A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.
General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT.
Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.
Malignant neoplasms composed of MACROPHAGES or DENDRITIC CELLS. Most histiocytic sarcomas present as localized tumor masses without a leukemic phase. Though the biological behavior of these neoplasms resemble lymphomas, their cell lineage is histiocytic not lymphoid.
Macrophages found in the TISSUES, as opposed to those found in the blood (MONOCYTES) or serous cavities (SEROUS MEMBRANE).
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.
Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).
A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.
The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.
A congenital disease caused by an inborn error involving APOLIPOPROTEINS E leading to abnormal LIPID METABOLISM and the accumulation of GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS, particularly SPHINGOMYELINS in the HISTIOCYTES. This disorder is characterized by SPLENOMEGALY and the sea-blue histiocytes in the spleen and bone marrow after May Grunwald staining.
Benign disorder of infants and children caused by proliferation of HISTIOCYTES, macrophages found in tissues. These histiocytes, usually lipid-laden non-Langerhans cells, form multiple yellow-red nodules most often in the skin, the eye, and sometimes in the viscera. Patients appear to have normal lipid metabolism and are classified as a normolipemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.
Diseases of BONES.
Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the EPIDERMIS and are rich in Class II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX molecules. Langerhans cells were the first dendritic cell to be described and have been a model of study for other dendritic cells (DCs), especially other migrating DCs such as dermal DCs and INTERSTITIAL DENDRITIC CELLS.
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.
Pathological processes of the VULVA.
Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are malignant neoplasms of MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS.
Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.
Mucoid states characterized by the elevated deposition and accumulation of mucin (mucopolysaccharides) in dermal tissue. The fibroblasts are responsible for the production of acid mucopolysaccharides (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) in the ground substance of the connective tissue system. When fibroblasts produce abnormally large quantities of mucopolysaccharides as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, or heparin, they accumulate in large amounts in the dermis.
Neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and other diseases of the hypothalamus. Clinical manifestations include appetite disorders; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SLEEP DISORDERS; behavioral symptoms related to dysfunction of the LIMBIC SYSTEM; and neuroendocrine disorders.
A condition that is characterized by inflammation, ulceration, and perforation of the nose and the PALATE with progressive destruction of midline facial structures. This syndrome can be manifested in several diseases including the nasal type of EXTRANODAL NK-T-CELL LYMPHOMA and GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS.
Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.
Proteins involved in the transport of NUCLEOSIDES across cellular membranes.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.
Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.
General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.
A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.
Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)
Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues.
One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the FRONTAL BONE and OCCIPITAL BONE, which together form the sides of the CRANIUM.
The part of the face above the eyes.
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.
One of the paired air spaces located in the body of the SPHENOID BONE behind the ETHMOID BONE in the middle of the skull. Sphenoid sinus communicates with the posterosuperior part of NASAL CAVITY on the same side.
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
A congenital or acquired condition of insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE by the ADRENAL CORTEX leading to diminished aldosterone-mediated synthesis of Na(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE in renal tubular cells. Clinical symptoms include HYPERKALEMIA, sodium-wasting, HYPOTENSION, and sometimes metabolic ACIDOSIS.
An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia.
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.
Inflammation of the lymph nodes.
'Spinal diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the structural integrity, function, or health of the spinal column, including degenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries, neoplasms, and congenital abnormalities.
A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)
A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).
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Adrenergic innervation in reactive human lymph nodes. (1/59)

Several experimental models have demonstrated that the central nervous system is functionally linked to the immune system by means of the autonomic nervous system. Samples of 36 lymph nodes of patients whose ages ranged from 16 to 69 y were studied. In order to demonstrate the existence and distribution of sympathetic nerve fibres, a polyclonal antibody antityrosine hydroxylase (TH), with the streptavidin-biotin system of detection, was used. TH-positive nerve fibres appeared in all reactive patterns of the lymph nodes studied. Thin nerve fascicles ramified at the hilar region and also in the connective tissue septae. Adventitial adrenergic nerve fibres were found following afferent, and to a lesser extent, efferent blood vessels. Another source of incoming nerve fibres was found at capsular level, accompanying blood vessels. On the arterial side, the innervation ceased before reaching the follicular arterioles. Our demonstration of innervation in postcapillary venules could support a regulatory role of adrenergic neurotransmitters in lymphocyte traffic. Occasional nerve fibres were also seen in T areas among parenchymatous cells. These findings confirm the existence of sympathetic innervation in human lymph nodes, and provide indirect evidence that the psychoneuroimmune axis could also exist in humans.  (+info)

Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis improved by combined CHOP and cyclosporin A treatment. (2/59)

In a 31-year-old Japanese man with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) remission was achieved by a combination of combined chemotherapy CHOP and cyclosporin A treatment. He was admitted to our hospital in January 1994 with recurrent high fever of 40.2 degrees C and tender and violaceous subcutaneous nodules on his trunk, arms and legs. He developed pancytopenia, hemorrhagic diathesis, liver dysfunction. Histological examination of the biopsied subcutaneous nodule revealed a lobular panniculitis with fat necrosis and a massive infiltration of histiocytes phagocytosing nuclear debris. He was treated initially with 40 mg/day prednisolone. However, following a reduction in prednisolone dosage, his symptoms reappeared. CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) therapy was then initiated. Three courses of CHOP treatment alleviated his symptoms and cyclosporin A was used to maintain his condition for 15 months. His medication was then discontinued and he has been in complete remission for 10 months. Combined treatment of cyclosporin A and CHOP combined chemotherapy was shown to be effective for this patient with severe CHP.  (+info)

Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report. (3/59)

A 42-year-old man with Erdheim-Chester disease (EC) is presented. This is the first case of this disease reported in Korea. The patient complained of knee pain and plain roentgenogram of the bilateral legs revealed diffusely increased density, coarsened trabecular pattern, and cortical thickening in the diaphysis, and metaphysis as well as epiphysis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the lesions showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneously low and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen showed a xanthogranulomatous lesion consisting aggregations of foamy histiocytes and Touton-type giant cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive reaction to anti-S-100 and lysozyme in the cytoplasm of the giant cells.  (+info)

Disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and massive protein-losing enteropathy. (4/59)

Symptomatic involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a prominent symptom in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is uncommon, occurring in less than 1 to 5% of all cases, even when the disease is in its disseminated form. Up to now, there have been reports of 18 cases of LCH with GI manifestations, including our 2 cases, with diarrhea (77.7%), protein-losing enteropathy (33.3%) and bloody stool being the most frequent findings. The authors present two patients with severe diarrhea and refractory hypoalbuminemia, and with the protein-losing enteropathy documented by Cr51-labeled albumin studies. A review of the literature indicated that the presence of GI symptoms is often associated with systemic disease as well as with poor prognosis, mainly under 2 years of age. Radioisotopes are useful for documenting protein loss in several diseases with high specificity and sensitivity, and their utilization in the cases reviewed here permitted diagnoses in 6 children, as well as improved therapeutic management.  (+info)

Evaluation of lymph node reactivity in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. (5/59)

CONTEXT: The development of metastases is the most notable characteristic of malignant neoplasias. The filter function of lymph nodes, which led to the idea of including lymphatic treatment in surgical management of metastases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate morphological alterations in neck nodes in the presence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): hyperplasia, histiocytosis, desmoplasia, capsular rupture, necrosis and their relation to the biological behavior of these neoplasias. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University referral unit. PARTICIPANTS: 98 DTC patients, from 1977 to 1992, 18 cases were selected for histological analyses, of which 14 were female and 4 males, with an average age of 50.2 years. From these cases, 290 lymph nodes were analyzed (81 with metastasis), with an average of 16 lymph nodes/patient. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Morphological evaluation of paraffin cuts stained by HE was done using an optical microscope, looking for presence of the above mentioned neoplasias and their UICC-TNM (1997) staging. RESULTS: Sinus histiocytosis was 2.4 times more frequent in the absence of lymph node metastasis (pNo). Disease recurrence occurred in 5 patients, all of whom were more than 40 years old (p= 0.24) and 4 of whom had necrosis (p= 0.02). Six patients with predominance of paracortical hyperplasia (p= 0.02) did not show as much relapse into disease as those with less than 6 metastasis lymph nodes (p= 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of paracortical hyperplasia is associated with a better prognosis. The existence of necrosis or metastasis in more than 6 lymph nodes in patients over 40 years of age is related to higher risk of relapse of disease in DTC.  (+info)

Splenic myeloid metaplasia, histiocytosis, and hypersplenism in the dog (65 cases). (6/59)

Splenectomy specimens from 65 dogs with severe, diffuse, sustained, and progressive splenomegaly were examined. The clinical signs, hematology, and serum chemistry values in for the dogs were not useful diagnostic features. Microscopic changes in the spleens were distinctive and consisted of 1) myeloid metaplasia, 2) histiocytosis, 3) erythrophagocytosis, and 4) thrombosis with segmental infarction. Ultrastructural features suggested proliferative changes in the splenic reticular cells and macrophages (reticular meshwork) that described a continuum from reactive changes associated with immunologic damage of erythrocytes to neoplastic proliferation of histiocytic components. Thirty percent of the dogs survived 12 months. Approximately one half (53%) of the dogs with complete postmortem evaluations showed multiorgan involvement with a tissue distribution and cell morphology consistent with histiocytic neoplasia. For the remaining dogs (47%), only splenic pathology was consistently present, and a specific cause of death was often not evident. Distinctive histologic changes in the splenic tissues-including mitotic activity, erythrophagocytosis, giant cell formation, thrombosis/ infarction, and the proportion and distribution of histiocytic and hematopoietic cells-were statistically evaluated for prognostic relevance. The presence of giant cells was the only reliable prognostic feature, and that was indicative of a fatal outcome. These descriptive changes of myeloid metaplasia in the canine spleen are compared with the human clinical and pathologic syndromes of 1) agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, 2) hemophagocytic syndromes, and 3) hypersplenism. These diseases in humans produce histopathologic changes in the spleen that are similar to those observed in the canine splenic tissue we examined in this study.  (+info)

Analysis of engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and immune recovery following unrelated donor cord blood transplantation. (7/59)

Unrelated cord blood (UCB) is being used as a source of alternative hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation with increasing frequency. From November 1994 to February 1999, 30 UCB transplant procedures were performed for both malignant and nonmalignant diseases in 27 children, aged 0.4 to 17.1 years. Patients received either HLA-matched (n = 3) or 1- or 2-antigen-mismatched (n = 27) UCB following 1 of 2 standardized preparative and graft-versus-host disease regimens (hyperfractionated total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin [ATG] with cyclosporine A and methotrexate; or busulfan, melphalan, and ATG with cyclosporine A and prednisone). The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 27 days (12-60 days) and 75 days (33-158 days) posttransplantation, respectively. No correlation was noted between neutrophil and platelet engraftment and nucleated cells per kilogram, CD34(+) cells per kilogram infused, or cytomegalovirus status of recipient. The cumulative probability of acute grade 2 or greater graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 37.2%, and of grade 3 or greater GVHD was 8.8%. No patients developed chronic GVHD. CD4, CD19, and natural killer cell recovery was achieved at a median of 12, 6, and 2 months, respectively. CD8 recovery was delayed at a median of 9 months. Normal mitogen response was achieved at 6 to 9 months. The probability of survival, disease-free survival, and event-free survival at 1 year was 52.3% (34.1%-70.5%), 54.7% (34.5%-74.9 %) and 49.6% (29.9%-69.4%), respectively. This series of 30 UCB transplants suggests that although CD8 cell recovery is delayed, the pattern of immune reconstitution with UCB is similar to that reported for other stem cell sources. (Blood. 2000;96:2703-2711)  (+info)

Hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesion: ten cases of a previously undescribed fatty lesion of the foot/ankle. (8/59)

We address the clinicopathologic features of a previously undescribed heavily-pigmented spindle cell proliferation within a circumscribed benign lipomatous lesion that occurs mainly in the ankle region of older females. Patients with "lipoma with fibrohistiocytic proliferation" were retrieved from our files. Slides and clinical information were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry was performed (n = 5). Ten patients with hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesions were identified. All cases demonstrated a well-circumscribed fatty lesion with random focal proliferations of plump, slightly pleomorphic spindled cells, scattered inflammatory cells, and abundant iron pigment. The spindled cells had vesicular nuclei with indistinct nucleoli; occasional hyperchromatism was observed. No nuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were identified. The spindled component had a reactive appearance. In most cases, the fatty component, with homogeneously sized adipocytes, predominated. The lesions occurred in the foot/ankle region (8/10, one each cheek and hand) of primarily females (8/10) with a mean age of 50.6 years (range 42-63 years), size of 7.7 cm (range 2.5-17 cm), and prior duration of 3.1 years. Seven of eight patients had a history of prior trauma. The spindled component was positive for vimentin, calponin, CD34, and occasionally KP-1 or lysozyme and negative for caldesmon, S100, and desmin. Follow-up on eight patients revealed four with recurrences or residual disease over three years, requiring re-excision. No cases metastasized or caused patient death (mean 12 years, range 1-23 years). We describe a predominantly fatty lesion that is hemosiderin rich with a "fibrohistiocytic" proliferation, composed of histiocytes, myofibroblasts, and C34-positive fibroblasts, which occurs predominantly in the ankle region of middle-aged females. We believe that this is a reactive process due to antecedent trauma, the inflammatory cells, hemosiderin, mixed spindled cells, and homogeneous non-neoplastic appearance of the fat. HFLL can be distinguished from previously described lesions. Correct identification of hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesion is important, as it may locally recur.  (+info)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of dendritic cells called Langerhans cells in various tissues and organs of the body. These cells are part of the immune system and normally help to fight infection. However, in LCH, an overactive immune response leads to the excessive buildup of these cells, forming granulomas that can damage organs and impair their function.

The exact cause of LCH is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. The disorder can affect people of any age, although it is most commonly diagnosed in children under the age of 15.

LCH can affect a single organ or multiple organs, depending on the severity and extent of the disease. Commonly affected sites include the bones, skin, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, and pituitary gland. Symptoms vary widely depending on the location and severity of the disease, but may include bone pain, rashes, fatigue, fever, weight loss, cough, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment for LCH depends on the extent and severity of the disease. In mild cases, observation and monitoring may be sufficient. More severe cases may require chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery to remove affected tissues. In some cases, immunosuppressive drugs or targeted therapies that target specific genetic mutations may be used.

Overall, LCH is a complex and poorly understood disorder that requires careful evaluation and management by a team of medical specialists. While the prognosis for patients with LCH has improved in recent years, some cases can be life-threatening or lead to long-term complications.

Histiocytosis is a term used to describe a group of rare disorders characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of histiocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection and helps in healing processes. These disorders can affect various organs and tissues in the body, leading to different symptoms and severity.

There are several types of histiocytosis, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Each type has its own specific features and diagnostic criteria.

For example, LCH is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of Langerhans cells, a type of histiocyte found in the skin and mucous membranes. These cells can form tumors or lesions in various organs, such as the bones, lungs, liver, and skin.

HLH, on the other hand, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is an overactive immune response leading to excessive activation of histiocytes and other immune cells. This can result in fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and decreased blood cell counts.

The exact cause of histiocytosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes. Treatment for histiocytosis depends on the type and severity of the disorder and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, or stem cell transplantation.

Sinus histiocytosis is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of histiocytes (a type of immune cell) in the sinuses. It is also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease when it occurs as a systemic disorder. In sinus histiocytosis, the histiocytes accumulate in the mucous membranes lining the sinuses, leading to their enlargement and possible obstruction. Symptoms may include nasal congestion, drainage, and pain. The exact cause of sinus histiocytosis is unknown, but it is not contagious or cancerous. Treatment typically involves monitoring and, in some cases, surgery to relieve symptoms caused by blockages.

Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that originates from histiocytes, which are cells that are part of the immune system and found in various tissues throughout the body. These cells normally function to help fight infection and remove foreign substances. In histiocytic sarcoma, there is an abnormal accumulation and proliferation of these cells, leading to the formation of tumors.

Histiocytic sarcoma can affect people of any age but is more commonly found in adults, with a slight male predominance. It can occur in various parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, skin, soft tissues, and internal organs like the spleen, liver, and lungs. The exact cause of histiocytic sarcoma remains unknown, but it is not considered to be hereditary.

The symptoms of histiocytic sarcoma depend on the location and extent of the tumor(s). Common signs include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and pain or discomfort in the affected area. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging studies (like CT scans, PET scans, or MRI), biopsies, and laboratory tests to confirm the presence of histiocytic sarcoma and assess its extent.

Treatment for histiocytic sarcoma usually involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, such as the location and stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences. Clinical trials may also be an option for some patients, allowing them to access new and experimental therapies.

Prognosis for histiocytic sarcoma is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 15-30%. However, outcomes can vary significantly depending on individual factors, such as the patient's age, the extent of the disease at diagnosis, and the effectiveness of treatment. Continued research is necessary to improve our understanding of this rare cancer and develop more effective therapies for those affected.

Histiocytes are a type of immune cell that are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They originate from monocytes, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Histiocytes play an important role in the immune system by engulfing and destroying foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as removing dead cells and other debris from the body. They can be found in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

Histiocytes include several different types of cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells. These cells have different functions but all play a role in the immune response. For example, macrophages are involved in inflammation and tissue repair, while dendritic cells are important for presenting antigens to T cells and initiating an immune response.

Abnormal accumulations or dysfunction of histiocytes can lead to various diseases, such as histiocytosis, which is a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes in various tissues.

Lymphatic diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the lymphatic system, which is an important part of the immune and circulatory systems. The lymphatic system consists of a network of vessels, organs, and tissues that help to transport lymph fluid throughout the body, fight infection, and remove waste products.

Lymphatic diseases can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Some common types of lymphatic diseases include:

1. Lymphedema: A condition that causes swelling in the arms or legs due to a blockage or damage in the lymphatic vessels.
2. Lymphoma: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
3. Infections: Certain bacterial and viral infections can affect the lymphatic system, such as tuberculosis, cat-scratch disease, and HIV/AIDS.
4. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma can cause inflammation and damage to the lymphatic system.
5. Congenital abnormalities: Some people are born with abnormalities in their lymphatic system, such as malformations or missing lymph nodes.

Symptoms of lymphatic diseases may vary depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of a lymphatic disease, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes.

Non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (NLCH) is a group of rare disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes, which are immune cells that normally function to help fight infection. Unlike Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), where the histiocytes involved are positive for the marker CD1a and the protein S-100, in NLCH, the histiocytes involved do not express these markers.

NLCH includes several distinct clinicopathological entities, such as juvenile xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester disease, and Rosai-Dorfman disease. These conditions can affect various organs of the body, including the skin, bones, lungs, central nervous system, and others. The clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment options vary depending on the specific type of NLCH and the extent of organ involvement.

It is important to note that while some cases of NLCH may be self-limited or respond well to treatment, others can be aggressive and potentially life-threatening. Therefore, prompt and accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare, progressive histiocytic disorder, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells called histiocytes in various parts of the body. These histiocytes are derived from myeloid precursors and infiltrate different organs and tissues, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and subsequent damage.

The clinical presentation of ECD is heterogeneous, with symptoms depending on the affected organs. Commonly involved sites include bones (particularly long bones), central nervous system, heart, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Symptoms may range from bone pain, fatigue, and weight loss to neurological manifestations, cardiac dysfunction, respiratory distress, and renal impairment.

Diagnosis of ECD typically involves a combination of imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or PET scans), biopsy with histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the presence of characteristic histiocytic infiltrates. Genetic testing may also be performed to identify potential genetic mutations associated with ECD.

Treatment options for ECD depend on the extent and severity of organ involvement. Current therapeutic approaches include:

1. Targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib or vemurafenib, which have shown efficacy in reducing histiocytic infiltration and improving symptoms.
2. Chemotherapy using agents like cladribine or cyclophosphamide, which can help control the disease's progression.
3. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids or interferon-alpha to manage inflammation and immune response.
4. Radiation therapy for localized bone lesions or symptomatic relief.
5. Supportive care to address specific organ dysfunction, such as heart failure management or respiratory support.

Due to the rarity of ECD, treatment decisions are often made in consultation with multidisciplinary teams experienced in managing histiocytic disorders. Clinical trials evaluating novel therapeutic strategies are also essential for advancing our understanding and improving outcomes for patients with ECD.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a term used in pathology to describe a specific type of inflammatory lesion that is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, and the formation of granulomas. A granuloma is a small nodular structure formed by the accumulation of immune cells, typically including macrophages, lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells.

Eosinophilic granulomas can occur in various organs of the body, but they are most commonly found in the lungs, skin, and bones. In the lungs, eosinophilic granulomas are often associated with hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled antigens, such as dust mites or fungal spores. They can also be seen in association with certain diseases, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, an uncommon disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of immune cell called Langerhans cells.

The symptoms of eosinophilic granuloma depend on the location and extent of the lesion. In the lungs, eosinophilic granulomas may cause cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath. In the skin, they may present as nodules, plaques, or ulcers. In the bones, they can cause pain, swelling, and fractures.

The diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma is typically made based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. Treatment may include avoidance of known antigens, corticosteroids, or other immunosuppressive medications, depending on the severity and location of the lesion.

Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal histiocytes (a type of white blood cell) in various organs and tissues of the body. The histiocytes have a distinctive appearance, with small vacuoles or "blebs" that give them a foamy or bubbly appearance under the microscope, leading to the name "Sea-Blue."

The syndrome is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is often associated with neurological symptoms such as ataxia (loss of coordination), seizures, and developmental delay. Other features may include anemia, splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), and bone changes leading to fractures.

Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome is caused by mutations in the SPTPS gene, which provides instructions for making a protein involved in the production of lysosomes, structures inside cells that help break down waste products. The genetic defect leads to an accumulation of lipids and other substances within the histiocytes, causing their characteristic appearance.

Treatment for Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome is generally supportive and aimed at managing symptoms as they arise. This may include physical therapy, medications to control seizures or neurological symptoms, and orthopedic interventions for bone fractures. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered as a treatment option.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare, benign type of histiocytic tumor that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. It is characterized by the proliferation of lipid-laden macrophages called xanthoma cells, along with Touton giant cells and other inflammatory cells. JXG usually appears as a single or multiple, firm, yellowish to reddish-brown papules or nodules on the skin. While most cases of JXG are self-limited and resolve without treatment, some may involve extracutaneous sites such as the eyes, mouth, bones, and internal organs, which can lead to complications. The exact cause of JXG remains unknown, but it is not considered a hereditary condition.

Orbital diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the orbit, which is the bony cavity in the skull that contains the eye, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as eyelid swelling, protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, pain, and limited extraocular muscle movement.

Orbital diseases can be broadly classified into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic (benign or malignant), vascular, traumatic, and congenital categories. Some examples of orbital diseases include:

* Orbital cellulitis: a bacterial or fungal infection that causes swelling and inflammation in the orbit
* Graves' disease: an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and can cause protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos)
* Orbital tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the orbit, such as optic nerve gliomas, lacrimal gland tumors, and lymphomas
* Carotid-cavernous fistulas: abnormal connections between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus, leading to pulsatile proptosis and other symptoms
* Orbital fractures: breaks in the bones surrounding the orbit, often caused by trauma
* Congenital anomalies: structural abnormalities present at birth, such as craniofacial syndromes or dermoid cysts.

Proper diagnosis and management of orbital diseases require a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, radiologists, and other specialists.

Bone diseases is a broad term that refers to various medical conditions that affect the bones. These conditions can be categorized into several groups, including:

1. Developmental and congenital bone diseases: These are conditions that affect bone growth and development before or at birth. Examples include osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease), achondroplasia (dwarfism), and cleidocranial dysostosis.
2. Metabolic bone diseases: These are conditions that affect the body's ability to maintain healthy bones. They are often caused by hormonal imbalances, vitamin deficiencies, or problems with mineral metabolism. Examples include osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and Paget's disease of bone.
3. Inflammatory bone diseases: These are conditions that cause inflammation in the bones. They can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other medical conditions. Examples include osteomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
4. Degenerative bone diseases: These are conditions that cause the bones to break down over time. They can be caused by aging, injury, or disease. Examples include osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).
5. Tumors and cancers of the bone: These are conditions that involve abnormal growths in the bones. They can be benign or malignant. Examples include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma.
6. Fractures and injuries: While not strictly a "disease," fractures and injuries are common conditions that affect the bones. They can result from trauma, overuse, or weakened bones. Examples include stress fractures, compound fractures, and dislocations.

Overall, bone diseases can cause a wide range of symptoms, including pain, stiffness, deformity, and decreased mobility. Treatment for these conditions varies depending on the specific diagnosis but may include medication, surgery, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes.

Langerhans cells are specialized dendritic cells that are found in the epithelium, including the skin (where they are named after Paul Langerhans who first described them in 1868) and mucous membranes. They play a crucial role in the immune system as antigen-presenting cells, contributing to the initiation of immune responses.

These cells contain Birbeck granules, unique organelles that are involved in the transportation of antigens from the cell surface to the lysosomes for processing and presentation to T-cells. Langerhans cells also produce cytokines, which help regulate immune responses and attract other immune cells to the site of infection or injury.

It is important to note that although Langerhans cells are a part of the immune system, they can sometimes contribute to the development of certain skin disorders, such as allergic contact dermatitis and some forms of cancer, like Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Diabetes Insipidus is a medical condition characterized by the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia). It is caused by a deficiency in the hormone vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH), which regulates the body's water balance.

In normal physiology, vasopressin is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to an increase in osmolality of the blood or a decrease in blood volume. This causes the kidneys to retain water and concentrate the urine. In Diabetes Insipidus, there is either a lack of vasopressin production (central diabetes insipidus) or a decreased response to vasopressin by the kidneys (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).

Central Diabetes Insipidus can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, such as from tumors, trauma, or surgery. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus can be caused by genetic factors, kidney disease, or certain medications that interfere with the action of vasopressin on the kidneys.

Treatment for Diabetes Insipidus depends on the underlying cause. In central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, can be administered to replace the missing hormone. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, treatment may involve addressing the underlying kidney disease or adjusting medications that interfere with vasopressin action. It is important for individuals with Diabetes Insipidus to maintain adequate hydration and monitor their fluid intake and urine output.

Vulvar diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the vulva, which is the external female genital area including the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, and the vaginal opening. These conditions can cause various symptoms such as itching, burning, pain, soreness, irritation, or abnormal growths or lesions. Some common vulvar diseases include:

1. Vulvitis: inflammation of the vulva that can be caused by infection, allergies, or irritants.
2. Lichen sclerosus: a chronic skin condition that causes thin, white patches on the vulva.
3. Lichen planus: an inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the vulva.
4. Vulvar cancer: a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the vulva.
5. Genital warts: caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, these are small growths or bumps on the vulva.
6. Pudendal neuralgia: a nerve condition that causes pain in the vulvar area.
7. Vestibulodynia: pain or discomfort in the vestibule, the area surrounding the vaginal opening.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing any symptoms related to vulvar diseases for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Malignant histiocytic disorders are a group of rare and aggressive cancers that affect the mononuclear phagocyte system, which includes histiocytes or cells that originate from bone marrow precursors called monoblasts. These disorders are characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant histiocytes, leading to tissue invasion and damage.

There are several types of malignant histiocytic disorders, including:

1. Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AML-M5): This is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that affects the monocyte cell lineage and can involve the skin, lymph nodes, and other organs.
2. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH): Although primarily considered a benign histiocytic disorder, some cases of LCH can progress to a malignant form with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
3. Malignant Histiocytosis (MH): This is a rare and aggressive disorder characterized by the infiltration of malignant histiocytes into various organs, including the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
4. Histiocytic Sarcoma (HS): This is a highly aggressive cancer that arises from malignant histiocytes and can affect various organs, such as the skin, lymph nodes, and soft tissues.

Symptoms of malignant histiocytic disorders depend on the type and extent of organ involvement but may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and enlarged lymph nodes or organs. Treatment typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for malignant histiocytic disorders is generally poor, with a high risk of relapse and a low overall survival rate.

CD1 antigens are a group of molecules found on the surface of certain immune cells, including dendritic cells and B cells. They play a role in the immune system by presenting lipid antigens to T cells, which helps initiate an immune response against foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses. CD1 molecules are distinct from other antigen-presenting molecules like HLA because they present lipids rather than peptides. There are five different types of CD1 molecules (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e) that differ in their tissue distribution and the types of lipid antigens they present.

Mucinoses are a group of cutaneous disorders characterized by the abnormal deposit of mucin in the dermis. Mucin is a complex sugar-protein substance that provides cushioning and lubrication to various tissues in the body. In mucinoses, an excess of mucin accumulates in the skin, leading to various clinical manifestations such as papules, nodules, plaques, or generalized swelling.

Mucinoses can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary mucinoses are caused by genetic mutations that affect the production or degradation of mucin, while secondary mucinoses occur as a result of other underlying medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, infections, or neoplasms.

Examples of primary mucinoses include:

* Lichen myxedematosus (also known as papular mucinosis): characterized by multiple, firm, flesh-colored to yellowish papules and nodules, usually on the trunk and proximal extremities.
* Follicular mucinosis: a condition that affects hair follicles and is characterized by the accumulation of mucin in the follicular epithelium, leading to hair loss, itching, and inflammation.
* Scleromyxedema: a rare systemic disorder characterized by generalized thickening and hardening of the skin due to excessive deposition of mucin and collagen fibers.

Examples of secondary mucinoses include:

* Lupus erythematosus: an autoimmune disorder that can affect various organs, including the skin, and is characterized by the accumulation of mucin in the dermis.
* Dermatomyositis: another autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and muscles, and can also cause mucin deposition in the dermis.
* Rosai-Dorfman disease: a rare histiocytic disorder characterized by the accumulation of large, foamy histiocytes that contain mucin in the lymph nodes and other organs, including the skin.

The diagnosis of mucinoses is usually based on clinical examination, skin biopsy, and laboratory tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include topical or systemic medications, phototherapy, or surgical intervention.

Hypothalamic diseases refer to conditions that affect the hypothalamus, a small but crucial region of the brain responsible for regulating many vital functions in the body. The hypothalamus helps control:

1. Body temperature
2. Hunger and thirst
3. Sleep cycles
4. Emotions and behavior
5. Release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Hypothalamic diseases can be caused by genetic factors, infections, tumors, trauma, or other conditions that damage the hypothalamus. Some examples of hypothalamic diseases include:

1. Hypothalamic dysfunction syndrome: A condition characterized by various symptoms such as obesity, sleep disturbances, and hormonal imbalances due to hypothalamic damage.
2. Kallmann syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the development of the hypothalamus and results in a lack of sexual maturation and a decreased sense of smell.
3. Prader-Willi syndrome: A genetic disorder that causes obesity, developmental delays, and hormonal imbalances due to hypothalamic dysfunction.
4. Craniopharyngiomas: Tumors that develop near the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, often causing visual impairment, hormonal imbalances, and growth problems.
5. Infiltrative diseases: Conditions such as sarcoidosis or histiocytosis can infiltrate the hypothalamus, leading to various symptoms related to hormonal imbalances and neurological dysfunction.
6. Traumatic brain injury: Damage to the hypothalamus due to head trauma can result in various hormonal and neurological issues.
7. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections that affect the hypothalamus, such as encephalitis or meningitis, can cause damage and lead to hypothalamic dysfunction.

Treatment for hypothalamic diseases depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, surgery, hormone replacement therapy, or other interventions to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

A lethal midline granuloma (LMG) is a rare and aggressive form of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation that typically involves the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, and/or the central nervous system. It is called "lethal" because of its rapid progression and high mortality rate if left untreated.

LMG is a type of granuloma, which is a collection of immune cells that form in response to chronic inflammation or infection. In LMG, the granulomas are characterized by extensive necrosis (tissue death) and vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels).

The exact cause of LMG is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with a variety of factors, including infections (such as fungal or mycobacterial infections), autoimmune disorders, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgical debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and immunosuppressive drugs. Despite treatment, the prognosis for LMG is generally poor, with a high rate of recurrence and significant morbidity and mortality.

Exophthalmos is a medical condition that refers to the abnormal protrusion or bulging of one or both eyes beyond the normal orbit (eye socket). This condition is also known as proptosis. Exophthalmos can be caused by various factors, including thyroid eye disease (Graves' ophthalmopathy), tumors, inflammation, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. It can lead to various symptoms such as double vision, eye discomfort, redness, and difficulty closing the eyes. Treatment of exophthalmos depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or radiation therapy.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Spontaneous remission in a medical context refers to the disappearance or significant improvement of symptoms of a disease or condition without any specific treatment being administered. In other words, it's a situation where the disease resolves on its own, without any apparent cause. While spontaneous remission can occur in various conditions, it is relatively rare and not well understood. It's important to note that just because a remission occurs without treatment doesn't mean that medical care should be avoided, as many conditions can worsen or lead to complications if left untreated.

Nucleoside transport proteins (NTTs) are membrane-bound proteins responsible for the facilitated diffusion of nucleosides and related deoxynucleosides across the cell membrane. These proteins play a crucial role in the uptake of nucleosides, which serve as precursors for DNA and RNA synthesis, as well as for the salvage of nucleotides in the cell.

There are two main types of NTTs: concentrative (or sodium-dependent) nucleoside transporters (CNTs) and equilibrative (or sodium-independent) nucleoside transporters (ENTs). CNTs mainly facilitate the uptake of nucleosides against a concentration gradient, using the energy derived from the sodium ion gradient. In contrast, ENTs mediate bidirectional transport, allowing for the equalization of intracellular and extracellular nucleoside concentrations.

Nucleoside transport proteins have been identified in various organisms, including humans, and are involved in numerous physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of NTTs has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including cancer and viral infections, making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope for the presence of disease. This can help doctors diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as cancer, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location and nature of the suspected condition. Some common types of biopsies include:

1. Incisional biopsy: In this procedure, a surgeon removes a piece of tissue from an abnormal area using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. This type of biopsy is often used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely during the initial biopsy.

2. Excisional biopsy: An excisional biopsy involves removing the entire abnormal area, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This technique is typically employed for smaller lesions or when cancer is suspected.

3. Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from the body. There are two main types of needle biopsies: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA extracts loose cells, while a core needle biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.

4. Punch biopsy: In a punch biopsy, a round, sharp tool is used to remove a small cylindrical sample of skin tissue. This type of biopsy is often used for evaluating rashes or other skin abnormalities.

5. Shave biopsy: During a shave biopsy, a thin slice of tissue is removed from the surface of the skin using a sharp razor-like instrument. This technique is typically used for superficial lesions or growths on the skin.

After the biopsy sample has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and provide a diagnosis based on their findings. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition.

Polydipsia is a medical term that describes excessive thirst or an abnormally increased desire to drink fluids. It is often associated with conditions that cause increased fluid loss, such as diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus, as well as certain psychiatric disorders that can lead to excessive water intake. Polydipsia should not be confused with simple dehydration, where the body's overall water content is reduced due to inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss. Instead, polydipsia refers to a persistent and strong drive to drink fluids, even when the body is adequately hydrated. Prolonged polydipsia can lead to complications such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood) and may indicate an underlying medical issue that requires further evaluation and treatment.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Lung diseases refer to a broad category of disorders that affect the lungs and other structures within the respiratory system. These diseases can impair lung function, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and wheezing. They can be categorized into several types based on the underlying cause and nature of the disease process. Some common examples include:

1. Obstructive lung diseases: These are characterized by narrowing or blockage of the airways, making it difficult to breathe out. Examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis, and cystic fibrosis.
2. Restrictive lung diseases: These involve stiffening or scarring of the lungs, which reduces their ability to expand and take in air. Examples include idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and asbestosis.
3. Infectious lung diseases: These are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that infect the lungs. Examples include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and influenza.
4. Vascular lung diseases: These affect the blood vessels in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange. Examples include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).
5. Neoplastic lung diseases: These involve abnormal growth of cells within the lungs, leading to cancer. Examples include small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
6. Other lung diseases: These include interstitial lung diseases, pleural effusions, and rare disorders such as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).

It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and there are many other conditions that can affect the lungs. Proper diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases require consultation with a healthcare professional, such as a pulmonologist or respiratory therapist.

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that are part of the immune system. They are found throughout the body, especially in the neck, armpits, groin, and abdomen. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, which carries waste and unwanted substances such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. They contain white blood cells called lymphocytes that help fight infections and diseases by attacking and destroying the harmful substances found in the lymph fluid. When an infection or disease is present, lymph nodes may swell due to the increased number of immune cells and fluid accumulation as they work to fight off the invaders.

Mastoiditis is a medical condition characterized by an infection and inflammation of the mastoid process, which is the bony prominence located behind the ear. The mastoid process contains air cells that are connected to the middle ear, and an infection in the middle ear (otitis media) can spread to the mastoid process, resulting in mastoiditis.

The symptoms of mastoiditis may include:

* Pain and tenderness behind the ear
* Swelling or redness of the skin behind the ear
* Ear drainage or discharge
* Fever and headache
* Hearing loss or difficulty hearing

Mastoiditis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, as well as possible surgical intervention if the infection does not respond to medication or if it has caused significant damage to the mastoid process. If left untreated, mastoiditis can lead to complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, or even death.

Scleral diseases refer to conditions that affect the sclera, which is the tough, white outer coating of the eye. The sclera helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides protection for the internal structures. Scleral diseases can cause inflammation, degeneration, or thinning of the sclera, leading to potential vision loss or other complications. Some examples of scleral diseases include:

1. Scleritis: an inflammatory condition that causes pain, redness, and sensitivity in the affected area of the sclera. It can be associated with autoimmune disorders, infections, or trauma.
2. Episcleritis: a less severe form of inflammation that affects only the episclera, a thin layer of tissue overlying the sclera. Symptoms include redness and mild discomfort but typically no pain.
3. Pinguecula: a yellowish, raised deposit of protein and fat that forms on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the sclera. While not a disease itself, a pinguecula can cause irritation or discomfort and may progress to a more severe condition called a pterygium.
4. Pterygium: a fleshy growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, potentially obstructing vision. It is often associated with prolonged sun exposure and can be removed surgically if it becomes problematic.
5. Scleral thinning or melting: a rare but serious condition where the sclera degenerates or liquefies, leading to potential perforation of the eye. This can occur due to autoimmune disorders, infections, or as a complication of certain surgical procedures.
6. Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS): a condition caused by the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, which can lead to scarring and vision loss if it involves the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist or eye care professional if you experience any symptoms related to scleral diseases to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

S100 proteins are a family of calcium-binding proteins that are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation, intracellular signaling, and inflammation. They are found in high concentrations in certain types of cells, such as nerve cells (neurons), glial cells (supporting cells in the nervous system), and skin cells (keratinocytes).

The S100 protein family consists of more than 20 members, which are divided into several subfamilies based on their structural similarities. Some of the well-known members of this family include S100A1, S100B, S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9).

Abnormal expression or regulation of S100 proteins has been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. For example, increased levels of S100B have been found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, while overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 has been associated with the development and progression of certain types of cancer.

Therefore, understanding the functions and regulation of S100 proteins is important for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Vinblastine is an alkaloid derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) and is primarily used in cancer chemotherapy. It is classified as a vinca alkaloid, along with vincristine, vinorelbine, and others.

Medically, vinblastine is an antimicrotubule agent that binds to tubulin, a protein involved in the formation of microtubules during cell division. By binding to tubulin, vinblastine prevents the assembly of microtubules, which are essential for mitosis (cell division). This leads to the inhibition of cell division and ultimately results in the death of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.

Vinblastine is used to treat various types of cancers, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, and others. It is often administered intravenously in a healthcare setting and may be given as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen with other anticancer drugs.

As with any medication, vinblastine can have side effects, including bone marrow suppression (leading to an increased risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding), neurotoxicity (resulting in peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and jaw pain), nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and mouth sores. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is necessary during vinblastine treatment to manage side effects and ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder is not listed as a separate disorder in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental conditions. However, it was previously included in earlier editions as a subtype of Amnestic Disorder due to the effects of substance use or exposure to toxins.

Alcohol Amnestic Disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment that is directly caused by alcohol consumption. This disorder can result in anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories after drinking, and/or retrograde amnesia, which involves forgetting previously learned information or personal experiences.

The diagnosis of Alcohol Amnestic Disorder typically requires a comprehensive medical and neuropsychological evaluation to determine the extent and nature of memory impairment, as well as to rule out other potential causes for cognitive decline. Treatment usually involves a combination of abstinence from alcohol, pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial interventions to address substance use disorder and any co-occurring mental health conditions.

Penile diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the penis, including infections, inflammatory conditions, and structural abnormalities. Some common penile diseases include:

1. Balanitis: an infection or inflammation of the foreskin and/or head of the penis.
2. Balanoposthitis: an infection or inflammation of both the foreskin and the head of the penis.
3. Phimosis: a condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis.
4. Paraphimosis: a medical emergency in which the foreskin becomes trapped behind the head of the penis and cannot be returned to its normal position.
5. Peyronie's disease: a condition characterized by the development of scar tissue inside the penis, leading to curvature during erections.
6. Erectile dysfunction: the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
7. Penile cancer: a rare form of cancer that affects the skin and tissues of the penis.

These conditions can have various causes, including bacterial or fungal infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), skin conditions, trauma, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment for penile diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity, but may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

The parietal bone is one of the four flat bones that form the skull's cranial vault, which protects the brain. There are two parietal bones in the skull, one on each side, located posterior to the frontal bone and temporal bone, and anterior to the occipital bone. Each parietal bone has a squamous part, which forms the roof and sides of the skull, and a smaller, wing-like portion called the mastoid process. The parietal bones contribute to the formation of the coronal and lambdoid sutures, which are fibrous joints that connect the bones in the skull.

A forehead, in medical terms, refers to the portion of the human skull that lies immediately above the eyes and serves as an attachment site for the frontal bone. It is a common area for the examination of various clinical signs, such as assessing the level of consciousness (by checking if the patient's eyebrows or eyelids twitch in response to a light touch) or looking for signs of increased intracranial pressure (such as bulging fontanelles in infants). Additionally, the forehead is often used as a site for non-invasive procedures like Botox injections.

Intestinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissues of the intestines, which can be benign or malignant. These growths are called neoplasms and they result from uncontrolled cell division. In the case of intestinal neoplasms, these growths occur in the small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, or appendix.

Benign intestinal neoplasms are not cancerous and often do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to obstruct the intestines or cause bleeding. Common types of benign intestinal neoplasms include polyps, leiomyomas, and lipomas.

Malignant intestinal neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant intestinal neoplasm is adenocarcinoma, which arises from the glandular cells lining the inside of the intestines. Other types of malignant intestinal neoplasms include lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinoid tumors.

Symptoms of intestinal neoplasms can vary depending on their size, location, and type. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fatigue. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

The sphenoid sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the sphenoid bone, which is one of the bones that make up the skull base. These sinuses are located deep inside the skull, behind the eyes and nasal cavity. They are paired and separated by a thin bony septum, and each one opens into the corresponding nasal cavity through a small opening called the sphenoethmoidal recess. The sphenoid sinuses vary greatly in size and shape between individuals. They develop during childhood and continue to grow until early adulthood. The function of the sphenoid sinuses, like other paranasal sinuses, is not entirely clear, but they may contribute to reducing the weight of the skull, resonating voice during speech, and insulating the brain from trauma.

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

Hypoaldosteronism is a medical condition characterized by decreased levels or impaired function of the hormone aldosterone, which is produced by the adrenal gland. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating electrolyte and fluid balance in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys.

Hypoaldosteronism can lead to low blood pressure, muscle weakness, and an imbalance of electrolytes, particularly low serum sodium levels and high serum potassium levels. This condition can be caused by various factors, including damage to the adrenal gland, impaired production or function of aldosterone, or decreased responsiveness of the kidneys to aldosterone.

Hypoaldosteronism can be primary or secondary. Primary hypoaldosteronism is caused by a problem with the adrenal glands themselves, such as damage to the gland or a genetic disorder that affects aldosterone production. Secondary hypoaldosteronism is caused by a problem outside of the adrenal glands, such as decreased production of renin (an enzyme produced by the kidneys) or certain medications that interfere with aldosterone production or function.

Treatment for hypoaldosteronism depends on the underlying cause and may include medication to replace missing aldosterone or correct electrolyte imbalances, as well as addressing any underlying conditions contributing to the development of the condition.

Cladribine is a medication used in the treatment of certain types of cancer and multiple sclerosis. It is a type of drug called a purine nucleoside analog, which means it interferes with the production of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells. This can help to stop the growth and multiplication of abnormal cells in the body.

In cancer treatment, cladribine is used to treat hairy cell leukemia and certain types of lymphoma. In multiple sclerosis, it is used to reduce the frequency of relapses and slow down the progression of disability. Cladribine works by selectively targeting and depleting certain white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are thought to play a role in the immune response that damages the nervous system in multiple sclerosis.

Cladribine is usually given as an injection into a vein or under the skin, and it may be given on its own or in combination with other medications. Common side effects of cladribine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. It can also lower the body's ability to fight infections, so patients may need to take precautions to avoid infection while receiving treatment. Cladribine should be used with caution in people with a history of certain medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease, and it should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Pneumothorax is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, which is the potential space between the lungs and the chest wall. This collection of air can result in a partial or complete collapse of the lung. The symptoms of pneumothorax may include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and rapid heartbeat.

The two main types of pneumothorax are spontaneous pneumothorax, which occurs without any apparent cause or underlying lung disease, and secondary pneumothorax, which is caused by an underlying lung condition such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or lung cancer.

Treatment for pneumothorax may include observation, oxygen therapy, needle aspiration, or chest tube insertion to remove the excess air from the pleural space and allow the lung to re-expand. In severe cases, surgery may be required to prevent recurrence.

Lymphadenitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of one or more lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the body's immune system. Lymph nodes contain white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help fight infection and disease.

Lymphadenitis can occur as a result of an infection in the area near the affected lymph node or as a result of a systemic infection that has spread through the bloodstream. The inflammation causes the lymph node to become swollen, tender, and sometimes painful to the touch.

The symptoms of lymphadenitis may include fever, fatigue, and redness or warmth in the area around the affected lymph node. In some cases, the overlying skin may also appear red and inflamed. Lymphadenitis can occur in any part of the body where there are lymph nodes, including the neck, armpits, groin, and abdomen.

The underlying cause of lymphadenitis must be diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent complications such as the spread of infection or the formation of an abscess. Treatment may include antibiotics, pain relievers, and warm compresses to help reduce swelling and discomfort.

Spinal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the spinal column, which is made up of vertebrae (bones), intervertebral discs, facet joints, nerves, ligaments, and muscles. These diseases can cause pain, discomfort, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or even paralysis, depending on the severity and location of the condition. Here are some examples of spinal diseases:

1. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the intervertebral discs lose their elasticity and height, leading to stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
2. Herniated disc: This occurs when the inner material of the intervertebral disc bulges or herniates out through a tear in the outer layer, causing pressure on the spinal nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.
3. Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramen (the openings where the spinal nerves exit the spinal column), which can cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and result in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
4. Scoliosis: This is a curvature of the spine that can occur in children or adults, leading to an abnormal posture, back pain, and decreased lung function.
5. Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that affects the facet joints in the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility.
6. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and fusion of the vertebrae.
7. Spinal tumors: These are abnormal growths that can occur in the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, causing pain, neurological symptoms, or even paralysis.
8. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can affect the spine, leading to pain, fever, and other systemic symptoms.
9. Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or sprains of the spine can occur due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries, causing pain, neurological deficits, or even paralysis.

Benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is a common benign tumor of the skin and superficial soft tissues. It primarily affects middle-aged adults and is more prevalent in men than women. The exact cause of BFH is unknown, but it's thought to arise from dermal fibroblasts or histiocytes.

Medical Definition: Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (BFH) is a benign, slowly growing, solitary cutaneous or subcutaneous nodular tumor predominantly composed of a mixture of fibroblastic and histiocytic-like cells. The tumor typically presents as a well-circumscribed, firm, dome-shaped papule or nodule, ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Histologically, BFH is characterized by the proliferation of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and histiocytes arranged in a storiform pattern, along with variable amounts of collagen deposition, multinucleated giant cells, and hemosiderin deposits. The lesion usually has a pushing border with no invasion into the surrounding tissues. BFH generally follows a benign clinical course, with local recurrence being uncommon following complete surgical excision.

Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which is a type of corticosteroid hormone. It is primarily used to reduce inflammation in various conditions such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Prednisone works by mimicking the effects of natural hormones produced by the adrenal glands, suppressing the immune system's response and reducing the release of substances that cause inflammation.

It is available in oral tablet form and is typically prescribed to be taken at specific times during the day, depending on the condition being treated. Common side effects of prednisone include increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes, insomnia, and easy bruising. Long-term use or high doses can lead to more serious side effects such as osteoporosis, diabetes, cataracts, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Healthcare providers closely monitor patients taking prednisone for extended periods to minimize the risk of adverse effects. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage regimen and not discontinue the medication abruptly without medical supervision, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms or a rebound of the underlying condition.

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the production of large amounts of dilute urine (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia) due to deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, which is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus can occur when there is damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, leading to a decrease in ADH production or release. Causes of neurogenic diabetes insipidus include brain tumors, head trauma, surgery, meningitis, encephalitis, and autoimmune disorders.

In this condition, the kidneys are unable to reabsorb water from the urine due to the lack of ADH, resulting in the production of large volumes of dilute urine. This can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications if not properly managed. Treatment typically involves replacing the missing ADH with a synthetic hormone called desmopressin, which can be administered as a nasal spray, oral tablet, or injection.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

... (and malignant histiocytosis) are both important in veterinary as well as human pathology. Histiocytosis is a ... According to the Histiocytosis Association, 1 in 200,000 children in the United States are born with histiocytosis each year. ... "Histiocytosis". eMedicine Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2016-10-09. Disease information at the Histiocytosis ... 714-724 X-type histiocytoses Non-X histiocytoses Lymphohistiocytosis is a similar immune system disease characterized by the ...
Cutaneous histiocytosis (CH) Systemic histiocytosis (SH) Reactive diseases of macrophages Hemophagocytic syndrome - a condition ... Malignant histiocytosis is a rare hereditary disease found in the Bernese Mountain Dog and humans, characterized by histiocytic ... E Cadieu, B Hedan, G Parker H, Gr Rutteman, A Baffoe-Bonnie, et al.. Genetics of Malignant Histiocytosis in the Bernese ... ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. "Malignant histiocytoses , DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Ginhoux F, Tacke F, Angeli V, Bogunovic M, Loubeau M ...
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis Sea-blue histiocytosis Erdheim-Chester disease X-type histiocytosis Histiocytosis James, ... Non-X histiocytoses are a clinically well-defined group of cutaneous syndromes characterized by infiltrates of monocytes/ ... Benign cephalic histiocytosis Generalized eruptive histiocytoma Xanthoma disseminatum Progressive nodular histiocytosis Papular ... macrophages, as opposed to X-type histiocytoses in which the infiltrates contain Langerhans cells.: 714 Conditions included in ...
720-4 Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis Non-X histiocytosis Histiocytosis James, ... X-type histiocytoses are a clinically well-defined group of cutaneous syndromes characterized by infiltrates of Langerhans ... cells, as opposed to Non-X histiocytosis in which the infiltrates contain monocytes/macrophages.: 720 Conditions included in ... Histiocytosis, All stub articles, Cutaneous condition stubs). ...
... is also seen in lipid disorders. Non-X histiocytosis James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006 ... Sea-blue histiocytosis is a cutaneous condition that may occur as a familial inherited syndrome or as an acquired secondary or ... Candoni A, Grimaz S, Doretto P, Fanin R, Falcomer F, Bembi B (October 2001). "Sea-blue histiocytosis secondary to Niemann-Pick ... Suzuki O, Abe M (April 2007). "Secondary sea-blue histiocytosis derived from Niemann-Pick disease". J Clin Exp Hematop. 47 (1 ...
... is a cutaneous condition clinically characterized by the development of two types of skin ... lesions: superficial papules and deeper larger subcutaneous nodules.: 718 Non-X histiocytosis James, William D.; Berger, ...
Cell Histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X) -- A Clonal Proliferative Disease". New England Journal of Medicine. 331 (3): 154-160. doi ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis is occasionally misspelled as "Langerhan" or "Langerhan's" cell histiocytosis, even in ... Histiocytosis". Retrieved 2007-05-10. "Histiocytosis Association of Canada". Archived from the original on 2007-05-14. ... "Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version". Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment (PDQ®). ...
... is a form of histiocytosis which mostly occurs in people with monoclonal gammopathies. ... Histiocytosis is an excessive number of histiocytes (an immune cell type which is part of the mononuclear phagocyte system). In ... Crystal-storing histiocytosis is a rare disorder, with less than 100 cases found in the scientific literature. The median age ... Crystal-storing histiocytosis patients may also have proteinuria or progressive chronic kidney disease. In crystal-storing ...
... is a cutaneous condition felt to be caused by dermal precursors of Langerhans cells.: 720 Non- ... X histiocytosis List of cutaneous conditions RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Indeterminate cell histiocytosis". ...
... not to be confused with "Neonatal cephalic pustulosis" is a rare skin condition affecting boys ... 717 Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis Non-X histiocytosis List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; ...
... refers to a family of histiocytosis characterized by the absence of Langerhans cells. Many ... The spectrum of non-langerhans cell histiocytoses include: Benign cephalic histiocytosis Generalized eruptive histiocytoma ... "Non-Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis". NIH. The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). Retrieved 19 March 2019. ... Weitzman S, Jaffe R (September 2005). "Uncommon histiocytic disorders: the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses". Pediatr Blood ...
... is a very rare, benign, non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. An autosomal dominant ... Non-X histiocytosis James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. ... Schlegel, C; Metzler, G; Burgdorf, W; Schaller, M (2010). "Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis: First report in a ... "Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis". Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie. 127 (4): 400-4. PMID 10844262. ...
Before the Histiocyte Society classified histiocytoses in the 1980s, the condition was also known as "Histiocytosis X", where " ... "Langerhans cell histiocytosis , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih. ... "Langerhans' cell histiocytosis". www.gosh.nhs.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2020. Cavka, Mislav; Petaros, Anja; Ivanac, Gordana; ... It is now known as chronic multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a subtype of LCH. The disease is rare. Most present ...
"Erdheim-Chester Disease". Histiocytosis Association. Retrieved 2017-12-21. Lutz SZ, Schmalzing M, Vogel-Claussen J, Adam P, May ... ECD families and patients are also supported by the Histiocytosis Association, Inc. In the TV show House, season 2 episode 17 ... Janku F, Amin HM, Yang D, Garrido-Laguna I, Trent JC, Kurzrock R (November 2010). "Response of histiocytoses to imatinib ... Histologically, ECD differs from Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in a number of ways. Unlike LCH, ECD does not stain ...
Cline MJ (November 1994). "Histiocytes and histiocytosis". Blood. 84 (9): 2840-53. doi:10.1182/blood.V84.9.2840.2840. PMID ...
In general, the cause of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis is unknown. Regardless of the subtype of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, ... The electron microscopic findings confirm the grouping of these three diseases together as "histiocytosis X".[citation needed] ... Lipton, J. M.; Levy, C. F. (December 2021). "Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - Hematology and Oncology". Merck Manuals ... is one of the four recognized clinical syndromes of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is the most severe form, involving ...
Histiocytosis Cline, Mj (1 November 1994). "Histiocytes and histiocytosis". Blood. 84 (9): 2840-2853. doi:10.1182/blood.V84.9. ... Histiocytoses describe neoplasias wherein the proliferative cell is the histiocyte. The most common histiocyte disorders are ... The Langerhans cell histiocytosis embeds this interpretation into its name. Histiocytes have common histological and ... Cline MJ (November 1994). "Histiocytes and histiocytosis". Blood. 84 (9): 2840-53. doi:10.1182/blood.V84.9.2840.2840. PMID ...
... non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses (class II), and malignant histiocytosis (class III). They provided the criteria to ... Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis". In Stephen M. Ansell (ed.). Rare Hematological Malignancies. Springer Science & Business Media ... The Histiocyte Society is an international network of people that co-ordinate studies of the histiocytoses, which it has ... ISBN 978-0-387-73743-0. Satter, Elizabeth K.; High, Whitney A. (May 2008). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a review of the ...
ISBN 0-7216-6795-3. Moore, Peter (2010). "Canine and feline histiocytosis". www.histiocytosis.ucdavis.edu. School of Veterinary ... Cutaneous histiocytosis (CH) 2.b. Systemic histiocytosis (SH) 3. Histiocytic sarcoma complex (immunohistochemical features of ... Cutaneous histiocytosis (CH) is a histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily involves skin and subcutis and does not ... Systemic Histiocytosis (SH) was originally recognized in closely related Bernese Mountain Dogs. SH is a generalized histiocytic ...
Lymph node: Enlargement of the lymph nodes in 50% of Histiocytosis cases. It was first described by Ken Hashimoto and M. S. ... Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis is a condition that is a self-limited form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.: 720 ... List of cutaneous conditions X-type histiocytosis Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology ... ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. "Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - Patient UK". Retrieved 2007-05-10. John Thorne Crissey; Lawrence C. ...
Bone marrow biopsy shows histiocytosis. Primary HLH, also known as familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) or ...
Rosai, J.; Dorfman, RF (1969). "Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. A newly recognized benign clinicopathological ... including the seminal descriptions of entities such as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease ...
"Malignant histiocytosis of the intestine". Human Pathology. 9 (6): 661-677. doi:10.1016/S0046-8177(78)80049-5. PMID 730148. ...
Examples include Langerhans cell histiocytosis.: 35 Bruxism, which is an abnormal repetitive movement disorder characterised by ...
717 It is a histiocytosis syndrome. Non-X histiocytosis List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; ...
Reticulohistiocytosis Non-X histiocytosis James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: ...
"Malignant lymphoma and erythrophagocytosis simulating malignant histiocytosis". Am. J. Med. 75 (5): 741-9. doi:10.1016/0002- ...
Hemorrhagic diathesis associated with benign histiocytic cytophagic panniculitis and systemic histiocytosis. Arch Intern Med. ... lymphoproliferative disease such as lymphoma or histiocytosis; pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer; sarcoidosis with cutaneous ...
Tran, Gary; Huynh, Thy N.; Paller, Amy S. (March 2018). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A neoplastic disorder driven by Ras-ERK ... Kumar, Neeta; Sayed, Shahin; Vinayak, Sudhir (2011-01-20). "Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on fine needle ... Kobayashi, Masayuki; Tojo, Arinobu (December 2018). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults: Advances in pathophysiology and ... "Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults is associated with a high prevalence of hematologic and solid malignancies". Cancer ...
June 2015). "MAP2K1 and MAP3K1 mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis". Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 54 (6): 361-368. doi: ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and 46,XY disorders of sex development. E6201 is an enzyme inhibitor of MAP3K1 that shows cross- ...
Histiocytosis (and malignant histiocytosis) are both important in veterinary as well as human pathology. Histiocytosis is a ... According to the Histiocytosis Association, 1 in 200,000 children in the United States are born with histiocytosis each year. ... "Histiocytosis". eMedicine Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2016-10-09. Disease information at the Histiocytosis ... 714-724 X-type histiocytoses Non-X histiocytoses Lymphohistiocytosis is a similar immune system disease characterized by the ...
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder in which excess immune system cells called Langerhans cells build up in the body. ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder in which excess immune system cells called Langerhans cells build up in the body. ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis is often diagnosed in childhood, usually between ages 2 and 3, but can appear at any age. Most ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis is usually not inherited and typically occurs in people with no history of the disorder in their ...
Cincinnati Childrens has started treating histiocytosis patients with oral medicines that block BRAF and MEK gene mutations. ... One of the trials we are pursuing will evaluate a new, MEK gene inhibitor as treatment for all patients with histiocytosis as ... Based on these findings, Cincinnati Childrens has started treating histiocytosis patients with oral medicines that block these ... Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have the BRAF-V600E mutation. ...
The histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers ... Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)--a clonal proliferative disease. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jul 21. 331(3):154-60. [ ... Management of histiocytosis. Decisions regarding treatment for histiocytosis depend on the type, site, and extent of the ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X): immunophenotype and growth fraction. Hum Pathol. 1993 Aug. 24(8):840-5. [QxMD ...
This report describes the histopathologic results of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the vulva and options for treatment. We ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the vulva: two case reports J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2004 Apr;8(2):147-9. doi: 10.1097/00128360- ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the female genital tract is rare. The disease cannot be diagnosed without biopsy of cutaneous ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the vulva is a rare disorder with few options for treatment. ...
p>The Dana-Farber/Boston Childrens Histiocytosis Program provides expert treatment for newly diagnosed or recurrent ... histiocytosis, which is a cancer-like condition. Learn more. ... Our approach to histiocytosis. We treat our patients in ... Our doctors provide unparalleled expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of the major types of histiocytosis - Langerhans cell ... Learn more about the Histiocytosis Program on the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute website. ...
Phone: +1 856-589-6606 , Fax: +1 856-589- ...
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X): immunophenotype and growth fraction. Hage C, Willman CL, Favara BE, Isaacson ... INDETERMINATE CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS. Indeterminate cell histiocytosis: fact or fiction?. Ratzinger G, Burgdorf WH, Metze D, Zelger ... Successful treatment of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) with etoposide.. Yu LC, Shenoy S, Ward K, ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) of bone. A clinicopathologic analysis of 263 pediatric and adult cases. ...
Discover a rare case of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the spine causing spinal cord compression. Learn about the ... Adult Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Rare Etiology of Spinal Cord Compression () Fadila Kouhen1*, Naoual Benhmiddou1, ... Lin, M.W., Chang, Y.L., Lee, Y.C., Cheng, H.L., Chen, J.S. and Hsu, H.H. (2009) Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Lung, ... 2008) Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Dorsal Spine. A Rare Etiology of Spinal Cord Compression. La Revue de Médecine ...
Histiocytosis occurs when an excessive amount of white blood cells build up in bodily tissues. Find out why this immune ... Because histiocytosis often behaves similarly to cancer, it is usually classified and treated as such.. Histiocytosis can be ... Histiocytosis. Histiocytosis is an umbrella term that refers to a relatively uncommon group of syndromes associated with the ... How Is Histiocytosis Diagnosed?. The diagnostic process for histiocytosis typically begins with a physical examination, blood ...
Histiocytoses. Authoritative facts about the skin from DermNet New Zealand. ... Class I: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Class II: non Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Class IIa: dermal dendritic histiocytosis, ... What is a histiocytosis?. A histiocytosis is a disease in which there are too many histiocyte cells in the skin and other ... Class III: malignant histiocytosis. It may be possible to tell which type of histiocytosis is present by the appearance of the ...
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Langerhans cell histiocytosis CT All Images. X-rays. Echo & Ultrasound. CT Images. MRI ... CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Findings on CT scan suggestive of Langerhans cell ... Head CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.[1][2] ... Findings on head CT scan suggestive of Langerhans cell histiocytosis include:[3][4] ...
I always find it difficult to speak with pediatricians about diaper rashes. Pediatricians look after many more children with rashes in the diaper area than I do--and all have their own secret ways to treat these children.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with ... Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)--a clonal proliferative disease. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jul 21. 331(3):154-60. [ ... The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes ... encoded search term (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis) and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis What to Read Next on Medscape ...
The identification of SLC29A3 mutations as the molecular basis for a familial form of syndromic histiocytosis (FHC/RDD) ... confirms a direct link between Faisalabad histiocytosis and Rosai-Dorfman disease and links these disorders to other SLC29A3- ... Author Summary The histiocytoses are a group of systemic disorders usually confined to childhood and are caused by an excessive ...
C96.6 - Unifocal Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. The above description is abbreviated. This code description may also have ...
Malignant histiocytosis is a rare invasive proliferation of neoplastic histiocytes. Cases previously reported as malignant ... Malignant histiocytosis: a case report of a rare tumour presenting with spontaneous splenic rupture ... Malignant histiocytosis: a case report of a rare tumour presenting with spontaneous splenic rupture ... A case of malignant histiocytosis is described, in which a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of pneumonia suddenly ...
Langerhans cell histiocytosis reveals a new IL-17A-dependent pathway of dendritic cell fusion. In: Nature Medicine. 2008 ; Vol ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis reveals a new IL-17A-dependent pathway of dendritic cell fusion. Nature Medicine. 2008;14(1):81- ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis reveals a new IL-17A-dependent pathway of dendritic cell fusion. / Coury, Fabienne; Annels, ... title = "Langerhans cell histiocytosis reveals a new IL-17A-dependent pathway of dendritic cell fusion", ...
Cite this article as: Ismayilov R, Aliyev A, Aliyev A, Hasanov I. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Thyroid Gland in a Child: A ... Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of Thyroid Gland in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review. ...
The Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Patients ... The Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. Patients ... Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the oral cavity of patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. ...
Category: Macrophage/Histiocytic and dendritic cell Neoplasms and disorders (2015) > L group > Langerhans cell histiocytosis ( ...
Langerhans-cell histiocytosis insight into DC biology. / Laman, Jon; Leenen, Pieter; Annels, NE et al. In: Trends in ... Langerhans-cell histiocytosis insight into DC biology. In: Trends in Immunology. 2003 ; Vol. 24, No. 4. pp. 190-196. ... Langerhans-cell histiocytosis insight into DC biology. Trends in Immunology. 2003;24(4):190-196. doi: 10.1016/S1471-4906(03) ... title = "Langerhans-cell histiocytosis insight into DC biology",. author = "Jon Laman and Pieter Leenen and NE Annels and PCW ...
Get your cause-related items now for the focus on Histiocytosis Awareness happening during September. Click on the link below ... Histiocytosis Awareness Month. Plan ahead! Get your cause-related items now for the focus on Histiocytosis Awareness happening ...
The histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers ... Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)--a clonal proliferative disease. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jul 21. 331(3):154-60. [ ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X): immunophenotype and growth fraction. Hum Pathol. 1993 Aug. 24(8):840-5. [QxMD ... Histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). Prognostic role of histopathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1983 Feb. 107(2):59- ...
Never miss any news published in our website. Subscribe to our newsletter now.. Email address: ...
Category: Macrophage/Histiocytic and dendritic cell Neoplasms and disorders (2015) > L group > Langerhans cell histiocytosis ( ...
Study Name: A Study of Memory, Thinking, and Brain Imaging in Adults With Histiocytosis. Condition: Histiocytosis. Date: 2017- ... Histiocytosis, Sinus - 2 Studies Found. Status. Study Recruiting. ...
Congenital Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis. A female infant delivered at term by cesarean section had a "blueberry muffin" rash ... findings that confirmed a diagnosis of skin-limited congenital Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. Because of the lack of ...
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder in which excess immune system cells called Langerhans cells build up in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In Langerhans cell histiocytosis, excess immature Langerhans cells usually form tumors called granulomas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many researchers now consider Langerhans cell histiocytosis to be a form of cancer, but this classification remains controversial. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other signs and symptoms that may occur in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, depending on which organs and tissues have Langerhans cell deposits, include swollen lymph nodes, abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), delayed puberty, protruding eyes, dizziness, irritability, and seizures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis is often diagnosed in childhood, usually between ages 2 and 3, but can appear at any age. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The severity of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and its signs and symptoms, vary widely among affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Older names that were sometimes used for forms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis include eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and Letterer-Siwe disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In many people with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, the disorder eventually goes away with appropriate treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic mutations in the BRAF gene have been identified in the Langerhans cells of about half of individuals with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Approximately 50% to 60% of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have the BRAF -V600E mutation. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PLCH) is a relatively uncommon lung disease that generally, but not invariably, occurs in cigarette smokers. (nih.gov)
  • [ 2 ] For example, the entity now referred to as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was initially divided into eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, depending on the sites and severity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] This designation was changed to Langerhans cell histiocytosis based on the suggestion by Nezelof that the Langerhans cell represented the primary cell involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] Although several histiocytic disorders are briefly discussed in this article (see History ), the primary focus is on Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) can be localized and manifest as pain or may even be asymptomatic, as is the case in isolated bone lesions. (medscape.com)
  • This report describes the histopathologic results of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the vulva and options for treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the female genital tract is rare. (nih.gov)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the vulva is a rare disorder with few options for treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Our doctors provide unparalleled expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of the major types of histiocytosis - Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) - and treat rare, related disorders, such as juvenile xanthogranuloma and Rosai-Dorfman disease. (childrenshospital.org)
  • What Is Childhood Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis? (dana-farber.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder that occurs when a child has too many of a certain type of cell called Langerhans cells. (dana-farber.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis may occur at any age, but is most common in young children under 10. (dana-farber.org)
  • How is Langerhans cell histiocytosis diagnosed? (dana-farber.org)
  • What are Langerhans cell histiocytosis treatment options? (dana-farber.org)
  • Broadly speaking, they can be divided into Langerhans and non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytoses are all defined by the presence of a unique ultrastructural organelle, the Birbeck granule. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Currently, the preferred term is Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting in the neonatal period: a retrospective case series. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphologic characteristics of skin lesions, extent of extracutaneous disease, and outcomes in patients with neonatal presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to examine clinical predictors of disease prognosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Epidemiologic study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: The etiology and pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remain poorly understood. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • The most common type is Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which occurs when the body accumulates too many immature Langerhans cells. (tgh.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of langerhans cells seen in children and young adults. (scirp.org)
  • We report a rare case of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the dorsal spine causing a spinal cord compression associated with a pulmonary process treated by surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy with good evolution. (scirp.org)
  • Final diagnosis was therefore Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the dorsal spine complicated by spinal cord compression. (scirp.org)
  • A chest CT scan revealed a tumoral process measuring 25 mm at the lower lobe of the left lung evoking a Langerhans cell histiocytosis ( Figure 3 ). (scirp.org)
  • CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Findings on CT scan suggestive of Langerhans cell histiocytosis include multiple osteolytic lesions causing full thickness bone destruction. (wikidoc.org)
  • 2013). "Skeletal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis" . (wikidoc.org)
  • Class IIa dermal dendritic cell histiocytosis is a reactive increase in the number of non-Langerhans' cell histiocytes. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, histiocytic diseases have been reclassified into five groups: (1) Langerhans-related, (2) cutaneous and mucocutaneous, (3) malignant histiocytosis, (4) Rosai-Dorfman disease, and (5) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, lacking an animal model, that cumulates symptoms that are found separately in various IL-17A-related diseases, such as aggressive chronic granuloma formation, bone resorption and soft tissue lesions with occasional neurodegeneration(11,12). (dtu.dk)
  • Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the oral cavity of patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. (authorea.com)
  • The Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. (authorea.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining of the specimen was positive for S100+ CD1a+ and negative for CD43 and myeloperoxidase, findings that confirmed a diagnosis of skin-limited congenital Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. (medizzy.com)
  • C group: Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (skin). (petmoo.com)
  • L group: Erdheim-Chester Disease, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, etc. (petmoo.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that involves the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells in the skin. (osmosis.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis: skeletal sites commonly involved, age and incidence ratio F:M. The femoral region has been circled, showing the object of our case [1]. (pacs.de)
  • Symptoms of Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis vary depending on the part of the body affected and the severity of the disease. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Langerhans' cell histiocytosis can cause symptoms in the skin, bones, lungs, and other parts of the body. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • The symptoms of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis include pain, swelling, and brown or red skin sores. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is a rare disease . (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Children with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis have a high risk of developing cancer. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Single-system Langerhans' cell histiocytosis responds well to chemotherapy. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Multisystem Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, however, is fatal in severe cases. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • The treatment for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis will depend on the organs affected. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Having a diagnosis of Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis can be a scary time for a family. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • A diagnosis of Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis is dependent on a number of factors. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • A diagnosis of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis should be made only after the patient has undergone a biopsy . (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Another way to diagnose Langerhans cell histiocytosis is by examining the lymph nodes. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • The best way to treat Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is to have the disease treated by experts who understand the disease. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Approximately one out of every 200,000 children develops Langerhans cell histiocytosis every year. (homeremedylifestyle.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that tends to affect children and adolescents. (wikidoc.org)
  • The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is approximately 0.5 per 100,000 individuals in the United States. (wikidoc.org)
  • Males are more commonly affected with Langerhans cell histiocytosis than females. (wikidoc.org)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis usually affects Caucasian and Hispanic individuals. (wikidoc.org)
  • African American individuals are less likely to develop Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is usually first diagnosed among adults. (wikidoc.org)
  • Unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis and multifocal unisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis are usually first diagnosed among individuals of 2-10 years of age. (wikidoc.org)
  • Multifocal multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis is usually first diagnosed among individuals younger than 2 years of age. (wikidoc.org)
  • 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. (wikidoc.org)
  • 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (wikidoc.org)
  • 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (wikidoc.org)
  • Some researchers believe that langerhans cell histiocytosis in children is a malignant disease, while others consider this form of histiocytosis as a non-tumor process. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Localized histiocytosis is known as eosinophilic granuloma, as well as Langerhans cell granuloma. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • To date, it has been proven that the proliferation process (neoplasm of cells and intracellular structures - mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, etc.) of Langerhans cells with histiocytosis X is characterized by a monoclonal (belonging to the same cell clone) character. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Histiocytosis X was renamed Langerhans-cell histiocytosis , reflecting the concept that LCH cells represented dysfunctional epidermal Langerhans cells. (capsulehealth.one)
  • Available at: http://www.cancernetwork.com/oncology-journal/langerhans-cell-histiocytosis-emerging-insights-and-clinical-implications [Accessed 1 Jul. (capsulehealth.one)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferation of dendritic mononuclear cells with infiltration into organs locally or diffusely. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is proliferation of monoclonal Langerhans cells in lung interstitium and airspaces. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a dendritic cell (antigen-presenting cell) disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Symptoms and signs of Langerhans cell histiocytosis vary considerably depending on which organs are infiltrated. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells with uncertain aetiology, wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and varied behaviour. (amedi.sk)
  • Effectiveness of cladribine therapy in patients with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (unil.ch)
  • Single-system pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis with only tracheobronchial involvement: a case report. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) only with airway involvement manifested as diffuse thickening of the tracheobronchial walls is rare. (bvsalud.org)
  • Histiocytosis (and malignant histiocytosis) are both important in veterinary as well as human pathology. (wikipedia.org)
  • The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant histiocytosis is a rare invasive proliferation of neoplastic histiocytes. (bmj.com)
  • Cases previously reported as malignant histiocytosis were shown to be lymphomas of T or B lineage, especially anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. (bmj.com)
  • A case of malignant histiocytosis is described, in which a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of pneumonia suddenly deteriorated and died. (bmj.com)
  • This is the second reported case of malignant histiocytosis presenting with spontaneous splenic rupture. (bmj.com)
  • M group: Includes Malignant Histiocytosis. (petmoo.com)
  • Malignant histiocytic diseases include malignant histiocytosis (now it is called localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma) and cutaneous histiocytoma, which is a benign histiocytic tumor. (petmoo.com)
  • Treatment protocol for malignant histiocytosis is directed towards controlling the local tumor and tackling the concern for metastasis. (petmoo.com)
  • Malignant histiocytosis cannot be completely cured even with medical management. (petmoo.com)
  • Malignant Histiocytosis is a potentially life-threatening disease in dogs but the mortality rate of dogs is not documented. (petmoo.com)
  • Malignant histiocytosis prognosis for recovery is poor. (petmoo.com)
  • With malignant histiocytosis, a high mortality rate. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • There are many different types of histiocytosis. (petmoo.com)
  • Cutaneous histiocytoses are classified according to the type of histiocyte within the skin. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Nonmalignant Nonneoplastic - Reactive (cutaneous or systemic) histiocytosis. (petmoo.com)
  • A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that histiocytosis and lymphadenopathy with or without cutaneous, cardiac, and/or endocrine features, joint contractures, and/or deafness (histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome) is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC29A3 gene (612373) on chromosome 10q22. (findzebra.com)
  • Histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse proliferative disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
  • It is impossible to avoid skin lesions with a generalized form of histiocytosis X. Most often the skin is affected in children. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Two decades later, with the advent of electron microscopy, Nezelof and colleagues identified a unique intracellular organelle, the Birbeck granule , in histiocytosis X lesions. (capsulehealth.one)
  • The North American Consortium for Histiocytosis (NACHO) is a group of institutions that collaborate on scientific and clinical research for histiocytic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • NACHO - North American Consortium for Histiocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • What Are the Symptoms of Histiocytosis? (tgh.org)
  • According to the Histiocytosis Association, 1 in 200,000 children in the United States are born with histiocytosis each year. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Blue Ribbon Lapel Pin has been used to promote public awareness of Hystiocytosis or Histiocytosis which affects approximatley 1 � 200,000 children from ages 0 - 15. (pinscentral.ca)
  • The histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome comprises features of 4 histiocytic disorders previously thought to be distinct: Faisalabad histiocytosis (FHC), sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), H syndrome, and pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus syndrome (PHID). (findzebra.com)
  • 2005) reported 3 Turkish brothers with sinus histiocytosis and massive lymphadenopathy (SHML). (findzebra.com)
  • Occasionally and confusingly, the term histiocytosis is sometimes used to refer to individual diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Later, these were found to be manifestations of a single entity and were unified under the term histiocytosis X. (medscape.com)
  • Each category of histiocytosis can be traced to reactive or neoplastic proliferation in one of these cell lineages. (medscape.com)
  • What is the Histiocyte Society classification of histiocytosis syndromes? (wikipedia.org)
  • The clinical manifestations of histiocytosis depend on the organs and systems involved, as well as their level of involvement. (medscape.com)
  • A histiocytosis is a disease in which there are too many histiocyte cells in the skin and other organs. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Histiocytosis is an umbrella term for an emerging spectrum of "syndromes" or disorders that involve abnormal proliferation of specialized white blood cells (histiocytes). (petmoo.com)
  • In medicine, histiocytosis is an excessive number of histiocytes (tissue macrophages), and the term is also often used to refer to a group of rare diseases which share this sign as a characteristic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histiocytosis is an umbrella term that refers to a relatively uncommon group of syndromes associated with the overproduction of certain infection-fighting white blood cells known as histiocytes. (tgh.org)
  • In general, Histiocytosis refers to an abnormally large amount of histiocytes. (petmoo.com)
  • Skeletal survey is useful in children Ultrasound of liver and spleen Blood tests: measure cell counts and inflammation Breathing tests Tissue biopsy and molecular testing to detect mutations There are competing systems for classifying histiocytoses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histiocytosis in children is a group of diseases that are quite rare in medical practice, proceed in different ways, but are combined by proliferative processes in the monocytic-macrophage system. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Based on these findings, Cincinnati Children's has started treating histiocytosis patients with oral medicines that block these gene mutations. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • Cincinnati Children's researchers use genomic profiling of biopsies from treatment-resistant histiocytoses to identify drugs to successfully treat patients. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The histological (associated with the microscopic structure of tissues) manifestations of various clinical variants of histiocytosis in their course do not have particularly significant differences. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Learn more about the Histiocytosis Program on the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute website. (childrenshospital.org)
  • The diagnostic process for histiocytosis typically begins with a physical examination, blood work and imaging studies. (tgh.org)
  • HAA also states that most of the people diagnosed with histiocytosis are children under the age of 10, although the disease can afflict adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histiocytosis is a rare disease, thus its diagnosis may be challenging. (wikipedia.org)
  • 714-724 X-type histiocytoses Non-X histiocytoses Lymphohistiocytosis is a similar immune system disease characterized by the inappropriate activation of natural killer cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, and macrophages, involving principally the liver, spleen and central nervous system and associated with severe lymphoid atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hand - Schuller - Christian disease is a variant of histiocytosis that is also rare. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • One of the trials we are pursuing will evaluate a new, MEK gene inhibitor as treatment for all patients with histiocytosis as frontline treatment. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
  • The Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center provides expert treatment for newly diagnosed or recurrent histiocytosis, which is a cancer-like condition and may involve treatment with chemotherapy . (childrenshospital.org)
  • What Are the Treatment Options for Histiocytosis? (tgh.org)
  • Some forms of histiocytosis resolve without treatment, but others may have a fatal outcome. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Histiocytosis can be both a systemic neoplasm, and can be expressed in the formation of benign single granulomas. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Get your cause-related items now for the focus on Histiocytosis Awareness happening during September. (supportstore.com)
  • cell histiocytosis in the adult lumbar spine: case report. (pacs.de)
  • It may be possible to tell which type of histiocytosis is present by the appearance of the skin lesion or rash , but a skin biopsy is usually necessary. (dermnetnz.org)
  • By day 28, the lesion in MWCNT-exposed mice progressed to fibrotic granulomas, whereas it remained as alveolar histiocytosis in C60F-exposed mice. (cdc.gov)
  • The modalities used may include: Chemotherapy Cladribine (also known as 2CDA or Leustatin) Etoposide Methotrexate 6-mercaptopurine Vinblastine Surgery Radiation therapy Patients and families can gain support and educational materials from the Histiocytosis Association. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the extent of the condition, histiocytosis may be treated with chemotherapy and/or steroids. (tgh.org)