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.

## I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ohio" is a U.S. state and not a term used in medical definitions.

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Hospitals engaged in educational and research programs, as well as providing medical care to the patients.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

Large hospitals with a resident medical staff which provides continuous care to maternity, surgical and medical patients.

Headache pain. (1/73)

The headache problem with its debilitation and pain has been noted throughout medical history. It is one of the most common outpatient complaints and affects more than 45 million Americans. The lost days to work and family and the immeasurable suffering of patients can be lessened with the understanding and knowledge of a caring physician. Osteopathic physicians with expertise in holistic and musculoskeletal concepts are particularly well prepared to help. The establishment of an accurate diagnosis through a careful history and physical examination is essential before the physician can develop an effective treatment plan. Treatment can be abortive, prophylactic, or symptomatic, or a combination. Abortive treatment is geared to reverse the headache once begun; prophylactic treatment usually involves the use of daily medications to prevent, decrease frequency, or lessen severity of attacks; and symptomatic treatment is for relief of pain or accompanying symptoms. Most headaches experienced are of the tension type, whereas most debilitating headaches are of the migraine type. Cluster headache, though experienced by a small percentage of sufferers, is especially severe, and is useful in differential diagnosis. (+info)

Application of ICHD 2nd edition criteria for primary headaches with the aid of a computerised, structured medical record for the specialist. (2/73)

We tested the computerised, structured medical record by entering and analysing the consecutive clinical sheets of primary headaches in the episodic forms (200) and chronic headache (200) and the corresponding output diagnoses of patients attending our Headache Centre. A diagnosis of one of the primary headache forms was obtained in 67.9% of cases. A certain diagnosis of primary headache plus that of a probable form was obtained in 24.4% of cases (12.7% represented by chronic migraine (CM) or chronic tension-type headache (CTTH)+probable medication overuse headache). Only probable forms were diagnosed in the remaining 7.3% (as single probable diagnosis in 5.8% of cases or multiple diagnoses of probable forms in the remaining ones). The percentage of certain diagnoses mainly in the chronic headache group (28.4%), and to a lesser extent tension-type headache (6.5%), were obtained in 34.9% of cases. A certain diagnosis of one chronic form plus that of a probable form was obtained in 50.8% of cases (26.9% represented by probable medication-overuse headache). Only probable forms were diagnosed in 13.46% (as single probable diagnosis in 8.73% of cases or multiple diagnoses of probable forms in the remaining ones). In the other cases, the ICHD-II classification does not allow the diagnoses of CM, CTTH or probable forms and medication overuse headache because the mandatory criteria for the diagnoses are too stringent and do not reflect modifications of the headache pattern in relation to its chronicity. These preliminary results underscore the usefulness of a computerised device based on the ICHD 2nd edition for diagnostic purposes in tertiary centres dedicated to headaches in clinical practice as well as its relevance for research. This computerised device may help to validate the new diagnostic criteria and to answer some emerging questions from the application of the new classification version, the relevance of which should be verified in clinical practice. (+info)

Osmophobia in primary headaches. (3/73)

This study evaluates osmophobia (defined as an unpleasant perception, during a headache attack, of odours that are non-aversive or even pleasurable outside the attacks) in connection with the diagnosis of primary headaches. We recruited 775 patients from our Headache Centre (566 females, 209 males; age 38+/-12 years), of whom 477 were migraineurs without aura (MO), 92 with aura (MA), 135 had episodic tension-type headache (ETTH), 44 episodic cluster headache (ECH), 2 chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) and 25 other primary headaches (OPHs: 12 primary stabbing headaches, 2 primary cough headaches, 3 primary exertional headaches, 2 primary headaches associated with sexual activity, 3 hypnic headaches, 2 primary thunderclap headaches and 1 hemicrania continua). Among them, 43% with MO (205/477), 39% with MA (36/92), and 7% with CH (3/44) reported osmophobia during the attacks; none of the 135 ETTH and 25 OPH patients suffered this symptom. We conclude that osmophobia is a very specific marker to discriminate adequately between migraine (MO and MA) and ETTH; moreover, from this limited series it seems to be a good discriminant also for OPHs, and for CH patients not sharing neurovegetative symptoms with migraine. Therefore, osmophobia should be considered a good candidate as a new criterion for the diagnosis of migraine. (+info)

Attachment styles and headache. (4/73)

The internal working model on attachment dimensions changes with significant emotional experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if and how the internal working models correlate with primary headaches. Attachment dimensions of subjects suffering from primary headaches were studied. One hundred and fourteen subjects [68 with migraine, 23 with tension-type headache (according to ICHD-I criteria), 23 with chronic daily headache (according to Silberstein's criteria)], were studied and compared with a control group of 57 subjects (matched in sex, age and social level) not suffering from any primary headache. Attachment dimensions were investigated using the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Headache sufferers seem to be characterised by attachment styles of the "insecure" type. In particular they seem to feel extremely ill at ease if there is an expectation of reduction of interpersonal distance. (+info)

Primary headache in Emergency Department: prevalence, clinical features and therapeutical approach. (5/73)

Headache is one of the most common reported complaints in the general adult population and it accounts for between 1% and 3% of admissions to an Emergency Department (ED). The overwhelming majority of patients who present to an ED with acute primary headache (PH) have migraine and very few of them receive a specific diagnosis and then an appropriate treatment. This is due, in part, to a low likelihood of emergency physicians diagnosing the type of PH, in turn due to lack of knowledge of the IHS criteria, and also the clinical condition of the patients (pain, border type of headache, etc.) In agreement with the literature, another interesting aspect of data emerging from our experience is that few of the ED PH patients are referred to headache clinics for diagnosis and treatment, especially if they present with high levels of disability. This attitude promotes the high-cost phenomenon of repeater patients that have already been admitted to the ED for the same reason in the past. This is statistically important because it involves about 10% of the population with PH. (+info)

Nontraumatic headache in the Emergency Department: a survey in the province of Trieste. (6/73)

The objective was to study the demographics, diagnostic procedures and therapies employed in order to provide guidelines to Emergency Department (ED) physicians. A six-month retrospective analysis of the records of all patients presenting with nontraumatic headache (NTH) to the EDs of the Province of Trieste was performed. Of 38,238 patients screened, 300 (0.8%) presented with NTH and 49.7% were referred to specialists. Patients were classified as having secondary headache (41.3%), primary headache (24.3%) and headache with no obvious source (NOS) (34.4%). One hundred and seventy patients were treated with mono- or polytherapy. Of 50 patients with migraine, 36 were treated with NSAIDs and 4 with triptans. 68.4% of patients were referred to a general practitioner and 31.6% were admitted. The frequency of NTH was lower than in other studies. NOS headache was frequent. Only 10% of migraineurs received triptans. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for ED physicians are needed. (+info)

Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in a large series of patients with migraine with aura, migraine without aura and cluster headache, and relationship with clinical phenotype. (7/73)

A relationship between migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been observed in relatively small series of patients so far. Furthermore, the exact mechanism underlying such an association remains unknown. In the present study we determined the prevalence of PFO by contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler (TCD) in a group of 260 patients with migraine with aura (MA+), 74 patients with migraine without aura (MA-), and 38 patients with cluster headache (CH). One-hundred-sixty-one MA+subjects (61.9%), 12 MA-subjects (16.2%), and 14 CH-subjects (36.8%) were PFO-carriers. The association was independent on the frequency of migraine attacks and complexity of aura. Finally, among the 15 patients who had a history of at least one migraine attack occurring during a Valsalva maneuver only one subject turned out to be PFO-carrier. Our findings confirm previous observations of a link between MA+, CH, and PFO. They also suggest that such an association is independent on migraine clinical phenotype and is probably unrelated to the pathogenic mechanism of paradoxical embolism. (+info)

Psychiatric comorbidity and chronicisation in primary headache. (8/73)

The frequent association between primary headaches and psychiatric disorders is consistently reported in the literature. There is increasing evidence that a bi-directional relationship links these somatic conditions to psychopathological events. Prospective studies show that several psychiatric disorders are severe risk factors for both the onset and chronicisation of primary headache, and for a long time it has been suspected that headache triggers psychiatric disorders, mostly of affective nature, and affects both their course and outcome. Researchers are actively involved in investigating the biological basis of such a relationship while clinicians still need to strengthen their interest in psychiatric comorbidity of their primary headache patients to improve clinical outcome and to prevent chronic evolutions. (+info)

Headache disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by recurrent headaches that cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. The most common types of headache disorders are tension-type headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches.

Tension-type headaches are typically described as a dull, aching sensation around the head and neck, often accompanied by tightness or pressure. Migraines, on the other hand, are usually characterized by moderate to severe throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances.

Cluster headaches are relatively rare but extremely painful, with attacks lasting from 15 minutes to three hours and occurring several times a day for weeks or months. They typically affect one side of the head and are often accompanied by symptoms such as redness and tearing of the eye, nasal congestion, and sweating on the affected side of the face.

Headache disorders can have a significant impact on quality of life, and effective treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include medication, lifestyle changes, and behavioral therapies.

Primary headache disorders are a group of headaches that are not caused by an underlying medical condition or structural problem. They are considered to be separate medical entities and include:

1. Migraine: A recurring headache that typically causes moderate to severe throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. It is commonly accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
2. Tension-type headache (TTH): The most common type of headache, characterized by a pressing or tightening sensation around the forehead or back of the head and neck. It is usually not aggravated by physical activity and does not cause nausea or vomiting.
3. Cluster headache: A rare but extremely painful type of headache that occurs in clusters, meaning they happen several times a day for weeks or months, followed by periods of remission. The pain is usually one-sided, centered around the eye and often accompanied by redness, tearing, and nasal congestion.
4. New daily persistent headache (NDPH): A type of headache that starts suddenly and persists every day for weeks or months. It can be similar to tension-type headaches or migraines but is not caused by an underlying medical condition.
5. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs): A group of primary headache disorders characterized by severe pain on one side of the head, often accompanied by symptoms such as redness, tearing, and nasal congestion. Cluster headaches are a type of TAC.
6. Other primary headache disorders: These include rare conditions such as hemicrania continua, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks.

Primary headache disorders can significantly impact a person's quality of life and ability to function. Treatment typically involves medication, lifestyle changes, and behavioral therapies.

A headache is defined as pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can be a symptom of various underlying conditions such as stress, sinus congestion, migraine, or more serious issues like meningitis or concussion. Headaches can vary in intensity, ranging from mild to severe, and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound. There are over 150 different types of headaches, including tension headaches, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches, each with their own specific characteristics and causes.

A migraine disorder is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent headaches that often involve one side of the head and are accompanied by various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances. Migraines can last from several hours to days and can be severely debilitating. The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect the brain and blood vessels. There are different types of migraines, including migraine without aura, migraine with aura, chronic migraine, and others, each with its own specific set of symptoms and diagnostic criteria. Treatment typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and behavioral therapies to manage symptoms and prevent future attacks.

Secondary headache disorders refer to headaches that are caused by an underlying medical condition, structural abnormality, or injury. These headaches can have various characteristics and patterns, and their symptoms may mimic those of primary headache disorders such as migraine or tension-type headaches. However, in order to diagnose a secondary headache disorder, the healthcare provider must identify and address the underlying cause.

Examples of conditions that can cause secondary headache disorders include:

* Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
* Brain tumors or other space-occupying lesions
* Meningitis or encephalitis (infections of the membranes surrounding the brain or the brain itself)
* Sinusitis or other respiratory infections
* Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)
* Giant cell arteritis (a condition that affects the blood vessels in the head and neck)
* Substance use or withdrawal (such as from caffeine or alcohol)
* Medications (such as nitroglycerin or blood pressure-lowering drugs)

It is important to note that secondary headache disorders can be serious and even life-threatening, so it is essential to seek medical attention if you experience a new or unusual headache, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.

A cluster headache is a type of primary headache disorder characterized by severe, one-sided headaches that occur in clusters, meaning they happen several times a day for several weeks or months and then go into remission for a period of time. The pain of a cluster headache is typically intense and often described as a sharp, stabbing, or burning sensation around the eye or temple on one side of the head.

Cluster headaches are relatively rare, affecting fewer than 1 in 1000 people. They tend to affect men more often than women and usually start between the ages of 20 and 50. The exact cause of cluster headaches is not fully understood, but they are thought to be related to abnormalities in the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates various bodily functions, including hormone production and sleep-wake cycles.

Cluster headache attacks can last from 15 minutes to several hours and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as redness or tearing of the eye, runny nose, sweating, or swelling on the affected side of the face. During a cluster period, headaches typically occur at the same time each day, often at night or in the early morning.

Cluster headaches can be treated with various medications, including triptans, oxygen therapy, and local anesthetics. Preventive treatments such as verapamil, lithium, or corticosteroids may also be used to reduce the frequency and severity of cluster headache attacks during a cluster period.

A tension-type headache (TTH) is a common primary headache disorder characterized by mild to moderate, non-throbbing head pain, often described as a tight band or pressure surrounding the head. The pain typically occurs on both sides of the head and may be accompanied by symptoms such as scalp tenderness, neck stiffness, and light or sound sensitivity.

TTHs are classified into two main categories: episodic and chronic. Episodic TTHs occur less than 15 days per month, while chronic TTHs occur 15 or more days per month for at least three months. The exact cause of tension-type headaches is not fully understood, but they are believed to be related to muscle tension, stress, anxiety, and poor posture.

Treatment options for TTHs include over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, relaxation techniques, stress management, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary to manage chronic TTHs.

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs) is a group of primary headache disorders characterized by unilateral, severe head pain associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) classifies TACs into four types:

1. Cluster Headache: Severe, strictly unilateral, orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain lasting 15 minutes to three hours and occurring in clusters (usually at the same time of day for several weeks or months). The attacks are associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms such as conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, forehead sweating, eyelid edema, and/or pupillary miosis.
2. Paroxysmal Hemicrania: Short-lasting (2-30 minutes) but recurrent attacks of severe unilateral head pain accompanied by ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. The attacks occur more than five times a day and are often associated with agitation or restlessness during the attack.
3. Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks (SUNHA): This category includes two subtypes: SUNCT (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing) and SUNA (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Autonomic symptoms). These disorders are characterized by moderate to severe unilateral head pain lasting 5 minutes to 6 hours, accompanied by cranial autonomic features.
4. Hemicrania Continua: A continuous, strictly unilateral headache of mild to moderate intensity with occasional exacerbations of severe pain. The attacks are associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms and/or migrainous features such as photophobia, phonophobia, or nausea.

TACs are considered rare disorders, and their pathophysiology is not entirely understood. However, it is believed that they involve the trigeminal nerve and its connections to the brainstem. Treatment typically involves medications targeting the underlying mechanisms of these headaches, such as triptans for migraine-like features or anticonvulsants for neuralgiform pain. In some cases, invasive procedures like nerve blocks or neurostimulation may be considered.

"Migraine without Aura," also known as "Common Migraine," is defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) as follows:

"Headaches fulfilling criteria C and D:

C. At least five attacks fulfilling criterion B

B. Headache lasting 4-72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated)

1. a) Has at least two of the following characteristics:
b) One-sided location
c) Pulsating quality
d) Moderate or severe pain intensity
e) Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (e.g., walking or climbing stairs)

D. During headache at least one of the following:

1. a) Nausea and/or vomiting
2. b) Photophobia and phonophobia"

In simpler terms, Migraine without Aura is a recurring headache disorder characterized by moderate to severe headaches that typically occur on one side of the head, have a pulsating quality, and are aggravated by physical activity. The headaches last between 4 and 72 hours if not treated or if treatment is unsuccessful. Additionally, during the headache, at least one of the following symptoms must be present: nausea/vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), or sensitivity to sound (phonophobia).

"Migraine with Aura" is a neurological condition that is formally defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) as follows:

"An migraine attack with focal neurological symptoms that usually develop gradually over 5 to 20 minutes and last for less than 60 minutes. Motor weakness is not a feature of the aura."

The symptoms of an aura may include visual disturbances such as flickering lights, zigzag lines, or blind spots; sensory disturbances such as tingling or numbness in the face, arms, or legs; and speech or language difficulties. These symptoms are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and typically precede or accompany a migraine headache, although they can also occur without a headache.

It's important to note that not all people who experience migraines will have an aura, and some people may have an aura without a headache. If you are experiencing symptoms of a migraine with aura or any other type of headache, it is recommended that you consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, and autonomic nervous system. Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in this field, diagnosing and treating conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and various types of headaches and pain disorders. They use a variety of diagnostic tests, including imaging studies like MRI and CT scans, electrophysiological tests like EEG and EMG, and laboratory tests to evaluate nerve function and identify any underlying conditions or abnormalities. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, rehabilitation, or lifestyle modifications.

Facial neuralgia is a general term that refers to painful conditions affecting the facial nerves. It is often used to describe two specific disorders: trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

1. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as tic douloureux, is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, one of the major nerves of the face. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. Trigeminal neuralgia causes intense, stabbing, electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face where the branches of the nerve are distributed: the lower jaw, upper jaw, and cheek. The pain usually affects one side of the face, is triggered by light touch or other stimuli, and can last from a few seconds to several minutes.

2. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a similar but less common condition that involves the glossopharyngeal nerve, which is responsible for sensations in the throat, tongue, and ear on one side of the face. GPN causes sharp, stabbing pain in these areas, often triggered by swallowing, talking, or coughing.

Both trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia can be debilitating and significantly impact a person's quality of life. The exact cause of these conditions is not always clear, but they are often associated with nerve compression by blood vessels or tumors, age-related changes in the nerves and blood vessels, multiple sclerosis, or other underlying medical conditions. Treatment options may include medications to manage pain, surgical procedures to decompress the affected nerves, or, in some cases, radiofrequency ablation or gamma knife radiosurgery to destroy a portion of the nerve and reduce pain signals.

Tryptamines are a class of organic compounds that contain a tryptamine skeleton, which is a combination of an indole ring and a ethylamine side chain. They are commonly found in nature and can be synthesized in the lab. Some tryptamines have psychedelic properties and are used as recreational drugs, such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin. Others have important roles in the human body, such as serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Tryptamines can also be found in some plants and animals, including certain species of mushrooms, toads, and catnip.

SUNCT syndrome, an acronym for Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing, is a rare and severe type of headache disorder. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense, one-sided (unilateral) head pain that typically lasts for a short duration (less than 5 minutes). The headaches are often described as stabbing or piercing and can be triggered by various stimuli such as touch, movement, or temperature changes.

In addition to the head pain, SUNCT syndrome is also associated with autonomic symptoms, including redness (conjunctival injection) and tearing of the eye on the same side as the headache. Other possible autonomic symptoms include sweating, nasal congestion, and pupil changes.

SUNCT syndrome can be challenging to diagnose and treat due to its rarity and severity. It is typically managed with a combination of medications, including anti-epileptic drugs, and in some cases, invasive procedures such as nerve blocks or neurostimulation may be considered.

A vascular headache is a type of headache that is primarily caused by disturbances in the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain and surrounding tissues. The two most common types of vascular headaches are migraines and cluster headaches.

Migraines are characterized by intense, throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances known as auras. They can last from several hours to days.

Cluster headaches, on the other hand, are characterized by severe, one-sided pain around the eye or temple that occurs in clusters, meaning they occur several times a day for weeks or months, followed by periods of remission. Cluster headaches are often accompanied by symptoms such as redness and tearing of the eye, nasal congestion, and sweating on the affected side of the face.

Other types of vascular headaches include toxic headaches caused by exposure to certain substances or drugs, and headaches associated with high blood pressure or other medical conditions that affect the blood vessels in the brain.

Analgesics are a class of drugs that are used to relieve pain. They work by blocking the transmission of pain signals in the nervous system, allowing individuals to manage their pain levels more effectively. There are many different types of analgesics available, including both prescription and over-the-counter options. Some common examples include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), and opioids such as morphine or oxycodone.

The choice of analgesic will depend on several factors, including the type and severity of pain being experienced, any underlying medical conditions, potential drug interactions, and individual patient preferences. It is important to use these medications as directed by a healthcare provider, as misuse or overuse can lead to serious side effects and potential addiction.

In addition to their pain-relieving properties, some analgesics may also have additional benefits such as reducing inflammation (like in the case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs) or causing sedation (as with certain opioids). However, it is essential to weigh these potential benefits against the risks and side effects associated with each medication.

When used appropriately, analgesics can significantly improve a person's quality of life by helping them manage their pain effectively and allowing them to engage in daily activities more comfortably.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is commonly used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. It works by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes in the body, including cyclooxygenase (COX), which plays a role in producing prostaglandins, chemicals involved in the inflammatory response.

Indomethacin is available in various forms, such as capsules, suppositories, and injectable solutions, and is used to treat a wide range of conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and bursitis. It may also be used to relieve pain and reduce fever in other conditions, such as dental procedures or after surgery.

Like all NSAIDs, indomethacin can have side effects, including stomach ulcers, bleeding, and kidney damage, especially when taken at high doses or for long periods of time. It may also increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Therefore, it is important to use indomethacin only as directed by a healthcare provider and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.

These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.

Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).

Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.

Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.

Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also simply referred to as depression, is a serious mental health condition characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a severely depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, accompanied by at least four additional symptoms such as significant changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

MDD can significantly impair an individual's ability to function in daily life, and it is associated with increased risks of suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health disorders. The exact cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants).

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Ohio" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terms, I would be happy to help answer those!

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which can result in a wide range of symptoms, including convulsions, loss of consciousness, and altered sensations or behaviors. Epilepsy can have many different causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infection, or stroke. In some cases, the cause may be unknown.

There are many different types of seizures that can occur in people with epilepsy, and the specific type of seizure will depend on the location and extent of the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Some people may experience only one type of seizure, while others may have several different types. Seizures can vary in frequency, from a few per year to dozens or even hundreds per day.

Epilepsy is typically diagnosed based on the patient's history of recurrent seizures and the results of an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures the electrical activity in the brain. Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans may also be used to help identify any structural abnormalities in the brain that may be contributing to the seizures.

While there is no cure for epilepsy, it can often be effectively managed with medication. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove the area of the brain responsible for the seizures. With proper treatment and management, many people with epilepsy are able to lead normal, productive lives.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

A "Teaching Hospital" is a healthcare institution that provides medical education and training to future healthcare professionals, such as medical students, residents, and fellows. These hospitals are often affiliated with medical schools or universities and have a strong focus on research and innovation in addition to patient care. They typically have a larger staff of specialized doctors and medical professionals who can provide comprehensive care for complex and rare medical conditions. Teaching hospitals also serve as important resources for their communities, providing access to advanced medical treatments and contributing to the development of new healthcare technologies and practices.

Nervous system diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. These diseases can affect various functions of the body, such as movement, sensation, cognition, and behavior. They can be caused by genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or tumors. Examples of nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, stroke, and neuroinfections like meningitis and encephalitis. The symptoms and severity of these disorders can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe and debilitating.

A "General Hospital" is a type of hospital that provides a broad range of medical and surgical services to a diverse patient population. It typically offers general medical care, emergency services, intensive care, diagnostic services (such as laboratory testing and imaging), and inpatient and outpatient surgical services. General hospitals may also have specialized departments or units for specific medical conditions or populations, such as pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, geriatrics, oncology, and mental health. They are usually staffed by a variety of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, therapists, and support personnel. General hospitals can be found in both urban and rural areas and may be operated by governmental, non-profit, or for-profit organizations.

They are a primary headache disorder of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias type. Diagnosis is based on symptoms. Recommended ... Friedman, Benjamin Wolkin; Grosberg, Brian Mitchell (2009). "Diagnosis and Management of the Primary Headache Disorders in the ... Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically ... Bartsch, Thorsten; Paemeleire, Koen; Goadsby, Peter J (2009). "Neurostimulation approaches to primary headache disorders". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_headache

"Primary Headache Disorders- Part 2: Tension-type headache and medication overuse headache". Disease-a-Month. 63 (12): 342-367. ... Tension headache, also known as stress headache, or tension-type headache (TTH), is the most common type of primary headache. ... "2. Tension-type headache (TTH)". ICHD-3 The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. Retrieved 2019-01- ... The International Headache Society's most current classification system for headache disorders is the International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_headache

Coleman ER, Grosberg BM, Robbins MS (2011). "Olfactory hallucinations in primary headache disorders: Case series and literature ... Grosberg and Robbins did a case study on patients with olfactory hallucinations and other primary headache disorders. In their ... Other olfactory disorders such as hyposmia and anosmia have been found to be a symptom of mood disorders (depression). However ... It can also be a symptom of certain mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, intoxication or withdrawal from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantosmia

... headache Primary cough headache Primary exertional headache Primary headache associated with sexual activity Hypnic headache ... altitude headache Diving headache Sleep apnoea headache Dialysis headache Headache attributed to arterial hypertension Headache ... disorder Headache attributed to disorder of ears Headache attributed to rhinosinusitis Headache attributed to disorder of teeth ... Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone Headache attributed to disorder of neck Cervicogenic headache Headache ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Headache_Disorders

Previously it was often misdiagnosed as different primary headache disorders such as migraine or tension headaches. Increasing ... Orthostatic headache is a medical condition in which a person develops a headache while vertical and the headache is relieved ... Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (2013). "The International Classification of Headache ... The resulting pain is a headache, and because the brain is more reliant on its buoyancy in an upright position the headache can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_headache

"Primary headaches, attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities in children and adolescents". The Journal of Headache ... In the United States and Canada, the terms learning disability and learning disorder (LD) refer to a group of disorders that ... When the term "learning disorder" is used, it describes a group of disorders characterized by inadequate development of ... The unknown factor is the disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive and process information. This disorder can make ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability

Headache Society's International Classification of Headache Disorders classifies hemicrania continua as a primary headache ... Hemicrania continua is considered a primary headache disorder, meaning that another condition does not cause it. In hemicrania ... During these exacerbation phases, hemicrania continua may mimic other primary and secondary headache disorders, with up to 70% ... ISBN 978-1-55009-265-3. "The International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd Edition (ICHD-2)" (PDF). the Headache ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicrania_continua

Primary headache, gastrointestinal disorders, treatment of anxiety and seizure disorders. In the US, the FDA has granted six ... clearances in headache for acute treatment of episodic cluster, prevention of cluster headache, acute treatment of migraine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Staats

... "primary" headaches: headache disorder, non-specific headache, idiopathic thunderclap headache or uncertain headache disorder. ... headaches-headache disorder, non-specific headache, idiopathic thunderclap headache, or uncertain headache disorder-the ... headaches: headache disorder, non-specific headache, idiopathic thunderclap headache or uncertain headache disorder. The ... Primary cough headache, primary exertional headache, and primary sexual headache The most important of the secondary causes are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderclap_headache

... migraine is a primary headache disorder along with tension-type headaches and cluster headaches, among others. Migraine is ... headache cluster headache tension headache trigeminal neuralgia "Headache disorders Fact sheet N°277". October 2012. Archived ... Gelfand AA, Goadsby PJ (September 2016). "The Role of Melatonin in the Treatment of Primary Headache Disorders". Headache ( ... Robbins MS, Lipton RB (April 2010). "The epidemiology of primary headache disorders". Seminars in Neurology. 30 (2): 107-19. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine

... is marketed as a combination formulation with paracetamol and caffeine for treatment of primary headache disorder. Case reports ... was introduced in 1951 for the treatment of rheumatic disorders. As it is structurally related to aminophenazone it has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propyphenazone

... since a single disorder is unlikely to exist.[citation needed] NDPH is classified as a Primary Headache Disorder by the ICHD-2 ... It is one of the types of primary headache syndromes that present as a chronic daily headache, which is a headache present for ... is a primary headache syndrome which can mimic chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. The headache is daily and ... It is not infrequent for NDPH to be an intractable headache disorder that is unresponsive to standard headache therapies. Li, D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_daily_persistent_headache

Among primary headaches, the International Classification of Headache Disorders distinguishes between tension headache (the ... Secondary headaches, meaning those caused by another disorder or trauma, should be promptly treated by a medical provider. ... primary source) Marx J (2006). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. Mosby/Elsevier. p. 2242. ISBN 978-0- ... Aspirin, either by itself or in a combined formulation, effectively treats certain types of a headache, but its efficacy may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin

Published reports from open-label studies have demonstrated possible efficacy of ONS in a variety of primary headache disorders ... headache on more than 15 days per month) and patients with what is known as "refractory headache" - headache that has not ... However, in primary headache syndromes, unlike in neuropathic pain, there can be a considerable delay of several weeks to ... Advances in the medical management of headache disorders have meant that a substantial proportion of patients can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine_treatment

... is also known as "ice-pick headache", is a primary headache disorder, so it is not caused by any other ... Since then, the disorder has been referred to as idiopathic stabbing headache. "Ice Pick Headaches - The Basics". Health ... WebMd article on Ice Pick Headaches Primary Stabbing Headaches (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... being a primary headache, but can be identified with other primary conditions. "As many as 40% of all individuals with ice pick ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmodynia_periodica

... to target pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide or its receptors for the treatment of primary headache disorders. ... A version of this gene has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women (but not men). This disorder ... Bertels Z, Pradhan AA (July 2019). "Emerging Treatment Targets for Migraine and Other Headaches". Headache. 59 Suppl 2 (S2): 50 ... 1992). "Primary structure and characterization of the precursor to human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenylate_cyclase-activating_peptide

... which terms this condition primary headache associated with sexual activity, it normally begins as a dull headache that ... According to the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), ... Sexual headache is a type of headache that occurs in the skull and neck during sexual activity, including masturbation or ... Anand, K. S.; Dhikav, V. (2009). "Primary headache associated with sexual activity" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 50 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_headache

... primary headache disorders, maternity, multiple sclerosis and vaccine-damaged children. In September 2008, Williams announced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Williams_(politician)

... of headaches are primary headaches. Most of these primary headaches are tension headaches. Most people with tension headaches ... Headaches caused by psychiatric disorders such as somatization or psychotic disorders are also classified as secondary ... Headaches are broadly classified as "primary" or "secondary". Primary headaches are benign, recurrent headaches not caused by ... The daily-persistent headaches along with the hypnic headache and thunderclap headaches are considered primary headaches as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headache

... mental disorders, and headache, although the latter may be just an unfounded myth. In modern eye surgery, a trephine instrument ... The primary theories for the practice of trepanation in ancient times include spiritual purposes and treatment for epilepsy, ... the false belief that these holes were drilled for the treatment of headaches or other neurological disorders started spreading ... especially since children are much less frequently affected by migraine and headache disorders than adults. Nevertheless, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepanning

The second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders lists diagnostic criteria for "Glossodynia and ... A burning sensation in the mouth may be primary (i.e. burning mouth syndrome) or secondary to systemic or local factors. Other ... "2nd Edition of The International Headache Classification (ICHD-2)". International Headache Society. Archived from the original ... BMS is more common in persons with Parkinson's disease, so it has been suggested that it is a disorder of reduced pain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_mouth_syndrome

... movement disorders, parkinsonism, seizures, headache) features and psychiatric (e.g. cognitive impairment, mood disorders, ... Primary or acquired drug resistance to this drug is very rare. Additional adjuvant chemotherapy may be necessary if a patients ... Primary familial brain calcification (see Fahr's syndrome) is a rare disease involving bilateral calcifications in the brain, ... Tadic V, Westenberger A, Domingo A, Alvarez-Fischer D, Klein C, Kasten M (2015). "Primary familial brain calcification with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDGFRB

Nestoriuc Y, Martin A, Rief W, Andrasik F (September 2008). "Biofeedback treatment for headache disorders: a comprehensive ... Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain. ... headache (migraine, mixed headache, and tension-type headache), low back pain, physical rehabilitation (cerebral palsy, ... anxiety disorders (including worry, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder), depression, migraine, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofeedback

Other common reasons are trauma, psychiatric disorders, and endocrinological disorders. Currently, routine clinical follow-up ... The most common reason for an initial MRI in these children was a headache. The first occurrence of a clinical event ... Of those who developed symptoms, 9.6% fulfilled criteria for primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Due to the ... Neurological disorders, Multiple sclerosis, Syndromes affecting the nervous system, Rare syndromes). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologically_isolated_syndrome

Nose disorders, Headaches, Inflammations, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ... Thomas M, Yawn BP, Price D, Lund V, Mullol J, Fokkens W (June 2008). "EPOS Primary Care Guidelines: European Position Paper on ... and these symptoms distinguish a sinus-related headache from other types of headaches, such as tension and migraine headaches. ... Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004). "The International Classification of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

... while medication only treats the symptoms of the disorder. "One of the primary reasons cited for the growing use of ... Nausea, dizziness, and headaches, other side effect, can also indirectly affect appetite and result in weight loss. There is ... Biederman, J; Spencer, T (November 1999). "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a Noradrenergic Disorder". ... August 2004). "Relative contribution of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_management

J Headache Pain 2019;29:95 (Link) Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, et al. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary ... Orofacial Pain: A Guide for the Headache Physician. Headache 2014;54:22-39 MacGregor EA. Contraception and Headache. Headache ... The Headache Under-Response to Treatment (HURT) Questionnaire: Assessment of utility in headache specialist care. Cephalalgia ... Headache in Pregnancy. Neurol Clin 2012;30:835-66 MacGregor EA. Classification of Perimenstrual Headache: Clinical Relevance. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_MacGregor

The two primary trials enrolled adults with narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness. Participants received pitolisant, ... Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that causes overwhelming daytime drowsiness. Pitolisant is also indicated to improve ... The most common side effects include insomnia, headache, nausea, anxiety, irritability, dizziness, depression, tremor, sleep ... disorders, tiredness, vomiting, vertigo, and dyspepsia (heartburn). Rare but serious side effects are abnormal loss of weight ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitolisant

... or other types of primary or secondary headache syndrome. Cluster-like head pain may be diagnosed as secondary headache rather ... There may be long delays of patients getting a correct diagnosis of this disorder. Delayed sleep phase disorder is often ... "IHS Classification ICHD-II 3.1 Cluster headache". The International Headache Society. Archived from the original on 3 November ... and have often asked for better physician education on sleep disorders. Cluster headaches are often misdiagnosed, mismanaged, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_error

... autoimmune neurologic disorders such as multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, brain injury, headache disorders like migraine, ... of Joint Commission-certified stroke centers has increased the role of neurologists in stroke care in many primary, as well as ... headaches, epilepsy, sleep disorders, chronic pain management, multiple sclerosis, or neuromuscular diseases. Some overlap also ... neuromuscular disorders, sleep medicine, pain management, or movement disorders. In the United States and Canada, neurologists ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology

... obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care" (PDF). International Journal of Psychiatry in ... Patients with GAD can sometimes present with symptoms such as insomnia or headaches as well as pain and interpersonal problems ... bipolar disorders, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, trauma- and stressor- ... related disorders, personality disorders, substance-related and addictive disorders, neurocognitive disorders". European ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_anxiety_disorder

Migraines are vascular headaches involving throbbing and pulsating pain caused by the activation of the nerve fibers that reside within the wall of brain blood vessels traveling within the meninges (the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. (hoglundlaw.com)
Cluster headaches are characterized by sudden headaches that occur in "clusters," are usually less frequent and shorter than migraines and may be mistaken for allergies because they often occur seasonally. (hoglundlaw.com)
Are you suffering from debilitating headaches and migraines? (hoglundlaw.com)
The pain is typically greater than in other headache conditions, including migraines, and is usually described as burning, stabbing, drilling or squeezing. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the prevalence of severe headaches or migraines is 20.7% in women and 9.7% in men. (nih.gov)
If severe headaches are thought to be tension-type headaches, the diagnosis should be reconsidered because severe tension-type headaches are often migraines. (merckmanuals.com)
He specializes in managing all forms of facial pain and headache, including migraines, cluster headaches, cervicogenic - or neck-related - headaches and post-traumatic headaches. (ucsfhealth.org)

Despite advancements in headache management over the last decade, a need for comprehensive evaluations of the status of primary headache disorders in China regarding diagnosis and preventative treatments persists. (biomedcentral.com)
While there has been progress made in the rate of correct diagnosis of primary headache disorders in China compared to a decade ago, the prevalence of misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment of primary headaches remains a veritable issue. (biomedcentral.com)
As such, focused efforts are essential to augment the diagnosis and preventive treatment measures related to primary headache disorders in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
Correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in reducing the detrimental impacts of headache disorders on patients. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the effectiveness of these initiatives have not been reevaluated concerning correct diagnosis and preventive treatment of primary headache disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
SSA will not establish the existence of a Primary Headache Disorder solely on a diagnosis or statement of symptoms. (hoglundlaw.com)
Reconsider the diagnosis of tension-type headache if headache is severe, particularly in a patient who has concomitant migraine or a history of prior migraine headaches. (merckmanuals.com)
The International Headache Society classification of chronic migraine was recently updated, and now allows co-diagnosis of chronic migraine and medication overuse headache. (nature.com)
Once you get the right diagnosis, migraine and cluster headaches can be treated and managed. (healthline.com)
If you think you're having sinus headaches , consider seeing your doctor to get a diagnosis. (healthline.com)
Nerve Conduction / EMG Clinic - we perform electrophysiological studies to assist in diagnosis neuromuscular disorders. (wits.ac.za)
To educate primary care physicians, neurologists and headache physicians on the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hypotension and hypertension, promote research for the study of these two disorders, and establish evidence‐based guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hypotension and hypertension. (americanheadachesociety.org)
A provisional diagnosis of leptospirosis was made, Deeral, Queensland, who was seen with headache, malaise, and she was treated with intravenous penicillin. (cdc.gov)
His research interests include cervicogenic headache, post-concussion headache and neurology education on headache diagnosis, which he believes is key to successful treatment. (ucsfhealth.org)
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cluster headaches. (adam.com)
The diagnosis of migraine variant is determined by a history of paroxysmal signs and symptoms with or without cephalalgia and a previous history of migraine with aura, in the absence of other medical disorders that may contribute to the symptoms. (medscape.com)
diagnosis differential, post-poliomyelitis syndrome, temporomandibular disorders. (bvsalud.org)

The meta-analysis included 28 observational studies with 154,739 persons in 19 countries that assessed the relationship between at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) and primary headache (including migraine , tension-type headache , cluster headache , and chronic/severe headache) at age 21 years or older. (medscape.com)
The state-of-the-art methods for the abortive and prophylactic treatment of tension-type headache, migraine and cluster headache are reviewed. (elsevierpure.com)
Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Peter Goadsby, Professor of Clinical Neurology at University College London, a leading researcher on the condition has commented: "Cluster headache is probably the worst pain that humans experience. (wikipedia.org)
I know that's quite a strong remark to make, but if you ask a cluster headache patient if they've had a worse experience, they'll universally say they haven't. (wikipedia.org)
Women with cluster headache will tell you that an attack is worse than giving birth. (wikipedia.org)
The typical symptoms of cluster headache include grouped occurrence and recurrence (cluster) of headache attack, severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain. (wikipedia.org)
Cluster headache attack is accompanied by at least one of the following autonomic symptoms: drooping eyelid, pupil constriction, redness of the conjunctiva, tearing, runny nose and less commonly, facial blushing, swelling, or sweating, typically appearing on the same side of the head as the pain. (wikipedia.org)
Cluster headache is another primary headache disorder that causes pain on one side of the head. (healthline.com)
Cluster Headaches A cluster headache causes severe pain that is felt at the temple or around the eye on one side of the head and that lasts a relatively short time (usually 30 minutes to 1 hour). (msdmanuals.com)
Acute and Preventive Treatment Prescribed for Cluster Headache - formulate a treatment strategy to decrease attack burden, frequency and severity. (americanheadachesociety.org)
Cluster headache attacks occur very suddenly and without warning, with the pain peaking within 15 minutes. (adam.com)
A new injectable drug (galcanezumab, Emgality) has recently been approved by the FDA for episodic cluster headache prevention. (adam.com)
People should also identify and avoid any triggers, such as alcohol use and cigarette smoking, which may provoke cluster headache attacks. (adam.com)
Many people with cluster headache experience at least a 5-year delay in having their symptoms correctly diagnosed as cluster headache. (adam.com)
Most cluster headache attacks occur between early evening and early morning hours, with a peak time of midnight to 3 a.m. (adam.com)
About 90% of people with cluster headache experience episodic cycles. (adam.com)
Cluster headache attacks tend to occur with great regularity at the same time of day. (adam.com)
Hyper- or normobaric oxygen therapy has valure in the treatment of migraine and cluster headache pain. (greenmedinfo.com)

Cite this: Childhood Trauma Linked to Adult Headache - Medscape - Oct 31, 2023. (medscape.com)
People who have experienced traumatic events in childhood such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction may be more likely to experience headache disorders as adults, according to a meta-analysis published in the October 25, 2023, online issue of Neurology ® , the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. (sciencedaily.com)
He received the 2023 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Headache Cooperative of New England. (ucsfhealth.org)
MONTREAL, Oct. 19, 2023 - Africa currently experiences some of the most extreme shortages of neurologists and health care funding and some of the highest rates of disability due to neurological disorders in the world. (wfneurology.org)

Her areas of interest include movement disorders and vascular neurology. (wits.ac.za)
This conference is designed to provide primary care practitioners with up-to-date, evidence-based information on commonly encountered issues in Cardiology, Emergency Medicine and Neurology, while suggesting pragmatic approaches to clinical management. (mceconferences.com)
Headache®: The Journal of Head and Face Pain recently published Quality Improvement in Neurology: Headache Quality Measurement Set . (americanheadachesociety.org)
The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the American Headache Society (AHS) formed a work group of team members that care for patients with headache to provide an update for quality measure for headache. (americanheadachesociety.org)
To provide an update for quality measures for headache, first published by the American Academy of Neurology in 2015, that were created to provide a standard to measure and improve care for patients with headache disorders. (americanheadachesociety.org)
He completed a residency in neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, followed by subspecialty training at the Montefiore Headache Center and Michigan Headache and Neurological Institute. (ucsfhealth.org)
Dr. Augustina Charway-Felli, president of the African Academy of Neurology, recently proposed a plan for addressing these disparities by emphasizing regional training to increase the number of neurologists throughout Africa and prioritizing education for primary care providers and non-specialists. (wfneurology.org)
Additionally, Dr. Charway-Felli called for expanding dedicated disease training for primary healthcare providers, non-neurologists and healthcare personnel on conditions that disproportionately impact low and middle-income countries where specialized neurology care is unavailable. (wfneurology.org)
Very few pain therapeutics have made it to the clinic, despite strong efficacy in animal models, so our goal was to analyze human tissue to look for new targets for headache and facial pain treatment," said William Renthal, MD, PhD, director of research, John R. Graham Headache Center, department of neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital. (genengnews.com)
Variables related to primary care physicians' training on neurology and headache. (elsevier.es)
We collected sociodemographic data and information on previous training in neurology and headache, and training needs. (elsevier.es)

The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III) classifies headaches. (nih.gov)
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. (springer.com)
Although 65.4% spent more time with patients with headache than with other patients, only 32.7% used the International Classification of Headache Disorders. (elsevier.es)
The International Classification of Headaches Disorders proposed specific diagnostic criteria for this entity. (druglib.com)

Primary headaches differ from secondary headaches because they occur independently and are not symptoms of another medical condition such as fever, infection, high blood pressure, stroke or tumors. (hoglundlaw.com)
Primary Headaches are diagnosed after a physician has excluded other medical or psychiatric causes for these symptoms. (hoglundlaw.com)
It is helpful to a physician when a person keeps a "headache journal" to document when the headaches occur, how long they last, what symptoms are associated with the headaches, and other co-occurring environmental factors. (hoglundlaw.com)
They must consider and discuss the limiting effects of the Primary Headache Disorder and any related symptoms when assessing a person's RFC. (hoglundlaw.com)
For example, symptoms of a primary headache, such as photophobia, may cause a person to have difficulty sustaining attention and concentration. (hoglundlaw.com)
A headache behind your eyes and nasal passages can be due to allergies , such as hay fever , which can also produce symptoms similar to that of the common cold. (healthline.com)
A hemicrania continua headache and a migraine may cause similar symptoms. (clevelandclinic.org)
Unlike many types of headache disorders, environmental factors like stress or lack of sleep don't trigger symptoms. (clevelandclinic.org)
From headache and diarrhea symptoms, we delve into the depth of clinical implications and scientific findings that shed light on this intriguing correlation. (healthcanal.com)
Migraine headache attacks often involve gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, hinting at potential ties between these discomforts. (healthcanal.com)
Clinical studies suggest that gastrointestinal disorders [3] like irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel syndrome like Crohn's disease [4] may have both as symptoms. (healthcanal.com)
The headaches are not associated with any other symptoms. (headaches.org)
Moreover, studies that aimed to develop new intervention approaches also applied neuroimaging techniques to associate the changes of brain responses with the changes of headache symptoms, exploring a deeper understanding of the treatment mechanism thus facilitating treatment protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
In comparing lifetime blast exposure at baseline (prior to exposure in current training), and top associated symptoms, we identified significant DMRs associated with tinnitus, sleep difficulties, and headache. (frontiersin.org)
It is not a disease but a syndrome that is characterized by paroxysmal headache associated with other signs and symptoms. (medscape.com)
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are usually diagnosed by means of comprehensive review of patient history and clinical examination and the symptoms are pain/ discomfort in the jaw, mainly in the region of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and/or masticatory muscles, limitation of mandibular function and/or TMJ sounds. (bvsalud.org)

Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). (springer.com)

Our meta-analysis confirms that childhood traumatic events are important risk factors for headache disorders in adulthood, including migraine, tension headaches, cluster headaches, and chronic or severe headaches. (sciencedaily.com)

Some medications used to treat hypertension can cause headaches as a side effect, but not because of their effects on blood pressure. (greatist.com)
On the other hand, low blood pressure (aka hypotension) from common problems such as dehydration or even blood loss due to menstruation can commonly cause headaches and lightheadedness. (greatist.com)
Fever can cause headaches, as can many infections that do not specifically involve the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
Contrary to what most people think, eye strain and high blood pressure (except for extremely high blood pressure) do not typically cause headaches. (msdmanuals.com)
Can Diarrhea Cause Headaches? (healthcanal.com)

Therefore, we built an inquiry into our recent Survey of Fibromyalgia Comorbidity with Headache (SEARCH) study, designed to assess fibromyalgia's prevalence and clinical features in Chinese hospital patients with primary headache disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Tension-type headache (TTH) represents one of the most costly diseases because of its very high prevalence. (medscape.com)
The prevalence of headaches tends to peak between the ages of 25 to 40 and decreases with age in both sexes. (nih.gov)
It remains unclear whether regional differences in headache prevalence exist. (nih.gov)
Hanashiro S, Takazawa T, Kawase Y, Ikeda K. Prevalence and clinical hallmarks of primary exercise headache in middle-age Japanese on health check-up. (springer.com)
Primary headache disorders in the Republic of Georgia Prevalence and risk factors. (nature.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine if there is any correlation between nasal and septum mucosa contact and the prevalence of headache. (druglib.com)

Hemicrania continua is a headache disorder. (clevelandclinic.org)
Hemicrania continua causes persistent headaches that rarely or never go away. (clevelandclinic.org)
The primary symptom of hemicrania continua is pain concentrated on one side of your face. (clevelandclinic.org)
These syndromes should also be differentiated from other primary headache disorders, such as stabbing headache, thunderclap headaches, hypnic headaches and hemicrania continua, and primary headache syndromes associated with physical activity (eg, exertional headaches, cough headaches, and headaches associated with sexual activity). (medscape.com)
Hemicrania continua is a chronic, ongoing headache almost always affects the same side of your face and head. (webmd.com)

TTH is the most common type of headache, and it is classified as episodic (ETTH) or chronic (CTTH). (medscape.com)
The International Headache Society (IHS) defines TTH more precisely and differentiates between the episodic and the chronic types. (medscape.com)
Episodic tension-type headaches occur (merckmanuals.com)
Migraine Migraine is an episodic primary headache disorder. (merckmanuals.com)
Episodic headaches may last 30 minutes to several days. (merckmanuals.com)
Our goal is to alleviate the pain in these patients as well as those patients with more episodic, but equally disruptive, headaches-restoring a sense of well-being and returning the patient to acceptable functional status. (clevelandclinic.org)
A 14-strain probiotic mixture could be an effective and beneficial supplement to improve migraine headache in both chronic and episodic migraineurs. (greenmedinfo.com)

Medication overuse headache (MOH) affected 8.1% (231/2,868) of individuals with primary headache disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Headache disorders, particularly migraine, TTH, and medication overuse headaches (MOH), are highly prevalent worldwide, and have the potential to cause significant disability, reduced quality of life, impaired productivity, as well as a significant economic burden on both individuals and society [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Medication Overuse Headache A medication overuse (rebound) headache occurs when people who take too many headache medications have a headache for more than 15 days a month for more than 3 months. (msdmanuals.com)

The misdiagnosis of "Nervous headache" was found to be the most prevalent among individuals with migraine (9.9%, 211/2,124), TTH (10.0%, 67/668), trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) (17.9%, 10/56), and other primary headache disorders (10.0%, 2/20) respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
They are a primary headache disorder of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias type. (wikipedia.org)
Migraine variants should be differentiated from trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, which include cluster headaches, paroxysmal hemicrania, and syndrome of neuralgiform conjunctival injection and tearing. (medscape.com)

An extensive body of literature supports the theory of migraine as a systemic vascular inflammatory disorder characterised by endothelial dysfunction. (iasp-pain.org)

This article reviews the revised diagnostic criteria for primary exercise headache (PEH) and discusses recent research into the clinical presentation, epidemiology, pathophysiology, suggested workup, and treatment of this condition. (springer.com)
Clinical features Vågå study of headache epidemiology. (springer.com)
Pascual J, Gonzalez-Mandly A, Martin R, Oterino A. Headaches precipitated by cough, prolonged exercise or sexual activity: a prospective etiological and clinical study. (springer.com)
Primary cough headache, primary exertional headache, and primary headache associated with sexual activity: a clinical and radiological study. (springer.com)
Ran Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Dong Z, Yu S. Laugh-induced headache: clinical features and literature review. (springer.com)
Clinical and an extensive screen for primary vasculitides and pro- features are fever, headache, and myalgia. (cdc.gov)
The investigators propose to refine the clinical definition and suggest a novel mechanism underlying new daily persistent headache (NDPH) in adolescents. (childrenshospital.org)

The more likely cause of these headaches is believed now to be abnormal neuronal sensitivity and pain facilitation, not abnormal muscle contraction. (medscape.com)
Tension-type headaches are characterized by pain in the head, scalp, face, jaw, or neck and are usually associated with muscle tightness. (hoglundlaw.com)
Headache, or pain in any part of the head, is a nearly universal ailment. (nih.gov)
Tension-type headache causes mild generalized pain (usually viselike) without the incapacity, nausea, or photophobia associated with migraine. (merckmanuals.com)
Approach to the Patient With Headache Headache is pain in any part of the head, including the scalp, face (including the orbitotemporal area), and interior of the head. (merckmanuals.com)
The pain of a tension-type headache is usually mild to moderate and often described as viselike. (merckmanuals.com)
J Headache Pain. (springer.com)
But the location of your headache can actually help tip you off to the cause of that persistent and annoying pain. (greatist.com)
What's the cause of your headache pain? (greatist.com)
The location of your head pain can be an important clue in determining what type of headache you have and the potential remedies. (healthline.com)
With a tension headache, pain and pressure may extend to your neck, and you may also feel pain and tenderness around your forehead. (healthline.com)
These headaches often come on suddenly and the pain usually becomes severe within about 10 minutes of starting. (healthline.com)
These headaches usually turn out to be migraine, which can cause pain over the sinuses. (healthline.com)
A back of the head headache, often accompanied by neck pain , can also be a sign of a low-pressure headache, otherwise known as spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). (healthline.com)
A headache is pain in any part of the head, including the scalp, upper neck, face, and interior of the head. (msdmanuals.com)
Migraine headaches manifest as intense, pulsating pain, often on one side of the head, accompanied by sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes odors. (healthcanal.com)
Tension-type headaches manifest as a dull, aching pain with a sensation that feels like a tight band tied around the head. (healthcanal.com)
Cluster headaches [7] are intense, excruciating pain usually focused around one eye. (healthcanal.com)
More than 70 percent of Americans will suffer headache pain severe enough to compel them to seek medical attention at some point during their lifetimes. (clevelandclinic.org)
The Role of Pain Inflexibility and Acceptance among Headache and Temporomandibular Disorders Patients. (nih.gov)
The pain in hypnic headache is usually localized in the front of the head but occasionally affects the sides of the head or the entire head. (headaches.org)
Our finding, that 5-HT 1D receptors are distributed in nociceptors throughout the body, raises the possibility that triptans can regulate not only headache-associated pain but also nociceptive responses in extracranial tissues. (jneurosci.org)
Treatment of cluster headaches focuses on relieving pain when attacks occur, and on preventive strategies to reduce attack duration and frequency. (adam.com)
The pain can be so excruciating that they are sometimes referred to as "suicide headaches. (adam.com)
New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache disorder characterized by the daily and unremitting headache pain patients experience with a distinct onset. (childrenshospital.org)
New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache disorder characterized by continuous pain experienced for at least 3 months from distinct onset. (childrenshospital.org)
With this analgesic property, it has been speculated that low-dose naltrexone may be an effective treatment for the management of several chronic pain conditions, including headache. (childrenshospital.org)
Additionally, we found that differentially methylated regions associated with the genes CCDC68 and COMT track with sleep difficulties, and those within FMOD and TNXB track with pain and headache. (frontiersin.org)
This trigeminal ganglion cell atlas improves our understanding of the cell types, genes, and epigenomic features involved in headache pathophysiology and establishes a rich resource of cell-type-specific molecular features to guide the development of more selective treatments for headache and facial pain," concluded the researchers. (genengnews.com)
Migraine headaches are often described as pounding, throbbing pain. (webmd.com)
The pain can be so bad that most people with cluster headaches can't sit still and will often pace during an attack. (webmd.com)
With sinus headaches , you feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or on the bridge of your nose. (webmd.com)
These disorders have been identified as a major cause of nondental pain in the orofacial region, and are considered to be a subclassification of musculoskeletal disorders 11-13 . (bvsalud.org)
Orofacial pain and TMD can be associated with pathologic conditions or with disorders related to somatic and neurologic structures, such as primary headache disorders and rarely have a solitary cause and numerous factors have been implicated 15 . (bvsalud.org)

Recognition, evaluation, and appropriate management of these dangerous secondary headaches are critical to preventing long-term disability or death. (nih.gov)
Secondary headaches are the result of other underlying pathology. (nih.gov)
Secondary headaches, however, often demonstrate a causative factor for the headaches on neuroimaging. (chiropractic-ecu.org)
Secondary headaches. (greatist.com)
Secondary headaches may be a symptom of underlying conditions like infections or trauma. (healthcanal.com)

Quality of life and disability in primary chronic daily headaches. (nature.com)
A small but substantial minority of patients experience chronic daily or near daily headaches, which significantly impacts the quality of their lives and the lives of their families. (clevelandclinic.org)
You have daily headaches. (webmd.com)

Genetic overlap between temporomandibular disorders and primary headaches: A systematic review. (nih.gov)
The secondary aims of this study - among those reviews which were registered - are to identify: (1) how many primary outcomes are discrepant or discordant with those reported in PROSPERO/published protocol and the completed systematic review, (2) how many outcomes were completely specified in the published protocol, and (3) how frequently was the PRISMA checklist used to report published systematic reviews. (bmj.com)

Primary headache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide. (elsevierpure.com)

Most headaches are benign, and most patients can be safely treated and discharged with minimal workup. (nih.gov)
This activity describes the assessment and medical management of headaches in the emergency department and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in assessing and appropriately treating patients with this chief complaint, with specific emphasis on differentiating benign from concerning presentations. (nih.gov)
Summarize interprofessional team strategies for the identification of life-threatening versus benign causes of headaches to improve patient outcomes. (nih.gov)
[1] While most headaches are benign (96%), recognizing less common, emergent causes of headaches is critical, as a timely intervention may be life-saving. (nih.gov)
Although secondary causes must be excluded, most cases of exercise headache are benign, idiopathic, and self-limited. (springer.com)
Rooke ED. Benign exertional headache. (springer.com)
Also, the fact that Mary has had a nightly headache for the past five years without any change in the pattern usually suggests a benign cause. (headaches.org)
There are a number of primary (benign) headaches that may have their onset during sleep, most notably cluster and migraine headaches, but these headaches usually begin much earlier in life. (headaches.org)
The treatment of this syndrome begins with reassurance as these headaches, although painful and disruptive of sleep, are nonetheless benign. (headaches.org)
Although headaches beginning for the first time after age 50 may be attributable to a serious cause, hypnic headache syndrome is actually a benign headache disorder that affects older patients. (headaches.org)
Benign coital headache has a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. (medscape.com)

Migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH) constituted a majority of the primary headache disorders, accounting for 74.1% (2,124/2,868) and 23.3% (668/2,868) of the participants, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
SSR 19-4p notes that primary headache disorders and among the most common disorders of the nervous system and examples include migraine headaches, tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches. (hoglundlaw.com)
Chronic tension-type headaches occur ≥ 15 days/month. (merckmanuals.com)
tension-type headaches are not accompanied by nausea and vomiting and are not made worse by physical activity, light, sounds, or smells. (merckmanuals.com)
Potential triggers for chronic tension-type headache should be identified and treated. (merckmanuals.com)
these headaches have only some features of migraine and resemble tension-type headache, but they are mild and respond to migraine-specific medications. (merckmanuals.com)
particularly amitriptyline , can help prevent chronic tension-type headache. (merckmanuals.com)
For most mild to moderate tension-type headaches, OTC analgesics (eg, aspirin , acetaminophen ) can provide relief. (merckmanuals.com)
Tension-type headaches can lead to discomfort on both sides of the head and the back of the neck. (healthcanal.com)
The most common types of primary headaches are migraine and tension-type . (adam.com)

Cluster headaches are named for the occurrence of groups of headache attacks (clusters). (wikipedia.org)
Cluster headaches tend to occur in cycles or, as the name suggests, "clusters. (healthline.com)
These headaches occur in clusters or cycles and are often severe, with burning or piercing sensations. (healthcanal.com)

In one study, plasma levels of substance P, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were found to be normal in patients with CTTH and unrelated to the headache state. (medscape.com)
Clinicians who treat primary headaches in adults "should routinely screen for ACEs, educate patients on the connection between ACEs and health, and provide referrals for treatment strategies," the investigators write. (medscape.com)
[2] The primary role of the emergency provider (EP) is to carefully analyze specific aspects of the history and physical exam to determine which patients are at risk for serious underlying pathology. (nih.gov)
Headache is one of the most common reasons patients seek medical. (merckmanuals.com)
A secondary cause is thought to be present infrequently, but should be explored in all patients with a first or atypical presentation of exercise headache. (springer.com)
Incompetence of internal jugular valve in patients with exertional headache: a risk factor? (springer.com)
Patients can suffer from a variety of headache disorders. (clevelandclinic.org)
The first goal is to refer patients to appropriate medical or surgical colleagues if their headaches may be signs of other medical problems. (clevelandclinic.org)
When no medical cause is found, as is the case with the majority of patients who have developed primary headache disorders, the goal is to tailor a regimen that effectively reduces the frequency and severity of headaches. (clevelandclinic.org)
The infusion suite successfully functions as a site where patients can be detoxified from medications that perpetuate headaches. (clevelandclinic.org)
Combined with innovative approaches developed at Cleveland Clinic, the headache team has successfully treated many chronic headache patients as outpatients. (clevelandclinic.org)
Blood was obtained from 11 FMA patients at baseline and during the headache phase of migraine, as well as from 8 healthy age-matched female controls. (iasp-pain.org)
These techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG), have been used to study abnormal brain functions and structures in patients with different types of headaches. (biomedcentral.com)
It was a major motivation to create a practice centered on headache-it wasn't financial, but to create a place where patients can be served better. (healthecareers.com)
The headache quality measure was first published by the AAN in 2015 to provide a standard to measure and improve care for patients with headache disorders. (americanheadachesociety.org)
Clinicians can use these patient-centered tools in their everyday practice when assessing and treating patients with headache disorders. (americanheadachesociety.org)
One study reported that about 70% of CFS patients, 85% of persons with miscellaneous other disorders, and 12% of healthy persons had antibodies against this virus, suggesting that persons with a variety of illnesses may have secondarily increased HHV-6 titers. (cdc.gov)
Isolated migraine aura without headache (acephalalgic migraine) may be encountered in 5% of patients. (medscape.com)
PC physicians are in frequent contact with patients with headache and show interest in receiving training on this condition. (elsevier.es)
In the 80 s and 90's few papers, with limited number of patients, have proposed the association between nasal septum contact and headache. (druglib.com)
With the major use of CT scans, the contact between nasal mucosa and septum is daily observed in many patients without complaint of headache. (druglib.com)
The standard headache cocktail-a neuroleptic agent, ketorolac , diphenhydramine , and dexamethasone -is ingrained as the most effective first-line approach for alleviating migraine and tension headaches in the majority of patients. (medscape.com)

This type of headache can be brought on by intense physical activities, causing that throbbing sensation. (greatist.com)
In fact, it's estimated that about half to three quarters of adults have experienced some type of headache within the last year. (healthline.com)
This type of headache tends to last a few hours, but can linger for days. (healthline.com)
This type of headache can also be due to poor posture or neck problems such as a herniated disc . (healthline.com)
This type of headache can occur following a lumbar puncture . (healthline.com)
Once you know the type of headache you have, you and your doctor can find the treatment that's most likely to help and even try to prevent them. (webmd.com)
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache among adults and teens. (webmd.com)
You have this type of headache 15 days or more a month for longer than 3 months. (webmd.com)

Cluster headaches are recurring bouts of severe unilateral headache attacks. (wikipedia.org)
Migraine is a primary headache disorder that causes recurrent attacks. (healthline.com)
The number of headache attacks varies from patient to patient. (headaches.org)

This cross-sectional study encompassed adults diagnosed with primary headache disorders who sought treatment at 23 hospitals across China between September 2020 to May 2021. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic headache, which means 15 or more headache days every month, affects between 1.7 to 4 percent of adults. (healthline.com)
People who have experienced traumatic events in childhood such as abuse, neglect or household dysfunction may be more likely to experience headache disorders as adults, according to a meta-analysis. (sciencedaily.com)

The most important factors when applying for Disability due to a Primary Headache Disorder is to document when they occur along with the intensity and length of the episode, treat regularly with a physician (preferably a Neurologist), and go through various treatments to try and help with the condition. (hoglundlaw.com)
The infusion suite is a treatment room devoted to intravenous infusions specific for headaches and multiple sclerosis treatments. (clevelandclinic.org)
This thematic series aims to provide a collection of papers addressing the novel pathophysiology and developing neuroimaging-guided treatments for headache disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
The new findings may pave the way for treatments beyond migraine headaches, including post-concussive headaches or cluster headaches. (genengnews.com)

Headache disorders are widely prevalent and pose a considerable economic burden on individuals and society. (biomedcentral.com)

Red flags for potential secondary causes may include older age at onset and more prolonged headache duration. (springer.com)
In an older person, new-onset headaches may be the result of a serious disorder such as a brain tumor, stroke, or inflammation of the arteries of the head (a condition called giant cell arteritis). (headaches.org)
New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by daily and persistent sudden onset headaches. (biomedcentral.com)

The development of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques has significantly advanced our understanding of headache pathophysiology. (biomedcentral.com)
Advanced neuroimaging techniques have extensively contributed to elucidate the complex mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of migraine, a neurovascular disorder characterized by episodes of headache as. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroimaging studies have made an important contribution to our understanding of headache pathophysiology. (biomedcentral.com)

The brain functional network topology in new daily persistent headache (NDPH) is not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this study is to investigate low-dose naltrexone for the treatment of new daily persistent headache (NDPH) in adolescents ages 10-17. (childrenshospital.org)

In the present study, we analyzed the established queries in the Survey of Fibromyalgia Comorbidity with Headache (SEARCH), focusing on previous diagnoses and preventative treatment regimens for primary headache disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Cluster headaches have been recently associated with obstructive sleep apnea comorbidity. (wikipedia.org)
Alcohol Use as a Comorbidity and Precipitant of Primary Headache: Review and Meta-analysis. (umassmed.edu)

Temporomandibular disorders, sleep bruxism, and primary headaches are mutually associated. (bvsalud.org)
The term "temporomandibular disorders" (TMD) has been used as a collective term that involve the masticatory musculature, the TMJs and associated structures, or both. (bvsalud.org)

TTH is the most common primary headache syndrome. (medscape.com)
Review the etiology of common causes of headaches. (nih.gov)
In addition to diagnosing and managing life-threatening causes of headaches, the EP must be well versed in treating common primary headache disorders, as proper management of the natural course of the disease may improve patient outcomes. (nih.gov)
Here are some of the causes behind common headache hangouts. (greatist.com)
Severe, uncontrolled high blood pressure , often called malignant hypertension, can contribute to headaches, although high blood pressure is not a common cause of headaches. (greatist.com)
Headaches are very common. (healthline.com)
Let's take a closer look at the most common types of headaches based on location, as well as when it's important to seek medical care. (healthline.com)
This often indicates a tension headache , the most common primary headache disorder. (healthline.com)
Headaches are one of the most common reasons people visit a doctor. (msdmanuals.com)
Cluster headaches are among the most painful, and least common, of all headaches. (adam.com)
Basilar migraine and migraine aura without headaches are more common in women than in men. (medscape.com)
Headache is the most common complaint to neurologists. (druglib.com)
I recently came across an article by Dr Rick Pescatore in Emergency Medicine News [ 1 ] related to the use of low-dose propofol to treat headache in the ED. It immediately caught my attention because treating migraine and other types of headache is a common part of emergency medicine practice. (medscape.com)
Mental, neurological and substance use disorders include common mental health conditions such as depressive and anxiety disorders, severe mental disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and, common among children, conduct disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity and developmental disorders. (who.int)

[ 2 ] The patient may experience more than one primary headache syndrome. (medscape.com)
Hypnic headache syndrome is a rare, sleep-related, primary headache disorder that usually begins after 50 years of age. (headaches.org)
In fact, because of this unique pattern, this syndrome has been referred to as the "alarm-clock" headache. (headaches.org)

People often wonder if they can receive Social Security Disability benefits solely for having headaches without any underlying medical condition being the cause of them. (hoglundlaw.com)
Headache can be a symptom of many underlying pathologies, some of which can lead to severe disability and mortality. (nih.gov)
Headache is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting more than 50% global population. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest neurobiological mechanisms behind auditory injuries in our military warfighters and are particularly relevant given tinnitus is not only a primary disability among veterans, but has also been demonstrated in active duty medical records for populations exposed to blast in training. (frontiersin.org)
The goal of the framework is to promote mental well-being, prevent mental disorders, provide care, enhance recovery, promote human rights and reduce mortality, morbidity and disability among persons with mental disorders. (who.int)

Hypnic headaches occur at a consistent time each night, usually between 1 and 3 A.M., and may, in rare instances, occur during a daytime nap. (headaches.org)
Other agents that have been reported to effectively treat hypnic headache include bedtime doses of caffeine (40-60 mg tablet or as a cup of coffee) and indomethacin. (headaches.org)

Cluster headaches are one of the most painful types of headache. (adam.com)

draft intersectoral global action plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders. (who.int)

Childhood trauma increases the risk of developing a primary headache disorder in adulthood, with more early adverse experiences raising the risk even more, a new study found. (medscape.com)
This meta-analysis highlights that childhood traumatic events categorized as threat or deprivation traumas are important and independent risk factors for headache disorders in adulthood," said Kreatsoulas. (sciencedaily.com)

In headache syndromes, these techniques should open new ways for targeting the neural substrates at the basis of the diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

There is evidence that chiropractic care, including spinal manipulation, improves migraine and cervicogenic headaches. (greenmedinfo.com)

However, true sinus headaches tend to be rare. (healthline.com)

Rabiee B, Mohammadinejad P, Kordi R, Yunesian M. The epidemiology of exertional headache in the population of Tehran, Iran. (springer.com)

Exertional headache-II. (springer.com)
Exertional headache-a survey of 1963 adolescents. (springer.com)

Paroxysmal hemicrania causes repeated, sudden headaches. (clevelandclinic.org)

Globally, misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment of primary headache disorders remain significant challenges, impeding the effective management of such conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Gladstone, JP & Dodick, DW 2003, ' Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders ', Expert review of neurotherapeutics , vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 845-872. (elsevierpure.com)
Dodick, David W. / Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders . (elsevierpure.com)
Describe a management strategy for the treatment of headaches in the emergency department. (nih.gov)
If you've recently had this procedure and develop a headache, see your doctor as soon as possible for treatment. (healthline.com)
Identifying the specific types of childhood experiences may help guide prevention and treatment strategies for one of the leading disabling disorders worldwide. (sciencedaily.com)
Each headache lasts one to two hours and then spontaneously resolves even without treatment. (headaches.org)
Primary care physicians can use these measures to help make appropriate diagnoses, adjustments to lifestyle practices, formulate acute treatment plans and prevention strategies. (americanheadachesociety.org)
They further aim to investigate low-dose naltrexone for the treatment of new daily persistent headache. (childrenshospital.org)
5-HTP shows promise in the treatment of chronic primary headache. (greenmedinfo.com)
Primary purpose: Treatment. (who.int)
12. Subject has been diagnosed with any major infectious processes such as osteomyelitis, or primary or secondary malignancies involving the face that have been active or required treatment in the past 6 months. (who.int)

Though CH is strictly unilateral, there are some documented cases of "side-shift" between cluster periods, or, rarely, simultaneous (within the same cluster period) bilateral cluster headaches. (wikipedia.org)
A headache behind your eyes is rarely related to eyestrain. (healthline.com)
Although headaches can be painful and distressing, they are rarely due to a serious condition. (msdmanuals.com)

They also tested an underlying biological theory that threat and deprivation ACEs may manifest differently in neurodevelopment, with distinct impacts on primary headaches. (medscape.com)

Women with migraine typically report headaches before or during their period. (greatist.com)
An occasional tension headache doesn't typically require medical attention. (healthline.com)

Tension headaches are caused by muscle contractions in your head and neck. (healthline.com)
A tension headache can be caused by stress or neck problems. (healthline.com)

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Headache pain. (1/73)

Application of ICHD 2nd edition criteria for primary headaches with the aid of a computerised, structured medical record for the specialist. (2/73)

Osmophobia in primary headaches. (3/73)

Attachment styles and headache. (4/73)

Primary headache in Emergency Department: prevalence, clinical features and therapeutical approach. (5/73)

Nontraumatic headache in the Emergency Department: a survey in the province of Trieste. (6/73)

Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in a large series of patients with migraine with aura, migraine without aura and cluster headache, and relationship with clinical phenotype. (7/73)

Psychiatric comorbidity and chronicisation in primary headache. (8/73)

No images available that match "headache disorders primary"

Headache Disorders

Headache Disorders, Primary

Headache

Migraine Disorders

Headache Disorders, Secondary

Cluster Headache

Tension-Type Headache

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Migraine without Aura

Migraine with Aura

Neurology

Facial Neuralgia

Tryptamines

SUNCT Syndrome

Vascular Headaches

Analgesics

Questionnaires

Indomethacin

Bipolar Disorder

Mental Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Mood Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Depressive Disorder, Major

Ohio

Epilepsy

Retrospective Studies

Hospitals, Teaching

Nervous System Diseases

Hospitals, General

Headache pain. (1/73)

Application of ICHD 2nd edition criteria for primary headaches with the aid of a computerised, structured medical record for the specialist. (2/73)

Osmophobia in primary headaches. (3/73)

Attachment styles and headache. (4/73)

Primary headache in Emergency Department: prevalence, clinical features and therapeutical approach. (5/73)

Nontraumatic headache in the Emergency Department: a survey in the province of Trieste. (6/73)

Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in a large series of patients with migraine with aura, migraine without aura and cluster headache, and relationship with clinical phenotype. (7/73)

Psychiatric comorbidity and chronicisation in primary headache. (8/73)

Cluster headache

Tension headache

Phantosmia

International Classification of Headache Disorders

Orthostatic headache

Learning disability

Hemicrania continua

Peter Staats

Thunderclap headache

Migraine

Propyphenazone

New daily persistent headache

Aspirin

Migraine treatment

Ophthalmodynia periodica

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide

Sexual headache

Betty Williams (politician)

Headache

Trepanning

Burning mouth syndrome

PDGFRB

Biofeedback

Radiologically isolated syndrome

Sinusitis

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management

Anne MacGregor

Pitolisant

Medical error

Neurology

Generalized anxiety disorder

Migraines7

Diagnosis17

Cluster headache19

20234

Neurology11

International Classification4

Symptoms16

Classification1

Severe headaches1

Cause headaches5

Prevalence7