Hepadnaviridae
A family of hepatotropic DNA viruses which contains double-stranded DNA genomes and causes hepatitis in humans and animals. There are two genera: AVIHEPADNAVIRUS and ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS. Hepadnaviruses include HEPATITIS B VIRUS, duck hepatitis B virus (HEPATITIS B VIRUS, DUCK), heron hepatitis B virus, ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and woodchuck hepatitis B virus (HEPATITIS B VIRUS, WOODCHUCK).
Residues critical for duck hepatitis B virus neutralization are involved in host cell interaction. (1/94)
To date, no detailed analysis of the neutralization properties of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) has been reported, and it is not clear whether any of the known neutralization epitopes correspond to the viral receptor binding site or to sequences involved in the cell entry pathway. We demonstrate here that antibodies directed against two overlapping peptides (amino acids 83 to 97 and 93 to 107), covering the sequences of most DHBV pre-S neutralizing epitopes, both inhibit virus binding to primary duck hepatocytes and neutralize virus infectivity. An extensive mutagenesis of the motif 88WTP90, which is the shortest sequence of the epitope recognized by the virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) 900 was performed in order to define the amino acids involved in these interactions. Single point mutations within this epitope affected neither virus replication nor infectivity but abolished virus neutralization by MAb 900 completely. Interestingly, mutants with two and three consecutive residue replacements (SIP and SIH) within this epitope retained replication competence but were no longer infectious. The loss of infectivity of SIH and SIP mutant particles was associated with significantly reduced binding to primary duck hepatocytes and could be rescued by trans complementation with wild-type pre-S protein. Taken together, these results indicate that each amino acid of the DHBV pre-S sequence 88WTP90 is critical for recognition by the neutralizing MAb 900 and that replacement of the first two or all three residues strongly reduces virus interaction with hepatocytes and abrogates infectivity. These data imply that the motif 88WTP90 contains key residues which are critical for interaction with both the neutralizing MAb and the host cell. (+info)Enrichment of a precore-minus mutant of duck hepatitis B virus in experimental mixed infections. (2/94)
A precore-deficient mutant of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) produced by site-directed mutagenesis was tested for its ability to compete with wild-type virus in a mixed infection of 3-day-old ducklings. The mutation was shown to produce a cis-acting defect, resulting in a replication rate that was about one-half that of wild-type virus. Accordingly, wild-type virus was rapidly selected during the spread of infection. During the chronic phase of the infection, however, two selection patterns were seen. In 4 of 10 ducks, the wild-type virus slowly replaced the precore mutant. In another four ducks, the precore mutant virus slowly replaced the wild-type virus. In the remaining two ducklings, ratios of wild-type and precore mutant virus fluctuated, with wild-type virus slowly predominating. The replacement of wild-type virus was not due to the emergence of a rapidly replicating variant of the precore mutant, since genomes cloned from the infected ducks retained their original replication defect. Replacement of wild-type virus, however, correlated with elevated anti-core antibody titers, which continued to increase with time. The selection of a precore-negative strain of DHBV may be analogous to the selection for precore mutants of HBV during chronic hepatitis in humans. (+info)A new group of hepadnaviruses naturally infecting orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). (3/94)
A high prevalence (42.6%) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was suspected in 195 formerly captive orangutans due to a large number of serum samples which cross-reacted with human HBV antigens. It was assumed that such viral infections were contracted from humans during captivity. However, two wild orangutans were identified which were HBV surface antigen positive, indicating that HBV or related viruses may be occurring naturally in the orangutan populations. Sequence analyses of seven isolates revealed that orangutans were infected with hepadnaviruses but that these were clearly divergent from the six known human HBV genotypes and those of other nonhuman hepadnaviruses reported. Phylogenetic analyses revealed geographic clustering with Southeast Asian genotype C viruses and gibbon ape HBV. This implies a common origin of infection within this geographic region, with cross-species transmission of hepadnaviruses among hominoids. (+info)A new avian hepadnavirus infecting snow geese (Anser caerulescens) produces a significant fraction of virions containing single-stranded DNA. (4/94)
We describe the identification and functional analysis of an evolutionary distinct new avian hepadnavirus. Infection of snow geese (Anser caerulescens) with a duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-related virus, designated SGHBV, was demonstrated by detection of envelope proteins in sera with anti-DHBV preS and S antibodies. Comparative sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified SGHBV genomes revealed unique SGHBV sequence features compared with other avian hepadnaviruses. Unlike DHBV, SGHBV shows an open reading frame in an analogous position to orthohepadnavirus X genes. Four of five cloned genomes were competent in replication, gene expression, and virus particle secretion in chicken hepatoma cells. Primary duck hepatocytes were permissive for infection with SGHBV, suggesting a similar or identical host range. SGHBV was found to secrete a significant fraction of virion-like particles containing single-stranded viral DNA. This was observed both in cell culture medium of SGHBV DNA-transfected LMH cells and in viremic sera of several birds, suggesting that it is a stable trait of SGHBV. Taken together, SGHBV has several unique features that expand the knowledge of the functional and evolutionary diversity of hepadnaviruses and offers new experimental opportunities for studies on the life cycle of hepadnaviruses. (+info)Integration of hepadnavirus DNA in infected liver: evidence for a linear precursor. (5/94)
DNA of the avian hepadnavirus, duck hepatitis B virus, was found to be integrated at low abundance into the cellular DNA extracted from the livers of infected ducklings. The frequency of integration was estimated to be at least one viral genome per 10(3) to 10(4) cells by 6 days postinfection. The structures of virus-cell junctions determined by sequencing were compared with those of virus-virus junctions formed by nonhomologous recombination between the ends of linear viral DNA forms. This comparison allowed us to conclude that linear viral DNA was the preferential form used as an integration substrate. Potential factors promoting viral DNA integration during chronic infection are discussed. (+info)Characterization of the antiviral effect of 2',3'-dideoxy-2', 3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine in the duck hepatitis B virus infection model. (6/94)
A novel L-nucleoside analog of deoxycytidine, 2',3'-dideoxy-2', 3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), was recently shown to strongly inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the 2.2.15 cell line. Therefore, its antiviral activity was evaluated in the duck HBV (DHBV) infection model. Using a cell-free system for the expression of the DHBV polymerase, beta-L-Fd4C-TP exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of dCTP incorporation into viral minus-strand DNA with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.2 microM which was lower than that of other tested deoxycytidine analogs, i.e. , lamivudine-TP, ddC-TP, and beta-L-FddC-TP. Further analysis showed that beta-L-Fd4C-TP is likely to be a competitive inhibitor of dCTP incorporation and to cause premature DNA chain termination. In primary duck hepatocyte cultures infected in vitro, beta-L-Fd4C administration exhibited a long-lasting inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis but could not clear viral covalently closed circular DNA (CCC DNA). Results of short-term antiviral treatment in experimentally infected ducklings showed that beta-L-Fd4C exhibited the most potent antiviral effect, followed by beta-L-FddC, lamivudine, and ddC. Longer administration of beta-L-Fd4C induced a sustained suppression of viremia (>95% of controls) and of viral DNA synthesis within the liver. However, the persistence of trace amounts of viral CCC DNA detected only by PCR was associated with a recurrence of viral replication after drug withdrawal. In parallel, beta-L-Fd4C treatment suppressed viral antigen expression within the liver and decreased intrahepatic inflammation and was not associated with any sign of toxicity. Our data, therefore, demonstrate that in the duck model of HBV infection, beta-L-Fd4C is a potent inhibitor of DHBV reverse transcriptase activity in vitro and suppresses viral replication in the liver in vivo. (+info)Cellular receptor traffic is essential for productive duck hepatitis B virus infection. (7/94)
We have investigated the mechanism of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) entry into susceptible primary duck hepatocytes (PDHs), using mutants of carboxypeptidase D (gp180), a transmembrane protein shown to act as the primary cellular receptor for avian hepatitis B virus uptake. The variant proteins were abundantly produced from recombinant adenoviruses and tested for the potential to functionally outcompete the endogenous wild-type receptor. Overexpression of wild-type gp180 significantly enhanced the efficiency of DHBV infection in PDHs but did not affect ongoing DHBV replication, an observation further supporting gp180 receptor function. A gp180 mutant deficient for endocytosis abolished DHBV infection, indicating endocytosis to be the route of hepadnaviral entry. With further gp180 variants, carrying mutations in the cytoplasmic domain and characterized by an accelerated turnover, the ability of gp180 to function as a DHBV receptor was found to depend on a wild-type-like sorting phenotype which largely avoids transport toward the endolysosomal compartment. Based on these data, we propose a model in which a distinct intracellular DHBV traffic to the endosome, but not beyond, is a prerequisite for completion of viral entry, i.e., for fusion and capsid release. Furthermore, the deletion of the two enzymatically active carboxypeptidase domains of gp180 did not lead to a loss of receptor function. (+info)Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees. (8/94)
Hepatitis B viruses (HBV) and related viruses, classified in the Hepadnaviridae family, are found in a wide variety of mammals and birds. Although the chimpanzee has been the primary experimental model of HBV infection, this species has not been considered a natural host for the virus. Retrospective analysis of 13 predominantly wild-caught chimpanzees with chronic HBV infection identified a unique chimpanzee HBV strain in 11 animals. Nucleotide and derived amino acid analysis of the complete HBV genome and the gene coding for the hepatitis B surface antigen (S gene) identified sequence patterns that could be used to reliably identify chimpanzee HBV. This analysis indicated that chimpanzee HBV is distinct from known human HBV genotypes and is closely related to HBVs previously isolated from a chimpanzee, gibbons, gorillas, and orangutans. (+info)Hepadnaviridae is a family of small, enveloped DNA viruses that includes the hepatitis B virus and related species, primarily infecting hepatocytes in various animal hosts and associated with liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepadnaviridae is a family of small, enveloped viruses that primarily infect the liver cells (hepatocytes) of various species, including humans. The name "Hepadnaviridae" is derived from "hepa" for hepatotrophic (liver-tropic) and "DNA" for the DNA genome of the viruses.
The most well-known member of this family is the human hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes acute and chronic liver infections, leading to various clinical manifestations such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepadnaviruses have a unique replication strategy that involves reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, making them distinct from other DNA viruses. Their genome is partially double-stranded, with the minus strand being complete and the plus strand incomplete or absent. The genome encodes for four overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) that give rise to several viral proteins, including the surface antigen (HBsAg), core protein (HBcAg), polymerase, and X protein (HBx).
The family Hepadnaviridae includes several other members that infect animals, such as woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). These viruses serve as valuable models for understanding the biology and pathogenesis of HBV in humans.
Hepadnaviridae Infections are viral diseases caused by the Hepadnavirus family, most notably Hepatitis B virus, which primarily target the liver and can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations, from acute hepatitis to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses that primarily infect the liver of various species, including humans. The most well-known member of this family is the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes serious human disease.
Hepadnaviridae infections, specifically HBV infection, can lead to a range of clinical manifestations, from acute self-limiting hepatitis to chronic liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). The virus is transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids, as well as during childbirth from an infected mother to her newborn.
The infection process begins when the viral envelope proteins bind to specific receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, allowing the virus to enter the cell. Once inside, the viral DNA is released and converted into a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) form, which serves as the template for viral replication. The host's immune response plays a crucial role in controlling the infection, but in some cases, it may also contribute to liver damage.
Prevention measures include vaccination against HBV and safe practices to avoid exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Treatment options for chronic HBV infection include antiviral medications that can suppress viral replication and reduce the risk of liver complications.
Hepadnaviridae
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was identified as an infection distinct from Hepatitis A through its contamination of Yellow_fever_ ... Wikispecies has information related to Hepadnaviridae. ICTV Report: Hepadnaviridae Viralzone: Hepadnaviridae "Hepadnaviridae". ... Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this ... Unlike Hepadnaviridae viruses that usually diverge alongside their hosts, viruses in the family jump hosts more frequently. The ...
CccDNA
HepaRG was the first cell line to successfully support HBV infection, and demonstrated that the infection can only be hosted by ... cccDNA is typical of Caulimoviridae and Hepadnaviridae, including the hepatitis B virus (HBV). cccDNA in HBV is formed by ... The mechanism of infection stems from the conversion of relaxed circular double stranded DNA (rcDNA) into cccDNA, from virus ... cccDNA was first described in bacteriophages, but it was also found in some cell cultures where an infection of DNA viruses ( ...
Avihepadnavirus
... is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae. Birds serve as natural hosts. There are three species in ... Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic infections), and cirrhosis. The ... "ICTV Report Hepadnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015. Guo, Haitao; Mason, William (2005). "Identification ... ICTV Report: Hepadnaviridae Viralzone: Avihepadnavirus (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ...
Orthohepadnavirus
... is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There ... Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic infections), and cirrhosis. The genus ... "ICTV Report Hepadnaviridae". "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International ... ICTV Report: Hepadnaviridae Viralzone: Orthohepadnavirus (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ...
Virus
Most viral infections of humans and other animals have incubation periods during which the infection causes no signs or ... The virus particles of some virus families, such as those belonging to the Hepadnaviridae, contain a genome that is partially ... The presence of IgM in the blood of the host is used to test for acute infection, whereas IgG indicates an infection sometime ... Smallpox infections have been eradicated. Vaccines are available to prevent over thirteen viral infections of humans, and more ...
Viral envelope
As a result, flaviviruses and pseudo typed retroviruses have a harder time infecting TAM-deficient DCs, albeit infection can be ... The following are some examples of enveloped virus species: DNA viruses Herpesviridae Poxviridae Hepadnaviridae Asfarviridae ... They have been shown to play significant roles in immunity and infection. Viral glycoproteins, a new class of cellular ... A TAM kinase inhibitor, meanwhile, prevents infection of wild-type DCs. TAM receptors, which are potential targets for therapy ...
Viral disease
"Hepadnaviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10- ... A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus ... Partly double-stranded DNA viruses: Hepadnaviridae. These viruses are enveloped. One family of single-stranded DNA viruses ... "Babies Born with CMV (Congenital CMV Infection)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 13, 2017. Retrieved June 17 ...
Woodchuck hepatitis virus
Tennant, W. C. (1999). "The Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus Infection". Handbook of animal models of infection: ... Hepadnaviridae, Groundhogs, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ... Infected woodchucks which are unable to clear the infection ... this has led to the use of WHV in woodchucks as a model for human Hepatitis B virus infections. Tyler, Gail V.; Summers, Jesse ...
Transmission of hepadnaviruses
However, the experimental infection is not highly efficient and causes only a mild, transient infection with low viral titers. ... has distinguished them enough to be classified in the family Hepadnaviridae. There are two recognized genera: Orthohepadnavirus ... Infection with genotype C may induce more severe liver diseases than infection with genotype B. Recombination between genotypes ... Co-infection A lot of studies have well characterized the horizontal transmission of HBV through parenteral routes and co- ...
Mosquito-borne disease
... how they can protect themselves from infection and the symptoms of infection. Community health education programs can identify ... belonging to family Hepadnaviridae) are inconclusive. WHO states that "There is no insect vector or animal reservoir for HCV ... A Zika virus infection might be suspected if symptoms are present and an individual has traveled to an area with known Zika ... Human infection with a mosquito-borne virus occurs when a female mosquito bites someone while its immune system is still in the ...
Hepatitis B virus
Because HBV and HCV share a similar mode of transmission, co-infections are possible. Most cases of HBV and HCV co-infection ... "ICTV Report Hepadnaviridae". Hassan MM, Li D, El-Deeb AS, Wolff RA, Bondy ML, Davila M, Abbruzzese JL (October 2008). " ... IVDU show the highest rate of HBV infection in Europe and North America. There are also higher rates of hepatitis B infection ... Incidences of HBV infection through HD units is at 1% in the United States. Healthcare staff are also at an increased risk of ...
Equine foamy virus
The magnitude of the infection can vary widely depending on the type of cell infected. While most infected cells display the ... it is also similar to the hepadnaviridae cycle. The EFV transactivator protein, Tas, binds to one of the promoter regions to ... Like other foamy viruses, infection with equine foamy virus is lifelong, yet the natural hosts do not display any pathological ... Current research may suggest that equine foamy virus serves as a cofactor in the contraction of equine lentivirus infection. ...
Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
Infection with GSHV can cause persistent infection. The virus causes chronic infection and longer antigenemia (antigen in the ... This process was first shown in Duck Hepatitis B virus, a related virus in the Hepadnaviridae family in which the minus DNA ... No modulation of host processes as a result of GSHV infection is known. Persistent infection with HBV and WHV often results in ... This is unlike HBV in which persistent HBV infections in males outnumbers infections in females. Marion, Patricia L.; Knight, ...
Human pathogen
Helminthiasis (worm infection), Ascariasis, and enterobiasis (pinworm infection) are few that are caused by various parasitic ... Pathogenic viruses are mainly those of the families of: Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, ... 2014). Immune Response to Parasitic Infections. Immune Response to Parasitic Infections. Vol. 2. Bentham Science Publishers. ... or yeast infections. Most antibiotics that function on bacterial pathogens cannot be used to treat fungal infections because ...
Retrovirus
... after an infection, each virus generates only one provirus. After infection, reverse transcription occurs and this process is ... Group VII includes: Family Caulimoviridae - e.g. Cauliflower mosaic virus Family Hepadnaviridae - e.g. Hepatitis B virus The ... As a result, cells such as neurons are very resistant to infection and transduction by retroviruses. This gives rise to a ... Pol proteins are responsible for synthesis of viral DNA and integration into host DNA after infection. Env proteins play a role ...
Human foamy virus
Foamy virus in humans occurs only as a result of zoonotic infection. The first description of foamy virus (FV) was in 1954. It ... FV replication more closely resembles the Hepadnaviridae, which are another family of reverse transcriptase encoding viruses. ... Persistence in the absence of disease, but in the presence of antibodies is a defining characteristic of FV infection. HFV has ... Meiering, Christopher D.; Maxine L. Linial (January 2001). "Historical Perspective of Foamy Virus Epidemiology and Infection". ...
Bovine foamy virus
Continued research has shown that the infection prevalence of BFV is 40-85% worldwide but lacks any significant pathogenic ... For this reason, scientists have likened foamy viruses to viruses of the family Hepadnaviridae. Foamy viruses also contain ... Rustigian, R.; Johnston, P.; Reihart, H. (January 1955). "Infection of monkey kidney tissue cultures with virus-like agents". ... Meiering, Christopher D.; Maxine L. Linial (January 2001). "Historical Perspective of Foamy Virus Epidemiology and Infection". ...
Duck hepatitis B virus
... , abbreviated DHBV, is part of the genus Avihepadnavirus of the Hepadnaviridae, and is the causal agent ... Cooper A, Paran N, Shaul Y (2003-07-11). "The earliest steps in hepatitis B virus infection". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ( ... Jilbert AR, Kotlarski I (March-April 2000). "Immune responses to duck hepatitis B virus infection". Developmental and ... Hepadnaviridae, Animal viral diseases, Hepatitis B virus, Poultry diseases). ...
Baltimore classification
Two families of dsDNA-RT viruses are recognized: Caulimoviridae, which belongs to the order Ortervirales, and Hepadnaviridae, ... strands are used for translation of structural and movement proteins needed during intermediate and late stages of infection. ... alternative splicing acts as a way to regulate early and late gene expression during different stages of infection. ...
Virus classification
The class Blubervirales contains the single family Hepadnaviridae of DNA RT (reverse transcribing) viruses; all other RT ... Coleus blumei viroid 1 Satellites depend on co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus for productive multiplication. ...
Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus
... age of infection is highly correlated to the risk of developing a chronic infection. Woolly monkeys infected with WMHBV at ... The woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (WMHBV) is a viral species of the Orthohepadnavirus genus of the Hepadnaviridae family. Its ... Chronic infections of WMHBV can go long periods of time before symptoms arise, especially when the woolly monkey is infected at ... Chronic infections usually progress to liver issues which are often deadly. Woolly monkey autopsy reports from 1974 to 1998 ...
Hepatitis D
... in which hepatitis D viral infection occurs in someone who has chronic hepatitis B (as opposed to co-infection, in which a ... Unlike HDV, none of them depend on a Hepadnaviridae (HBV family) virus to replicate. These agents have rod-like structure, a ... those who have had previous or active infection with hepatitis B) as HDV requires hepatitis B viral infection to infect people ... which indicate past exposure to the virus or current infection. If anti-HDV antibodies are present, then active HDV infection ...
Avian HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon
... this pairing is not absolutely required for DHBV infection in ducks. DHBV epsilon consists of a stem structure, a bulge and an ... Hepadnaviridae, All stub articles, Molecular and cellular biology stubs). ... encoding the RNA encapsidation signal of an avian hepatitis B virus and slow evolution rate revealed by in vivo infection". ...
Cauliflower mosaic virus
CaMV infections are systemic, and even its DNA is infectious when inoculated on abraded plant surfaces. The CaMV genome has 8 ... the Hepadnaviridae, despite having a DNA genome replicated via an RNA intermediate (like the Caulimoviridae), are more ... A number of hosts of CaMV possess small RNA-based viral silencing mechanisms that serve to limit viral infection. The products ... Laliberté, JF.; Sanfaçon, H. (2010). "Cellular remodeling during plant virus infection". Annu Rev Phytopathol. 48: 69-91. doi: ...
Riboviria
... and the family Hepadnaviridae of the order Blubervirales. ssRNA-RT viruses have their positive-sense genome transcribed by RdDp ... which often aims to prevent viral infections. In modern history, numerous disease outbreaks have been caused by various members ...
Hepadnaviridae Infections | Colorado PROFILES
"Hepadnaviridae Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Hepadnaviridae Infections" was a major or minor ... "Hepadnaviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Hepadnaviridae Infections" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Hepadnaviridae Infections". ...
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Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases: Overview, Bacterial Infections, Viral Infections
The hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnaviridae family, is capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and ... What is the risk of transfusion-transmitted HAV and HEV infection?. What is the risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection? ... The risk of severe infection is particularly high in patients who have HIV infection, have had a splenectomy, or are ... What is the risk of transfusion-transmitted arbovirus infection? HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection and how is it prevented? ...
Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases: Overview, Bacterial Infections, Viral Infections
The hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnaviridae family, is capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and ... What is the risk of transfusion-transmitted HAV and HEV infection?. What is the risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection? ... The risk of severe infection is particularly high in patients who have HIV infection, have had a splenectomy, or are ... What is the risk of transfusion-transmitted arbovirus infection? HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection and how is it prevented? ...
Hepadnaviridae - Wikipedia
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was identified as an infection distinct from Hepatitis A through its contamination of Yellow_fever_ ... Wikispecies has information related to Hepadnaviridae. ICTV Report: Hepadnaviridae Viralzone: Hepadnaviridae "Hepadnaviridae". ... Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this ... Unlike Hepadnaviridae viruses that usually diverge alongside their hosts, viruses in the family jump hosts more frequently. The ...
Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Chacma Baboons, South Africa - Volume 19, Number 4-April 2013 - Emerging Infectious...
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a 3.2-kb partially double-stranded virus belonging to the family Hepadnaviridae. The outcome of ... Lack of any serologic markers of HBV infection further distinguishes this infection as a seronegative occult HBV infection (26 ... Experimental infection of chimpanzees with the virus of hepatitis B. Nature. 1972;237:514-5 and. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Hepatitis B virus infection in non-human primates. Acta Virol. 2009;53:73-82 and. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ...
Goal 3: Good health and well-being | Page 155 | Sustainable Development Goals - Resource Centre
A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States:...
Clinical Features and Natural History of HBV Infection HBV is a 42-nm DNA virus classified in the Hepadnaviridae family. The ... but these infections typically are transient and asymptomatic; breakthrough infections resulting in chronic HBV infection have ... Adults at risk for infection by sexual exposure. The most common source of HBV infection among adults in the United States is ... Prevalence of HBV Infection During 1988--1994, the overall age-adjusted prevalence of HBV infection (including previous or ...
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Cell Culture Models for the Investigation of Hepatitis B and D Virus Infection
Native hepatoma cell lines do not allow viral infection, and the culture of primary hepatocytes, the natural host cell for the ... In this review, we summarize the major cell culture models for HBV and HDV infection, discuss their advantages and limitations ... Current antivirals effectively control but only rarely cure chronic infection. While the molecular biology of the two viruses ... as NTCP-overexpressing hepatoma cells acquire susceptibility to HBV and HDV infections. ...
CHIKUNGUNYA INFECTION - Everything Microbiology
HEPADNAVIRIDAE FAMILY September 7, 2023. POLYOMAVIRIDAE FAMILY July 19, 2023. PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE FAMILY July 19, 2023. ... Prevention of infection by avoiding mosquito bites is the best protection. Prevention and control of chikungunya infection in ... Diagnostics of chikungunya infection. Several methods can be used for diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection. Serological ... A CHIKV infection causes fever and severe joint pain. Other symptoms include muscle pain, joint swelling, headache, nausea, ...
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
BACKGROUND: Malaria infection during pregnancy endangers the pregnant woman, fetus, and newborn child. Thus, the use of an ... It is a DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae virus family. Africa, after Asia, has the second highest number of chronic ... Offering HBVIG and vaccinations to the 50% of infants can save many lives and reduces the force of infection by more than a ... Higher grade of varices, non-use of beta blockers, presence of infection, platelet number and age are associated with higher ...
Family Hepadnaviridae - Viruses And Human Disease
these cases, 67% are due to chronic hepatitis B and 26% are due to chronic hepatitis C infection. The names of the regions ... shown in Fig. 1.15. After infection of a cell, the viral nucleo- ... chronic infection often results. Infection of adults results in ... serological evidence of past infection. From CDC Web page: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/slides. ...
HbsAg ELISA kit - HBsAg ELISA assay | GMP | 818-591 3030-USA.
When using this kit, it is important to classify hepatitis B infection through three phases of the infection - incubation, ... double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family. The outer envelope surface antigen of the Hepatitis B virus ... Symptoms of HBV infection can range from mild to severe, including chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and carcinoma). HBV is an ... Hepatitis B infection is spread through infected blood or body secretions of infected individuals. Since Hepatitis B virus (HBV ...
Further reading: Hepadnaviridae | ICTV
Hepatitis B. In Topley and Wilsons Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th Edition, pp. 745-774. Edited by L. Collier, A. ... Further reading: Hepadnaviridae. Drexler, J. F., A. Geipel, A. König, V. M. Corman, D. van Riel, L. M. Leijten, C. M. Bremer, A ... Hepadnaviridae: The viruses and their replication. In Fields Virology 4th Edition, pp. 2923-2969. Edited by D. M. Knipe & P. M ...
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Norway | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text
Of the patients with reported country of infection (n = 909), 10% (n = 93) were infected in Norway, but the majority (n = 816; ... infection remains a serious global health challenge. The widespread distribution of HBV is highlighted by multiple HBV ... The HBV is an enveloped virus in the family Hepadnaviridae with a circular and partially double-stranded DNA genome of ... HBV infections in Norway are mainly driven by an influx of people with chronic infection who acquired their HBV infection prior ...
Where Do Hepatitis B Infections Occur - HepatitisProHelp.com
The hepatitis B virus is a small DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. Related viruses in this family are also ... Prevent Infection After Contact With The Virus. If you think you have been in contact with the hepatitis B virus, see your ... For chronic HBV infection, antiviral medications are available.. This is not a cure for chronic HBV. However, it can stop the ... Genetics Of Infection With Hepatitis B. Several genes, many having to do with the host immune response, have been implicated in ...
Viral Diseases of the Digestive System
Infection with this type of hepatitis accompanies infection with hepatitis B virus because the delta antigen relies on ... Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B, also called serum hepatitis, is caused by a DNA virus that is classified in the Hepadnaviridae. The ... Viral gastroenteritis is a general expression for viral infection of the intestine. A major cause is the rotavirus, a virus ... Hepatitis B is accompanied by liver infection, and in some cases, liver failure. Symptoms are similar to those in hepatitis A ...
MeSH Browser
Infections [C01] * Virus Diseases [C01.925] * DNA Virus Infections [C01.925.256] * Hepadnaviridae Infections [C01.925.256.430] ... Infections [C01] * Communicable Diseases [C01.221] * Blood-Borne Infections [C01.221.250] * Hepatitis B [C01.221.250.500] * ... Hepatitis B Virus Infection Term UI T000908392. Date09/30/2016. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2018). ... Infections [C01] * Virus Diseases [C01.925] * Hepatitis, Viral, Human [C01.925.440] * Hepatitis A [C01.925.440.420] ...
DeCS
Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among health care workers and medical waste handlers in...
... medical waste handlers and the overall hepatitis B virus infection was 10 (2.6%). High rate of hepatitis B virus infection was ... More than half (54.4%) of the study participants did not take training on infection and 9 (4.3%) of them were positive for ... The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determined the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among ... HBV is a DNA virus classified under the family Hepadnaviridae. Humans are the only known natural host for HBV. HBV enters the ...
Prevalence of the Surface Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus among Youth Aged 15 to 24 in TOGO in 2010 | OMICS International
First marker of HBV infection, HBsAg can be detected 2 to 12 weeks after the infection [4]. It increases, reaches its maximum ... Denis S, Thibault V, Alain S (2003) Hepadnaviridae: Hepatitis B Virus. In: Huraux JM (ed.) Treaty of medical virology. ESTEM ... sensitization could curb infections among adults. A further study is needed to identify the factors promoting infection in the ... The HBV infection is a global problem, because three quarters of the world population live in areas where the prevalence of ...
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Pipeline Analysis Report, 2023: FDA Approvals, Clinical Trials, Therapies, Mechanism of Action, Route...
The "Hepadnaviridae" family of little DNA viruses includes the hepatitis B virus. It is an HBV-causes liver infection that is ... Either an acute infection or a chronic infection can occur from a hepatitis B infection. It is known as a "acute infection" ... In March 2021, In a Roche-sponsored Phase II combo trial for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, ... High prevalence of chronic HBV infection, increasing Research and development in Chronic Hepatitis B are some of the important ...
DNA 03
The source of infection are subjects with acute disease or chronic carriers, in which the virus persists in the blood and other ... The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family. There are currently 6 known genotypes with a ... However, only 30-50% of acute infections in adults and 10% in children lead to jaundice. The lethality rate is around 1%, but ... The risk of chronicization increases as the age in which the infection is acquired decreases; in fact, in infants infected ...
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Pipeline Analysis Report, 2023: FDA Approvals, Clinical Trials, Therapies, Mechanism of Action, Route...
The "Hepadnaviridae" family of little DNA viruses includes the hepatitis B virus. It is an HBV-causes liver infection that is ... Either an acute infection or a chronic infection can occur from a hepatitis B infection. It is known as a "acute infection" ... In March 2021, In a Roche-sponsored Phase II combo trial for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, ... High prevalence of chronic HBV infection, increasing Research and development in Chronic Hepatitis B are some of the important ...
PPT - Periods and clinical symptoms of hepatitis PowerPoint Presentation - ID:5070240
Viral hepatitis is viral infection of the liver that causes hepatic inflammation which is followed by the classic icteric ... In a super-infection by HDV: • HBsAg and HDV RNA remain because super-infection usually leads to chronic infection. • anti-HDV ... Family Hepadnaviridae. Hepatitis B virus • The hepatitis B virion (Dane particle): • outer lipid envelope with the surface ... Laboratory markers for HDV infection • In an HBV-HDV co-infection: • HDV antigen is detected in about ¼ of patients. HDV ...
Adenoviridae Infections | Colorado PROFILES
Adenoviridae Infections. *African Swine Fever. *Circoviridae Infections. *Hepadnaviridae Infections. *Herpesviridae Infections ... Dela Cruz CS, Pasnick S, Gross JE, Keller J, Carlos WG, Cao B, Jamil S. Adenovirus Infection and Outbreaks: What You Need to ... "Adenoviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adenoviridae Infections" by people in this website by year, ...
Herpesviridae Infections | Profiles RNS
Adenoviridae Infections. *African Swine Fever. *Circoviridae Infections. *Hepadnaviridae Infections. *Herpesviridae Infections ... "Herpesviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Herpesviridae Infections" by people in this website by year, ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Herpesviridae Infections" by people in Profiles. ...
VirusesOrthohepadnavirusFamilyHumansHepatitis B infectionSurface antigenOccurDouble-strandedDiseasesAntigenVirus InfectionSymptomsHBsAgBacterialIntestinal infectionCirrhosis of thLonger than 6 monthsViral HepatitisIncidenceSpeciesEndemic2016PrevalenceVaccinationAdultsReplicationSerious liver infectionSerologicAsymptomaticHBeAgOutcomeType of infectionHepatocellular carcinomaClinicalAmplified from serumPersistentAcute diseaseActive infectionImmunityEnters the bodyTransmissionPersons
Viruses6
- Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Members of the family Hepadnaviridae encode their own polymerase, rather than co-opting host machinery as some other viruses do. (wikipedia.org)
- While the molecular biology of the two viruses has been characterized in great detail, the absence of robust cell culture models for HBV and/or HDV infection has limited the investigation of virus-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
- Genotype 1 and 2 infections have been identified exclusively in humans, whereas genotype 3 and 4 viruses have been isolated from swine, deer, mongoose, cattle, and rabbits in addition to humans. (allaboutheaven.org)
- Thus, the incidence of infection with these five viruses is generally lowest in industrialized and developed countries and highest in less-developed regions. (nationalacademies.org)
- Pararetrovirus" is the term introduced by Temin (1985) to define animal ( Hepadnaviridae ) and plant viruses ( Caulimoviridae ) that differ to retroviruses on the basis of their DNA genome and on their no regular integration into the host genome for replication. (gydb.org)
Orthohepadnavirus2
- Hepatitis B virus , abbreviated HBV ,- is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and the genus is classified as part of the Hepadnaviridae family. (allaboutheaven.org)
- We have tentatively named this new member of the genus Orthohepadnavirus (family Hepadnaviridae), Taï Forest hepadnavirus. (rki.de)
Family11
- Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic infections), and cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a 3.2-kb partially double-stranded virus belonging to the family Hepadnaviridae . (cdc.gov)
- HBV is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family. (rapidtest.com)
- The HBV is an enveloped virus in the family Hepadnaviridae with a circular and partially double-stranded DNA genome of approximately 3.2 kbp in length. (biomedcentral.com)
- The hepatitis B virus is a small DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
- HBV is a DNA virus classified under the family Hepadnaviridae. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hbv is class ivied as an orthoropadnavirus within the family hepadnaviridae. (researchwap.com)
- HBV is a doublestranded DNA virus of the Hepadnaviridae family that was discovered in 1963 [ 5 , 6 ]. (currentpediatrics.com)
- Hepatitis B is a double-stranded DNA virus and prototype member of the hepadnaviridae family. (longdom.org)
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype member of the family Hepadnaviridae and replicates via episomal copies of a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) genome of approximately 3.2 kb. (ox.ac.uk)
- It is a prototype virus of the Hepadnaviridae family. (neodx.in)
Humans1
- Viral copy numbers in the blood were in the range known from humans with active chronic infections leading to liver histolytic damage, suggesting this virus could be pathogenic in duikers, though many orthohepadnaviruses appear to be apathogenic in other hosts, precluding a formal test of this hypothesis. (rki.de)
Hepatitis B infection7
- Hepatitis B infection is spread through infected blood or body secretions of infected individuals. (rapidtest.com)
- When using this kit, it is important to classify hepatitis B infection through three phases of the infection - incubation, acute, and convalescent. (rapidtest.com)
- A small proportion of people who become infected with the hepatitis B virus develop a long-term hepatitis B infection. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
- People with chronic hepatitis B infection may not notice any health problems until they develop liver problems such as liver disease or liver cancer later in life. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
- Polyarteritis nodosa is more common in people with hepatitis B infection. (findmeacure.com)
- Hepatitis B infection acquired in adulthood leads to chronic hepatitis in less than 5% of cases, whereas infection in infancy and early childhood leads to chronic hepatitis in about 95% of cases. (neodx.in)
- The liver is a very important organ and long duration of hepatitis b infection can cause an irreversible damage to it. (drsafehands.com)
Surface antigen4
- Early studies involving injection of baboons with HBV-positive serum failed to detect any clinical or biochemical signs of infection in these primates, and initial serologic surveys failed to detect HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum, leading to the conclusion that baboons were not susceptible to HBV infection ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
- The data showed that two doses of BRII-835 (VIR-2218), an investigational small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) that mediates RNA interference (RNAi), decreased hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection. (mysorenewspaper.com)
- Hepatitis D infection can only occur with a concomitant infection with Hepatitis B virus because the Hepatitis D virus uses the Hepatitis B virus surface antigen to form a capsid. (findmeacure.com)
- Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA are considered reliable indicators of active HBV infection. (longdom.org)
Occur5
- Furthermore, since the virus resists on environmental surfaces for at least 7 days, the infection can also occur through an inapparent parenteral route (indirect inoculation) or through vehicles contaminated through minimal lesions of the skin or mucous membranes (dental brushes, scissors, combs, razors , bath brushes contaminated with infected blood). (passionevirale.it)
- Seroconversion can occur as early as 2 weeks in acute infection or may take years in chronic infection. (medscape.com)
- About 1.4 million new cases of HAV infections occur worldwide every year. (currentpediatrics.com)
- An estimated 20 million HEV infections occur annually worldwide, leading to 3.3 million symptomatic cases, 44,000 deaths and 3,000 stillbirths. (currentpediatrics.com)
- Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection). (allaboutheaven.org)
Double-stranded1
- But of interest is one Repatitis virus - one of the most common infections diseases, causing an estimated 1.5millon deaths world wide each year - Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is caused by the Repatitis B virus (HBV), a double - stranded circular DNA virus of complex structure. (researchwap.com)
Diseases2
- Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE. (ucdenver.edu)
- Both acute and chronic infections have been notifiable to the Norwegian surveillance system for communicable diseases (MSIS) since 1975 and 1992, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen2
- Infection with this type of hepatitis accompanies infection with hepatitis B virus because the delta antigen relies on hepatitis B virus for its replication. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Presence of the antigen longer than 6 months after initial exposure indicates chronic infection. (medscape.com)
Virus Infection1
- Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia M, Duarte-Rojo A. Hepatic Steatosis and its Effects on Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. (uams.edu)
Symptoms4
- Symptoms of HBV infection can range from mild to severe, including chronic liver disease (cirrhosis and carcinoma). (rapidtest.com)
- Viral hepatitis is viral infection of the liver that causes hepatic inflammation which is followed by the classic icteric symptoms of jaundice and the release of liver enzymes. (slideserve.com)
- However, some patients with typical signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis did not have serologic markers of HAV, HBV or HDV infection and were categorized based on epidemiologic characteristics as having either parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis or enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
- Approximately one-third of adults with acute HBV infection develop clinical symptoms and signs of hepatitis, which range from mild constitutional symptoms of fatigue and nausea to more marked symptoms and jaundice, and rarely to acute liver failure. (neodx.in)
HBsAg4
- Since Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known as one of the major causes of blood transmitted hepatitis infections, blood screening using the HBsAg ELISA test is one of the most effective ways of preventing the spread of HBV. (rapidtest.com)
- More than half (54.4%) of the study participants did not take training on infection and 9 (4.3%) of them were positive for HBsAg (COR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.0.02-1.02, P = 0.052). (biomedcentral.com)
- First marker of HBV infection , HBsAg can be detected 2 to 12 weeks after the infection [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- IgM anti-HBc indicates acute infection and is the only serologic marker detectable during the "window period," when neither HbsAg nor anti-HBs is detectable. (medscape.com)
Bacterial2
- An important concept in the evaluation of data regarding transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) is the definition of a case. (medscape.com)
- 2nd most common bacterial STI STI Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that spread either by vaginal intercourse, anal sex, or oral sex. (lecturio.com)
Intestinal infection2
- The Coxsackie virus is an RNA virus also capable of causing intestinal infection. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Spread of HAV within the body HAV enters the body by ingestion and intestinal infection. (slideserve.com)
Cirrhosis of th1
- Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its consequences, including cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. (cdc.gov)
Longer than 6 months1
- For others, it can become a long-term, chronic infection that can remain in the body for longer than 6 months and can lead to serious, even life-threatening health issues like liver disease or liver cancer. (neodx.in)
Viral Hepatitis6
- The most frequent viral hepatitis infection in children is hepatitis A, followed by HEV and HBV. (currentpediatrics.com)
- This highlights the importance of routine HAV and HEV testing in AVH patients, particularly for the management of severe infections caused of co-infections condition in other viral hepatitis. (currentpediatrics.com)
- Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E: An Overview Hepatitis Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [SLIDE 1] Title Slide [This slide set presents an overview of the clinical and epidemiologic features for viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E and prevention measures for these infections. (cdc.gov)
- SLIDE 4] Acute Viral Hepatitis, by Type, United States, 1982-1993 Of acute hepatitis cases in the United States from 1982 through 1993, 47% were attributable to hepatitis A, 34% to hepatitis B, 16% to hepatitis C, and 3% were negative for serologic markers of HAV, HBV, and HCV infection. (cdc.gov)
- Acute infection with hepatitis B virus is associated with acute viral hepatitis - an illness that begins with general ill-health, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, body aches, mild fever, dark urine, and then progresses to development of jaundice. (findmeacure.com)
- Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
Incidence2
- The current trend shows an increase in the incidence of HAV, HBV and HEV infections along with an increase in the rate of HAV HEV co infection and liver disease worldwide. (currentpediatrics.com)
- This type of infection dramatically increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). (findmeacure.com)
Species2
- Baboons ( Papio species) have been proposed as a possible animal model of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
- This supposed lack of susceptibility of baboons to infection with HBV, and the fact that unlike chimpanzees, baboons are not an endangered species, intimated that baboons were good candidates for sources of liver for xenotransplants. (cdc.gov)
Endemic3
- However, the majority of people with chronic HBV infection in Norway are people from high- and intermediate endemic regions who became infected before arriving to Norway [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In developing countries with vast areas of sub-optimal hygiene and sanitary conditions, HAV and HEV infection has assumed endemic proportions. (currentpediatrics.com)
- IG prepared from Western blood donor sources does not prevent infection and it is unclear if IG prepared from serum of donors from high endemic areas will prevent infection. (cdc.gov)
20163
- Since the introduction of an effective vaccine in 1982, the global immunisation coverage of infants has gradually increased to 87% in 2016 and hence the number of new chronic infections has dramatically decreased among immunised children [ 5 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- To find the prevalence of HB, HCV and HIV infection among the foreigners who visited Sulaimani city in 2013 through 2016 and evaluate the common risk factors in those who had a positive results in 2016. (edu.iq)
- Among 275,979 foreigners who visited Sulaimani city from 2013 through 2016, theoverall prevalence of HBV infection was0.47%(1318 cases), HCV 0.01 %( 267 cases) and HIV 0.01 %( 30 cases). (edu.iq)
Prevalence3
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determined the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among health care workers and medical waste handlers in primary hospitals of North-west Ethiopia. (biomedcentral.com)
- World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of HBV infection in Africa is on average more than 10% [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection was expected to affect 257 million persons globally in 2015, with the Western Pacific and African areas having the largest proportion of positive cases (68% of cases) and North America having the lowest prevalence. (currentpediatrics.com)
Vaccination8
- This report, the second of a two-part statement from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), provides updated recommendations to increase hepatitis B vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
- In settings in which a high proportion of adults have risks for HBV infection (e.g., sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus testing and treatment facilities, drug-abuse treatment and prevention settings, health-care settings targeting services to IDUs, health-care settings targeting services to MSM, and correctional facilities), ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated adults. (cdc.gov)
- In other primary care and specialty medical settings in which adults at risk for HBV infection receive care, health-care providers should inform all patients about the health benefits of vaccination, including risks for HBV infection and persons for whom vaccination is recommended, and vaccinate adults who report risks for HBV infection and any adults requesting protection from HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
- To promote vaccination in all settings, health-care providers should implement standing orders to identify adults recommended for hepatitis B vaccination and administer vaccination as part of routine clinical services, not require acknowledgment of an HBV infection risk factor for adults to receive vaccine, and use available reimbursement mechanisms to remove financial barriers to hepatitis B vaccination. (cdc.gov)
- Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to pre- vent HBV infection and its consequences. (cdc.gov)
- Insufficient coverage of HBV vaccination, injection drug users, unsafe blood transfusion, and inadequate health precautions are major risk factors for HBV infection in these regions. (biomedcentral.com)
- More detailed information regarding the epidemiologic features and prevention measures for hepatitis B are presented in two previously published slide sets: 1) "Elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States: routine childhood vaccination," and 2) "Prevention of perinatal and early childhood hepatitis B virus infections in the United States," both of which are available from the National Technical Information Service (800-CDC-1824). (cdc.gov)
- The infection is preventable by vaccination. (findmeacure.com)
Adults4
- In adults, ongoing HBV transmission occurs primarily among unvaccinated persons with behavioral risks for HBV transmission (e.g., heterosexuals with multiple sex partners, injection-drug users [IDUs], and men who have sex with men [MSM]) and among household contacts and sex partners of persons with chronic HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
- However, only 30-50% of acute infections in adults and 10% in children lead to jaundice. (passionevirale.it)
- Children are less likely than adults to clear the infection. (findmeacure.com)
- By contrast, almost all children 6 years and older and adults infected with the hepatitis B virus recover completely and do not develop chronic infection. (neodx.in)
Replication1
- Because HDV infection is dependent on HBV for replication, immunization to prevent HBV infection, through either pre- or postexposure prophylaxis, can also prevent HDV infection. (cdc.gov)
Serious liver infection2
- Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world. (findmeacure.com)
- Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). (neodx.in)
Serologic1
- The presence of HBV DNA at relatively low levels and in the absence of serologic markers in the baboon, a nonhuman primate, indicates an occult infection. (cdc.gov)
Asymptomatic4
- The infection by HBV is, in most cases, asymptomatic. (passionevirale.it)
- The infection may be entirely asymptomatic and may go unrecognized. (findmeacure.com)
- Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus may be either asymptomatic or may be associated with a chronic inflammation of the liver (chronic hepatitis), leading to cirrhosis over a period of several years. (findmeacure.com)
- About two-thirds of patients with acute HBV infection have a mild, asymptomatic, and subclinical illness that usually goes undetected. (neodx.in)
HBeAg2
- HBeAg is the soluble component of the core, with is released during active infection. (slideserve.com)
- [ 1 ] However, HbeAg testing is indicated primarily during follow-up of chronic infection rather than acute infection because of its variable level during the acute phase. (medscape.com)
Outcome2
- The outcome of infection with this virus is determined mainly by the immune response of the host and can be acute, chronic, or occult. (cdc.gov)
- Co-infection of HBV in HAV and HEV cases found to be significant in clinical outcome. (currentpediatrics.com)
Type of infection2
- this type of infection can be termed as a recent infection. (drsafehands.com)
- this type of infection can be termed as an old infection. (drsafehands.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma1
- Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections are major causes of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. (mdpi.com)
Clinical1
- In October 2021, The clinical collaboration agreement between Antios Therapeutics and Assembly Biosciences will be used to test a triple combination therapy on people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (mysorenewspaper.com)
Amplified from serum1
- These 4 baboons showed transient seroconversion, and HBV DNA was amplified from serum at various times after infection. (cdc.gov)
Persistent1
- Persistent infection can develop into chronic hepatitis B, especially when transmitted in infancy or childhood. (neodx.in)
Acute disease1
- The source of infection are subjects with acute disease or chronic carriers, in which the virus persists in the blood and other biological liquids, such as saliva, bile, nasal secretion, mother's milk or sperm, vaginal mucus. (passionevirale.it)
Active infection1
- An immediate action plan is needed to screen all Syrian refugees in our region for HBV, HCV and HIV to determine active infection and treat accordingly and also impose preventive measures to halt the spread of the infections. (edu.iq)
Immunity2
- Past Infection i.e. immunity: IgG. (slideserve.com)
- Susceptibility to acute mouse adenovirus type 1 respiratory infection and establishment of protective immunity in neonatal mice. (ucdenver.edu)
Enters the body1
- During this time, the virus can still cause infection if it enters the body of an unvaccinated individual. (neodx.in)
Transmission1
- dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or treatments, or a related agent with unknown risk of transmission. (absa.org)
Persons1
- Persons with self-limiting infection clear the infection spontaneously within weeks to months. (findmeacure.com)
