Heart valve diseases. Medical search. Definitions

Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).

Flaps of tissue that prevent regurgitation of BLOOD from the HEART VENTRICLES to the HEART ATRIA or from the PULMONARY ARTERIES or AORTA to the ventricles.

The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

A device that substitutes for a heart valve. It may be composed of biological material (BIOPROSTHESIS) and/or synthetic material.

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.

A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.

Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).

Prosthesis, usually heart valve, composed of biological material and whose durability depends upon the stability of the material after pretreatment, rather than regeneration by host cell ingrowth. Durability is achieved 1, mechanically by the interposition of a cloth, usually polytetrafluoroethylene, between the host and the graft, and 2, chemically by stabilization of the tissue by intermolecular linking, usually with glutaraldehyde, after removal of antigenic components, or the use of reconstituted and restructured biopolymers.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Surgical insertion of synthetic material to repair injured or diseased heart valves.

Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.

A valve situated at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle.

Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.

The valve consisting of three cusps situated between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart.

Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.

Abnormal protrusion or billowing of one or both of the leaflets of MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows the backflow of blood into left atrium leading to MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; SYSTOLIC MURMURS; or CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Backflow of blood from the RIGHT VENTRICLE into the RIGHT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the TRICUSPID VALVE.

Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.

Flaps within the VEINS that allow the blood to flow only in one direction. They are usually in the medium size veins that carry blood to the heart against gravity.

Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.

Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.

A type of heart valve surgery that involves the repair, replacement, or reconstruction of the annuli of HEART VALVES. It includes shortening the circumference of the annulus to improve valve closing capacity and reinforcing the annulus as a step in more complex valve repairs.

The tendinous cords that connect each cusp of the two atrioventricular HEART VALVES to appropriate PAPILLARY MUSCLES in the HEART VENTRICLES, preventing the valves from reversing themselves when the ventricles contract.

The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.

Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.

Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues using a transducer placed in the esophagus.

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Surgery performed on the heart.

The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.

Infective endocarditis and dentistry: outcome-based research. (1/1481)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis has long been recommended for patients receiving dental care. Two studies of patients with endocarditis found limited risk associated with dental treatment. It is imperative that guidelines for therapy be based on outcome studies and on evidence of safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. (+info)

Endocarditis at the millennium. (2/1481)

The members of the Interplanetary Society (Pus Club) have made significant contributions to the understanding of the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis (IE). Although the incidence of IE has essentially remained unchanged, the spectrum and characteristics of patients potentially affected by this disorder are expanding. Moreover, in addition to the typical microorganisms implicated in IE, there are increasing reports of new or atypical pathogens causing IE, including those that are resistant to standard antibiotic therapy. The infectious diseases community is challenged to continue to provide effective antimicrobial regimens for IE and to further develop diagnostic and surgical strategies to identify and treat patients with this disorder. New information is available regarding the demographics, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options for the management of IE. (+info)

Perivalvular abscesses associated with endocarditis; clinical features and prognostic factors of overall survival in a series of 233 cases. Perivalvular Abscesses French Multicentre Study. (3/1481)

AIMS: The purposes of this study were to determine the clinical features and to identify prognostic factors of abscesses associated with infective endocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS: During a 5-year period from January 1989, 233 patients with perivalvular abscesses associated with infective endocarditis were enrolled in a retrospective multicentre study. Of the patients, 213 received medical surgical therapy and 20 medical therapy alone. No causative microorganism could be identified in 31% of cases. Sensitivity for the detection of abscesses was 36 and 80%, respectively using transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. Surgical treatment consisted of primary suture of the abscess (38%), insertion of a felt aortic or mitral ring using Teflon or pericardium (42%), or debridment of the abscess cavity (20%). The 1 month operative mortality was 16%. Actuarial rates for overall survival at 3 and 27 months in operated patients were 75 +/- 10% and 59 +/- 11%, respectively. Increasing patient age, staphylococcal infection, and fistulization of the abscess were found to be independent risk factors in both 1 month and overall operative mortality. Renal failure was a risk factor predictive of operative mortality at 1 month, whereas uncontrolled infection and circumferential abscess were regarded as risk factors predictive of overall operative mortality. CONCLUSION: The data determined prognostic factors of abscesses associated with infective endocarditis. (+info)

Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study. (4/1481)

AIMS: To determine the incidence and aetiology of heart failure in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: New cases of heart failure were identified from a population of 151 000 served by 82 general practitioners in Hillingdon, West London through surveillance of acute hospital admissions and through a rapid access clinic to which general practitioners referred all new cases of suspected heart failure. On the basis of clinical assessment, electrocardiography, chest radiography and transthoracic echocardiography, a panel of three cardiologists decided that 220 patients met the case definition of new heart failure over a 20 month period (crude incidence rate of 1.3 cases per 1000 population per year for those aged 25 years or over). The incidence rate increased from 0.02 cases per 1000 population per year in those aged 25-34 years to 11.6 in those aged 85 years and over. The incidence was higher in males than females (age-adjusted incidence ratio 1.75 [95% confidence interval 1.34-2.29, P<0.0001]). The median age at presentation was 76 years. The primary aetiologies were coronary heart disease (36%), unknown (34%), hypertension (14%), valve disease (7%), atrial fibrillation alone (5%), and other (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Within the general population, new cases of heart failure largely occur in the elderly, and the incidence is higher in men than women. The single most common aetiology is coronary heart disease, but in a third of cases the aetiology cannot be determined on the basis of non-invasive investigation alone. To be relevant to clinical practice, future clinical trials in heart failure should not exclude the elderly. (+info)

Echocardiographic features of an unusual case of aortic valve endocarditis. (5/1481)

In a patient with aortic valve endocarditis a myocardial abscess, complete heart block and acute aortic regurgitation developed. Echocardiography gave evidence of large aortic valve vegetations, and at operation vegetations were found to have destroyed the right coronary cusp and part of the noncoronary cusp. Following surgery the patient recovered. Echocardiography may prove to be a useful noninvasive technique to aid in the timing of surgical therapy in patients with valvular vegetations. (+info)

The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery. (6/1481)

OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluates the long-term course of aortic valve disease and the need for aortic valve surgery in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease who underwent mitral valve surgery. BACKGROUND: Little is known about the natural history of aortic valve disease in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for rheumatic mitral valve disease. In addition there is no firm policy regarding the appropriate treatment of mild aortic valve disease while replacing the mitral valve. METHODS: One-hundred thirty-one patients (44 male, 87 female; mean age 61+/-13 yr, range 35 to 89) were followed after mitral valve surgery for a mean period of 13+/-7 years. All patients had rheumatic heart disease. Aortic valve function was assessed preoperatively by cardiac catheterization and during follow-up by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: At the time of mitral valve surgery, 59 patients (45%) had mild aortic valve disease: 7 (5%) aortic stenosis (AS), 58 (44%) aortic regurgitation (AR). At the end of follow-up, 96 patients (73%) had aortic valve disease: 33 AS (mild or moderate except in two cases) and 90 AR (mild or moderate except in one case). Among patients without aortic valve disease at the time of the mitral valve surgery, only three patients developed significant aortic valve disease after 25 years of follow-up procedures. Disease progression was noted in three of the seven patients with AS (2 to severe) and in six of the fifty eight with AR (1 to severe). Fifty two (90%) with mild AR remained stable after a mean follow-up period of 16 years. In only three patients (2%) the aortic valve disease progressed significantly after 9, 17 and 22 years. In only six patients of the entire cohort (5%), aortic valve replacement was needed after a mean period of 21 years (range 15 to 33). In four of them the primary indication for the second surgery was dysfunction of the prosthetic mitral valve. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that, among patients with rheumatic heart disease, a considerable number of patients have mild aortic valve disease at the time of mitral valve surgery. Yet most do not progress to severe disease, and aortic valve replacement is rarely needed after a long follow-up period. Thus, prophylactic valve replacement is not indicated in these cases. (+info)

Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment in trauma and critical care. (7/1481)

Cardiac ultrasonography, in particular transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides high-quality real-time images of the beating heart and mediastinal structures. The addition of Doppler technology introduces a qualitative and quantitative assessment of blood flow in the heart and vascular structures. Because of its ease of insertion and ready accessibility, TEE has become an important tool in the routine management of critically ill patients, as a monitor in certain operative settings and in the aortic and cardiac evaluation of trauma patients. The rapid assessment of cardiac preload, contractility and valve function are invaluable in patients with acute hemodynamic decompensation in the intensive care unit as well as in the operating room. Because of its ease and portability, the TEE assessment of traumatic aortic injury after blunt chest trauma can be rapidly undertaken even in patients undergoing life-saving procedures. The role of TEE in the surgical and critical care setting will no doubt increase as more people become aware of its potential. (+info)

Lysostaphin treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis caused by a Staphylococcus aureus isolate with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. (8/1481)

The rabbit model of endocarditis was used to test the effectiveness of vancomycin and two different lysostaphin dosing regimens for the treatment of infections caused by a Staphylococcus aureus strain with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (glycopeptide-intermediate susceptible S. aureus [GISA]). Vancomycin was ineffective, with no evidence of sterilization of aortic valve vegetations. However, rates of sterilization of aortic valve vegetations were significantly better for animals treated with either a single dose of lysostaphin (43%) or lysostaphin given twice daily for 3 days (83%) than for animals treated with vancomycin. Rabbits given a single dose of lysostaphin followed by a 3-day drug-free period had mean reductions in aortic valve vegetation bacterial counts of 7.27 and 6.63 log10 CFU/g compared with those for untreated control rabbits and the vancomycin-treated group, respectively. We conclude that lysostaphin is an effective alternative for the treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis caused by a clinical VISA strain. (+info)

Heart valve diseases are a group of conditions that affect the function of one or more of the heart's four valves (tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic). These valves are responsible for controlling the direction and flow of blood through the heart. Heart valve diseases can cause the valves to become narrowed (stenosis), leaky (regurgitation or insufficiency), or improperly closed (prolapse), leading to disrupted blood flow within the heart and potentially causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and irregular heart rhythms. The causes of heart valve diseases can include congenital defects, age-related degenerative changes, infections, rheumatic heart disease, and high blood pressure. Treatment options may include medications, surgical repair or replacement of the affected valve(s), or transcatheter procedures.

Heart valves are specialized structures in the heart that ensure unidirectional flow of blood through its chambers during the cardiac cycle. There are four heart valves: the tricuspid valve and the mitral (bicuspid) valve, located between the atria and ventricles, and the pulmonic (pulmonary) valve and aortic valve, located between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart.

The heart valves are composed of thin flaps of tissue called leaflets or cusps, which are supported by a fibrous ring. The aortic and pulmonic valves have three cusps each, while the tricuspid and mitral valves have three and two cusps, respectively.

The heart valves open and close in response to pressure differences across them, allowing blood to flow forward into the ventricles during diastole (filling phase) and preventing backflow of blood into the atria during systole (contraction phase). A properly functioning heart valve ensures efficient pumping of blood by the heart and maintains normal blood circulation throughout the body.

The aortic valve is the valve located between the left ventricle (the lower left chamber of the heart) and the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body). It is made up of three thin flaps or leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow. During a heartbeat, the aortic valve opens to allow blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta, and then closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle when it relaxes. Any abnormality or damage to this valve can lead to various cardiovascular conditions such as aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, or infective endocarditis.

A heart valve prosthesis is a medical device that is implanted in the heart to replace a damaged or malfunctioning heart valve. The prosthetic valve can be made of biological tissue (such as from a pig or cow) or artificial materials (such as carbon or polyester). Its function is to allow for the proper directional flow of blood through the heart, opening and closing with each heartbeat to prevent backflow of blood.

There are several types of heart valve prostheses, including:

1. Mechanical valves: These are made entirely of artificial materials and have a longer lifespan than biological valves. However, they require the patient to take blood-thinning medication for the rest of their life to prevent blood clots from forming on the valve.
2. Bioprosthetic valves: These are made of biological tissue and typically last 10-15 years before needing replacement. They do not require the patient to take blood-thinning medication, but there is a higher risk of reoperation due to degeneration of the tissue over time.
3. Homografts or allografts: These are human heart valves that have been donated and preserved for transplantation. They have similar longevity to bioprosthetic valves and do not require blood-thinning medication.
4. Autografts: In this case, the patient's own pulmonary valve is removed and used to replace the damaged aortic valve. This procedure is called the Ross procedure and has excellent long-term results, but it requires advanced surgical skills and is not widely available.

The choice of heart valve prosthesis depends on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, lifestyle, and personal preferences.

The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is a two-leaflet valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart. Its function is to ensure unidirectional flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. The mitral valve consists of two leaflets (anterior and posterior), the chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and the left atrial and ventricular myocardium. Dysfunction of the mitral valve can lead to various heart conditions such as mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis.

Aortic valve stenosis is a cardiac condition characterized by the narrowing or stiffening of the aortic valve, which separates the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber) from the aorta (the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body). This narrowing or stiffening prevents the aortic valve from opening fully, resulting in reduced blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and the rest of the body.

The narrowing can be caused by several factors, including congenital heart defects, calcification (hardening) of the aortic valve due to aging, or scarring of the valve due to rheumatic fever or other inflammatory conditions. As a result, the left ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, which can lead to thickening and enlargement of the left ventricular muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy).

Symptoms of aortic valve stenosis may include chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness or fainting, and heart palpitations. Severe aortic valve stenosis can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or even sudden cardiac death. Treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, or surgical intervention such as aortic valve replacement.

Aortic valve insufficiency, also known as aortic regurgitation or aortic incompetence, is a cardiac condition in which the aortic valve does not close properly during the contraction phase of the heart cycle. This allows blood to flow back into the left ventricle from the aorta, instead of being pumped out to the rest of the body. As a result, the left ventricle must work harder to maintain adequate cardiac output, which can lead to left ventricular enlargement and heart failure over time if left untreated.

The aortic valve is a trileaflet valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. During systole (the contraction phase of the heart cycle), the aortic valve opens to allow blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta and then distributed to the rest of the body. During diastole (the relaxation phase of the heart cycle), the aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

Aortic valve insufficiency can be caused by various conditions, including congenital heart defects, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, Marfan syndrome, and trauma. Symptoms of aortic valve insufficiency may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations, and edema (swelling). Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, echocardiography, and other imaging studies. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include medication, surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve, or a combination of both.

A bioprosthesis is a type of medical implant that is made from biological materials, such as heart valves or tendons taken from animals (xenografts) or humans (allografts). These materials are processed and sterilized to be used in surgical procedures to replace damaged or diseased tissues in the body.

Bioprosthetic implants are often used in cardiac surgery, such as heart valve replacement, because they are less likely to cause an immune response than synthetic materials. However, they may have a limited lifespan due to calcification and degeneration of the biological tissue over time. Therefore, bioprosthetic implants may need to be replaced after several years.

Bioprostheses can also be used in other types of surgical procedures, such as ligament or tendon repair, where natural tissue is needed to restore function and mobility. These prostheses are designed to mimic the properties of native tissues and provide a more physiological solution than synthetic materials.

In medical terms, the heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity that functions as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It's responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The human heart is divided into four chambers: two atria on the top and two ventricles on the bottom. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the rest of the body. The heart's rhythmic contractions and relaxations are regulated by a complex electrical conduction system.

Heart valve prosthesis implantation is a surgical procedure where an artificial heart valve is inserted to replace a damaged or malfunctioning native heart valve. This can be necessary for patients with valvular heart disease, including stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leaking), who do not respond to medical management and are at risk of heart failure or other complications.

There are two main types of artificial heart valves used in prosthesis implantation: mechanical valves and biological valves. Mechanical valves are made of synthetic materials, such as carbon and metal, and can last a long time but require lifelong anticoagulation therapy to prevent blood clots from forming. Biological valves, on the other hand, are made from animal or human tissue and typically do not require anticoagulation therapy but may have a limited lifespan and may need to be replaced in the future.

The decision to undergo heart valve prosthesis implantation is based on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, type and severity of valvular disease, and personal preferences. The procedure can be performed through traditional open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic-assisted surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Recovery time varies depending on the approach used and individual patient factors.

Mitral valve insufficiency, also known as mitral regurgitation, is a cardiac condition in which the mitral valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the atrium during contraction of the ventricle. This leads to an increased volume load on the left heart chamber and can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. The condition can be caused by various factors including valve damage due to degenerative changes, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, or trauma. Treatment options include medication, mitral valve repair, or replacement surgery depending on the severity and underlying cause of the insufficiency.

The pulmonary valve, also known as the pulmonic valve, is a semilunar valve located at the exit of the right ventricle of the heart and the beginning of the pulmonary artery. It has three cusps or leaflets that prevent the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during ventricular diastole, ensuring unidirectional flow of blood towards the lungs for oxygenation.

Mitral valve stenosis is a cardiac condition characterized by the narrowing or stiffening of the mitral valve, one of the four heart valves that regulate blood flow through the heart. This narrowing prevents the mitral valve from fully opening during diastole (relaxation phase of the heart cycle), leading to restricted flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle.

The narrowing or stiffening of the mitral valve can be caused by various factors, such as rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, aging, or calcium deposits on the valve leaflets. As a result, the left atrium has to work harder to pump blood into the left ventricle, causing increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, coughing, and heart palpitations.

Mitral valve stenosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging techniques like echocardiography or cardiac catheterization. Treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications, as well as surgical interventions such as mitral valve repair or replacement to alleviate the stenosis and improve heart function.

The tricuspid valve is the heart valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle in the human heart. It is called "tricuspid" because it has three leaflets or cusps, which are also referred to as flaps or segments. These cusps are named anterior, posterior, and septal. The tricuspid valve's function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium during systole, ensuring unidirectional flow of blood through the heart.

Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is defined as a chronic heart condition caused by damage to the heart valves due to untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal throat infection (strep throat). The immune system's response to this infection can mistakenly attack and damage the heart tissue, leading to inflammation and scarring of the heart valves. This damage can result in narrowing, leakage, or abnormal functioning of the heart valves, which can further lead to complications such as heart failure, stroke, or infective endocarditis.

RHD is a preventable and treatable condition if detected early and managed effectively. It primarily affects children and young adults in developing countries where access to healthcare and antibiotics for strep throat infections may be limited. Long-term management of RHD typically involves medications, regular monitoring, and sometimes surgical intervention to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart condition where the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart, doesn't function properly. In MVP, one or both of the mitral valve flaps (known as leaflets) bulge or billow into the left atrium during the contraction of the left ventricle. This prolapse can cause a leakage of blood back into the atrium, known as mitral regurgitation. In many cases, MVP is asymptomatic and doesn't require treatment, but in some instances, it may lead to complications such as infective endocarditis or arrhythmias. The exact causes of MVP are not fully understood, but it can be associated with certain genetic factors, connective tissue disorders, and mitral valve abnormalities present at birth.

Calcinosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal deposit of calcium salts in various tissues of the body, commonly under the skin or in the muscles and tendons. These calcium deposits can form hard lumps or nodules that can cause pain, inflammation, and restricted mobility. Calcinosis can occur as a complication of other medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, kidney disease, and hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood). In some cases, the cause of calcinosis may be unknown. Treatment for calcinosis depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to manage calcium levels, physical therapy, and surgical removal of large deposits.

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, often expressed as beats per minute (bpm). It can vary significantly depending on factors such as age, physical fitness, emotions, and overall health status. A resting heart rate between 60-100 bpm is generally considered normal for adults, but athletes and individuals with high levels of physical fitness may have a resting heart rate below 60 bpm due to their enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Monitoring heart rate can provide valuable insights into an individual's health status, exercise intensity, and response to various treatments or interventions.

Tricuspid valve insufficiency, also known as tricuspid regurgitation, is a cardiac condition in which the tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart does not close properly, allowing blood to flow back into the right atrium during contraction of the right ventricle. This results in a portion of the blood being pumped inefficiently, which can lead to volume overload of the right side of the heart and potentially result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. The condition can be congenital or acquired, with common causes including dilated cardiomyopathy, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and trauma.

Bacterial endocarditis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and infection of the inner layer of the heart, known as the endocardium. This infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and attach themselves to damaged or abnormal heart valves or other parts of the endocardium. The bacteria can then multiply and cause the formation of vegetations, which are clusters of infected tissue that can further damage the heart valves and lead to serious complications such as heart failure, stroke, or even death if left untreated.

Bacterial endocarditis is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. Risk factors for developing bacterial endocarditis include pre-existing heart conditions such as congenital heart defects, artificial heart valves, previous history of endocarditis, or other conditions that damage the heart valves. Intravenous drug use is also a significant risk factor for this condition.

Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis may include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a new or changing heart murmur. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood cultures, and imaging tests such as echocardiography. Treatment usually involves several weeks of intravenous antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and in some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart chambers and heart valves, called the endocardium. This inflammation typically results from a bacterial or, less commonly, fungal infection that travels through the bloodstream and attaches to damaged areas of the heart.

There are two main types of endocarditis:

1. Acute Endocarditis: Develops quickly and can be severe, causing fever, chills, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart murmurs. It may lead to serious complications like heart failure, embolism (blood clots that travel to other parts of the body), and damage to heart valves.

2. Subacute Endocarditis: Develops more slowly, often causing milder symptoms that can be mistaken for a cold or flu. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, fever, night sweats, weight loss, joint pain, and heart murmurs. Subacute endocarditis is more likely to affect people with previously damaged heart valves or congenital heart conditions.

Treatment usually involves several weeks of intravenous antibiotics or antifungal medications, depending on the cause of the infection. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair or replace damaged heart valves. Preventive measures include good oral hygiene and prompt treatment of infections, especially in individuals at a higher risk for endocarditis, such as those with congenital heart defects, artificial heart valves, or previous history of endocarditis.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. They can affect any part of the heart's structure, including the walls of the heart, the valves inside the heart, and the major blood vessels that lead to and from the heart.

Congenital heart defects can range from mild to severe and can cause various symptoms depending on the type and severity of the defect. Some common symptoms of CHDs include cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails), shortness of breath, fatigue, poor feeding, and slow growth in infants and children.

There are many different types of congenital heart defects, including:

1. Septal defects: These are holes in the walls that separate the four chambers of the heart. The two most common septal defects are atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD).
2. Valve abnormalities: These include narrowed or leaky valves, which can affect blood flow through the heart.
3. Obstruction defects: These occur when blood flow is blocked or restricted due to narrowing or absence of a part of the heart's structure. Examples include pulmonary stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
4. Cyanotic heart defects: These cause a lack of oxygen in the blood, leading to cyanosis. Examples include tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries.

The causes of congenital heart defects are not fully understood, but genetic factors and environmental influences during pregnancy may play a role. Some CHDs can be detected before birth through prenatal testing, while others may not be diagnosed until after birth or later in childhood. Treatment for CHDs may include medication, surgery, or other interventions to improve blood flow and oxygenation of the body's tissues.

Venous valves are one-way flaps made of thin, flexible tissue that lie inside your veins. They allow blood to flow towards the heart but prevent it from flowing backward. These valves are especially important in the veins of the legs, where they help to counteract the force of gravity and ensure that blood flows back up to the heart. When venous valves become damaged or weakened, blood can pool in the veins, leading to conditions such as varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency.

Echocardiography is a medical procedure that uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart's structure, function, and motion. It is a non-invasive test that can help diagnose various heart conditions, such as valve problems, heart muscle damage, blood clots, and congenital heart defects.

During an echocardiogram, a transducer (a device that sends and receives sound waves) is placed on the chest or passed through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart. The sound waves produced by the transducer bounce off the heart structures and return to the transducer, which then converts them into electrical signals that are processed to create images of the heart.

There are several types of echocardiograms, including:

* Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE): This is the most common type of echocardiogram and involves placing the transducer on the chest.
* Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): This type of echocardiogram involves passing a specialized transducer through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart from a closer proximity.
* Stress echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram is performed during exercise or medication-induced stress to assess how the heart functions under stress.
* Doppler echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram uses sound waves to measure blood flow and velocity in the heart and blood vessels.

Echocardiography is a valuable tool for diagnosing and managing various heart conditions, as it provides detailed information about the structure and function of the heart. It is generally safe, non-invasive, and painless, making it a popular choice for doctors and patients alike.

Heart disease is a broad term for a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. It's often used to refer to conditions that include:

1. Coronary artery disease (CAD): This is the most common type of heart disease. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances, which can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or a heart attack.

2. Heart failure: This condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by various conditions, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy.

3. Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms, which can be too fast, too slow, or irregular. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and fainting.

4. Valvular heart disease: This involves damage to one or more of the heart's four valves, which control blood flow through the heart. Damage can be caused by various conditions, including infection, rheumatic fever, and aging.

5. Cardiomyopathy: This is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. It can be caused by various factors, including genetics, viral infections, and drug abuse.

6. Pericardial disease: This involves inflammation or other problems with the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It can cause chest pain and other symptoms.

7. Congenital heart defects: These are heart conditions that are present at birth, such as a hole in the heart or abnormal blood vessels. They can range from mild to severe and may require medical intervention.

8. Heart infections: The heart can become infected by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to various symptoms and complications.

It's important to note that many factors can contribute to the development of heart disease, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing heart disease.

Cardiac valve annuloplasty is a surgical procedure that involves repairing and reinforcing the ring-like structure (annulus) surrounding the heart valves, primarily the mitral or tricuspid valves. This procedure is often performed to correct valve leaks or regurgitation caused by various conditions such as valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy.

During the annuloplasty procedure, the surgeon typically uses an artificial ring-like device (annuloplasty ring) made of fabric, metal, or a combination of both to reshape and stabilize the damaged annulus. The ring is sewn in place, reducing the size of the valve opening and helping the valve leaflets to coapt properly, thereby preventing valve leaks and improving heart function.

Annuloplasty can be performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with other cardiac surgeries such as valve replacement or repair. The specific technique and approach may vary depending on the individual patient's needs and the surgeon's preference.

The chordae tendineae are cord-like tendons that attach the heart's papillary muscles to the tricuspid and mitral valves in the heart. They play a crucial role in preventing the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. The chordae tendineae ensure that the cusps of the atrioventricular valves close properly and maintain their shape during the cardiac cycle. Damage to these tendons can result in heart conditions such as mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Prosthesis design is a specialized field in medical device technology that involves creating and developing artificial substitutes to replace a missing body part, such as a limb, tooth, eye, or internal organ. The design process typically includes several stages: assessment of the patient's needs, selection of appropriate materials, creation of a prototype, testing and refinement, and final fabrication and fitting of the prosthesis.

The goal of prosthesis design is to create a device that functions as closely as possible to the natural body part it replaces, while also being comfortable, durable, and aesthetically pleasing for the patient. The design process may involve collaboration between medical professionals, engineers, and designers, and may take into account factors such as the patient's age, lifestyle, occupation, and overall health.

Prosthesis design can be highly complex, particularly for advanced devices such as robotic limbs or implantable organs. These devices often require sophisticated sensors, actuators, and control systems to mimic the natural functions of the body part they replace. As a result, prosthesis design is an active area of research and development in the medical field, with ongoing efforts to improve the functionality, comfort, and affordability of these devices for patients.

Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions. In this procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and threaded up to the heart. The catheter can be used to perform various diagnostic tests, such as measuring the pressure inside the heart chambers and assessing the function of the heart valves.

Cardiac catheterization can also be used to treat certain cardiovascular conditions, such as narrowed or blocked arteries. In these cases, a balloon or stent may be inserted through the catheter to open up the blood vessel and improve blood flow. This procedure is known as angioplasty or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Cardiac catheterization is typically performed in a hospital cardiac catheterization laboratory by a team of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, radiologists, and nurses. The procedure may be done under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia, depending on the individual patient's needs and preferences.

Overall, cardiac catheterization is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various heart conditions, and it can help improve symptoms, reduce complications, and prolong life for many patients.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a type of echocardiogram, which is a medical test that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart. In TEE, a special probe containing a transducer is passed down the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) to obtain views of the heart from behind. This allows for more detailed images of the heart structures and function compared to a standard echocardiogram, which uses a probe placed on the chest. TEE is often used in patients with poor image quality from a standard echocardiogram or when more detailed images are needed to diagnose or monitor certain heart conditions. It is typically performed by a trained cardiologist or sonographer under the direction of a cardiologist.

Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body or do so only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. It can be caused by various cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Heart failure is often classified based on the ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during each contraction. A reduced EF (less than 40%) is indicative of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while a preserved EF (greater than or equal to 50%) is indicative of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is also a category of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) for those with an EF between 40-49%.

Cardiac surgical procedures are operations that are performed on the heart or great vessels (the aorta and vena cava) by cardiothoracic surgeons. These surgeries are often complex and require a high level of skill and expertise. Some common reasons for cardiac surgical procedures include:

1. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): This is a surgery to improve blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease. During the procedure, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is used to create a detour around the blocked or narrowed portion of the coronary artery.
2. Valve repair or replacement: The heart has four valves that control blood flow through and out of the heart. If one or more of these valves become damaged or diseased, they may need to be repaired or replaced. This can be done using artificial valves or valves from animal or human donors.
3. Aneurysm repair: An aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of an artery that can bulge out and potentially rupture. If an aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it may require surgical repair to prevent rupture.
4. Heart transplantation: In some cases, heart failure may be so severe that a heart transplant is necessary. This involves removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart.
5. Arrhythmia surgery: Certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) may require surgical treatment. One such procedure is called the Maze procedure, which involves creating a pattern of scar tissue in the heart to disrupt the abnormal electrical signals that cause the arrhythmia.
6. Congenital heart defect repair: Some people are born with structural problems in their hearts that require surgical correction. These may include holes between the chambers of the heart or abnormal blood vessels.

Cardiac surgical procedures carry risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and death. However, for many patients, these surgeries can significantly improve their quality of life and longevity.

The heart atria are the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and deliver it to the lower chambers, or ventricles. There are two atria in the heart: the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle, which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated; and the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle, which then sends it out to the rest of the body. The atria contract before the ventricles during each heartbeat, helping to fill the ventricles with blood and prepare them for contraction.

Tissue engineering Valvular heart disease Valve replacement Artificial heart valve Nanotechnology Jegatheeswaran A, Butany J ( ... Goldsmith I, Turpie AG, Lip GY (November 2002). "Valvar heart disease and prosthetic heart valves". BMJ. 325 (7374): 1228-31. ... Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) offer a new and advancing proposed treatment of creating a living heart valve for people ... Tissue engineered heart valves offer certain advantages over traditional biological and mechanical valves: Living valve - The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering_of_heart_valves

... valvular heart disease). Artificial heart valves can be separated into three broad classes: mechanical heart valves, ... An artificial heart valve is a one-way valve implanted into a person's heart to replace a heart valve that is not functioning ... The human heart contains four valves: tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and aortic valve. Their main purpose is to ... An artificial heart valve should ideally function like a natural heart valve. The functioning of natural heart valves is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_heart_valve

Valvular heart disease is diagnosed by echocardiography, which is a form of ultrasound. Damaged and defective heart valves can ... Function of heart valves Artificial heart valve Pericardial heart valves Bjork-Shiley valve This article incorporates text in ... A heart valve is a one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart. Four valves are ... The heart also has a coronary sinus valve and an inferior vena cava valve, not discussed here. The heart valves and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve

Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 2 (1): 80-93. PMID 7505702. "Normal Heart". myhealth.alberta.ca. Samak, M; Fatullayev, J; ... of patients with aortic valve stenosis have a congenital heart abnormality called a bicuspid aortic valve. The aortic valve is ... Aortic valve stenosis is the most common cause of LVOTO. Aortic valve stenosis means the aortic valve has narrowed and is not ... Pulmonary atresia Pulmonary valve stenosis Hypoplastic right heart syndrome Tetralogy of Fallot A left ventricular outflow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_outflow_tract_obstruction

Pate GE, Chandavimol M, Naiman SC, Webb JG (2004). "Heyde's syndrome: a review". The Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 13 (5): ... Valvular heart disease, Digestive diseases, Syndromes affecting the heart, Syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract). ... The Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 13 (5): 713-6. ISSN 0966-8519. PMID 15473467. Batur P, Stewart WJ, Isaacson JH (2003). " ... acquired von Willebrand's disease and is an effective prophylactic agent for the reduction of bleeding during heart valve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyde's_syndrome

The Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 19 (5): 669-670. ISSN 0966-8519. PMID 21053748. Kalavakunta, Jagadeesh K.; Martin, David; ... A papillary fibroelastoma is a primary tumor of the heart that typically involves one of the valves of the heart. Papillary ... In the case of aortic valve involvement, excision of the tumor is often valve-sparing, meaning that replacement of the valve ... Heart neoplasia, Heart diseases, Congenital disorders, Autosomal recessive disorders, X-linked recessive disorders, Rare ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_fibroelastoma

... are often observed in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease due to inflammation of the heart valve or inflammation of the heart ... Heart complications are the most important aspect of Kawasaki disease, which is the leading cause of heart disease acquired in ... "Aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation due to Kawasaki disease. Report of two cases". The Journal of Heart Valve ... The disease is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries, which include the formation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease

... a lifelong autologous fetal stem cell source for heart valve tissue engineering". The Journal of Heart Valve Disease. 17 (4): ... Mahla RS (2016). "Stem cells application in regenerative medicine and disease threpeutics". International Journal of Cell ... where the cells prolonged survival of the animals by slowing down the progression of the disease. The same effect was observed ... acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study". Lancet. 371 (9624): 1579-1586. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60690-X. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_stem_cells

... or the mitral valve may be narrowed (mitral stenosis). Rheumatic heart disease often affects the mitral valve; the valve may ... The heart valves are all one-way valves allowing blood flow in just one direction. The mitral valve and the tricuspid valve are ... The mitral valve (/ˈmaɪtrəl/), also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, is one of the four heart valves ... Rheumatic heart disease often affects the mitral valve. The valve may also be affected by infective endocarditis. There are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve

Northwestern Memorial Center for Heart Valve Disease. Marfan syndrome Archived 2012-04-22 at the Wayback Machine "Pneumothorax ... Leaky heart valve Malocclusion Micrognathia (small lower jaw) Mitral valve prolapse Myopia (nearsightedness) Obstructive lung ... or leads to failure of the aortic or other valve, then surgery (possibly a composite aortic valve graft or valve-sparing aortic ... The goal of this treatment strategy is to slow the progression of aortic dilation and prevent any damage to heart valves by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfan_syndrome

Here, they worked on repairing heart valves in people with severe valvular heart disease and heart failure. Four of their cases ... Three had severe aortic valve disease and one had rheumatic heart disease with multiple affected valves. All four had a poor ... "An evaluation of the Ross operation in adults". Journal of Heart Valve Disease. Vol. 15, No. 4 (July 2006), pp. 531-9. PMID ... "Texas Heart Institute Medal and the Ray C. Fish Award for Scientific Achievement in Cardiovascular Diseases". Texas Heart ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdi_Yacoub

In some valvular heart diseases repair where possible is preferable to valve replacement. A mechanical heart valve is a ... Heart valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure, carried out to repair one or more faulty heart valves. ... of the mitral valve.[citation needed] Aortic valve repair is a surgical procedure used to correct some aortic valve disorders ... Aortic valve repair is performed less often and is more technically difficult than mitral valve repair. There are two surgical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve_repair

Tutarel, O. (2004). The quadricuspid aortic valve: a comprehensive review. The Journal of Heart Valve Disease, 13(4), 534-537. ... Congenital heart defects, Diseases of the aorta, Rare diseases). ... A quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital heart ... and aortic valve replacement, usually with a synthetic valve. Quadricuspid aortic valves are very rare cardiac valvular ... Heart, 98(24), 1838-1838. Janosi, R. A., Lind, T., Buck, T., & Erbel, R. (2013). Quadricuspid Aortic Valve Revealed by Real- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadricuspid_aortic_valve

December 2007). "Heart valve regurgitation, pergolide use, and parkinson disease: an observational study and meta-analysis". ... Antonini A, Poewe W (September 2007). "Fibrotic heart-valve reactions to dopamine-agonist treatment in Parkinson's disease". ... "Improving outcome of valve replacement for carcinoid heart disease". The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 158 (1 ... The heart valve changes seen with moderate and intermittent use can result in permanent damage and life-threatening heart ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_fibrosis

"CAROL Act will prioritize research on heart valve disease". American Heart Association. Retrieved February 23, 2023. "ACC- ... Barr: Honoring Carol Barr by Taking on Heart Valve Disease". Congressman Andy Barr. March 3, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021 ... "Congressman Barr Introduces the CAROL Act to Honor Carol Leavell Barr, Fight Valvular Heart Disease". Congressman Andy Barr. ... of natural causes from ventricular arrhythmia caused by a heart condition known as mitral valve prolapse, at the family's home ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Barr_(American_politician)

"National Heart Foundation". en.banglapedia.org. Banglapedia. Retrieved 4 October 2017. "Valve repair for rare heart disease now ... National Heart Foundation was founded in 1979. The foundation established the Heart Diseases Institute and Hospital in Mirpur. ... "The National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh is granted the World No Tobacco Day Award 2018". World Heart Federation. 4 June ... control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Bangladesh". For the first time, The National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh (NHFB) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heart_Foundation_(Bangladesh)

Boyd, Jane (February 9, 2006). "Researchers take aim at causes of heart-valve disease". news.rice.ed. Retrieved January 22, ... Her research focuses on an engineering approach to heart disease. Grande-Allen earned her Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics and ... Boyd, Jane (April 21, 2011). "Rice wins $1.2 million for heart-valve tissue research". news.rice.edu. Retrieved January 22, ... Hutchins, Shawn (August 4, 2010). "Bioengineer recognized for research into structure-function relationship of heart valves". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Grande-Allen

... was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 after reports of heart valve disease and continued findings of ... "Long-term serotonin administration induces heart valve disease in rats". Circulation. 111 (12): 1517-22. doi:10.1161/01.CIR. ... For all ex-users, there was a 7-fold increase of chances of needing surgery for faulty heart valves caused by the drug. In ... According to a study of 5,743 former users conducted by a plaintiff's expert cardiologist, damage to the heart valve continued ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenfluramine

Aortic valve stenosis and mitral valve dysplasia are heart diseases. Diagnosis is made by color doppler echocardiography ... Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and Bull Terrier hereditary nephritis (BTHN) are autosomal dominant diseases. PKD is diagnosed ... PLL is a late-onset disease that typically affects dogs between the ages of mid-2 and 7. Younger and older cases are known. In ... The Bull Terrier does not carry the PLL gene, so all progeny are phenotypically normal for the disease. Dogs portal List of dog ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_Bull_Terrier

Hutcheson JD, Setola V, Roth BL, Merryman WD (November 2011). "Serotonin receptors and heart valve disease--it was meant 2B". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metergoline

Greenberg, Brigitte (2 October 1999). "Hardening of a tiny valve may predict future heart disease". The Leader-Post. Regina, ... The major fields she works in are valvular heart disease, adult congenital heart disease, and echocardiography. She obtained a ... Valvular Heart Disease, 3rd ed, Elsevier/Saunders, 2009 C. Otto. Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 4th ed, Elsevier, 2009 ... Templer, Laura (2013). "Introducing the Heart Editorial Board". Heart. 100 (1): 6-11. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305254. S2CID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Otto

Hutcheson, J. D., Setola, V., Roth, B. L., & Merryman, W. D. (2011). Serotonin receptors and heart valve disease-it was meant ... implications for cardiac and pulmonary disease. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 318(2), 604-610. Karila ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_receptor_agonist

Antonini, Angelo; Poewe, Werner (2007). "Fibrotic heart-valve reactions to dopamine-agonist treatment in Parkinson's disease". ... August 2006). "Valvular heart disease in Parkinson's disease vs. controls: An echocardiographic study". Movement Disorders. 21 ... Ergoline agonists are much less used nowadays because of the risk of cartilage formation in heart valves. Depressive symptoms ... A high risk for valvular heart disease has been established in association with ergot-derived agonists especially in elderly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_agonist

Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. Causes include genetics, alcohol, ... Thyroid disease Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis and connective tissue diseases Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy ... but only in the presence of ischemic heart disease A person who has dilated cardiomyopathy may have an enlarged heart, with ... It is a type of cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases that primarily affects the heart muscle. The diagnosis may be supported by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilated_cardiomyopathy

... in Conditions Other Than Mitral Valve Disease". British Heart Journal. 19 (4): 495-502. doi:10.1136/hrt.19.4.495. PMC 503959. ... He published over 400 articles that form the basis of much of our current understanding of heart disease. His major ... Measurement in the intensive care of heart disease". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 58 (10): 773-775. doi: ... In the 1960s he realised that research into heart disease was underfunded and, together with Sir John McMichael, supported the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Parsons_Shillingford

Some cases have been found in children who had previous heart-valve disease; these children got endocarditis from B. henselae ... "Bartonellosis". Lyme Disease. 2018-04-11. Retrieved 2023-04-10. "Bartonella henselae infection or cat scratch disease (CSD) , ... "Cat Scratch Disease in Connecticut-Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Evaluation of a New Diagnostic Test." New England Bartonella ... "Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures." Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartonella_henselae

Clinical investigation topics include congestive heart failure, Raynaud's disease and mitral valve disease. Extramural honors ... Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and ... December 2008). "ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American ... "Percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale in left-sided carcinoid heart disease". Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 4 (8): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_L._Halperin

As Smithy began to operate on a series of patients with heart valve disease, he started to correspond with eminent heart ... surgical treatment for diseased heart valves). Smithy's interest in heart valve dysfunction was also personal; he suffered from ... Smithy's interest in this area was heightened by his own heart valve problem; he suffered from narrowing of the aortic valve ... Weisse, Allen B. (2002). Heart to Heart: The Twentieth Century Battle Against Cardiac Disease. Rutgers University Press. pp. 79 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Smithy

... conducting the first successful replacement of a mitral valve to treat heart disease; and the creation of blood tests to ... infectious diseases, blood disorders, heart disease, lung disease, alcoholism and drug abuse. More than 500,000 patients from ... the use of nitroglycerin to treat heart attacks; identifying a genetic component in schizophrenia; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Clinical_Center

... mitral valve disease is generally (as in humans) a disease of old age. The "hinge" on the heart's mitral valve loosens and can ... Nearly all Cavaliers eventually have mitral valve disease, with heart murmurs that may progressively worsen, leading to heart ... "Mitral Valve Disease and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels". CavalierHealth.org. Retrieved 14 November 2009. "Mitral Valve Disease ... Cavaliers can notably be prone to mitral valve disease, which leads to heart failure. This appears in many Cavaliers at some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier_King_Charles_Spaniel

The goal of the Target: Aortic Stenosis program is to enhance the patient experience from symptom onset to appropriate diagnosis and follow-through, to timely treatment and disease management. (heart.org)
Heart valve disease may include a narrowed valve, called valve stenosis. (mayoclinic.org)
Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common and serious heart valve disease problems. (beckershospitalreview.com)
More than 1.7 million Americans over age 65 have severe aortic stenosis, and without valve replacement, as few as half survive beyond two years 1 . (beckershospitalreview.com)
More information on the American Heart Association's Target: Aortic Stenosis program can be found at www.heart.org/TargetAS . (beckershospitalreview.com)
In valve disease, the valve may narrow (stenosis), reducing blood flow, or leak (regurgitation), allowing blood to flow backward through the valve. (emoryhealthcare.org)
Sutter's heart specialists offer comprehensive treatment for valve stenosis and regurgitation with excellent outcomes. (sutterhealth.org)
These procedures use catheters, echocardiogram and X-ray guidance, and technologically advanced implantable devices to treat aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, avoiding the need for open heart surgery. (sutterhealth.org)
After a newborn is treated for truncus arteriosus , he can develop truncal valve stenosis and or truncal valve regurgitation. (childrenshospital.org)
Of those patients undergoing a truncal valve repair instead of replacement, 94 percent showed significant decrease in the leakage of the valve, and 100 percent showed no stenosis. (childrenshospital.org)
These days it is caused mainly by degenerative diseases resulting in aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, which tend to increase with age. (raconteur.net)
A study in Vienna recently showed that patients with severe aortic stenosis have their symptoms detected sooner and therefore their symptoms are less severe when they are seen within a heart valve clinic compared to those referred from other clinics. (raconteur.net)
Mitral stenosis is characterized by obstruction to LV inflow at the level of mitral valve due to structural abnormality of the mitral valve apparatus. (medscape.com)
Up to half of symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis - where the aortic valve is damaged or stiffened - die within two years of developing symptoms if not treated. (croi.ie)
CardioSmart's Heart Valve Disease Hub provides patients with information and tools to better understand heart valve disease, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation and more. (acc.org)
Endocarditis (infection on the heart valve) - a serious condition that can cause stenosis, regurgitation, sepsis, thrombosis or embolism (particles flying off into the blood stream) or abscesses (aggressive cavities of infection that eat away at healthy tissue). (lhch.nhs.uk)
If the blood cannot pass through freely, as occurs in mitral stenosis, the heart does not fill adequately with each beat and can be less efficient. (lhch.nhs.uk)
Narrowing of the valve (stenosis). (herhealthva.com)
Heart valves can develop both regurgitation and stenosis at the same time. (herhealthva.com)
Often the aortic valve may also develop regurgitation in addition to stenosis. (herhealthva.com)
Aortic valve stenosis. (herhealthva.com)
It can often mean valve regurgitation or stenosis. (herhealthva.com)
TAVR is used for people with severe aortic stenosis who aren't healthy enough to have open chest surgery to replace a valve . (medlineplus.gov)
In adults, aortic stenosis is most often due to calcium deposits that narrow the valve. (medlineplus.gov)
Heart valve disease can involve regurgitation, leaking of the valve, or stenosis (narrowing of the valve). (cvmedpc.com)
A valve may not be able to open well enough (stenosis) or close well enough (regurgitation). (cardiology-consultants.com)
Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by age-related calcification or scarring of the valve. (sehatnagar.com)
Mitral stenosis is most commonly caused by rheumatic fever, which can lead to scarring and calcification of the valve. (sehatnagar.com)
People with aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve) can have no symptoms for a long period of time. (uclahealth.org)
While medication and lifestyle choices can help slow the progress of aortic stenosis, valve repair or replacement remains the only definitive treatment. (uclahealth.org)
Furthermore, the damage to the valve can cause stenosis or regurgitation , and both can occur in the same valve. (symptoma.com)
According to Dr. Antonio Orraca, Member of the Board of Directors of the Puerto Rican Society of Cardiology are most common in heart disease patients and their time with the main reason Mortality in Puerto Rico and around the world, among them valvular problems, is the most common aortic stenosis, which occurs when the hearts aortic valve narrows. (healthyheartworld.com)
Stenosis is when the opening of the valves becomes damaged or narrows which prohibits blood to flow as it should. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
Patients with isolated TR (without tricuspid stenosis) usually have functional TR related to pulmonary hypertension (secondary or primary) or coexisting mitral valve disease, particularly stenosis. (empendium.com)
Some health conditions make you more susceptible for aortic regurgitation, which includes, Marfan syndrome (long and more flexible joints), ankylosing spondylitis, dissecting aortic aneurysm, aortic stenosis (narrowed aortic valves). (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Blocking of aortic valve by the deposits leads to aortic valve stenosis. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital anomaly but does not cause functional problems unless aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, or dissection or infective endocarditis occurs. (medscape.com)
Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve opening that blocks (obstructs) blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. (msdmanuals.com)
In mitral stenosis, blood flow through the narrowed valve opening is reduced. (msdmanuals.com)
If a woman with severe mitral stenosis becomes pregnant, heart failure may develop rapidly. (msdmanuals.com)
Valve morphology may be predictive of problems of stenosis, insufficiency, or both. (medscape.com)

This is called valve regurgitation. (mayoclinic.org)
Mitral valve regurgitation, the most common type of valve disorder, often comes on suddenly after a heart attack. (sutterhealth.org)
For many people, this is a mild condition without any symptoms or complications, but if the mitral valve regurgitation is severe, the condition may require treatment. (uchicagomedicine.org)
We need to increase our use of valve repair techniques, particularly for some types of mitral regurgitation," says Professor Chambers. (raconteur.net)
After seeing a specialist, I was told I had mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation . (goredforwomen.org)
Mitral regurgitation is where the mitral valve does not close properly as the blood is being ejected out of the left ventricle and forwards to the body through the aorta. (lhch.nhs.uk)
Leakage of the valve (regurgitation or insufficiency). (herhealthva.com)
Mitral regurgitation can be caused by a number of factors, including damage to the valve from infection, congenital defects, or injury. (sehatnagar.com)
People with aortic valve defects can have a variety of symptoms depending on whether blood is leaking into the heart (aortic regurgitation) or blood is restricted from passing into the aorta. (uclahealth.org)
Regurgitation is when one or more valves do not close all the way which causes blood to flow backwards. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
Tricuspid regurgitation ( TR ) is a reversal of blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium due to an incomplete closure of tricuspid valve leaflets. (empendium.com)
Pacemaker and defibrillator leads can interfere with function of the tricuspid valve and lead to varying degrees of regurgitation, which may be progressive. (empendium.com)
men between the age group of 30 and 60 are more prone to aortic valve regurgitation. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Mitral Regurgitation Mitral regurgitation is leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve each time the left ventricle contracts. (msdmanuals.com)
However, redundancy and prolapse of cusp tissue can lead to valve regurgitation. (medscape.com)

With sufficient awareness, health care professionals have an opportune moment during annual physicals to raise questions about AS symptoms and ask about the patient's history of heart murmur - efforts that can allow for cardiovascular imaging," Lindman said. (beckershospitalreview.com)
However, the leading symptom is a heart murmur, a strange whooshing sound your doctor can hear through a stethoscope. (muhealth.org)
MVP is also called "floppy valve syndrome," click-murmur syndrome and Barlow's syndrome. (sutterhealth.org)
If a patient comes into a GP's surgery with a detectable heart murmur and complaining of breathlessness, then alarm bells should be ringing and that patient should be referred for an echocardiogram. (raconteur.net)
Regular checks for a heart murmur using a stethoscope are a vital tool in diagnosing the disease. (croi.ie)
At a routine physical, my primary care physician detected a heart murmur. (goredforwomen.org)
I was told that having a heart murmur and mitral valve prolapse was a rather common occurrence, but I didn't know what it would mean for my future. (goredforwomen.org)
A murmur creates a whooshing sound in the heart. (hemopet.org)
In vet school, veterinarians learn the location of these in the heart and the difference in heart murmur sounds. (hemopet.org)
This is called a heart murmur. (herhealthva.com)
The doctor will listen to your heart with a stethoscope to check for any abnormal heart sounds, such as a murmur, which may indicate valve disease. (sehatnagar.com)
My GP Tells me I have a heart murmur. (starmedspecialist.com)
Your doctor will perform a bodily exam and listen for a heart murmur, a likely sign of a heart valve condition. (healthandbeautytimes.com)
Doctors make the diagnosis after hearing a characteristic heart murmur through a stethoscope placed over the heart, and they use echocardiography to make a more detailed diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Cardiologists and cardiac surgeons who specialize in valvular heart disease evaluate each patient and make a joint decision on the best treatment approach. (ucsfhealth.org)
Valvular heart disease is on the rise with the aging of the United States population, and is second only to coronary artery disease as a cause for open heart surgery. (sciencedaily.com)
The results from the animal studies and now with the human valves demonstrate that valvular heart disease has an active biology which can be treated with medications similar to that of coronary artery disease. (sciencedaily.com)
Dr. Rajamannan's research will be featured at the American College of Cardiology's 2006 Heart Valve Summit being held June 15-17 in Chicago, which will bring together several of the world's leading cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the treatment of valvular heart disease. (sciencedaily.com)
Our structural heart and valvular disease experts offer patients access to the most advanced treatments, including the latest minimally invasive procedures, surgeries, and medical therapies. (medstarhealth.org)
Valvular endothelial cells, one of the two types of cells comprising heart valves, can protect valves from degeneration. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms used by these cells to respond to stress will provide new drug targets for treating valvular disease. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Doppler Evaluation of Mitral Valve Heart Disease Training Video is designed to provide an introduction to the Doppler evaluation of commonly seen mitral valvular heart disease. (gcus.com)
Ergotamine has been associated with numerous vascular complications but only rarely with fibrosing disorders or valvular heart disease. (nih.gov)
The surgically excised mitral and aortic valves were involved by a proliferative process that was strikingly similar to lesions described in patients with carcinoid heart disease and methysergide-associated valvular disease. (nih.gov)
Valvular heart disease is characterized by a defect or deterioration of one of the valves. (symptoma.com)
The presentation of the patient depends on the present valvular disease(s). (symptoma.com)
The symptoms of this valvular abnormality are those of congestive heart failure . (symptoma.com)
Examples include degenerative valve disease, valve infections, and valvular inflammation. (starmedspecialist.com)
2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. (empendium.com)
2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. (empendium.com)
2) Functional TR (most frequent in patients with acquired valvular disease): Dilation of the tricuspid annulus of an anatomically normal valve secondary to the altered right ventricular geometry most commonly caused by pulmonary hypertension, mitral valve disease, right ventricular myocardial infarction, or congenital heart disease (eg, right ventricular outflow obstruction). (empendium.com)

Common causes of valve disease include congenital heart conditions (present from birth), rheumatic fever (often associated with untreated strep throat or scarlet fever), the formation of calcium deposits around the valve, atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of the arteries), and endocarditis (inflammation of the lining inside the heart). (emoryhealthcare.org)
In addition to MVP and heart attack, there are many different causes for heart valve disease, including endocarditis, rheumatic fever, aortic aneurysm and hypertension. (sutterhealth.org)
Do not ignore infections such as rheumatic fever, endocarditis, infected gums so as to prevent or reduce worsening of any type of heart valve disease. (healthyheartworld.com)
Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated if there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve placement or for 6-months after complete repair of heart defect. (medscape.com)
Do you have a heart problem (specifically congenital heart murmurs, heart valve problems, congenital heart disease, or bacterial endocarditis)? (cdc.gov)
Patients with heart valve prosthesis (HVP) and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) are at risk for endocarditis. (lu.se)

There are four valves in the heart - the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve and the aortic valve - and these valves regulate blood flow. (croi.ie)
3. From the Right Ventricle, blood passes through the Pulmonary Valve to the Pulmonary Artery. (hemopet.org)
Pulmonary valve. (herhealthva.com)
With this valve disease, the pulmonary valve does not open enough. (herhealthva.com)
Step 2: The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs. (cardiology-consultants.com)
Other less common types of heart valve disease include tricuspid valve disease and pulmonary valve disease . (sehatnagar.com)
Pulmonary valve disease occurs when the pulmonary valve, which regulates blood flow from the heart to the lungs, becomes damaged or malfunctions. (sehatnagar.com)

This is characterized by a hole the coronary sinus, a major vein in the heart. (uchicagomedicine.org)
The heart has four main arteries: Left Coronary, Right Coronary, Aorta and Pulmonary. (hemopet.org)
Other disease of the heart may also affect the valves, such as coronary heart disease and cardiac muscle diseases which may led to enlargement of the heart chambers and subsequent valve failure. (starmedspecialist.com)
[ 8 ] A left-dominant coronary system (ie, posterior-descending coronary artery arising from the left coronary artery) is more commonly observed with bicuspid aortic valve. (medscape.com)
The left main coronary artery may be up to 50% shorter in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. (medscape.com)
Occasionally, the coronary ostium may be congenitally stenotic in association with bicuspid aortic valve. (medscape.com)
The most common cause of mortality worldwide is cerebrovascular disease (CVD), which includes coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure, CVD and stroke, peripheral artery diseases, carotid artery diseases, and aortoiliac disease. (medscape.com)
therefore, the association between certain periodontal pathogens and coronary artery disease or stroke is gaining more importance. (medscape.com)
The most important of the acquired CVDs are: hypertension,1 stroke, cardiomyopathies, and coronary artery disease. (who.int)
The number of cases of coronary heart disease is increasing, though at a slower rate than in Western countries. (who.int)
6. Hypertension is closely related to the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease and cardiac and renal failure. (who.int)
Unhealthy diet , i.e. high intake of food and/or imbalanced diet with high amounts of salt, sugar and saturated fat, and poor consumption of fruits and vegetables, increases cholesterol and body weight, leading to hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. (who.int)

Years ago, rheumatic fever was the main cause of heart valve disease. (raconteur.net)
The clinical presentation resembles the features of heart failure and usually manifests at 15 to 40 years post- rheumatic fever . (symptoma.com)
Stenotic or partially fused valves caused by inflammatory processes, such as rheumatic fever , are not included in this chapter. (medscape.com)
The disease results from damage to heart valves caused by one or several episodes of rheumatic fever, an autoimmune inflammatory reaction to throat infection caused by group A streptococci (streptococcal pharyngitis). (who.int)
Socioeconomic and environmental factors such as poor housing, undernutrition, overcrowding and poverty are well known contributors to the incidence, magnitude and severity of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. (who.int)
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease lead to increased school absenteeism and drop-out, and lost wages. (who.int)
2013-2020 in actions proposed for Member States calls for a 25% reduction in premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by 2025 and for the secondary prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. (who.int)
Stenotic or partially fused valves caused by inflammatory processes, such as rheumatic fever, are not included. (medscape.com)

Common wisdom in the medical community has always been that thickening of the mitral valves was part of the aging process as deposits of calcium, a mineral found in the blood, built up on the valves. (sciencedaily.com)

You may feel no symptoms of heart valve disease. (muhealth.org)
The webinar will highlight the signs and symptoms of heart valve disease and how it is detected and treated. (croi.ie)
However, the symptoms of heart valve disease can be masked by the natural signs of ageing. (croi.ie)
What are the symptoms of heart valve disease? (herhealthva.com)
Symptoms of heart valve disease may look like other health problems. (herhealthva.com)
Many Canadians dismiss the symptoms of heart valve disease as a sign of aging. (heartvalvevoice.ca)

The American Heart Association continues to drive efforts for timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, improved quality of care initiatives and comprehensive patient and caregiver resources to combat the disease. (beckershospitalreview.com)
Clinical cardiology involves the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. (cvmedpc.com)
Diagnosis of heart valve disease usually begins with a physical exam and medical history review by a doctor. (sehatnagar.com)
Doctors can often diagnosis aortic valve disease during a physical examination. (uclahealth.org)
Carondelet Medical Group provides diagnosis and treatment for complicated cardiac conditions including heart valve disease. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods of high blood pressure, the #1 cause of heart disease and stroke. (withings.com)
Earliest diagnosis and early treatment is the most important step in aortic valve disease. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
This guideline covers the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer in secondary care, including information on the best way to diagnose and identify different stages of the disease, and how to manage adverse effects of treatment. (bvsalud.org)
It aims to improve quality of life and survival for people with heart valve disease through timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention. (bvsalud.org)

When former college athlete and Army veteran Michael Roberts first fell ill last year, he never could have imagined that he'd need to spend two weeks on life-saving support from ECMO, as his struggling heart healed from infection. (emoryhealthcare.org)
Heart valves become damaged for many reasons, including birth defects, infection, other diseases or as part of the aging process. (sphealth.org)
This is a complication of untreated streptococcus throat infection that can damage the heart valves. (heartvascularcentre.com)
This is an infection of the inner lining of the heart that can cause damage to the heart valves. (heartvascularcentre.com)
Valve diseases can be congenital - meaning they are present at birth due to a birth defect - or it may develop as a result of disease or infection. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
You may be born with a heart valve problem, or it may occur due to advancing age or infection. (healthandbeautytimes.com)
Untreated aortic valve disease can result in severe complications such as heart failure, infection, and even sudden death. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
The host response to this infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of the disease. (medscape.com)

Inherited heart diseases are also sometimes known as inherited cardiac conditions or genetic cardiac conditions. (healthline.com)
We offer you comprehensive care and treat you with the latest advancements in heart care - from advanced cardiac imaging to the latest, minimally invasive treatment options. (muhealth.org)
To determine if you're a candidate for heart surgery, your doctor may refer you fordiagnostic procedures, such as a cardiac catheterization. (sutterhealth.org)
Our Cardiac Surgery Program has some of the nation's best outcomes for heart surgery, and we perform more heart surgeries than nearly any other program in the mid-Atlantic region. (medstarhealth.org)
Each day, cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and imaging specialists meet as a team to discuss the cases of patients who have been screened for a structural heart problem. (medstarhealth.org)
Cardiac catheterization is a minimally invasive way to diagnose and treat a variety of heart and vascular conditions by guiding thin, flexible tubes called catheters through blood vessels to problem areas. (medstarhealth.org)
The cardiac computed tomography scan, or cardiac CT, uses X-rays to create three-dimensional images of your heart and blood vessels. (medstarhealth.org)
Magnetic resonance imaging, better known as cardiac MRI, is a combination of radio waves, magnets, and computer technology to create images of your heart and blood vessels. (medstarhealth.org)
Featured speakers include Dr. Joanna Chikwe, Chair of the Department of Cardiac Surgery in the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai, Dr. Jaime Burkle, Clinical Manager of the Piedmont Heart Perimeter Office, and John Roland, a heart valve patient treated during the COVID-19 pandemic. (heart-valve-surgery.com)
If cardiac imaging testing reveals that you have a serious heart valve disorder, our cardiologist will work with you to determine the best treatment protocol. (cvmedpc.com)
In these cases, if left untreated, advanced heart valve disease can lead to heart failure, stroke or death from sudden cardiac arrest. (starmedspecialist.com)
This can be done with cardiac ultrasound also known as echocardiogram to visualise the valve function real time. (starmedspecialist.com)
Your surgeon may do surgery to address one cardiac condition while also replacing or repairing the damaged valve. (healthandbeautytimes.com)
Cardiac catheterization (angiogram)- a small flexible tube called catheter is inserted into the blood vessel that leads to the heart to check if there are any blockages in the heart and its related arteries. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
3. Stroke and cardiac failure, usually associated with hypertension, are the most common forms of heart disease in the African Region. (who.int)

This narrowing can weaken the heart, causing fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain and rapid, fluttering heartbeat 2 . (beckershospitalreview.com)
You are having major heart symptoms, such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fainting spells (syncope), or heart failure. (medlineplus.gov)
When the valves do not function properly, blood flow can be disrupted, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. (heartvascularcentre.com)
Over time, the heart may become weakened and less able to pump blood efficiently, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. (heartvascularcentre.com)

Over time, calcium can build up in the aortic valve-the valve between the heart's main pumping chamber and the aorta-narrowing its opening and restricting blood flow to the heart. (beckershospitalreview.com)
3. From the Left Ventricle, the blood passes through the Aortic Valve to the Aorta. (hemopet.org)
The aorta is a large artery that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. (medlineplus.gov)
Blood flows out of your heart and into the aorta through a valve. (medlineplus.gov)
Most aortic valves are replaced because they restrict flow forward through the aorta to the brain and body. (medlineplus.gov)
Aortic valve disease occurs when the valve that acts like a gateway between the heart and the aorta does not work properly. (uclahealth.org)
A new valve is placed in the ascending aorta to restore aortic valve function. (uclahealth.org)
The aortic valve regulates the blood flow from the ventricles (heart's lower chambers) to the aorta, which is the main artery of the heart. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Bicuspid aortic valve is often observed with other left-sided obstructive lesions such as coarctation of the aorta or interrupted aortic arch , suggesting a common developmental mechanism. (medscape.com)
the conclusion was that valve morphologic characteristics and function and age at the time of coarctation of the aorta repair had no impact to minimal impact on aortic dimensions. (medscape.com)
The mitral valve opens to allow blood from the left atrium to fill the left ventricle and closes as the left ventricle contracts to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium as the ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. (msdmanuals.com)

Often, a valve may not shut properly, which leads to a degree of valve insufficiency. (cvmedpc.com)

The UChicago Medicine Heart-Brain Clinic provides specialized treatment options and preventive care for patients with heart conditions that increase their risk of stroke. (uchicagomedicine.org)
The UChicago Medicine Heart-Brain Clinic provides specialized treatment and preventive care for patients who have heart disease that can increase their risk of stroke. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Croí, the Irish heart and stroke charity, is calling on all adults over the age of 65 years to ask their doctor for an annual stethoscope check to ensure early detection and timely treatment of heart valve disease. (croi.ie)
Heart valve disease can cause heart rhythm problems, heart failure, blood clots, stroke and even death. (croi.ie)
If you live with heart valve disease or love someone who does, I recommend joining Go Red for Women's Facebook community #GoRedGetFit to join a sisterhood of heart disease and stroke survivors to provide support and encouragement. (goredforwomen.org)
In general, Heart Valve Disease can lead to problems such as heart failure, stroke, blood clots, and arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats). (heartvascularcentre.com)
American Heart Association News covers heart disease, stroke and related health issues. (healthyheartworld.com)
4The older the people, the greater the chances of their developing heart disease and stroke. (who.int)

Aortic valve disease can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, infections in the heart, and sudden death may occur in 15 to 20 percent of people who have symptoms. (sciencedaily.com)
Note that AS leads to heart failure and ventricular fibrillation , an arrhythmia that may cause sudden death [6]. (symptoma.com)

Collectively, these studies provide new insights regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate heart valve response to mechanical stress. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
A healthy aortic valve will have three flaps to seal the valve and regulate blood flow. (uchicagomedicine.org)
These valves open and close to regulate blood flow and prevent it from flowing backward. (heartvascularcentre.com)
In heart valve disease , the valves in the heart that regulate blood flow become damaged or malfunctioning. (sehatnagar.com)
Overview of Heart Valve Disorders Heart valves regulate the flow of blood through the heart's four chambers-two small, round upper chambers (atria) and two larger, cone-shaped lower chambers (ventricles). (msdmanuals.com)

Research to be published in the April 18 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology provides the first explanation of an active rather than passive process that leads to heart valve degeneration, furthering a Northwestern researcher's effort to lead a paradigm shift in the medical community's beliefs about the cause of valve disease. (sciencedaily.com)
Many of our heart care programs have been nationally recognized and named among the best by organizations such as the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, U.S. News & World Report, Truven Health Analytics and the Joint Commission. (sutterhealth.org)
Sutter Health Research in General Cardiology investigates the disorders of the heart as well as some parts of the circulatory system. (sutterhealth.org)
Recognize cardiology pathology and correlate the two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography findings associated with various types of mitral valve disease. (gcus.com)
We are thrilled to announce that The Journal of Heart Valve Disease, proudly published by ICR Publishers, is back and ready to resume its mission of advancing the understanding of heart valve diseases and Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine. (icr-heart.com)
Our cardiology program's echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) team has extensive experience diagnosing heart valve disease. (sphealth.org)
Because of their experience, heart valve issues are often identified quickly-and patients can begin receiving treatment through our cardiology care team. (sphealth.org)
[ 2 ] However, bicuspid aortic valve is mentioned only briefly in many pediatric and cardiology textbooks. (medscape.com)
According to the latest American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline on managing patients with lower-extremity PAD, patients should be selected for revascularization based on symptom severity. (medscape.com)

Heart valve disease occurs when one or more heart valves aren't working as well as expected. (healthline.com)
When this occurs, it causes a disruption of the heart rhythm in the ventricles. (healthline.com)
Heart valve disease occurs when at least one of your heart's valves doesn't open or close properly, disrupting blood flow. (medstarhealth.org)
Heart valve disease occurs when these valves become damaged, narrowed or stiffened, effecting blood flow in the heart. (croi.ie)
This valve disease occurs mainly in older adults. (herhealthva.com)
This occurs when the valve opening narrows and restricts blood flow forward. (heartvascularcentre.com)
This occurs when the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow back into the heart. (heartvascularcentre.com)
This occurs when the aortic valve becomes narrowed, which restricts the blood flow from heart to the body. (sehatnagar.com)
Tricuspid valve disease occurs when the tricuspid valve, which regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle, becomes damaged or malfunctions. (sehatnagar.com)
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart valves fail to work properly. (starmedspecialist.com)

Gordon faced having his chest opened during surgery for mitral valve prolapse - until he came to UCSF. (ucsfhealth.org)
Chest X-rays use a small dose of radiation to create pictures of the structures inside the chest, including the lungs, heart, and chest wall. (medstarhealth.org)
They may not listen to the heart or think of valve disease when a patient reports breathlessness or chest tightness on exertion. (raconteur.net)
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a procedure used to replace the aortic valve without opening the chest. (medlineplus.gov)
Radiation therapy to the chest for cancer treatment can damage the heart valves. (sehatnagar.com)
Trauma to the chest or heart can cause damage to the heart valves. (sehatnagar.com)
Through an incision in the chest, heart valve surgery is typically performed. (healthandbeautytimes.com)

Sometimes, blood moves backward through a valve. (mayoclinic.org)
If the valve flaps bulge backward, the condition is called valve prolapse. (mayoclinic.org)
When the valve is faulty, backward flow can occur. (hemopet.org)
And they prevent the backward flow of blood as it leaves each chamber of the heart. (herhealthva.com)
This closes the mitral and tricuspid valves, preventing backward blood flow. (herhealthva.com)
The aortic and pulmonic valves close, preventing backward blood flow into the heart. (herhealthva.com)
When the valve does not close completely, it causes blood to flow backward through the valve. (herhealthva.com)
When it becomes narrow or leaks backward, it can cause heart failure or heart rhythm problems. (denverheart.com)
Here the white blood flows backward from the aortic valve into the ventricles. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)

Heart valve disease interrupts the normal flow of blood through your heart's four valves - aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonic valve and tricuspid valve - and can be very dangerous to your health. (sutterhealth.org)
Each of the heart's four valves can be affected by heart valve disease. (medstarhealth.org)

AOA treatment is Medtronic's biochemical approach to mitigating calcification in the wall and leaflets of tissue valves. (medtronic.com)
The study, led by Dr. Carla Lacerda from the Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, reports that 10 percent cyclic radial strain on isolated mitral valve anterior leaflets provides a true physiological environment that can be used for mechanistic studies and drug discovery. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a congenital disorder in which people are born only two aortic valve leaflets. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Mitral valve prolapse develops when one of the leaflets that act as the seal for the mitral valve have extra tissue that protrudes into the upper left chamber as the heart contracts. (uchicagomedicine.org)
With this birth defect, the aortic valve has only 2 leaflets instead of 3. (herhealthva.com)
With this defect, the mitral valve leaflets bulge and don't close correctly during the contraction of the heart. (herhealthva.com)
The normal aortic valve has three equal-sized leaflets or cusps with three lines of coaptation. (medscape.com)
A congenitally bicuspid aortic valve has two functional leaflets. (medscape.com)
The bicuspid valve is composed of two leaflets or cusps, usually of unequal size. (medscape.com)
Of the valves without raphes, more than 30% of the leaflets were unequal in size. (medscape.com)

An echocardiogram uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of your heart. (medstarhealth.org)
The best way to pick up heart valve disease is with an ultrasound scan of the heart - echocardiogram - and we believe these need to be more widely available," says Professor Chambers. (raconteur.net)
Many GPs who have a special interest in valve disease are taking the lead and developing community-based clinics where patients can have an echocardiogram, and can be followed up and referred appropriately. (raconteur.net)
The echocardiogram uses sound waves to check the heart's structure and how well the heart is pumping blood. (hemopet.org)
An echocardiogram can show the size and shape of the valves, as well as any abnormalities in valve function. (sehatnagar.com)

Women are diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse more often than men and at a younger age, but in the long run we're less likely to have complications. (goredforwomen.org)
If heart valve disease is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications and potentially life-threatening situations. (heartvascularcentre.com)
Our expert team manages the complications of aortic valve disease using the latest advancements in medicine and repairs the valve using both traditional and minimally invasive techniques. (uclahealth.org)
At present there are no medications that cure heart valve disease, although healthy lifestyle and medications may relieve many of the symptoms and reduce the above complications. (starmedspecialist.com)
I think all of us who take care of patients with vascular disease see patients who are very, very complex, and there are going to be some procedures that have complications. (medscape.com)
It aims to prevent or delay the progression, and reduce the risk of complications and cardiovascular disease. (bvsalud.org)
These diseases and their related complications generate a real and significant threat globally and to Eritrea. (who.int)

Heart valve disease that develops from birth is called congenital heart valve disease and is due to heart valves not forming properly. (starmedspecialist.com)

They work with the AHA to raise awareness about heart valve disease and share resources for patients and families. (heart.org)
Providing the best care for patients with heart valve disease requires the close collaboration of different types of heart specialists. (ucsfhealth.org)
Our surgeons have tremendous success in performing mitral valve repairs in patients with early-stage disease. (ucsfhealth.org)
We provide patients with advanced valve disease a quantitative assessment of valve function before beginning appropriate treatment. (ucsfhealth.org)
Medtronic's tissue valve expertise benefits from more than 40 years of experience, research, and skill, allowing us to provide the world with not only choice, but with advanced features that make a difference in patients' lives. (medtronic.com)
The program consists of evidence-based measurement development to better identify and treat patients, as well as multimedia educational resources and self-management care plans for people living with structural heart disease. (beckershospitalreview.com)
Some patients with advanced or complex heart valve problems may need open heart surgery to replace valves. (muhealth.org)
UChicago Medicine's multidisciplinary team delivers the highest level of patient-centered care for structural and heart valve disease.Through constant collaboration and discussion, we create personal treatment plans designed to maximize overall outcomes and quality of life, including those with complex cases or high-risk patients. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease usually have an aortic valve repair or aortic valve replacement surgery to prevent further heart problems. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Paravalvular leaks occur in patients who have undergone valve repairs or replacements. (uchicagomedicine.org)
2. Are patients with heart valve disease at more or less risk for getting infected with COVID-19? (heart-valve-surgery.com)
3. Why and how should patients actively monitor heart valve disease symptoms during COVID-19? (heart-valve-surgery.com)
4. What are the risks (and potential health emergencies) for patients who delay seeking treatment for heart valve disease? (heart-valve-surgery.com)
5. What safety protocols have hospitals implemented to ensure the safety of heart valve patients during COVID-19? (heart-valve-surgery.com)
At the close of the webinar, a live 'Questions & Answers' session enabled patients to ask Dr. Chikwe, Dr. Burkle and John Roland questions about COVID-19 and heart valve disease. (heart-valve-surgery.com)
Elderly Update: Is Heart Valve Surgery Advised For Older Patients? (heart-valve-surgery.com)
Heart Valve Journals Community: How Does It Help Patients? (heart-valve-surgery.com)
Patients are generally asymptomatic at rest during the early stage of the disease. (medscape.com)
Heart valve disease can usually be successfully treated with valve repair or replacement in patients of all ages. (goredforwomen.org)
Clinicians can easily explain heart valve disease to patients using CardioSmart's Heart Valve Disease infographic . (acc.org)
The primary goals of the organization are to raise awareness of heart disease and for patients to receive equal access to advice, support, education and treatment. (valvediseaseday.org)
Our patients live longer, healthier and more unburdened lives, thanks to heart care that counts. (cvmedpc.com)
Please be advised that this information is made available to assist our patients to learn more about their heart health. (cardiology-consultants.com)
At the UCLA Aortic Center, our goal is to improve the quality of life of our patients with aortic valve disease. (uclahealth.org)
Surgeons at UCLA have helped pioneer Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement to provide high-risk patients with an option for permanent repair. (uclahealth.org)
At UCLA, our skilled surgeons perform traditional open valve replacement as well as the latest minimally invasive technique, called transcatheter valve implantation, to provide the best option for our patients. (uclahealth.org)
Most patients do not present with symptoms, lthough a few exhibit signs of RV impairment and heart failure. (symptoma.com)
Thousands of patients have put their hearts in our capable hands over the years. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
Significant TR with a normal tricuspid valve morphology may develop in patients with main pulmonary artery systolic pressures ≥55 mm Hg. (empendium.com)
Currently, there are over a quarter of a million prosthetic heart valves implanted annually, and the number of patients requiring replacement surgeries is only suspected to rise and even triple over the next fifty years. (wikipedia.org)
On July 15, The New York Times published a broader-based investigation of several vascular specialists said to have performed "risky" procedures on patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who subsequently had to have amputations, or died. (medscape.com)
The risk of developing rheumatic heart disease is up to two times higher for females than males, and females accounted for two thirds of patients with rheumatic heart disease admitted to selected hospitals in 12 countries in the African Region, India and Yemen. (who.int)
In the area of non-communicable diseases, although lots remain to be done, the Ministry of Health is exerting its efforts in the provision of care to patients, with the establishment of dedicated NCD services including NCD corners in all health facilities & NCD clinics in health centers and above levels in all Zones. (who.int)

They then use specialized tools to repair heart valves or, in the case of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) , replace the heart valve altogether. (muhealth.org)
We were one of the country's first five clinical trial sites to evaluate the minimally invasive approach known as a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and we have taken part in every major clinical trial of the procedure ever since. (medstarhealth.org)
A biological valve is used for TAVR. (medlineplus.gov)
For those at higher risk for surgery, minimally invasive valve procedures such as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI/TAVR) , Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty (ballooning of the mitral valve), or MitraClip may be options. (heartvascularcentre.com)

It can also be caused by mitral valve prolapse (MVP), a condition that happens when the two valve flaps inside the mitral valve do not close evenly. (sutterhealth.org)
These valves may not have enough tissue flaps, they may be the wrong size or shape, or they may lack an opening through which blood can flow properly. (starmedspecialist.com)
If a disorder causes the valve flaps to become thick and stiff, the valve opening is narrowed. (msdmanuals.com)

The exciting news is that this line of research suggests that there may be medical treatments in the future that could either treat this disease process. (sciencedaily.com)
Valve disease treatments include monitoring, medication, or surgery to repair or replace a damaged valve. (medstarhealth.org)
According to which of these is affected, the treatments on the mitral valve can vary. (lhch.nhs.uk)
Depending on the underlying reason, many treatments for heart valve disease may be used, such as: Preventing additional valve damage. (healthandbeautytimes.com)
While current treatments offered such as mechanical valves or biological valves are not deleterious to one's health, they both have their own limitations in that mechanical valves necessitate the lifelong use of anticoagulants while biological valves are susceptible to structural degradation and reoperation. (wikipedia.org)

Further specialised ultrasound techniques such as 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, trans-oesophageal and stress echo can allow more precise evaluation of the valve in order to determine the safety of exercise and determine the need for surgery, including open heart surgery to repair the valve or replace it with a metallic valve, or a prosthetic one made of animal tissue. (starmedspecialist.com)

Those with milder severities can be treated with lifestyle changes or medication, but severe cases might require a valve procedure and it is recommended they are evaluated by a multidisciplinary heart team. (beckershospitalreview.com)
Twenty years ago, the standard for care of severe AS cases was surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), but even in the best cases, recovery from the procedure was challenging" said Brian Lindman, M.D., MSCI, American Heart Association volunteer expert and medical director of the Structural Heart and Valve Center and associate professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. (beckershospitalreview.com)
If your disease is severe, you may need surgery to repair or replace the faulty heart valve. (medstarhealth.org)
Severe symptomatic heart valve disease is fatal if left untreated, but timely intervention can prolong survival. (raconteur.net)
Statistics show that one in eight people (13 per cent) over the age of 75 are thought to suffer from moderate to severe heart valve disease which can lead to premature death if left untreated. (croi.ie)
While mild cases may not need treatment, more severe cases may require medication, or other interventions, including open-heart surgery to repair or replace the affected valve. (heartvascularcentre.com)
If a heart valve issue remains not treated, it may become severe. (healthandbeautytimes.com)

1,2,3 The Physiologic Fixation process, used in Medtronic's third generation tissue valves, was developed to address the problem of structural valve deterioration caused by mechanical stress and is designed to maintain native collagen structure and porcine aortic root and leaflet geometry. (medtronic.com)
For further information please see the research topics of Heart Failure, Electrophysiology, Structural Heart, Ischemic Heart. (sutterhealth.org)
Many structural and heart valve defects are conditions that are present at birth. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Our structural heart specialists are trained to repair or replace your valve using some of the latest minimally invasive procedures. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
40 mm Hg suggests structural valve abnormalities. (empendium.com)

The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich blood from your lungs and pumps it through your arteries to your body. (cardiology-consultants.com)
The heart has four valves that control the flow of blood through the chambers of the heart and into the arteries. (sehatnagar.com)
Buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries can cause damage to the heart valves over time. (sehatnagar.com)
uses high-frequncy sound waves to take detailed pictures of the heart and the arteries. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Pacemaker or automatic defibrillator or artificial material in your heart veins or arteries? (cdc.gov)

At MU Health Care, our doctors provide minimally invasive heart valve replacement. (muhealth.org)
Doctors occasionally perform minimally invasive heart surgery, which has fewer incisions than open heart surgery. (healthandbeautytimes.com)

Not all heart murmurs are a sign of heart valve disease. (muhealth.org)
Additionally, the veterinarian will listen to the heart for sounds, murmurs, and arrhythmias/flutters. (hemopet.org)
A: Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds that the heart makes that are usually picked up by the doctor when listening with a stethoscope. (starmedspecialist.com)
Heart murmurs can be harmless or they may be due to health valve disease. (starmedspecialist.com)

When your heart is unable to properly move blood through its chambers out into the body, serious health conditions can occur, like heart failure , a heart attack , or even death. (healthline.com)
Age, calcium metabolism and glutaraldehyde pretreatment all contribute to the failure of tissue valves. (medtronic.com)
Mitral valve disease is a leading cause of atrial fibrillation, which is a major culprit in strokes and heart failure. (sciencedaily.com)
Early treatment is key to preventing heart failure, but many people with AS are unaware or undiagnosed. (beckershospitalreview.com)
Large atrial septal defects can eventually lead to pulmonary hypertension or heart failure. (uchicagomedicine.org)
We have seen many benefits of this type of treatment including an improved quality of life and reduced hospitalizations for heart failure later in life. (denverheart.com)
In acute cases, the clinical picture is that of heart failure as well as cardiogenic shock . (symptoma.com)
It is possible to experience both of these at the same time in more than one valve and can lead to heart failure when left untreated. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
This overload can result in heart failure. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Removes extra fluid from the tissues, reduces the symptoms of heart failure. (gleneaglesglobalhospitals.com)
Heart Failure (HF) Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to keep up with the demands of the body, leading to reduced blood flow, back-up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and/or. (msdmanuals.com)

Listening to the heart with a stethoscope is hard and not always reliable. (raconteur.net)
Indeed, as symptoms are not always present, as a matter of good heart health routine, I would encourage anyone over 65 years to have an annual stethoscope check. (croi.ie)
Your healthcare provider may think you have heart valve disease if your heart doesn't sound right through a stethoscope. (herhealthva.com)
Following my experience, I have become an active advocate for raising awareness about heart valve disease and encourage friends to get regular stethoscope checks. (heartvalvevoice.ca)

The heart has four chambers: Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium and Right Ventricle. (hemopet.org)
2. The blood passes through the Mitral Valve to the Left Ventricle. (hemopet.org)
This valve sits between the atrium and the ventricle on the left hand side and is subjected to the highest pressures of any of the valves in the body as it has to keep closed when the muscular left ventricle is squeezing at its strongest. (lhch.nhs.uk)
Step 3: The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. (cardiology-consultants.com)
Step 4: The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the entire body. (cardiology-consultants.com)
The mitral valve is an important valve in the heart that connects the left atrium to the left ventricle. (denverheart.com)
The mitral valve is in the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle. (msdmanuals.com)

If the aortic valve becomes narrowed and does not allow blood to leave the heart to supply the body, the body and brain are starved of oxygen. (lhch.nhs.uk)

A mechanical valve that won't wear out may be more appropriate for someone with a longer life expectancy to minimize the need for follow-up surgeries. (healthline.com)
Heart valve disease leads to 100,000 surgeries in the U.S. each year to repair or replace damaged valves. (sciencedaily.com)
We have expertise in performing a variety of heart valve surgeries including valve repair and valve replacement both as open heart and minimally invasive procedures. (sutterhealth.org)
All heart surgeries take place in UT Southwesterns William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital , ranked the #1 hospital in Dallas-Fort Worth by U.S. News & World Report . (healthyheartworld.com)

For example, if heart valve replacement surgery is necessary, biological valves made from pig, cow, or human tissue tend to wear out after 10-15 years . (healthline.com)
Our third generation of tissue valve technology brings you AOA ® tissue treatment, the Physiologic Fixation™ process, and now, the Cinch ® Implant System - demonstrating our commitment to innovation. (medtronic.com)
The latest addition to Medtronic's tissue valve portfolio, 3f ® Aortic Bioprosthesis, is the only pericardial tissue valve designed to function like a native human aortic valve. (medtronic.com)
I wanted to know why diseased valves had were hardened with a glassy whitish appearance -- totally different than healthy tissue, which indicated to me that the actual structure of the valves had changed," she says. (sciencedaily.com)
Atrial septal defects are congenital defects where a hole forms in the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria (upper chambers of the heart). (uchicagomedicine.org)
Certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and connective tissue disorders, can increase the risk of heart valve disease. (heartvascularcentre.com)
Abnormalities in this area lead to the development of a bicuspid valve, often through incomplete separation (or fusion) of valve tissue. (medscape.com)
Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) offer a new and advancing proposed treatment of creating a living heart valve for people who are in need of either a full or partial heart valve replacement. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, in situ (in its original position or place) tissue engineering of heart valves serves as a novel approach that explores the use creating a living heart valve composed of the host's own cells that is capable of growing, adapting, and interacting within the human body's biological system. (wikipedia.org)

BHVS president Professor John Chambers explains: "One reason for heart valve disease not being detected is that it often causes no symptoms at first so the patient doesn't know to visit his or her GP. (raconteur.net)
The organisation of care for valve disease could be improved and there is growing international consensus that specialist valve clinics will improve care and reduce costs," says Professor Chambers. (raconteur.net)
Valves are located between each of the chambers. (hemopet.org)
We will start with the significant heart valve conditions in dogs by the route blood flows through the heart, and then discuss holes in the septums separating the heart chambers or in the valves. (hemopet.org)
The heart has 4 chambers: 2 upper chambers (atria) and 2 lower chambers (ventricles). (herhealthva.com)
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are very fast electrical discharge patterns that make the atria (upper chambers of the heart) contract very rapidly, with some of the electrical impulses. (msdmanuals.com)

Sinus venosus is classified as a hole between the superior vena cava (main vein that is returning blood from the upper body) and the right atrium (right upper chamber of the heart). (uchicagomedicine.org)
Step 1: The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. (cardiology-consultants.com)

Some people are born with heart valve abnormalities that can lead to heart valve disease. (heartvascularcentre.com)

Valve sparing surgery is a procedure to repair an aortic root aneurysm without replacing the aortic valve. (medstarhealth.org)

Through a procedure called transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), researchers were able to successfully insert a closed artificial valve (prosthesis) via catheter and expand it to function in place of the diseased valve. (beckershospitalreview.com)
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) -The surgeon threads a catheter - a long, flexible tube - through an artery, usually in the groin or pelvis. (uclahealth.org)

Recovery time is significantly shorter than the traditional SAVR method because the minimally invasive procedure allows insertion of the replacement valve without removing the damaged natural valve. (beckershospitalreview.com)
Carcinoid heart disease: successful tricuspid valve replacement. (bmj.com)
Aortic Valve Replacement-The surgeon accesses the diseased aortic valve through an incision in the sternum. (uclahealth.org)
The faulty valve is removed and an artificial valve replacement is inserted. (uclahealth.org)
Repair or Replacement - Surgery that enables the valves to function properly in order to avoid lasting damage. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
Surgery options include valve repair or replacement. (healthandbeautytimes.com)

Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer of women. (goredforwomen.org)
If you or a loved one suffers from or is at risk of cardiovascular disease, we can help. (carondeletmedicalgroup.com)
According to the CDC, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. (cdc.gov)
What is cardiovascular disease? (cdc.gov)
The first set of risk factors for CVDs, which include family or personal history of cardiovascular disease, race ,2 gender 3 and age ,4 are not modifiable by interventions. (who.int)

Anatomy9

Diseases14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes1

Infective endocarditis and dentistry: outcome-based research. (1/1481)

Endocarditis at the millennium. (2/1481)

Perivalvular abscesses associated with endocarditis; clinical features and prognostic factors of overall survival in a series of 233 cases. Perivalvular Abscesses French Multicentre Study. (3/1481)

Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study. (4/1481)

Echocardiographic features of an unusual case of aortic valve endocarditis. (5/1481)

The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery. (6/1481)

Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment in trauma and critical care. (7/1481)

Lysostaphin treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis caused by a Staphylococcus aureus isolate with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. (8/1481)

Heart Valve Diseases

Heart Valves

Aortic Valve

Heart Valve Prosthesis

Mitral Valve

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Aortic Valve Insufficiency

Bioprosthesis

Heart

Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation

Mitral Valve Insufficiency

Pulmonary Valve

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Tricuspid Valve

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Calcinosis

Heart Rate

Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

Endocarditis, Bacterial

Endocarditis

Heart Defects, Congenital

Venous Valves

Echocardiography

Heart Diseases

Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty

Chordae Tendineae

Prosthesis Design

Cardiac Catheterization

Echocardiography, Transesophageal

Heart Failure

Cardiac Surgical Procedures

Heart Atria

Infective endocarditis and dentistry: outcome-based research. (1/1481)

Endocarditis at the millennium. (2/1481)

Perivalvular abscesses associated with endocarditis; clinical features and prognostic factors of overall survival in a series of 233 cases. Perivalvular Abscesses French Multicentre Study. (3/1481)

Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study. (4/1481)

Echocardiographic features of an unusual case of aortic valve endocarditis. (5/1481)

The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery. (6/1481)

Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment in trauma and critical care. (7/1481)

Lysostaphin treatment of experimental aortic valve endocarditis caused by a Staphylococcus aureus isolate with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. (8/1481)

Tissue engineering of heart valves

Artificial heart valve

Heart valve

Ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Heyde's syndrome

Papillary fibroelastoma

Kawasaki disease

Amniotic stem cells

Mitral valve

Marfan syndrome

Magdi Yacoub

Heart valve repair

Quadricuspid aortic valve

Cardiac fibrosis

Andy Barr (American politician)

National Heart Foundation (Bangladesh)

Jane Grande-Allen

Fenfluramine

Miniature Bull Terrier

Metergoline

Catherine Otto

Serotonin receptor agonist

Dopamine agonist

Dilated cardiomyopathy

John Parsons Shillingford

Bartonella henselae

Jonathan L. Halperin

Horace Smithy

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Stenosis41

Regurgitation15

Murmur14

Valvular17

Endocarditis6

Pulmonary valve7

Coronary12

Rheumatic fever8

Thickening of the mitral1