Kava
Effect of berberine on bone mineral density in SAMP6 as a senile osteoporosis model. (1/16)
The effects of berberine in senescence accelerated mice P6 (SAMP6) were investigated to learn whether the alkaloid affects bone mineral density (BMD). Oral administration of berberine (10 mg/kg/d) to male and female mice for 22 weeks resulted in an increase in BMD in both sexes. A decreased concentration of deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) in urine was only observed in female mice. There was no effect on body or tibia weight or on the concentration of procollagen type I carboxyterminal extension peptide (PICP) in serum. (+info)Human cytochrome p450 inhibition and metabolic-intermediate complex formation by goldenseal extract and its methylenedioxyphenyl components. (2/16)
The concurrent use of herbal medicinals with prescription and over-the-counter drugs carries a risk for unanticipated adverse drug-botanical pharmacokinetic interactions, particularly as a result of cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibition. Extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) containing approximately equal concentrations ( approximately 17 mM) of two methylenedioxyphenyl alkaloids, berberine and hydrastine, inhibited with increasing potency (CYP2C9) diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation, (CYP2D6) bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation, and (CYP3A4) testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation activities in human hepatic microsomes. The inhibition of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation activity was noncompetitive with an apparent Ki of 0.11% extract. Of the methylenedioxyphenyl alkaloids, berberine (IC50 = 45 microM) was the more inhibitory toward bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation and hydrastine (IC50 approximately 350 microM for both isomers), toward diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation. For testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation, berberine was the least inhibitory component (IC50 approximately 400 microM). Hydrastine inhibited testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation with IC50 values for the (+)- and (-)-isomers of 25 and 30 microM, respectively. For (-)-hydrastine, an apparent Ki value of 18 microM without preincubation and an NADPH-dependent mechanism-based inhibition with a kinactivation of 0.23 min(-1) and a KI of approximately 110 microM were determined. Cytochrome P450 metabolic-intermediate (MI) complex formation could be demonstrated for both hydrastine isomers. With expressed P450 isoforms, hydrastine formed a P450 MI complex with CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. Coexpression of cytochrome b5 with the P450 isoforms enhanced the rate but not the extent of P450 MI complex formation. (+info)In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. (3/16)
OBJECTIVES: Phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. Single-time point phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of goldenseal ( Hydrastis canadensis ), black cohosh ( Cimicifuga racemosa ), kava kava ( Piper methysticum ), or valerian ( Valeriana officinalis ) extracts affected CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4/5 activity. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers (6 women) were randomly assigned to receive goldenseal, black cohosh, kava kava, or valerian for 28 days. For each subject, a 30-day washout period was interposed between each supplementation phase. Probe drug cocktails of midazolam and caffeine, followed 24 hours later by chlorzoxazone and debrisoquin (INN, debrisoquine), were administered before (baseline) and at the end of supplementation. Presupplementation and postsupplementation phenotypic trait measurements were determined for CYP3A4/5, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP2D6 by use of 1-hydroxymidazolam/midazolam serum ratios (1-hour sample), paraxanthine/caffeine serum ratios (6-hour sample), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone/chlorzoxazone serum ratios (2-hour sample), and debrisoquin urinary recovery ratios (8-hour collection), respectively. The content of purported "active" phytochemicals was determined for each supplement. RESULTS: Comparisons of presupplementation and postsupplementation phenotypic ratio means revealed significant inhibition (approximately 40%) of CYP2D6 (difference, -0.228; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.268 to -0.188) and CYP3A4/5 (difference, -1.501; 95% CI, -1.840 to -1.163) activity for goldenseal. Kava produced significant reductions (approximately 40%) in CYP2E1 only (difference, -0.192; 95% CI, -0.325 to -0.060). Black cohosh also exhibited statistically significant inhibition of CYP2D6 (difference, -0.046; 95% CI, -0.085 to -0.007), but the magnitude of the effect (approximately 7%) did not appear to be clinically relevant. No significant changes in phenotypic ratios were observed for valerian. CONCLUSIONS: Botanical supplements containing goldenseal strongly inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 activity in vivo, whereas kava inhibited CYP2E1 and black cohosh weakly inhibited CYP2D6. Accordingly, serious adverse interactions may result from the concomitant ingestion of goldenseal supplements and drugs that are CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 substrates. Kava kava and black cohosh may interact with CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 substrates, respectively. Valerian appears to be less likely to produce CYP-mediated herb-drug interactions. (+info)The medicinal plant goldenseal is a natural LDL-lowering agent with multiple bioactive components and new action mechanisms. (4/16)
Our previous studies have identified berberine (BBR), an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb huanglian, as a unique cholesterol-lowering drug that upregulates hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression through a mechanism of mRNA stabilization. Here, we demonstrate that the root extract of goldenseal, a BBR-containing medicinal plant, is highly effective in upregulation of liver LDLR expression in HepG2 cells and in reducing plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in hyperlipidemic hamsters, with greater activities than the pure compound BBR. By conducting bioassay-driven semipurifications, we demonstrate that the higher potency of goldenseal is achieved through concerted actions of multiple bioactive compounds in addition to BBR. We identify canadine (CND) and two other constituents of goldenseal as new upregulators of LDLR expression. We further show that the activity of BBR on LDLR expression is attenuated by multiple drug resistance-1 (MDR1)-mediated efflux from liver cells, whereas CND is resistant to MDR1. This finding defines a molecular mechanism for the higher activity of CND than BBR. We also provide substantial evidence to show that goldenseal contains natural MDR1 antagonist(s) that accentuate the upregulatory effect of BBR on LDLR mRNA expression. These new findings identify goldenseal as a natural LDL-c-lowering agent, and our studies provide a molecular basis for the mechanisms of action. (+info)Effect of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. (5/16)
Phytochemical-mediated modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and other drug transporters may give rise to many herb-drug interactions. Serial plasma concentration-time profiles of the P-gp substrate, digoxin, were used to determine whether supplementation with goldenseal or kava kava modified P-gp activity in vivo. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a standardized goldenseal (3210 mg daily) or kava kava (1227 mg daily) supplement for 14 days, followed by a 30-day washout period. Subjects were also randomized to receive rifampin (600 mg daily, 7 days) and clarithromycin (1000 mg daily, 7 days) as positive controls for P-gp induction and inhibition, respectively. Digoxin (Lanoxin, 0.5 mg) was administered p.o. before and at the end of each supplementation and control period. Serial digoxin plasma concentrations were obtained over 24 h and analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Comparisons of area under the curve (AUC)((0-3)), AUC((0-24)), C(max,) CL/F, and elimination half-life were used to assess the effects of goldenseal, kava kava, rifampin, and clarithromycin on digoxin pharmacokinetics. Rifampin produced significant reductions (p < 0.01) in AUC((0-3)), AUC((0-24)), CL/F, t(1/2), and C(max), whereas clarithromycin increased these parameters significantly (p < 0.01). With the exception of goldenseal's effect on C(max) (14% increase), no statistically significant effects on digoxin pharmacokinetics were observed following supplementation with either goldenseal or kava kava. When compared with rifampin and clarithromycin, supplementation with these specific formulations of goldenseal or kava kava did not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics, suggesting that these supplements are not potent modulators of P-gp in vivo. (+info)Effects of herbal products and their constituents on human cytochrome P450(2E1) activity. (6/16)
Ethanolic extracts from fresh Echinacea purpurea and Spilanthes acmella and dried Hydrastis canadensis were examined with regard to their ability to inhibit cytochrome P450(2E1) mediated oxidation of p-nitrophenol in vitro. In addition, individual constituents of these extracts, including alkylamides from E. purpurea and S. acmella, caffeic acid derivatives from E. purpurea, and several of the major alkaloids from H. canadensis, were tested for inhibition using the same assay. H. canadensis (goldenseal) was a strong inhibitor of the P450(2E1), and the inhibition appeared to be related to the presence of the alkaloids berberine, hydrastine and canadine in the extract. These compounds inhibited 2E1 with K(I) values ranging from 2.8 microM for hydrastine to 18 microM for berberine. The alkylamides present in E. purpurea and S. acmella also showed significant inhibition at concentrations as low as 25 microM, whereas the caffeic acid derivatives had no effect. Commercial green tea preparations, along with four of the individual tea catechins, were also examined and were found to have no effect on the activity of P450(2E1). (+info)Effect of homeopathic medicines on transplanted tumors in mice. (7/16)
Ultra low doses used in homeopathic medicines are reported to have healing potential for various diseases but their action remains controversial. In this study we have investigated the antitumour and antimetastatic activity of selected homeopathic medicines against transplanted tumours in mice. It was found that Ruta graveolens 200c and Hydrastis canadensis 200c significantly increased the lifespan of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma and Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites induced tumour-bearing animals by 49.7%, and 69.4% respectively. Moreover there was 95.6% and 95.8% reduction of solid tumour volume in Ruta 200c and Hydrastis 200c treated animals on the 31st day after tumour inoculation. Hydrastis 1M given orally significantly inhibited the growth of developed solid tumours produced by DLA cells and increased the lifespan of tumour bearing animals. Some 9 out of 15 animals with developed tumors were completely tumour free after treatment with Hydrastis 1M. Significant anti-metastatic activity was also found in B16F-10 melanoma-bearing animals treated with Thuja1M, Hydrastis 1M and Lycopodium1M. This was evident from the inhibition of lung tumour nodule formation, morphological and histopathological analysis of lung and decreased levels of gamma-GT in serum, a cellular marker of proliferation. These findings support that homeopathic preparations of Ruta and Hydrastis have significant antitumour activity. The mechanism of action of these medicines is not known at present. (+info)Clinical assessment of CYP2D6-mediated herb-drug interactions in humans: effects of milk thistle, black cohosh, goldenseal, kava kava, St. John's wort, and Echinacea. (8/16)
(+info)Hydrastis is the genus name for Hydrastis canadensis, also known as goldenseal. It is a perennial herb native to North America, and its roots and rhizomes have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. The active compounds in goldenseal include alkaloids such as hydrastine, berberine, and canadine, which are believed to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.
However, it is important to note that the use of Hydrastis and its preparations as a medicine should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as there may be potential risks and interactions with other medications. Additionally, overharvesting of goldenseal in the wild has led to concerns about its sustainability, so it is recommended to use cultivated sources instead.
"Ruta" is a botanical name for the herb commonly known as Rue. In a medical context, it may refer to the dried leaves of this plant (Ruta graveolens), which have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as treating anxiety, menstrual cramps, and skin conditions. However, it's important to note that the use of Ruta in modern medicine is not well-studied, and its effectiveness for these uses is not established. Additionally, Ruta can have toxic effects and should be used with caution under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Kava, also known as kava-kava, is a plant (Piper methysticum) that is native to the Pacific Islands. The root of the kava plant is used to make a drink that has been traditionally used in cultural and social gatherings for its relaxing effects. It can be consumed in various forms such as tea, capsules, or extracts.
In modern medicine, kava is sometimes used as a dietary supplement for anxiety, insomnia, and stress. However, its use as a medicinal product is controversial due to concerns about potential liver toxicity. The FDA has issued warnings about the risk of severe liver injury associated with kava-containing products. Therefore, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking kava or any other dietary supplement.
Herb-drug interactions (HDIs) refer to the pharmacological or clinical consequences that occur when a patient takes a herbal product concurrently with a prescribed medication. These interactions can result in various outcomes, such as decreased, increased, or altered drug effects due to changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the drug.
Herbs may contain various bioactive compounds that can interact with drugs and affect their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. For example, some herbs may induce or inhibit drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes, leading to altered drug metabolism and potentially increased or decreased drug concentrations in the body.
Similarly, herbs can also affect drug transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, which can further alter drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. Moreover, some herbs may have pharmacodynamic interactions with drugs, leading to additive or synergistic effects, or antagonism of the drug's therapeutic action.
Therefore, healthcare providers should be aware of potential HDIs when prescribing medications to patients who use herbal products and consider monitoring their patients' medication responses closely. Patients should also be advised to inform their healthcare providers about any herbal products they are taking, including dosage and frequency of use.
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Another word for HYDRASTIS > Synonyms &...
Hydrastis Nasal Spray - Alchemy & Elixir Health Group
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Canadensis15
- Does Antimonium Crudum Antidote Hydrastis Canadensis? (abchomeopathy.com)
- Hydrastis canadensis L. (wildflower.org)
- Hydrastis Canadensis is useful in discharges from eyes that burn, tear, and agglutination ad sticky lids. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
- Rawness in the throat felt mostly after coughing is reduced with help of Hydrastis Canadensis. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
- Soothe and regulate with Hydrastis Canadensis, traditionally used for stomach ache, constipation, and post-nasal drip. (urbanfarmcollection.com)
- Made from the roots of the Hydrastis Canadensis plant, this homeopathic remedy is plant based, organic, and side-effect free. (urbanfarmcollection.com)
- Hydrastis Canadensis 30C is a homeopathic dilution of the goldenseal plant that relieves post-nasal drip. (herbsdirect.com)
- Hydrastis canadensis, or golden seal, is a perennial herb from a thick rhizome with yellowish cell sap. (ncsu.edu)
- Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), also called orangeroot or yellow puccoon, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to North America. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrastis canadensis is a herbaceous perennial growing from a horizontal, yellowish rhizome that is thick with knobby knots. (wikipedia.org)
- Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and its active constituents: A critical review of their efficacy and toxicological issues. (bvsalud.org)
- Goldenseal ( Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a medicinal plant widely used in various traditional systems of medicine and as a food supplement . (bvsalud.org)
- 100 Capsules herbal combination of Echinacea Purpurea & Hydrastis canadensis. (martindalesnutrition.com)
- From Hydrastis canadensis , the taxonomic name of goldenseal , and -ine . (yourdictionary.com)
- Goldenseal, an endangered US plant, is related to the buttercup ( Hydrastis canadensis ). (msdmanuals.com)
Goldenseal1
- Wise Woman Herbals Goldenseal Glycerite formerly Hydrastis Glycerite promotes normal healthy immune system function. (supplementfirst.com)
Genus1
- A second species from Japan, previously listed as Hydrastis palmatum, is now usually classified in another genus, as Glaucidium palmatum. (wikipedia.org)
Homeopathic1
- Hydrastis Homeopathic Nasal Spray supports healthy lung and respiratory function. (fullspectrumenergymedicine.com)
Nasal3
- Hydrastis Nasal Spray works by decreasing inflammatory processes in the nose, stimulates secretions, prevents drying out of the nasal mucosa, regenerates the function of the mucous membranes and normalizes nasal breathing. (alchemyelixir.com)
- Hydrastis is indicated in complaints of defective assimilation, nasal catarrh, and slow digestion. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
- For reliable cold and flu prevention, morning and night use of PEPPERMINT OIL and HYDRASTIS NASAL SPRAY No. 21 is recommended (keep spray next to your toothbrush as a reminder). (fullspectrumenergymedicine.com)
Homeopathy1
- Adel Homeopathy Hydrastis. (trend-matters.com)
Remedy2
- The remedy is useful in fissures around the mouth, with a white-coated tongue is useful in complaints relieved with help of Hydrastis. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
- Hydrastis is useful in complaints of constipation, wherein enemas don't act and the remedy helps to excite the rectum so that stool can be passed. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
Nose1
- The air feels cold in the nose, and the membrane is raw and ulcerated, Hydrastis is useful in Coryza with discharge, scanty in the room, and profuse in the open air. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
Yellow1
- Hawking of yellow tenacious mucus is reduced with help of Hydrastis. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
Skin1
- Hydrastis give good results when skin complaints are worsened after going from cold to warm weather. (shreehomoeocenter.com)
Genus1
- A second species from Japan, previously listed as Hydrastis palmatum, is now usually classified in another genus, as Glaucidium palmatum. (wikipedia.org)
Perennial herb1
- Hydrastis is a perennial herb that manages sinus pain & congestion and occasional sleeplessness. (hylands.com)
Rectum1
- Hydrastis is useful in complaints of constipation, wherein enemas dont act and the remedy helps to excite the rectum so that stool can be passed. (yourmedkart.com)
Remedy1
- The remedy is useful in fissures around the mouth, with white coated tongue is useful in complaints relieved with help of Hydrastis. (yourmedkart.com)
Give1
- Hydrastis give good results when skin complaints are worsened after going from cold to warm weather. (yourmedkart.com)