General or unspecified injuries to the heart.
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.
Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.
Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.
An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.
The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.
Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.
The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).
General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.
A species of CHLAMYDOPHILA that causes acute respiratory infection, especially atypical pneumonia, in humans, horses, and koalas.
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Catheter-induced mechanical trauma to accessory pathways during radiofrequency ablation: incidence, predictors and clinical implications. (1/385)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence, predictors and clinical implications of nonintentionally catheter-induced mechanical trauma to accessory pathways during radiofrequency ablation procedures. BACKGROUND: Data on the incidence and significance of catheter-induced trauma to accessory pathways are scarce. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 381) undergoing radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways at two different institutions were closely monitored for appearance of mechanical block of accessory pathways during catheter manipulation. RESULTS: Mechanical trauma to accessory pathways was observed in 37 (9.7%) patients. According to a multivariate analysis, the only independent variable associated with this phenomenon was the anatomical pathway location (p = 0.0001). The incidence of trauma of either right anteroseptal (38.5%) or right atriofascicular pathways (33.3%) was significantly greater than that of pathways (< or =10%) at all remaining locations (p < 0.0001). The duration of conduction block observed ranged from < or =1 min to >30 min in 19% and 35% of patients, respectively. "Immediate" application of radiofrequency pulses at sites of mechanical block (<1 min after occurrence) was associated with a 78% long-term success rate at follow-up. This contrasted with a 25% long-term success rate in patients in whom pulses were delivered 30 min after occurrence of block ("delayed pulses"). Finally, in 24% of patients persistent trauma-induced conduction block led to discontinuation of the ablation procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma to accessory pathways is more common than previously recognized and frequently results in prolongation or discontinuation of the ablation procedure and in lower success rates. The only independent predictor of catheter-trauma to accessory pathways is the pathway location.  (+info)

Intraoperative left ventricular perforation with false aneurysm formation. (2/385)

Two cases of perforation of the left ventricle during mitral valve replacement are described. In the first case there was perforation at the site of papillary muscle excision and this was recognized and successfully treated. However, a true ventricular aneurysm developed at the repair site. One month after operation rupture of the left ventricle occurred at a second and separate site on the posterior aspect of the atrioventricular ring. This resulted in a false aneurysm which produced a pansystolic murmur mimicking mitral regurgitation. Both the true and the false aneurysm were successfully repaired. In the second case perforation occurred on the posterior aspect of the atrioventricular ring and was successfully repaired. However, a false ventricular aneurysm developed and ruptured into the left atrium producing severe, but silent, mitral regurgitation. This was recognized and successfully repaired. The implications of these cases are discussed.  (+info)

Fatal outcome arising from use of a sutureless "corkscrew" epicardial pacing electrode inserted into apex of left ventricle. (3/385)

A 59-year-old man is described in whom the insertion of an epicardial sutureless "corkscrew" electrode resulted in fatal ventricular perforation. Fatal myocardial perforation can occur with this electrode and the apex of the left ventricle should never be used as the site of insertion. Necropsy also showed that the transvenous right ventricular electrode, inserted one year previously, had penetrated a tricuspid leaflet. This could have accounted for the ensuing pacing failure.  (+info)

Survival, integration, and differentiation of cardiomyocyte grafts: a study in normal and injured rat hearts. (4/385)

BACKGROUND: Cardiomyocyte grafting augments myocyte numbers in the heart. We investigated (1) how developmental stage influences graft survival; (2) whether acutely necrotic or healing cardiac lesions support grafts; and (3) the differentiation and integration of cardiomyocyte grafts in injured hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiomyocytes from fetal, neonatal, or adult inbred rats were grafted into normal myocardium, acutely cryoinjured myocardium, or granulation tissue (6 days after injury). Adult cardiomyocytes did not survive under any conditions. In contrast, fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes formed viable grafts under all conditions. Time-course studies with neonatal cardiomyocytes showed that the grafts recapitulated many aspects of normal development. The adherens junction protein N-cadherin was distributed circumferentially at day 1 but began to organize into intercalated disk-like structures by day 6. The gap junction protein connexin43 followed a similar but delayed pattern relative to N-cadherin. From 2 to 8 weeks, there was progressive hypertrophy and the formation of mature intercalated disks. In some hearts, graft cells formed adherens and gap junctions with host cardiomyocytes, suggesting electromechanical coupling. More commonly, however, grafts were separated from the host myocardium by scar tissue. Gap and adherens junctions formed between neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes in coculture, as evidenced by dye transfer and localization of cadherin and connexin43 at intercellular junctions. CONCLUSIONS: Grafted fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes form new, mature myocardium with the capacity to couple with injured host myocardium. Optimal repair, however, may require reducing the isolation of the graft by the intervening scar tissue.  (+info)

Detection of myocardial injury during transvenous implantation of automatic cardioverter-defibrillators. (5/385)

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to assess the extent of myocardial injury in patients undergoing transvenous implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) using cardiac troponin I (cTNI), which is a highly specific marker of structural cardiac injury. BACKGROUND: During ICD implantation, repetitive induction and termination of ventricular fibrillation (VF) via endocardial direct current shocks is required to demonstrate the correct function of the device. Transthoracic electrical shocks can cause myocardial cell injury. METHODS: Measurements of total creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, myoglobin, cardiac troponin T (cTNT) and cTNI were obtained before and after ICD implantation in 49 consecutive patients. Blood samples were drawn before and 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after implantation. RESULTS: Elevations of CK, CK-MB, myoglobin, cTNT and cTNI above cut-off level were found in 25%, 6%, 76%, 37% and 14% of patients, respectively, with peak cTNI concentrations ranging from 1.7 to 5.5 ng/ml. Cumulative defibrillation energy (DFE), mean DFE, cumulative VF time, number of shocks as well as prior myocardial infarction (MI) were found to be significantly related to a rise of cTNI. Mean DFE > or = 18 J and a recent MI were identified as strong risk factors for cTNI rise. CONCLUSIONS: During transvenous ICD implantation myocardial injury as assessed by cTNI rise occurs in about 14% of the patients. Peak cTNI concentrations are only minimally elevated reflecting subtle myocardial cell damage. Patients with a recent MI and a mean DFE > or = 18 J seem to be prone to cTNI rise.  (+info)

Detection of myocardial injury during radiofrequency catheter ablation by measuring serum cardiac troponin I levels: procedural correlates. (6/385)

OBJECTIVES: In the present prospective controlled study, we measured blood levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in patients undergoing radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation (RFA), and we sought to investigate the degree of myocardial injury incurred by the application of RF energy and determine its procedural correlates. BACKGROUND: Measurement of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels after RFA may underestimate the degree of myocardial injury due to its thermal inactivation by RFA. Cardiac troponin I is a newer, more specific marker of myocardial injury, which may circumvent this limitation; its use in this setting has rarely been studied. METHODS: In 118 consecutive patients, 67 men and 51 women aged 38 +/- 19 years undergoing RFA for a variety of arrhythmias, cTnI and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels were measured before, immediately after and 4 to 24 h after RFA. Cardiac troponin I was also measured in 39 patients (control group) having only electrophysiologic studies (EPS) without RFA. RESULTS: All RFA procedures were uncomplicated, lasted 3.2 +/- 2.0 h and included delivery of 16 +/- 22 (median: 9) RF current applications. Baseline cTnI levels averaged 0.17 +/- 0.18 ng/ml, rose to 0.88 +/- 1.12 at the end of RFA and to 2.19 +/- 2.46 at 4-24 h later. Creatine kinase isoenzyme was found to be elevated (>6 microg/l) in 32 patients (27%), while cTnI levels were increased (> or =1 ng/ml) in 80 patients (68%) (p = 0.0001). Cardiac troponin I levels correlated with the number of RF lesions applied (r = 0.53, p < 0.0001), the site of RFA, being higher with ventricular > atrial > annular lesions (p = 0.012) and the approach to the mitral annulus (transaortic > transseptal, p = 0.004). In a control group of 39 patients undergoing EPS, all but one patient had normal cTnI or CK-MB. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of myocardial injury incurred by RFA is far more accurately assessed by cTnI levels rather than by CK-MB measurements. Cardiac troponin I levels correlate with the number of RF lesions applied, the site of RFA and the approach to the mitral annulus.  (+info)

Complications of endomyocardial biopsy in children. (7/385)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of, and risk factors for, complications of endomyocardial biopsy in children. BACKGROUND: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a low risk procedure in adults, but there is a paucity of data with regard to performing this procedure in children. METHODS: Retrospective review of the morbidity and mortality of 1,000 consecutive EMB procedures. RESULTS: One thousand EMB procedures (right ventricle 986, left ventricle 14) were performed on 194 patients from July 1987 through March 1996. Indications for EMB included heart transplant rejection surveillance (846) and the evaluation of cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia for possible myocarditis (154). Thirty-seven (4%) procedures were performed on patients receiving intravenous inotropic support. There was one biopsy related death, secondary to cardiac perforation, in a two-week-old infant with dilated cardiomyopathy. There were nine perforations of the right ventricle, eight occurring in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and one in a transplant recipient. The transplant patient did not require immediate intervention; two patients required pericardiocentesis alone, and six underwent pericardiocentesis and surgical intervention. All nine perforations were from the femoral venous approach (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the greatest risk of perforation occurred in children being evaluated for possible myocarditis (p = 0.01) and in those requiring inotropic support (p < 0.01). Other complications included arrhythmia (5) and single cases of coronary-cardiac fistula, flail tricuspid leaflet, pneumothorax, hemothorax, endocardial stripping and seizure. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of endomyocardial biopsy is highest in sick children with suspected myocarditis on inotropic support. However, EMB can be performed safely with very low morbidity in pediatric heart transplant recipients.  (+info)

Management of isolated sternal fractures: determining the risk of blunt cardiac injury. (8/385)

A review of the management of isolated sternal fractures in a regional cardiothoracic unit reveals that, in a 2 year period, 37 consecutive patients were admitted for observation and further investigation, including echocardiography and cardiac enzyme measurements to exclude blunt cardiac injury. Minor blunt cardiac injury was detected in only one patient, and was associated with an acutely abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG showed acute changes in 8 further patients, whilst 3 patients had an abnormal chest X-ray (CXR) due to widening of the mediastinum (1 patient had abnormal CXR and ECG), but none had evidence of cardiac injury. CXR and ECG were both normal in 23 patients, and were predictive of the absence of significant complications. A survey of 22 other cardiothoracic units around the UK confirms that the management of patients with isolated sternal fractures varies considerably from hospital to hospital. As suggested by previous reports, we believe that patients, who are otherwise fit and have normal ECG and CXR on presentation, can be safely discharged home on oral analgesics. The routine use of echocardiography and creatinine kinase (CK) assays in the assessment of isolated sternal fractures is not indicated. The introduction of these guidelines has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of patients admitted with isolated sternal fractures to our unit.  (+info)

Heart injuries, also known as cardiac injuries, refer to any damage or harm caused to the heart muscle, valves, or surrounding structures. This can result from various causes such as blunt trauma (e.g., car accidents, falls), penetrating trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stabbing), or medical conditions like heart attacks (myocardial infarction) and infections (e.g., myocarditis, endocarditis).

Some common types of heart injuries include:

1. Contusions: Bruising of the heart muscle due to blunt trauma.
2. Myocardial infarctions: Damage to the heart muscle caused by insufficient blood supply, often due to blocked coronary arteries.
3. Cardiac rupture: A rare but life-threatening condition where the heart muscle tears or breaks open, usually resulting from severe trauma or complications from a myocardial infarction.
4. Valvular damage: Disruption of the heart valves' function due to injury or infection, leading to leakage (regurgitation) or narrowing (stenosis).
5. Pericardial injuries: Damage to the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which can result in fluid accumulation (pericardial effusion), inflammation (pericarditis), or tamponade (compression of the heart by excess fluid).
6. Arrhythmias: Irregular heart rhythms caused by damage to the heart's electrical conduction system.

Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing heart injuries, as they can lead to severe complications or even be fatal if left untreated.

Chagas cardiomyopathy is a specific type of heart disease that is caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is spread through the feces of infected triatomine bugs (also known as "kissing bugs"). The disease is named after Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite in 1909.

In Chagas cardiomyopathy, the infection can lead to inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), which can cause damage to the heart over time. This damage can lead to a range of complications, including:

* Dilated cardiomyopathy: This is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and stretched, leading to an enlarged heart chamber and reduced pumping ability.
* Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms that can cause symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and fainting.
* Heart failure: This is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid buildup in the body.
* Cardiac arrest: In severe cases, Chagas cardiomyopathy can lead to sudden cardiac arrest, which is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Chagas cardiomyopathy is most commonly found in Latin America, where the parasite that causes the disease is endemic. However, due to increased travel and migration, cases of Chagas cardiomyopathy have been reported in other parts of the world, including the United States. Treatment for Chagas cardiomyopathy typically involves medications to manage symptoms and prevent further complications, as well as lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise modifications. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as surgery or implantable devices may be necessary to treat severe complications of the disease.

Myocardial reperfusion injury is a pathological process that occurs when blood flow is restored to the heart muscle (myocardium) after a period of ischemia or reduced oxygen supply, such as during a myocardial infarction (heart attack). The restoration of blood flow, although necessary to salvage the dying tissue, can itself cause further damage to the heart muscle. This paradoxical phenomenon is known as myocardial reperfusion injury.

The mechanisms behind myocardial reperfusion injury are complex and involve several processes, including:

1. Oxidative stress: The sudden influx of oxygen into the previously ischemic tissue leads to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular structures, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA.
2. Calcium overload: During reperfusion, there is an increase in calcium influx into the cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells). This elevated intracellular calcium level can disrupt normal cellular functions, leading to further damage.
3. Inflammation: Reperfusion triggers an immune response, with the recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, to the site of injury. These cells release cytokines and other mediators that can exacerbate tissue damage.
4. Mitochondrial dysfunction: The restoration of blood flow can cause mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, to malfunction, leading to the release of pro-apoptotic factors and contributing to cell death.
5. Vasoconstriction and microvascular obstruction: During reperfusion, there may be vasoconstriction of the small blood vessels (microvasculature) in the heart, which can further limit blood flow and contribute to tissue damage.

Myocardial reperfusion injury is a significant concern because it can negate some of the benefits of early reperfusion therapy, such as thrombolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), used to treat acute myocardial infarction. Strategies to minimize myocardial reperfusion injury are an area of active research and include pharmacological interventions, ischemic preconditioning, and remote ischemic conditioning.

In medical terms, the heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity that functions as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It's responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The human heart is divided into four chambers: two atria on the top and two ventricles on the bottom. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the rest of the body. The heart's rhythmic contractions and relaxations are regulated by a complex electrical conduction system.

The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall, composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It forms the thickest part of the heart wall and is divided into two sections: the left ventricle, which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, and the right ventricle, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The myocardium contains several types of cells, including cardiac muscle fibers, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. The muscle fibers are arranged in a highly organized pattern that allows them to contract in a coordinated manner, generating the force necessary to pump blood through the heart and circulatory system.

Damage to the myocardium can occur due to various factors such as ischemia (reduced blood flow), infection, inflammation, or genetic disorders. This damage can lead to several cardiac conditions, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.

A wound is a type of injury that occurs when the skin or other tissues are cut, pierced, torn, or otherwise broken. Wounds can be caused by a variety of factors, including accidents, violence, surgery, or certain medical conditions. There are several different types of wounds, including:

* Incisions: These are cuts that are made deliberately, often during surgery. They are usually straight and clean.
* Lacerations: These are tears in the skin or other tissues. They can be irregular and jagged.
* Abrasions: These occur when the top layer of skin is scraped off. They may look like a bruise or a scab.
* Punctures: These are wounds that are caused by sharp objects, such as needles or knives. They are usually small and deep.
* Avulsions: These occur when tissue is forcibly torn away from the body. They can be very serious and require immediate medical attention.

Injuries refer to any harm or damage to the body, including wounds. Injuries can range from minor scrapes and bruises to more severe injuries such as fractures, dislocations, and head trauma. It is important to seek medical attention for any injury that is causing significant pain, swelling, or bleeding, or if there is a suspected bone fracture or head injury.

In general, wounds and injuries should be cleaned and covered with a sterile bandage to prevent infection. Depending on the severity of the wound or injury, additional medical treatment may be necessary. This may include stitches for deep cuts, immobilization for broken bones, or surgery for more serious injuries. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully to ensure proper healing and to prevent complications.

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, often expressed as beats per minute (bpm). It can vary significantly depending on factors such as age, physical fitness, emotions, and overall health status. A resting heart rate between 60-100 bpm is generally considered normal for adults, but athletes and individuals with high levels of physical fitness may have a resting heart rate below 60 bpm due to their enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Monitoring heart rate can provide valuable insights into an individual's health status, exercise intensity, and response to various treatments or interventions.

A brain injury is defined as damage to the brain that occurs following an external force or trauma, such as a blow to the head, a fall, or a motor vehicle accident. Brain injuries can also result from internal conditions, such as lack of oxygen or a stroke. There are two main types of brain injuries: traumatic and acquired.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external force that results in the brain moving within the skull or the skull being fractured. Mild TBIs may result in temporary symptoms such as headaches, confusion, and memory loss, while severe TBIs can cause long-term complications, including physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is any injury to the brain that occurs after birth and is not hereditary, congenital, or degenerative. ABIs are often caused by medical conditions such as strokes, tumors, anoxia (lack of oxygen), or infections.

Both TBIs and ABIs can range from mild to severe and may result in a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that can impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and function independently. Treatment for brain injuries typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical management, rehabilitation, and supportive care.

Athletic injuries are damages or injuries to the body that occur while participating in sports, physical activities, or exercise. These injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Trauma: Direct blows, falls, collisions, or crushing injuries can cause fractures, dislocations, contusions, lacerations, or concussions.
2. Overuse: Repetitive motions or stress on a particular body part can lead to injuries such as tendonitis, stress fractures, or muscle strains.
3. Poor technique: Using incorrect form or technique during exercise or sports can put additional stress on muscles, joints, and ligaments, leading to injury.
4. Inadequate warm-up or cool-down: Failing to properly prepare the body for physical activity or neglecting to cool down afterwards can increase the risk of injury.
5. Lack of fitness or flexibility: Insufficient strength, endurance, or flexibility can make individuals more susceptible to injuries during sports and exercise.
6. Environmental factors: Extreme weather conditions, poor field or court surfaces, or inadequate equipment can contribute to the risk of athletic injuries.

Common athletic injuries include ankle sprains, knee injuries, shoulder dislocations, tennis elbow, shin splints, and concussions. Proper training, warm-up and cool-down routines, use of appropriate protective gear, and attention to technique can help prevent many athletic injuries.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) refer to damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. This injury can be caused by direct trauma to the spine or by indirect damage resulting from disease or degeneration of surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels. The location and severity of the injury on the spinal cord will determine which parts of the body are affected and to what extent.

The effects of SCI can range from mild sensory changes to severe paralysis, including loss of motor function, autonomic dysfunction, and possible changes in sensation, strength, and reflexes below the level of injury. These injuries are typically classified as complete or incomplete, depending on whether there is any remaining function below the level of injury.

Immediate medical attention is crucial for spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage and improve the chances of recovery. Treatment usually involves immobilization of the spine, medications to reduce swelling and pressure, surgery to stabilize the spine, and rehabilitation to help regain lost function. Despite advances in treatment, SCI can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.

Reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process that occurs when blood flow is restored to previously ischemic tissues, leading to further tissue damage. This phenomenon can occur in various clinical settings such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, or peripheral artery disease after an intervention aimed at restoring perfusion.

The restoration of blood flow leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators, which can cause oxidative stress, cellular damage, and activation of the immune system. This results in a cascade of events that may lead to microvascular dysfunction, capillary leakage, and tissue edema, further exacerbating the injury.

Reperfusion injury is an important consideration in the management of ischemic events, as interventions aimed at restoring blood flow must be carefully balanced with potential harm from reperfusion injury. Strategies to mitigate reperfusion injury include ischemic preconditioning (exposing the tissue to short periods of ischemia before a prolonged ischemic event), ischemic postconditioning (applying brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion after restoring blood flow), remote ischemic preconditioning (ischemia applied to a distant organ or tissue to protect the target organ), and pharmacological interventions that scavenge ROS, reduce inflammation, or improve microvascular function.

Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body or do so only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. It can be caused by various cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Heart failure is often classified based on the ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during each contraction. A reduced EF (less than 40%) is indicative of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while a preserved EF (greater than or equal to 50%) is indicative of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is also a category of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) for those with an EF between 40-49%.

Heart disease is a broad term for a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. It's often used to refer to conditions that include:

1. Coronary artery disease (CAD): This is the most common type of heart disease. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances, which can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or a heart attack.

2. Heart failure: This condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by various conditions, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy.

3. Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms, which can be too fast, too slow, or irregular. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and fainting.

4. Valvular heart disease: This involves damage to one or more of the heart's four valves, which control blood flow through the heart. Damage can be caused by various conditions, including infection, rheumatic fever, and aging.

5. Cardiomyopathy: This is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. It can be caused by various factors, including genetics, viral infections, and drug abuse.

6. Pericardial disease: This involves inflammation or other problems with the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It can cause chest pain and other symptoms.

7. Congenital heart defects: These are heart conditions that are present at birth, such as a hole in the heart or abnormal blood vessels. They can range from mild to severe and may require medical intervention.

8. Heart infections: The heart can become infected by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to various symptoms and complications.

It's important to note that many factors can contribute to the development of heart disease, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing heart disease.

The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is a medical scoring system used to assess the severity of trauma in patients with multiple injuries. It's based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), which classifies each injury by body region on a scale from 1 (minor) to 6 (maximum severity).

The ISS is calculated by summing the squares of the highest AIS score in each of the three most severely injured body regions. The possible ISS ranges from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injuries. An ISS over 15 is generally considered a significant injury, and an ISS over 25 is associated with a high risk of mortality. It's important to note that the ISS has limitations, as it doesn't consider the number or type of injuries within each body region, only the most severe one.

Heart transplantation is a surgical procedure where a diseased, damaged, or failing heart is removed and replaced with a healthy donor heart. This procedure is usually considered as a last resort for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease who have not responded to other treatments. The donor heart typically comes from a brain-dead individual whose family has agreed to donate their loved one's organs for transplantation. Heart transplantation is a complex and highly specialized procedure that requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, nurses, and other support staff. The success rates for heart transplantation have improved significantly over the past few decades, with many patients experiencing improved quality of life and increased survival rates. However, recipients of heart transplants require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the donor heart, which can increase the risk of infections and other complications.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. They can affect any part of the heart's structure, including the walls of the heart, the valves inside the heart, and the major blood vessels that lead to and from the heart.

Congenital heart defects can range from mild to severe and can cause various symptoms depending on the type and severity of the defect. Some common symptoms of CHDs include cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails), shortness of breath, fatigue, poor feeding, and slow growth in infants and children.

There are many different types of congenital heart defects, including:

1. Septal defects: These are holes in the walls that separate the four chambers of the heart. The two most common septal defects are atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD).
2. Valve abnormalities: These include narrowed or leaky valves, which can affect blood flow through the heart.
3. Obstruction defects: These occur when blood flow is blocked or restricted due to narrowing or absence of a part of the heart's structure. Examples include pulmonary stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
4. Cyanotic heart defects: These cause a lack of oxygen in the blood, leading to cyanosis. Examples include tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries.

The causes of congenital heart defects are not fully understood, but genetic factors and environmental influences during pregnancy may play a role. Some CHDs can be detected before birth through prenatal testing, while others may not be diagnosed until after birth or later in childhood. Treatment for CHDs may include medication, surgery, or other interventions to improve blood flow and oxygenation of the body's tissues.

Leg injuries refer to damages or harm caused to any part of the lower extremity, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and other soft tissues. These injuries can result from various causes such as trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions. Common leg injuries include fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, contusions, and cuts. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, weakness, or difficulty walking. The specific treatment for a leg injury depends on the type and severity of the injury.

Lung injury, also known as pulmonary injury, refers to damage or harm caused to the lung tissue, blood vessels, or air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This can result from various causes such as infection, trauma, exposure to harmful substances, or systemic diseases. Common types of lung injuries include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, and chemical pneumonitis. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, cough, chest pain, and decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation.

Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:

1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.

The fetal heart is the cardiovascular organ that develops in the growing fetus during pregnancy. It starts to form around 22 days after conception and continues to develop throughout the first trimester. By the end of the eighth week of gestation, the fetal heart has developed enough to pump blood throughout the body.

The fetal heart is similar in structure to the adult heart but has some differences. It is smaller and more compact, with a four-chambered structure that includes two atria and two ventricles. The fetal heart also has unique features such as the foramen ovale, which is a hole between the right and left atria that allows blood to bypass the lungs, and the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta and diverts blood away from the lungs.

The fetal heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the placenta to the rest of the body and returning deoxygenated blood back to the placenta for re-oxygenation. The rate of the fetal heartbeat is faster than that of an adult, typically ranging from 120 to 160 beats per minute. Fetal heart rate monitoring is a common method used during pregnancy and childbirth to assess the health and well-being of the developing fetus.

Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the lung tissue, which can lead to difficulty breathing and respiratory failure. It is often caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs, such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, or inhalation of harmful substances.

The symptoms of ALI include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, cough, and low oxygen levels in the blood. The condition can progress rapidly and may require mechanical ventilation to support breathing. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the injury, providing supportive care, and managing symptoms.

In severe cases, ALI can lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a more serious and life-threatening condition that requires intensive care unit (ICU) treatment.

Neck injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in any part of the neck, including soft tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons), nerves, bones (vertebrae), and joints (facet joints, intervertebral discs). These injuries can result from various incidents such as road accidents, falls, sports-related activities, or work-related tasks. Common neck injuries include whiplash, strain or sprain of the neck muscles, herniated discs, fractured vertebrae, and pinched nerves, which may cause symptoms like pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the neck, shoulders, arms, or hands. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications and ensure optimal recovery.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately 50% of the global population. It is closely associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood and can persist for life if not treated. The bacterium's spiral shape and flagella allow it to penetrate the mucus layer and adhere to the gastric epithelium, where it releases virulence factors that cause inflammation and tissue damage. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be made through various tests, including urea breath test, stool antigen test, or histological examination of a gastric biopsy. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to eradicate the bacteria and promote healing of the stomach lining.

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition characterized by the buildup of plaques, made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, on the inner walls of the arteries. This process gradually narrows and hardens the arteries, reducing the flow of oxygen-rich blood to various parts of the body. Atherosclerosis can affect any artery in the body, including those that supply blood to the heart (coronary arteries), brain, limbs, and other organs. The progressive narrowing and hardening of the arteries can lead to serious complications such as coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and aneurysms, which can result in heart attacks, strokes, or even death if left untreated.

The exact cause of atherosclerosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with several risk factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of the condition. Atherosclerosis can often progress without any symptoms for many years, but as the disease advances, it can lead to various signs and symptoms depending on which arteries are affected. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgical procedures to restore blood flow.

'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' is a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory infections in humans. It is the causative agent of a form of pneumonia known as "atypical pneumonia," which is characterized by milder symptoms and a slower onset than other types of pneumonia.

The bacteria are transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as those produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infections can occur throughout the year, but they are more common in the fall and winter months.

Symptoms of a 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infection may include cough, chest pain, fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. The infection can also cause other respiratory symptoms, such as sore throat, headache, and muscle aches. In some cases, the infection may spread to other parts of the body, causing complications such as ear infections or inflammation of the heart or brain.

Diagnosis of 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infection typically involves testing a sample of respiratory secretions, such as sputum or nasal swabs, for the presence of the bacteria. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, which are effective against 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae'.

It's important to note that while 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae' infections can cause serious respiratory illness, they are generally not as severe as other types of bacterial pneumonia. However, if left untreated, the infection can lead to complications and worsening symptoms.

Helicobacter infections are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which colonizes the stomach lining and is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. The infection can lead to chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer.

The spiral-shaped H. pylori bacteria are able to survive in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach by producing urease, an enzyme that neutralizes gastric acid in their immediate vicinity. This allows them to adhere to and colonize the epithelial lining of the stomach, where they can cause inflammation (gastritis) and disrupt the normal functioning of the stomach.

Transmission of H. pylori typically occurs through oral-oral or fecal-oral routes, and infection is more common in developing countries and in populations with lower socioeconomic status. The diagnosis of Helicobacter infections can be confirmed through various tests, including urea breath tests, stool antigen tests, or gastric biopsy with histology and culture. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to eradicate the bacteria and reduce stomach acidity.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

The endothelium is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelial cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and heart chambers. The vascular endothelium, specifically, refers to the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vasomotor tone, coagulation, platelet activation, inflammation, and permeability of the vessel wall. They also contribute to the growth and repair of the vascular system and are involved in various pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes.

The early studies associating the ratio of dietary SFA and PUFA with TC levels led the American Heart Association (AHA) to ... The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of ... Page, Irving H. (1961). "Dietary fat and its relation to heart attacks and strokes: report by the Central Committee for Medical ... ISBN 978-0-8493-2680-6. Zatonski, W; Willett, W (July 2005). "Changes in dietary fat and declining coronary heart disease in ...
Cardiac injuries affect the heart and blood vessels. Blunt cardiac injury in a common injury caused by blunt trauma to the ... Injuries to the nervous system include brain injury, spinal cord injury, and nerve injury. Trauma to the brain causes traumatic ... The two primary consequences of traumatic injury to the heart are severe hemorrhaging and fluid buildup around the heart. ... Rectal injury is less common than injury to the colon, though the rectum is more susceptible to injury following blunt force ...
Following an electrical injury from household current, if a person has no symptoms, no underlying heart problems, and is not ... An electrical injury, (electric injury) or electrical shock (electric shock) is damage sustained to the skin or internal organs ... Management may involve resuscitation, pain medications, wound management, and heart rhythm monitoring. Electrical injuries ... "ESFI Occupational Injury and Fatality Statistics". www.esfi.org. Retrieved 2021-03-23. "Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries ...
While some investigations suggest a possible beneficial effect of mesenchymal stem cells on heart and kidney reperfusion injury ... and face injury themselves (e.g., acute kidney injury).[citation needed] Tissue swelling and fasciotomy Following ischemia, ... 2013). "Fibrosis in heart failure subtypes". Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 17 (17): 2302-9. PMID 24065222. Kamata, S.; et al. ( ... IR injury contributes to disease and mortality in a variety of pathologies, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, ...
Lightning injuries are injuries caused by a lightning strike. Initial symptoms may include heart asystole and respiratory ... Direct strikes make up about 5% of injuries. The mechanism of the injuries may include electrical injury, burns from heat, and ... If death occurs it is typically from either an abnormal heart rhythm or respiratory failure. Lightning injuries are divided ... "Lightning Injuries - Injuries and Poisoning". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Retrieved 2019-11-25. Auerbach, Paul S. (2011). ...
Breathing and heart function must be maintained with assistive devices. Disorders of consciousness affect a significant number ... "Traumatic brain injury Complications - Mayo Clinic". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2017-01-31. "Brain Injury: Complications and ... Different behavioral problems are characteristic of the location of injury; for instance, frontal lobe injuries often result in ... Most of these injuries develop within a few weeks of the initial trauma and result from skull fractures or penetrating injuries ...
Physical exam can reveal rapid heart rate or rapid breathing. Auscultation of the lungs tends to be unremarkable, even in ... Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) or e-cigarette, or vaping, ... In the few cases in which lung biopsies were performed, the results were consistent with acute lung injury and included a broad ... According to a systematic review article,"Initial case reports of vaping-related lung injury date back to 2012, but the ongoing ...
v t e (All stub articles, Cardiovascular system stubs, Heart diseases, Cardiology). ... Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, also known as MINS, refers to at least one elevated post-operative troponin level ... "Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery: A Large, International, Prospective Cohort Study Establishing Diagnostic Criteria, ... "Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: A Scientific Statement From the American ...
People with cervical or high thoracic injuries may experience a dangerously slowed heart rate; treatment to speed it may ... Injuries can be cervical 1-8 (C1-C8), thoracic 1-12 (T1-T12), lumbar 1-5 (L1-L5), or sacral (S1-S5). A person's level of injury ... Most of these injuries occur in men under 30 years of age. The average age at the time of injury has slowly increased from ... Additional symptoms of cervical injuries include low heart rate, low blood pressure, problems regulating body temperature, and ...
Esmolol is first choice to maintain blood pressure and heart rate due to its short time of action, but if the blood pressure is ... Injuries to the aorta are usually the result of trauma, such as deceleration and crush injuries. Deceleration injuries almost ... Based on the location of the injury in the thorax subsequent injuries can take place. If the injury is in the descending ... has a spinal injury, or has a head injury. If four of these criteria are met their likelihood for an aortic injury is 30% The ...
When exposed to phobic triggers, those with the phobia often experience a two-phase response: an initial increase in heart rate ... injury, or injection, or in anticipation of an injection, injury, or exposure to blood. Blood-like stimuli (paint, ketchup) may ... Bodily injuries may also be sustained in the course of a fainting response to a phobic trigger. Substantial rates of ... Blood-injection-injury (BII) type phobia is a type of specific phobia characterized by the display of excessive, irrational ...
It has later occasionally been used in physiology textbooks, but is now mostly used in connection with heart damages (as listed ... The current of injury - also known as the demarcation current, hermann's demarcation current or injury potential - is the ... "Medical Definition of "Injury Potential"". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2021-07-17. Becker, R. O. (1961). "Search for Evidence of ... He found that the current of injury runs through the perineurium - through the myelin sheaths of the peripheral nerves. " ...
He was the heart of the band': Injury Reserve on a future without Groggs". Huck Magazine. September 15, 2021. Retrieved ... Injury Reserve)" by Amine, Injury Reserve on Spotify, August 7, 2020, retrieved February 9, 2023 "Robert" by Jockstrap, Injury ... Injury Reserve" by Flume, Injury Reserve on Spotify, February 8, 2023, retrieved February 9, 2023 Injury Reserve [@ ... Injury Reserve on Spotify, March 2, 2018, retrieved February 9, 2023 "745 sticky (Injury Reserve Remix)" by 100 gecs, Injury ...
The injury forced Arenas out for a total of 68 games. Midway through the season, Butler was forced to the sidelines for a total ... The preseason marked the return of Etan Thomas who had missed all of the 2007-2008 season while recovering from open-heart ... Age and injuries finally caught up with the Bullets. In the 1979-80 season, they barely made the playoffs as they captured the ... After hoping the injury would get better with rest, Webber finally underwent surgery on Feb 1 which sidelined him for the ...
Obligatory hibernators such as the ground squirrels show resistance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in liver, heart, and ... Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused ... Recent investigations suggest a possible beneficial effect of mesenchymal stem cells on heart and kidney reperfusion injury. ... Reperfusion injury plays a major part in the biochemistry of hypoxic brain injury in stroke. Similar failure processes are ...
Elevation Elevating the injury above the heart while resting will aid in the reduction of swelling. This mnemonic indicates ... Soft tissue injuries can result in pain, swelling, bruising and loss of function. A sprain is a type of acute injury which ... A soft tissue injury is the damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body. Common soft tissue injuries usually ... Re-injury Avoid any activities that could aggravate the injury and cause further damage. Massage Massaging an injured area can ...
Sixteen injuries were reported; one had a heart attack, another suffered a major injury, and fourteen others with minor ... injuries. 2018 - Thirty-nine people are killed after a ten-story building collapses in the industrial city of Magnitogorsk, ...
Despite his injuries, Warmerdam survived the plane crash. Loudoun County Sheriff's Office Deputy Charles Barton died in a ... Surviving passenger Mary Jean Adair died of a heart attack eight weeks after the crash. She was included in a dedication to the ... eight had minor injuries. Among the seriously injured were Warmerdam and Fech.: 5 Many of the passengers suffered survivor ... 5 A ninth victim died four months after the crash from severe burn injuries.: 5 None of the passengers or crew escaped ...
There were no injuries. On 6 December 2011, a train was derailed at Westbury. On 24 January 2013, a passenger train caught fire ... ISBN(no ISBN) Heart of Wessex line - The Heart of Wessex Rail Partnership (CS1: Julian-Gregorian uncertainty, Articles with ... Heart of Wessex Community Rail Partnership. "HEART OF WESSEX RAIL PARTNERSHIP - LINE PLAN" (PDF). heartofwessex.org.uk. ... The Heart of Wessex Line, also known as the Bristol to Weymouth Line, is a railway line that runs from Bristol Temple Meads to ...
"Lillian Russell Dies of Injuries". The New York Times. June 6, 1922. p. 1. Mullery, Virginia (14 January 1996), "Star ... "Sacred Heart School (Paso Carrasco, Uruguay)". Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Society of the Sacred Heart. Retrieved ... St Albans Sacred Heart Catholic High School, Newcastle upon Tyne Sacred Heart High School, London Sacred Heart Primary School ( ... Mumbai Sacred Heart Convent High School, Ahmednagar Sacred Heart Convent High School, Nashik Sacred Heart Convent School, ...
She responded by stabbing him with one of the knives, piercing his heart and liver. He died of his injuries. Humphreys was ...
"Accidental self-inflicted nail gun injury to the heart". Injury Extra. 36 (11): 517-9. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.05.003. ( ... of those injuries occur to consumers. Nail gun injuries tripled between 1991 and 2005. Foot and hand injuries are among the ... Jodati, A.; Safaei, N.; Toufan, M.; Kazemi, B. (2011). "A unique nail gun injury to the heart with a delayed presentation". ... Injuries to the fingers, hands, and feet are among the three most common, but there are also injuries that involve other body ...
... back injury; carpal tunnel syndrome; diarrhoea; headache; heart problems; high blood pressure; insomnia; knee injury; low blood ... These include the conscious usage of groups of muscles, effects on health, and possible injury especially in the presence of ... From the point of view of sports medicine, asanas function as active stretches, helping to protect muscles from injury; these ... Kaivalya, Alanna (2016). Myths of the Asanas: The Stories at the Heart of the Yoga Tradition. Mandala Publishing. p. 90. ISBN ...
A blunt cardiac injury is an injury to the heart as the result of blunt trauma, typically to the anterior chest wall. It can ... Bidirectional injuries are a result of compressive forces on the heart by both the spine and the sternum. Deceleration injuries ... to the heart after an injury. Other injuries which can result include septal defects and valvular failures. The right ventricle ... and heart valve injury. When a myocardial contusion is suspected, consideration must be given to any other chest injuries, ...
Nabeel has a change of heart and provides all supplies free of cost. The new circus is now ready. However, Cut succumbs to the ... injuries. Shahjahan frowns on his death and Ramsingh leaves the new circus forever. Now, Chintu is a young chap performing in ... Masand, Rajeev (30 August 2020). "Ram Singh Charlie Movie Review: Its Heart Is In Right Place". CNN-News18. Retrieved 30 August ... "has its heart in the right place but the screenplay is entirely predictable." Further saying, "Yet the film doesn't completely ...
He later succumbed to his injuries. - Gazette of India Notification, "Ashok Chakra for Brave Heart Major Dinesh Raghu Raman". ... Maj Raman was airlifted to the military hospital in Srinagar where he succumbed to his injuries. Maj Raman was a dedicated ...
"Subhash Tomar's ribs were fractured; injuries lead to heart-attack, claims post-mortem report". DNA India. Archived from the ... but it is not known if the heart attack was caused by blunt-force injuries that he suffered to his chest and neck. Some experts ... He said : "It never entered our hearts to ever discriminate. How could I be happy if my son is happy and my daughter isn't? And ... She was found with injury marks, including numerous bite marks, all over her body. According to reports, one of the accused men ...
Musculoskeletal injury (MSI) is the most common health hazard in for healthcare workers and in workplaces overall. Injuries can ... "Long working hours increasing deaths from heart disease and stroke: WHO, ILO". www.who.int. Retrieved 2022-06-21. "Noise and ... "Ag Injury News Clippings". Aginjurynews.org. Retrieved 2018-03-01. umash (2016-11-07). "SPOTLIGHT: Ag Injury News Clippings ... "Industry Injury and Illness Data". Bls.gov. Retrieved 5 March 2022. "Employer-reported Workplace Injuries And Illnesses - 2015 ...
Never lift snow with a side-twisting motion, as that can lead to injury. Shoveling snow is a known trigger for myocardial ... People who suffer from pre-existing heart or breathing problems should consult their doctor before shoveling snow. When done ... Persons doing snow shoveling can reduce their risk of injury by shoveling snow when it is fresh and light. Slip-resistant boots ... Removing snow with a snow shovel has health and injury risks, but can also have significant health benefits when the snow ...
Injuries, including violence and self harm has led to the second most share of total DALYs. Falls have the largest share within ... The incidence of coronary heart disease in Norway reduced significantly between 1995 and 2010, with about 66% of the reduction ... This is followed by self-harm with 1.77% and road injuries with 0.9 of total DALYs, both decreasing. Communicable, neonatal, ... Deaths due to traffic accidents have fallen considerably, the average number of death last 5 years is 138, serious injuries 678 ...
Yet Army commanders have routinely denied Purple Hearts to soldiers who have sustained concussions in Iraq, despite regulations ... Army honors soldiers wounded or killed in combat with the Purple Heart, a powerful symbol designed to recognize their sacrifice ... The U.S. Army honors soldiers wounded or killed in combat with the Purple Heart, a powerful symbol designed to recognize their ... Yet Army commanders have routinely denied Purple Hearts to soldiers who have sustained concussions in Iraq, despite regulations ...
... recall of Datascope/Getinges Cardiosave Hybrid and Rescue Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump after one death and four serious injuries ... recall of Datascope/Getinges Cardiosave Hybrid and Rescue Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump after one death and four serious injuries ... Recalled heart device tied to 1 death, 4 serious injuries, FDA says Bari Faye Dean - Thursday, January 26th, 2023. ... A class 1 recall notice is the most serious classification of recall, meaning the device could cause serious injury or death. ...
85 percent of the heart attacks or injuries patients suffer could be missed, acco ... 85 Percent of Heart Attacks and Injuries After Surgery Go Undetected Due to Lack of Symptoms. Can be identified with simple ... "Most surgical patients who suffer a heart attack or injury will do so within the first 48 hours after surgery," said P.J. ... The study also found that of all the post-surgical complications, heart attack or injury is the most common reason patients die ...
ICD-10 code S26 for Injury of heart is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -Injuries to the thorax . ... ICD-10-CM Code for Injury of heart S26 ICD-10 code S26 for Injury of heart is a medical classification as listed by WHO under ... Repair heart wound dx code. Good morning! Looking for DX code for a repair of heart (suture repair) wound. PT has ... Repair heart wound dx code. [QUOTE="[email protected], post: 396937, member: 156989"]Good morning! Looking for DX code for a ...
Hearts confirm the nature of Barrie McKays injury and issue a defiant message to PAOK Salonika. ... Hearts forward Barrie McKay was injured against PAOK Salonika. Pic: SNS. Hearts are convinced they can overturn the 2-1 deficit ... Hearts travel to face Dundee at Dens Park in the Premiership on Sunday before flying out to Thessaloniki next week. "Well deal ... Hearts seemed to lose concentration momentarily after Shankland put them in front, and PAOK punished that when the influential ...
Paul Cullinan National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK PubMed articlesGoogle ... Anthony M J Bull Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK PubMed ... Susie Schofield National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK PubMed articles ... UK National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK PubMed articlesGoogle scholar ...
A human model of passively acquired autoimmune injury ... Congenital complete heart block. A human model of passively ... acquired autoimmune injury Arthritis Rheum. 1990 May;33(5):609-14. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330502. ...
Myocardial injury biomarkers at point of care for early identification of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation ... Myocardial injury biomarkers at point of care for early identification of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplantation ... Heart and Lung transplantation (research group). publishing date. 2022. type. Contribution to journal publication status. ... CONCLUSION: By measuring CK-MB from the coronary effluent in the donor heart, it may be possible to identify patients at ...
As a physician, Medical Adviser and Author Dr Ray Schilling has created Net Health Book for your benefit. Please also visit Dr. Rays Blog at AskDrRay.com. All books are posted on Amazon.com ...
Several high-profile soccer players have collapsed on the field recently with heart problems, prompting questions about whether ... Dangerous Medicine heart disease heart health heart problems pandemic pharmaceutical fraud soccer vaccine damage vaccine injury ... heart health, heart problems, pandemic, pharmaceutical fraud, soccer, vaccine damage, vaccine injury, vaccines ... Questions swirl about COVID-19 vaccine injuries after several high-profile soccer players experience heart problems ...
Hearts have been handed a huge injury boost with the news Liam Boyce could return before the end of the season. ... Hearts. Hearts get huge injury boost for key player but another star ruled out for the season. Hearts have been handed a huge ... Hearts are in action against Dundee United at Tynecastle Park on Saturday as they look to bounce back from the 3-0 loss to ... March was his last first-team involvement prior to suffering a cruciate ligament injury. Meanwhile, Neilson revealed Gary ...
... even in the absence of deep injury, although deep injury is a more potent stimulus. A new injury score, including all injuries ... The new injury score included all grades of injury, and showed both good data spread and a close relation between injury and ... Injury scores. Two previously described injury scores were measured: the "deep injury" Schwartz score,13 and the "media ... New injury score, embracing all grades of stent induced injury, from none (0), through stretch (1 and 2), to deep injury (3 and ...
Acute myocardial ischaemia; Heart attacks
Hot Air: We keep being told that injury to the heart from the COVID vaccine is very rare, but a study done in Basel Switzerland ... Study: Heart Injuries from Covid Vaxx May be 3,000 X Higher than Thought. ... I think we all knew that already, but this study seems to put the nail in the coffin of "vaccine injuries are super rare" from ... Megan Rapinoe Says Her Injury is Proof that Theres No God.. *The Lordship of Christ in the Lord of the Rings. A Brilliant ...
... Posted on April 24, 2014. April 24, 2014. by Pastor Matt ... They are individuals who are at risk of a heart attack and traumatic head injury. They are at risk of losing justification due ... It dies without the heart of our understanding of how we become right with God pumping away-although the heart, the doctrine of ... but one who tragically has heart disease (i.e., heart of justification is infected with free will theology). Thus, these ...
A single-center, randomized controlled trial of pediatric patients with acute lung injury after surgery for congenital heart ... of prone position ventilation in infants who develop postoperative acute lung injury after surgery for congenital heart disease ... position ventilation techniques in children who develop postoperative acute lung injury after surgery for congenital heart ... The results may help inform strategies to improve airway management after surgery for congenital heart disease. ClinicalTrials. ...
SHIMMER Wrestling has been dealt with a blow as their Heart of Shimmer Champion is now out of action due to injury. Samantha ... Sad to report that Heart of SHIMMER Champion Samantha Heights unfortunately sustained an injury during her Japan tour, which ... Heights suffered a recent ACL injury during her Japan tour. Surgery will be required. ...
3.2 million verdict for a man who says the drugs side effects caused him to suffer a heart attack. ... Jury Awards $3.2M for Androgel Heart Attack Injury in Bellwether Retrial. ... without any finding that Mitchell was entitled to compensatory damages for his heart attack injury. ... A federal jury has ordered AbbVie to pay $200,000 in compensatory damages to a man who suffered a heart attack while using ...
With his injury uncertainty, Iowas season hangs in the balance. ... Black Heart Gold Pants main menu. * Hawkeye Football * Iowa ... Black Heart Gold Pants an Iowa Hawkeyes community Follow Black Heart Gold Pants online:. * ... Be it an injury that causes McNamara to miss a few weeks or an entire season, Hawkeye fans saw what could be without their new ... But there are also rumors that McNamara will have an MRI on Monday and the injury may be a strain rather than simply scar ...
Mark Cavendish back from injury to ride Milan-San Remo: a race close to my heart. After crashing out of Tirreno-Adriatico on ... "Milan-San Remo is a race close to my heart and its a particular style of race that reminding my body of the rhythm of it this ... Mark Cavendish will start Milan-San Remo on Saturday, having recovered from the injuries he sustained after a heavy crash ... for the team as he is suffering from an upper respiratory tract infection and Bernhard Eisel is still recovering from injuries ...
Drug Injury Lawyers Blog. *Massachusetts Workers Compensation Lawyer Blog. *Boston Car Accident Lawyer Blog ... Adventist Health System to Pay $118.7 Million to Settle Whistleblower Case - Doctors "Self - Referral" at Heart of Allegations ...
Heart attack on duty is injury caused during work: Karnataka court. A division bench comprising Justices S Sunil Dutt Yadav and ... BENGALURU: The fatal heart attack suffered by a driver of a state-owned transport corporation while on duty is an "accident as ... The medical reports indicate the driver died while on duty due to a heart attack," the bench observed, while directing the ... well as personal injury caused to him during the course of employment", the high court observed. It dismissed an appeal filed ...
After the explosion, they were flown together to Kandahar, Afghanistan, where Brown and Rocky were awarded Purple Hearts. Brown ... Rocky is also doing well after suffering a broken femur in one of his hind legs and some injuries to his tail. ... Andrew Brown was happy to see his partner Rocky when they came together for the first time since their injuries. ... Specialist Andrew Brown and his military dog, Rocky, are recovering from injuries from an IED blast in Afghanistan. ...
In its warning, the FDA said that Zithromax can alter electrical activity of the heart, which may lead to a potentially fatal ... In simple terms, the contraction of the heart becomes irregular. The FDA warning was prompted by an agency review of two ... According to the FDA, patients with known risk factors for heart disease are at higher risk. This includes individuals with ... 2023 Milavetz Injury Law, P.A. • All Rights Reserved. Disclaimer , Privacy Policy ...
Blunt Injury to the Heart - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer ... If a blunt injury to the heart causes other problems (such as heart failure Heart Failure (HF) Heart failure is a disorder in ... Damage to a heart valve can cause heart failure Heart Failure (HF) Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to ... Blunt injury to the heart is a blow to the chest that bruises the heart muscle, tears (ruptures) the hearts walls, or damages ...
Keywords: Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Heart Failure, Diastolic, Hemodynamics, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, ... J.T. Saunders, V. Nambi, J.A. de Lemos et al. Cardiac troponin T measured by a highly sensitive assay predicts coronary heart ... YOU ARE HERE: Home , Latest in Cardiology , Biomarkers of Chronic Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamic Stress Identify a Malignant ... Biomarkers of Chronic Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamic Stress Identify a Malignant Phenotype of LV Hypertrophy. May 22, 2013 , ...
... shares tips to avoid injury, what to expect from training and how to make the most of your first 5K race. ... Do You Have Heart Disease? Get a Flu Shot Michael Malone, DO ... Safety and Injury Prevention How To Treat Ankle Injuries - and ... The most common injuries that runners may develop include knee and ankle injuries. Others are:. * Achilles tendinitis. ... Common Running Injuries. As with any new activity, its not unusual to experience some aches and pains as you develop skill and ...
Extreme Exercise and Heart Health. February 3, 2019 by thirdAGE Extreme athletes are not at increased risk of heart disease or ... Concussions and other common head injuries. Stroke. Longer, Intense Rehab Boosts Recovery After Stroke and Brain Injury. By ... Concussions and other common head injuries. Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Vulnerable to Mental-Health Issues. By Jane Farrell ... Concussions and other common head injuries. Traumatic Brain Injury: FDA Research and Actions. By Jane Farrell ...
Unintentional Injuries. 36.0%. Unintentional Injuries. 38.0%. Cancer. 24.2%. Cancer. 27.5%. Heart Disease. 30.1%. Heart Disease ... Heart Disease. 24.5%. Cancer. 14.8%. Cancer. 21.6%. 3). Homicide. 16.9%. Heart Disease. 9.3%. Unintentional Injuries. 9.9%. ... Heart Disease. 3.0%. Chronic Liver Disease & Cirrhosis. 2.4%. Suicide. 3.8%. Unintentional Injuries. 3.0%. Influenza & ... Unintentional Injuries. Accidents (unintentional injuries). --------. Cell blank due to previous tie ranks or no data available ...

No FAQ available that match "heart injuries"

No images available that match "heart injuries"