Hematemesis
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Esophageal Fistula
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Vascular Fistula
Fistula
Splenic Vein
Duodenal Diseases
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Hemobilia
Intractable oesophageal variceal bleeding caused by splenic arteriovenous fistula: treatment by transcatheter arterial embolization. (1/107)
We describe a rare case of splenic arteriovenous fistula and venous aneurysm which developed after splenectomy in a 40-year-old woman who presented with epigastralgia, watery diarrhoea, repeated haematemesis and melaena caused by hyperkinetic status of the portal system and bleeding of oesophageal varices. It was diagnosed by computed tomography and angiography, and obliterated with giant Gianturco steel coils. (+info)Theophylline intoxication mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis in a child. (2/107)
A 5-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting of blood. Twelve hours after admission, "diabetic ketoacidosis" was diagnosed on the basis of elevated glycaemia, glycosuria, ketonuria and a low bicarbonate blood level, which led to treatment with fluids and regular insulin infusion. Over a 36-hour period, insulin was progressively decreased and finally stopped because of the rapid fall and normalization of blood glucose concentration. Drug poisoning was suspected on the basis of persistent tachycardia in the absence of other signs of dehydration. Salicylate intoxication was excluded, and theophylline was finally incriminated. This compound, used by adults in the child's home, had caused accidental theophylline poisoning, mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis. Pre-diabetic immune markers were repeatedly negative, and no diabetes has developed after four years of follow-up. Thus, the transient increase in blood glucose was not related to a pre-diabetic status. A diagnosis of masked theophylline poisoning should be considered in similar situations involving a rapid decrease of insulin requirements. (+info)Enteritis necroticans (pigbel) in a diabetic child. (3/107)
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Enteritis necroticans (pigbel), an often fatal illness characterized by hemorrhagic, inflammatory, or ischemic necrosis of the jejunum, occurs in developing countries but is rare in developed countries, where its occurrence is confined to adults with chronic illnesses. The causative organism of enteritis necroticans is Clostridium perfringens type C, an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus. In December 1998, enteritis necroticans developed in a 12-year-old boy with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus after he consumed pig intestines (chitterlings). He presented with hematemesis, abdominal distention, and severe diabetic ketoacidosis with hypotension. At laparotomy, extensive jejunal necrosis required bowel resection, jejunostomy, and ileostomy. Samples were obtained for histopathological examination. Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay was performed on paraffin-embedded bowel tissue with primers specific for the cpa and cpb genes, which code for the alpha and beta toxins produced by C. perfringens. RESULTS: Histologic examination of resected bowel tissue showed extensive mucosal necrosis, the formation of pseudomembrane, pneumatosis, and areas of epithelial regeneration that alternated with necrotic segments--findings consistent with a diagnosis of enteritis necroticans. Gram's staining showed large gram-positive bacilli whose features were consistent with those of clostridium species. Through PCR amplification, we detected products of the cpa and cpb genes, which indicated the presence of C. perfringens type C. Assay of ileal tissue obtained during surgery to restore the continuity of the patient's bowel was negative for C. perfringens. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation or consumption of chitterlings by diabetic patients and other chronically ill persons can result in potentially life-threatening infectious complications. (+info)Comparative study between endoscopy and radiology in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. (4/107)
A total of 158 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage were studied, and the 53 patients on whom emergency endoscopies were performed were compared with the remaining 105. The cause of the bleeding was found in 51 of the endoscopy group and 39 of the control group. Three patients in the endoscopy group and 16 controls died. In the endoscopy group the correct preoperative diagnosis was made in all cases and there was less delay before operation. In the control group five patients had no diagnosis before operation, the preoperative diagnosis was wrong in nine, and five had laparotomies during which no cause of bleeding was found. The patients in the endoscopy group who did not have operations had a shorter stay in hospital than the controls. (+info)Haematemesis: a new syndrome? (5/107)
Three patients presented with symptoms suggesting a Mallory-Weiss tear. Endoscopy showed a localized, clearly demarcated area of bright red mucosa near the gastro-oesophageal junction; this was thought to have arisen by retrograde intussusception of the stomach during vomiting or retching and may have caused the haemorrhage. (+info)Jejunogastric intussusception presented with hematemesis: a case presentation and review of the literature. (6/107)
BACKGROUND: Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare but potentially very serious complication of gastrectomy or gastrojejunostomy. To avoid mortality early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is mandatory. CASE PRESENTATION: A young man presented with epigastric pain and bilous vomiting followed by hematemesis,10 years after vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy for a bleeding duodenal ulcer. Emergency endoscopy showed JGI and the CT scan of the abdomen was compatible with this diagnosis. At laparotomy a retrograde type II, JGI was confirmed and managed by reduction of JGI without intestinal resection. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: JGI is a rare condition and less than 200 cases have been published since its first description in 1914. The clinical picture is almost diagnostic. Endoscopy performed by someone familiar with this rare entity is certainly diagnostic and CT-Scan of the abdomen could also help. There is no medical treatment for acute JGI and the correct treatment is surgical intervention as soon as possible. (+info)Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Belfast, 1957-1969. (7/107)
Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis born in Belfast during the 13 years 1957-1969 have been reviewed. Their distribution shows a bias towards higher social classes, breast feeding, and primogeniture. Obstetric factors and parental ages seem to be of no importance. More affected infants were born during winter months than would be expected. The overall incidence of infantile pyloric stenosis in this community has fallen during the period under review. Clinically, the patients started vomiting at a mean age of 22 days and it is recommended that the condition should not be called 'congenital'. The size of the tumour is mainly determined by the size of the patient, rather than by his age or duration of symptoms. Attention is drawn to the occurrence of haematemesis in 17-5% and melaena in 2-9% of infants. Jaundice occurred in 1-8% of patients in this series, and is attributed to the adverse effect of starvation on hepatic glucuronyl transferase activity. Other conditions noted in these patients included inguinal hernia, partial thoracic stomach, and phenylketonuria. Subsequent growth and development were in the anticipated range. (+info)Aortoesophageal fistula associated with tuberculous mediastinitis, mimicking esophageal Dieulafoy's disease. (8/107)
Aortoesophageal fistula is a rare and lethal disorder that may result from primary diseases of aorta or esophagus, aortic bypass graft, ingestion of foreign body, trauma, surgical procedure or instrumentation. Tuberculous fistula is extremely rare. We present a 27-yr-old female patient with aortoesophageal fistula associated with tuberculous mediastinitis. The patient experienced massive hematemesis and esophagoscopy revealed a small mucosal defect with exudate-coated blood vessel like Dieulafoy 's lesion on about 25 cm from the incisor teeth. Despite two sessions of endoscopic hemostatic procedures, active massive hemorrhage recurred and was controlled effectively with a prompt insertion of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. The patient underwent open thoracotomy, which revealed aortoesophageal fistula. Numerous white-yellowish, millet seed-like tubercles were scattered in pleural and abdominal cavity. Division of fistular tract and esophageal resection with Ivor-Lewis anastomosis were performed. Histopathologic study confirmed tuberculous pleuritis and peritonitis. The patient died of postoperative pulmonary complication. (+info)Hematemesis is the medical term for vomiting blood. It can range in appearance from bright red blood to dark, coffee-ground material that results from the stomach acid digesting the blood. Hematemesis is often a sign of a serious condition, such as bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, and requires immediate medical attention. The underlying cause can be various, including gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, or tumors.
Melena is a medical term that refers to the passage of black, tarry stools. It's not a specific disease but rather a symptom caused by the presence of digested blood in the gastrointestinal tract. The dark color results from the breakdown of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells, by gut bacteria and stomach acids.
Melena stools are often associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can occur due to various reasons such as gastric ulcers, esophageal varices (dilated veins in the esophagus), Mallory-Weiss tears (tears in the lining of the esophagus or stomach), or tumors.
It is essential to differentiate melena from hematochezia, which refers to the passage of bright red blood in the stool, typically indicating lower gastrointestinal bleeding. A healthcare professional should evaluate any concerns related to changes in bowel movements, including the presence of melena or hematochezia.
Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.
GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.
Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.
The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by non-circumferential mucosal tears or lacerations in the distal esophagus and proximal stomach, usually caused by severe bouts of vomiting or retching. It can also be associated with coughing, hiccups, seizures, or external force applied to the abdomen.
The syndrome is named after two physicians, George R. Mallory and Soma Weiss, who first described it in 1929. The tears typically occur at the gastroesophageal junction and can lead to bleeding, which may vary from mild to severe and life-threatening.
In many cases, Mallory-Weiss Syndrome is associated with alcohol use disorder, but it can also be seen in other conditions that cause vomiting, such as bulimia nervosa, pregnancy, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and upper gastrointestinal infections.
Most cases of Mallory-Weiss Syndrome can be managed conservatively with medications to control bleeding, intravenous fluids, and blood transfusions if necessary. However, severe cases may require endoscopic interventions such as injection therapy, clipping, or band ligation to stop the bleeding. In rare instances, surgery may be required.
An esophageal fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the esophagus (the tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach) and another organ, such as the trachea (windpipe) or the skin. This condition can result from complications of certain medical conditions, including cancer, prolonged infection, or injury to the esophagus.
Esophageal fistulas can cause a variety of symptoms, including difficulty swallowing, coughing, chest pain, and fever. They can also lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia or sepsis, if left untreated. Treatment for an esophageal fistula typically involves surgical repair of the abnormal connection, along with management of any underlying conditions that may have contributed to its development.
Esophageal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Here are some common esophageal diseases with their brief definitions:
1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing.
2. Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophageal lining, often caused by GERD, infection, or medication.
3. Esophageal stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus due to scarring or inflammation, which can make swallowing difficult.
4. Esophageal cancer: Cancer that forms in the tissues of the esophagus, often as a result of long-term GERD or smoking.
5. Esophageal motility disorders: Disorders that affect the normal movement and function of the esophagus, such as achalasia, diffuse spasm, and nutcracker esophagus.
6. Barrett's esophagus: A condition in which the lining of the lower esophagus changes, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
7. Esophageal diverticula: Small pouches that form in the esophageal wall, often causing difficulty swallowing or regurgitation.
8. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE): A chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by inflammation of the esophagus due to an allergic reaction.
These are some of the common esophageal diseases, and their diagnosis and treatment may vary depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.
Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract due to a peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They are usually caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
When a peptic ulcer bleeds, it can cause symptoms such as vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools. In severe cases, the bleeding can lead to shock, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and confusion. Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Treatment may include medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori infection, and endoscopic procedures to stop the bleeding. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the ulcer or remove damaged tissue.
Esophageal varices and gastric varices are abnormal, enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach) and in the stomach lining, respectively. They occur as a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, which is the large blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This condition is known as portal hypertension.
Esophageal varices are more common than gastric varices and tend to be more symptomatic. They can cause bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Gastric varices may also bleed, but they are often asymptomatic until they rupture.
The most common causes of esophageal and gastric varices are cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and portal hypertension due to other liver diseases such as schistosomiasis or Budd-Chiari syndrome. Treatment options for esophageal and gastric varices include medications to reduce bleeding, endoscopic therapies to treat active bleeding or prevent recurrent bleeding, and surgical procedures to relieve portal hypertension.
A vascular fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the artery and vein, which usually results from a surgical procedure to create access for hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease. This communication allows blood to flow directly from the artery into the vein, bypassing the capillary network and causing high-flow conditions in the affected area. Over time, the increased pressure and flow can lead to various complications such as venous hypertension, stenosis, aneurysm formation, or even heart failure if left untreated. Vascular fistulas may also occur spontaneously due to certain medical conditions like vasculitis, trauma, or infection, although this is less common.
Duodenoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a duodenoscope, which is a flexible, lighted tube with a camera and tiny tools on the end, through the mouth and down the throat to examine the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum) and the opening of the bile and pancreatic ducts.
During the procedure, the doctor can take tissue samples for biopsy, remove polyps or other abnormal growths, or perform other interventions as needed. Duodenoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and treat conditions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, infection, and cancer.
It's important to note that duodenoscopes have been associated with the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in some cases, so healthcare providers must follow strict cleaning and disinfection protocols to minimize this risk.
Endoscopy of the digestive system, also known as gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, is a medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to visually examine the inside lining of the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, called an endoscope. This procedure can help diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the digestive system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer.
There are several types of endoscopy procedures that focus on different parts of the digestive tract:
1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is often used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, or bleeding in the upper GI tract.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure explores the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is commonly performed to screen for colon cancer, as well as to diagnose and treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or polyps.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, this procedure examines the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) and rectum. It is often used as a screening tool for colon cancer and to investigate symptoms like rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
4. Upper GI endoscopy: This procedure focuses on the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as GERD, ulcers, and difficulty swallowing.
5. Capsule endoscopy: This procedure involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera that captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through. It can help diagnose conditions in the small intestine that may be difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes.
Endoscopy is typically performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. The images captured by the endoscope are displayed on a monitor, allowing the healthcare provider to assess the condition of the digestive tract and make informed treatment decisions.
A fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or body parts that usually do not connect. It can form as a result of injury, infection, surgery, or disease. A fistula can occur anywhere in the body but commonly forms in the digestive system, genital area, or urinary system. The symptoms and treatment options for a fistula depend on its location and underlying cause.
The splenic vein is a large, thin-walled vein that carries oxygenated blood from the spleen and pancreas to the liver. It is formed by the union of several smaller veins that drain the upper part of the stomach, the pancreas, and the left side of the colon (splenic flexure). The splenic vein runs along the top border of the pancreas and merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. This venous system allows for the filtration and detoxification of blood by the liver before it is distributed to the rest of the body.
Duodenal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. Here are some examples of duodenal diseases:
1. Duodenitis: This is inflammation of the duodenum, which can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Duodenitis can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or chronic inflammation due to conditions like Crohn's disease.
2. Peptic ulcers: These are sores that develop in the lining of the duodenum, usually as a result of infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria or long-term use of NSAIDs. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, bloating, and heartburn.
3. Duodenal cancer: This is a rare type of cancer that affects the duodenum. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, and blood in the stool.
4. Celiac disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine in response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the duodenum.
5. Duodenal diverticulosis: This is a condition in which small pouches form in the lining of the duodenum. While many people with duodenal diverticulosis do not experience symptoms, some may develop complications such as inflammation or infection.
6. Duodenal atresia: This is a congenital condition in which the duodenum does not form properly, leading to blockage of the intestine. This can cause symptoms such as vomiting and difficulty feeding in newborns.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.
There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:
1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Gastroscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a gastroscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end, through the mouth and into the digestive tract. The gastroscope allows the doctor to visually examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors.
The procedure is usually performed under sedation to minimize discomfort, and it typically takes only a few minutes to complete. Gastroscopy can help diagnose various conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, stomach ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus. It can also be used to take tissue samples for biopsy or to treat certain conditions, such as bleeding or the removal of polyps.
The Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract refers to the segment of the digestive system that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. This region is responsible for the initial stages of digestion, such as mechanical breakdown of food by chewing and churning, and chemical breakdown through enzymes and acids. It's also where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs. Various medical conditions, including infections, inflammation, and cancers, can affect the upper GI tract.
Stomach diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the stomach, a muscular sac located in the upper part of the abdomen and is responsible for storing and digesting food. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, loss of appetite, and bloating. Some common stomach diseases include:
1. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause pain, irritation, and ulcers.
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and damage to the esophageal lining.
3. Peptic ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
4. Stomach cancer: Abnormal growth of cancerous cells in the stomach, which can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
5. Gastroparesis: A condition where the stomach muscles are weakened or paralyzed, leading to difficulty digesting food and emptying the stomach.
6. Functional dyspepsia: A chronic disorder characterized by symptoms such as pain, bloating, and fullness in the upper abdomen, without any identifiable cause.
7. Eosinophilic esophagitis: A condition where eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the esophagus, causing inflammation and difficulty swallowing.
8. Stomal stenosis: Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine, often caused by scar tissue or surgical complications.
9. Hiatal hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, causing symptoms such as heartburn and difficulty swallowing.
These are just a few examples of stomach diseases, and there are many other conditions that can affect the stomach. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these conditions and preventing complications.
Hemobilia is a medical condition that refers to the presence of blood in the bile ducts, which can lead to the passage of blood in the stool or vomiting of blood (hematemesis). This condition usually results from a traumatic injury, rupture of a blood vessel, or a complication from a medical procedure involving the liver, gallbladder, or bile ducts. In some cases, hemobilia may also be caused by tumors or abnormal blood vessels in the liver. Symptoms of hemobilia can include abdominal pain, jaundice, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to visualize the bile ducts and identify the source of bleeding. Treatment may involve endovascular procedures, surgery, or other interventions to stop the bleeding and manage any underlying conditions.
Esophagoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the visual examination of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This procedure is typically carried out using an esophagogastroduodenoscope (EGD), a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end.
During the procedure, the EGD is inserted through the mouth and down the throat into the esophagus, allowing the medical professional to examine its lining for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. The procedure may also involve taking tissue samples (biopsies) for further examination and testing.
Esophagoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, and other disorders affecting the esophagus. It may also be used to treat certain conditions, such as removing polyps or foreign objects from the esophagus.
The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk, which arises from the abdominal aorta. It supplies blood to the spleen and several other organs in the upper left part of the abdomen. The splenic artery divides into several branches that ultimately form a network of capillaries within the spleen. These capillaries converge to form the main venous outflow, the splenic vein, which drains into the hepatic portal vein.
The splenic artery is a vital structure in the human body, and any damage or blockage can lead to serious complications, including splenic infarction (reduced blood flow to the spleen) or splenic rupture (a surgical emergency that can be life-threatening).
Hematemesis
Melena
Bas-Congo tibrovirus
Peptic ulcer disease
Malcolm Davenport Milne
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Coffee ground vomiting
Fecal occult blood
Goulstonian Lecture
Ricin
Orthostatic syncope
Gastric lavage
Helicobacter pylori
Vomiting
Urea-to-creatinine ratio
Neglected tropical diseases
Dinobdella ferox
Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
José de San Martín
David Schwarz (aviation inventor)
Ichirō Itano
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Echis carinatus
List of dangerous snakes
Acute esophageal necrosis
Caroli disease
Coumarin derivatives
Megaduodenum
Florence Bravo
George Went Hensley
Hematemesis - Wikipedia
Recurrent massive haematemesis from Dieulafoy vascular malformations--a review of 101 cases. | Gut
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine: Seeing beyond the gut: An unusual cause of massive hematemesis : <b>S Giragani<sup>1</sup>,...
Hematemesis | Diagnosaurus
hematemesis Archives - NATA ONLINE
Haematemesis | Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines
1st & last, do no harm: haematemesis
Seorang Pasien Dengan Hematemesis Ec Susp GEDI, - [PPTX Powerpoint]
Haematemesis and Melaena: Causes, Risk Stratification and Management
Tele-Education - Haematemesis and Melaena - Ministry of Health (MOH) Myanmar
What's Your Science Glossary IQ? - ProProfs Quiz
Haematemesis case study with questions and answers - Oxford Medical Education
Hematemesis - ABC Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics (therapeutics part) by Clarke G. H.
Factitious Disorder in Psychiatry
Vomiting blood: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Binational Dengue Outbreak Along the United States-Mexico Border - Yuma County, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico, 2014 | MMWR
Pyloric stenosis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment
Rodenticide Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology
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Throat Bleeding: 21 Possible Causes, Treatment, and Diagnosis
Innohep (Tinzaparin): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Zinc for acne: Uses, types, and benefits
Bedside placement of an aortic occlusion balloon to control a ruptured aorto-esophageal fistula in a small child
Bleeding Esophageal Varices: Symptoms and Causes
DailyMed - ZOLADEX- goserelin implant
Gregory G. Ginsberg, MD profile | PennMedicine.org
ICD-9 Code 446.7 -Takayasu's disease- Codify by AAPC
Melena2
- Hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia are symptoms of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
- There was no hematemesis, melena or jaundice. (ispub.com)
Epistaxis1
- Hematemesis must be differentiated from hemoptysis (coughing up blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed). (wikipedia.org)
Melaena3
- This micro skills course from the Royal College of Physicians reviews the causes of haematemesis and melaena. (uwulearning.com)
- Small diameter flexible endoscopes facilitate the investigation of regurgitation, chronic vomiting, haematemesis, melaena and small and large bowel diarrhea. (vin.com)
- The investigation of chronic vomiting (intermittent or persistent), haematemesis and melaena are the major indications for gastroscopy. (vin.com)
Hematochezia1
- However, we were unable to locate a reported factitious case of combined hematemesis and hematochezia. (psychiatrist.com)
Stomach2
- Coffee Ground Hematemesis - vomiting of blood altered by stomach acids and enzymes. (differencebetween.net)
- Hematemesis indicates the bleeding is coming from the upper GI tract, usually from the esophagus, stomach, or the first part of the small intestine. (msdmanuals.com)
Recurrent2
- Recurrent massive haematemesis from Dieulafoy vascular malformations--a review of 101 cases. (bmj.com)
- We report the clinical details, imaging findings, and management of a 74-year-old male who had recurrent episodes of massive hematemesis secondary to rupture of a cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. (jpgmonline.com)
Peptic1
- Hematemesis may be caused by: Peptic ulcer. (wikipedia.org)
Gastrointestinal3
- Hematemesis may be investigated with endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
- Jawaid S et al " Prospective cost analysis of early video capsule endoscopy versus standard of care in non-hematemesis gastrointestinal bleeding: a non-inferiority study . (bcm.edu)
- Jawaid S et al " Lower Endoscopic Diagnostic Yields Observed in Non-hematemesis Gastrointestinal Bleeding Patients . (bcm.edu)
Patients1
- Securing the airway is a top priority in hematemesis patients, especially those with a disturbed conscious level (hepatic encephalopathy in esophageal varices patient). (wikipedia.org)
Shock1
- In a "hemodynamically significant" case of hematemesis, there may be shock. (wikipedia.org)
Massive2
- Giragani S, Kasireddy A R, Rao M V, Deevaguntla C R. Seeing beyond the gut: An unusual cause of massive hematemesis. (jpgmonline.com)
- The following morning, she had massive hematemesis with cardiovascular collapse. (nih.gov)
Case1
- In this case report we describe the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysm as a cause of hematemesis and its management. (jpgmonline.com)
Vomiting of blood1
- Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood. (wikipedia.org)
Blood loss2
- citation needed] Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency, with treatments based on the amount of blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematemesis tends to occur only after significant blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
Medical3
- Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematemesis refers to the medical condition of vomiting blood. (proprofs.com)
- It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing hematemesis as it may indicate a serious health issue that requires prompt treatment. (proprofs.com)
Term1
- The term "hematemesis" is derived from the Greek words "haima" meaning blood and "emesis" meaning vomiting. (proprofs.com)
Similar1
- Coffee ground vomiting is similar to hematemesis, but is distinct in not involving bright red blood. (wikipedia.org)
Central1
- Emergency Central , emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114509/all/Hematemesis. (unboundmedicine.com)
Vomit1
- Hematemesis in cats will produce several symptoms in your cat with the most obvious being blood in the vomit. (petvitaminhealth.com)
Epistaxis1
- Hematemesis must be differentiated from hemoptysis (coughing up blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed). (wikipedia.org)
Sangre4
- 895 0 obj Atendiendo a su evolución, esta pérdida puede ser aguda o crónica, según el volumen de sangre perdido y el tiempo en el que se ha perdido. (musee-infanterie.com)
- endobj 912 0 obj 958 0 obj La hematemesis, o el vómito de la sangre, puede ser el resultado de una serie de causas. (musee-infanterie.com)
- 115 0 obj Hematemesis es la expulsión de vómito con sangre procedente del tubo digestivo alto (desde el ángulo duodeno-yeyunal hasta la boca). (musee-infanterie.com)
- 2-Hematemesis Vómito de sangre roja, fresca o coágulos (HDA activa) o en 'posos de café'(inactiva). (musee-infanterie.com)
Hepatitis2
- The authors report the case of a previously healthy 20-year-old man who developed hematemesis and hepatitis 1 week after self-initiating the daily consumption of 6 g of nicotinic acid. (nih.gov)
- The use of large doses of nicotinic acid may be rapidly complicated by hematemesis and hepatitis. (nih.gov)
Gastric Ulcer1
- varix at the lower end of the œsophagus may give rise to hæmatemesis, and be mistaken for gastric ulcer. (dictionary.com)
Blood8
- Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency, with treatments based on the amount of blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
- Coffee ground vomiting is similar to hematemesis, but is distinct in not involving bright red blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematemesis tends to occur only after significant blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood, which may be obviously red or have an appearance similar to coffee grounds. (musee-infanterie.com)
- Hematemesis in cats can be extremely dangerous and you may not know where the blood is actually coming from. (petvitaminhealth.com)
- Hematemesis means vomiting blood. (doctorsawanbopanna.com)
- Serious hematemesis (vomiting of blood), pain, and cachexia. (healingcancernaturally.com)
Ulcers1
- The next common cause of Hematemesis in cats will be from gastrointestinal ulcerations or ulcers and can have several causes. (petvitaminhealth.com)
Upper3
- Hematemesis may be investigated with endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
- There are several potential causes of Hematemesis in cats and the most common will be diseases or some type of disorder in their upper gastrointestinal tract. (petvitaminhealth.com)
- Hematemesis is a sign of internal bleeding from the upper portion of your digestive tract - the esophagus, stomach and first portion of your small intestine called the duodenum. (doctorsawanbopanna.com)
Cases1
- Nevertheless, there are no previously reported cases of hematemesis temporally associated with nicotinic acid use. (nih.gov)
Treatment1
- endobj Hematemesis is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. (musee-infanterie.com)
Medical emergency1
- Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency. (wikipedia.org)
Page1
- This page shows results related to Albendazole and Haematemesis from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). (drugcite.com)
Doctor1
- When should I see a doctor about hematemesis? (doctorsawanbopanna.com)
Experience1
- Share your experience with Albendazole and Haematemesis. (drugcite.com)
History1
- She had been compliant to her oral hematinics therapy and denied any history of dysuria, haematuria, haematemesis, or haematochezia. (hindawi.com)