Condition characterized by splenomegaly, some reduction in the number of circulating blood cells in the presence of a normal or hyperactive bone marrow, and the potential for reversal by splenectomy.
Surgical procedure involving either partial or entire removal of the spleen.
Anastomosis of splenic vein to renal vein to relieve portal hypertension.
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.
Enlargement of the spleen.
The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.
General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT.
Vein formed by the union (at the hilus of the spleen) of several small veins from the stomach, pancreas, spleen and mesentery.
'Splenic diseases' refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or integrity of the spleen, leading to various symptoms and potential complications such as anemia, infection, or abdominal pain.
The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.
Surgical venous shunt between the portal and systemic circulation to effect decompression of the portal circulation. It is performed primarily in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension. Types of shunt include portacaval, splenorenal, mesocaval, splenocaval, left gastric-caval (coronary-caval), portarenal, umbilicorenal, and umbilicocaval.
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).
Tumors or cancer of the SPLEEN.
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.
A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Proteins from BACTERIA and FUNGI that are soluble enough to be secreted to target ERYTHROCYTES and insert into the membrane to form beta-barrel pores. Biosynthesis may be regulated by HEMOLYSIN FACTORS.
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Lymphoproliferative syndrome with autoimmunity: A possible genetic basis for dominant expression of the clinical manifestations. (1/65)

Fas (CD95/Apo-1) mutations were previously reported as the genetic defect responsible for human lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with autoimmune manifestations (also known as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome or Canale-Smith syndrome). We have identified 14 new heterozygous Fas mutations. Analysis of patients and families allow us to further dissect this syndrome with regards to the relationship between Fas mutations, inheritance pattern, and phenotype as observed on long-term follow-up. In vitro studies show that lymphocytes from all Fas mutant carriers exhibit a Fas-antibody-induced apoptosis defect. However, among the 8 inherited mutations, 4 of 4 Fas missense mutations were associated with high clinical penetrance, whereas 3 of 4 mutations leading to a truncated Fas product were associated with variable clinical penetrance. This suggests that a second defect, in another yet undefined factor involved in apoptosis and/or lymphoproliferation control, is necessary to induce full clinical expression of the disease. These results also indicate that the currently available antibody-mediated in vitro apoptosis assay does not necessarily reflect the in vivo ability of abnormal Fas molecules to trigger lymphocyte death. In addition, we found that lymphoproliferative manifestations resolved with age, whereas immunological disorders [ie, hypergammaglobulinemia and detection of TcR alphabeta(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) lymphocytes] persisted. This observation suggests that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays a more important role in lymphocyte homeostasis in early childhood than later on in life.  (+info)

Thermophilic multidrug-resistant Campylobacter fetus infection with hypersplenism and histiocytic phagocytosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (2/65)

We present a case report of a patient who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Campylobacter fetus infection with a number of unusual clinical and microbiological features. The patient had prominent gastrointestinal symptoms, splenic infarction, splenomegaly with hypersplenism, and hemophagocytic histiocytosis in the spleen and lymph nodes; the organism displayed growth on Campy-selective blood agar, thermotolerance, and resistance to quinolones, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, and erythromycin.  (+info)

Recurrent portal hypertension after composite liver/small bowel transplantation. (3/65)

Late technical complications of composite liver/small bowel transplantation procedures are often complex and have not been well defined. Here we describe the unusual presentation and management of two cases of recurrent thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism resulting from portacaval shunt stenosis. Both patients presented with portal hypertension late after composite liver/small bowel transplantation. One patient presented with recurrent bouts of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and was ultimately found to have a stenosis of her native portacaval shunt. After unsuccessful balloon dilatation of the anastomosis, a successful side-to-side distal splenorenal shunt was performed. The second patient presented with severe thrombocytopenia, the etiology of which was determined to be a short segment occlusion of the inferior vena cava between the native portacaval shunt and the piggyback outflow anastomosis of the liver graft. Total caval occlusion prevented balloon dilatation; the patient was relisted for transplantation but died of chronic rejection four months later. Recurrent portal hypertension is challenging in patients who have had combined liver/small bowel transplantation. Surgeons performing intestinal transplantation need to be increasingly aware of these possible late complications.  (+info)

Partial splenectomy in cystic fibrosis patients with hypersplenism. (4/65)

We report three cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with hypersplenism who underwent partial splenectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful in two patients; one patient developed a complication necessitating resection of the rest of the spleen. Haematological parameters improved and oesophageal varices regressed in all patients. On follow up, one patient showed a normal spleen, the other a normally functioning accessory spleen; the third patient again developed splenomegaly with hypersplenism. Partial splenectomy is a promising therapeutic option for CF patients with hypersplenism.  (+info)

Experimental study on the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation for secondary splenomagely and hypersplenism. (5/65)

AIM: To assess the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of secondary splenomagely and hypersplenism. METHODS: Sixteen healthy mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups, group I (n=4) and group II (n=12). Congestive splenomegaly was induced by ligation of splenic vein and its collateral branches in both groups. At the end of 3rd week postoperation, RFA in spleen was performed in group II via laparotomy, complications of RFA were observed, CT scan was performed and the spleens were obtained. The radiofrequency (RF) thermal lesions and histopathology of spleen were examined regularly. RESULTS: No complication or death was observed in both groups; CT revealed that the splenomegaly lasted over 2 months after ligation of splenic vein; the segmental RF lesions included hyperintense zone of coagulative necrosis and more extensive peripheral hypointense infarcted zone, the latter was called "bystander effect". The infarcted zone would be absorbed and subsequently disappeared in 4-6 weeks after RFA accompanied with shrinkage of the remnant spleen. The fundamental histopathological changes of splenic lesions caused by RF thermal energy included local coagulative necrosis, peripheral thrombotic infarction zone, subsequent tissue absorption and fibrosis in the zone of thrombotic infarction, the occlusion of vessels in remnant viable spleen, deposition of extensive fibrous protein, and disappearance of congestive splenic sinusoid - "splenic carnification". Those pathologic changes were underline of shrinkage of spleen. CONCLUSION: It is feasible and safe to perform RFA in spleen to treat experimental splenomegaly and hypersplenism. The RFA could be safely performed clinically via laparotomy or laparoscopic procedure while spleen was strictly separated from surrounding organs.  (+info)

Laparoscopic splenectomy: the latest technical evaluation. (6/65)

AIM: To introduce our latest innovation on technical manipulation of laparoscopic splenectomy. METHODS: Under general anesthesia and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum, 86 cases of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) were performed. The patients were placed in three different operative positions: 7 cases in the lithotomic position, 31 cases in the right recumbent position and 48 cases in the right lateral position. An ultrasonic scissors was used to dissect the pancreaticosplenic ligament, the splenocolicum ligament, lienorenal ligament and the lienophrenic ligament, respectively. Lastly, the gastrosplenic ligament and short gastric vessels were dissected. The splenic artery and vein were resected at splenic hilum with Endo-GIA. The impact of different operative positions, spleen size and other events during the operation were studied. RESULTS: The laparoscopic splenectomy was successfully performed on all 86 patients from August 1997 to August 2002. No operative complications, such as peritoneal cavity infection, massive bleeding after operation and adjacent organs injured were observed. There was no death related to the operation. The study showed that different operative positions could significantly influence the manipulation of LS. The right lateral position had more advantages than the lithotomic position and the right recumbent position in LS. CONCLUSION: Most cases of LS could be accomplished successfully when patients are placed in the right lateral position. The right lateral position has more advantages than the conventional supine approach by providing a more direct view of the splenic hilum as well as other important anatomies. Regardless of operation positions, the major axis of spleen exceeding 15 cm by B-ultrasound in vitro will surely increase the difficulties of LS and therefore prolong the duration of operation. LS is a safe and feasible modality for splenectomy.  (+info)

PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUCOENCEPHALOPATHY AND PRIMARY HYPERSPLENISM. WITH A NOTE ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DISEASE OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUCOENCEPHALOPATHY. (7/65)

A patient with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy was found to have primary hypersplenism, a benign disorder of the reticuloendothelial system. He failed to respond to conventional doses of corticosteroids. The clinical and pathological manifestations of his illness are described, and the development of the histopathological changes in the nervous system is discussed. Consideration of available data on progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy reveals a striking association with disease of the reticuloendothelial system, the significance of which is discussed in relation to aetiology and treatment.  (+info)

Percutaneous splenic embolization of the splenic artery in the treatment of hypersplenism. (8/65)

Percutaneous splenectomy was performed in 6 patients with hypersplenism. Peripheral blood cell counts improved in 5 of the patients. The authors review the indications, technique and complications of percutaneous splenic embolization. It is concluded that medical splenectomy is an effective method particularly to alleviate symptoms of hypersplenism.  (+info)

Hypersplenism is a condition characterized by an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) that results in the abnormal removal or destruction of various blood components, such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This leads to peripheral blood cytopenias, which means there is a decrease in one or more types of blood cells in the circulation.

The spleen becomes overactive in hypersplenism, and its increased removal of blood cells can be secondary to various underlying disorders, such as:

1. Infections: e.g., bacterial endocarditis, malaria, or EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) infection
2. Hematologic diseases: e.g., hemolytic anemias, thalassemia, leukemias, lymphomas, or myeloproliferative neoplasms
3. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
4. Vascular disorders: e.g., splenic vein thrombosis or congestive splenomegaly
5. Storage diseases: e.g., Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease, or Hurler syndrome

Symptoms of hypersplenism may include fatigue, weakness, pallor (in case of anemia), infections (due to neutropenia), and easy bruising or bleeding (due to thrombocytopenia). Treatment for hypersplenism involves addressing the underlying cause. In some cases, splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) may be considered if the benefits outweigh the risks.

A splenectomy is a surgical procedure in which the spleen is removed from the body. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, near the stomach and behind the ribs. It plays several important roles in the body, including fighting certain types of infections, removing old or damaged red blood cells from the circulation, and storing platelets and white blood cells.

There are several reasons why a splenectomy may be necessary, including:

* Trauma to the spleen that cannot be repaired
* Certain types of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
* Sickle cell disease, which can cause the spleen to enlarge and become damaged
* A ruptured spleen, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly
* Certain blood disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or hemolytic anemia

A splenectomy is typically performed under general anesthesia and may be done using open surgery or laparoscopically. After the spleen is removed, the incision(s) are closed with sutures or staples. Recovery time varies depending on the individual and the type of surgery performed, but most people are able to return to their normal activities within a few weeks.

It's important to note that following a splenectomy, individuals may be at increased risk for certain types of infections, so it's recommended that they receive vaccinations to help protect against these infections. They should also seek medical attention promptly if they develop fever, chills, or other signs of infection.

A splenorenal shunt is a surgical procedure that creates a connection between the spleen and the left kidney vein (renal vein). This type of shunt is typically performed to reroute the flow of blood from the spleen when there is an obstruction in the portal vein, which carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and spleen. The procedure helps to alleviate portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal vein) and its complications, such as variceal bleeding (bleeding from enlarged veins in the esophagus or stomach).

During a surgical splenorenal shunt procedure, the surgeon will make an incision in the left flank region to access both the spleen and the left renal vein. The splenic vein is then divided, and one end is connected to the left renal vein using a synthetic graft or a portion of the patient's own blood vessel (autograft). This connection allows the blood from the spleen to bypass the obstructed portal vein and flow directly into the systemic venous circulation.

It is important to note that splenorenal shunts have been largely replaced by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) as the first-line treatment for managing portal hypertension due to their lower invasiveness and fewer complications. However, surgical splenorenal shunts may still be considered in specific cases where TIPS is not feasible or has failed.

Portal hypertension is a medical condition characterized by an increased pressure in the portal vein, which is the large blood vessel that carries blood from the intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the liver. Normal portal venous pressure is approximately 5-10 mmHg. Portal hypertension is defined as a portal venous pressure greater than 10 mmHg.

The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis of the liver, which leads to scarring and narrowing of the small blood vessels in the liver, resulting in increased resistance to blood flow. Other causes include blood clots in the portal vein, inflammation of the liver or bile ducts, and invasive tumors that block the flow of blood through the liver.

Portal hypertension can lead to a number of complications, including the development of abnormal blood vessels (varices) in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, which are prone to bleeding. Ascites, or the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is another common complication of portal hypertension. Other potential complications include encephalopathy, which is a condition characterized by confusion, disorientation, and other neurological symptoms, and an increased risk of bacterial infections.

Treatment of portal hypertension depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Medications to reduce pressure in the portal vein, such as beta blockers or nitrates, may be used. Endoscopic procedures to band or inject varices can help prevent bleeding. In severe cases, surgery or liver transplantation may be necessary.

Splenomegaly is a medical term that refers to an enlargement or expansion of the spleen beyond its normal size. The spleen is a vital organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, behind the stomach and below the diaphragm. It plays a crucial role in filtering the blood, fighting infections, and storing red and white blood cells and platelets.

Splenomegaly can occur due to various underlying medical conditions, including infections, liver diseases, blood disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. The enlarged spleen may put pressure on surrounding organs, causing discomfort or pain in the abdomen, and it may also lead to a decrease in red and white blood cells and platelets, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.

The diagnosis of splenomegaly typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or other interventions to manage the underlying condition.

The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk, which arises from the abdominal aorta. It supplies blood to the spleen and several other organs in the upper left part of the abdomen. The splenic artery divides into several branches that ultimately form a network of capillaries within the spleen. These capillaries converge to form the main venous outflow, the splenic vein, which drains into the hepatic portal vein.

The splenic artery is a vital structure in the human body, and any damage or blockage can lead to serious complications, including splenic infarction (reduced blood flow to the spleen) or splenic rupture (a surgical emergency that can be life-threatening).

Histiocytosis is a term used to describe a group of rare disorders characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of histiocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection and helps in healing processes. These disorders can affect various organs and tissues in the body, leading to different symptoms and severity.

There are several types of histiocytosis, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Each type has its own specific features and diagnostic criteria.

For example, LCH is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of Langerhans cells, a type of histiocyte found in the skin and mucous membranes. These cells can form tumors or lesions in various organs, such as the bones, lungs, liver, and skin.

HLH, on the other hand, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is an overactive immune response leading to excessive activation of histiocytes and other immune cells. This can result in fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and decreased blood cell counts.

The exact cause of histiocytosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes. Treatment for histiocytosis depends on the type and severity of the disorder and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, or stem cell transplantation.

The splenic vein is a large, thin-walled vein that carries oxygenated blood from the spleen and pancreas to the liver. It is formed by the union of several smaller veins that drain the upper part of the stomach, the pancreas, and the left side of the colon (splenic flexure). The splenic vein runs along the top border of the pancreas and merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. This venous system allows for the filtration and detoxification of blood by the liver before it is distributed to the rest of the body.

Splenic diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or health of the spleen. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, which plays a vital role in filtering the blood and fighting infections. Some common splenic diseases include:

1. Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen due to various causes such as infections, liver disease, blood disorders, or cancer.
2. Hypersplenism: Overactivity of the spleen leading to excessive removal of blood cells from circulation, causing anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia.
3. Splenic infarction: Partial or complete blockage of the splenic artery or its branches, resulting in tissue death and potential organ dysfunction.
4. Splenic rupture: Traumatic or spontaneous tearing of the spleen capsule, causing internal bleeding and potentially life-threatening conditions.
5. Infections: Bacterial (e.g., sepsis, tuberculosis), viral (e.g., mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus), fungal (e.g., histoplasmosis), or parasitic (e.g., malaria) infections can affect the spleen and cause various symptoms.
6. Hematologic disorders: Conditions such as sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemolytic anemias, lymphomas, leukemias, or myeloproliferative neoplasms can involve the spleen and lead to its enlargement or dysfunction.
7. Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or vasculitis can affect the spleen and cause various symptoms.
8. Cancers: Primary (e.g., splenic tumors) or secondary (e.g., metastatic cancer from other organs) malignancies can involve the spleen and lead to its enlargement, dysfunction, or rupture.
9. Vascular abnormalities: Conditions such as portal hypertension, Budd-Chiari syndrome, or splenic vein thrombosis can affect the spleen and cause various symptoms.
10. Trauma: Accidental or intentional injuries to the spleen can lead to bleeding, infection, or organ dysfunction.

A platelet count is a laboratory test that measures the number of platelets, also known as thrombocytes, in a sample of blood. Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments that circulate in the blood and play a crucial role in blood clotting. They help to stop bleeding by sticking together to form a plug at the site of an injured blood vessel.

A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter (µL) of blood. A lower than normal platelet count is called thrombocytopenia, while a higher than normal platelet count is known as thrombocytosis.

Abnormal platelet counts can be a sign of various medical conditions, including bleeding disorders, infections, certain medications, and some types of cancer. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your platelet count or if you experience symptoms such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding, or excessive menstrual flow.

A portosystemic shunt is a surgical procedure that creates a connection between the portal vein (the blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver) and another systemic vein (a vein that carries blood away from the liver). This procedure is typically performed in animals, particularly dogs, to treat conditions such as portal hypertension or liver disease.

In a surgical portosystemic shunt, the surgeon creates a connection between the portal vein and a systemic vein, allowing blood from the digestive organs to bypass the liver. This can help to reduce the pressure in the portal vein and improve blood flow to the liver. The specific type of shunt created and the surgical approach used may vary depending on the individual patient's needs and the surgeon's preference.

It is important to note that while a surgical portosystemic shunt can be an effective treatment for certain conditions, it is not without risks and potential complications. As with any surgical procedure, there is always a risk of infection, bleeding, or other complications. Additionally, the creation of a portosystemic shunt can have long-term effects on the liver and overall health of the patient. It is important for pet owners to carefully consider the risks and benefits of this procedure and to discuss any questions or concerns they may have with their veterinarian.

Therapeutic embolization is a medical procedure that involves intentionally blocking or obstructing blood vessels to stop excessive bleeding or block the flow of blood to a tumor or abnormal tissue. This is typically accomplished by injecting small particles, such as microspheres or coils, into the targeted blood vessel through a catheter, which is inserted into a larger blood vessel and guided to the desired location using imaging techniques like X-ray or CT scanning. The goal of therapeutic embolization is to reduce the size of a tumor, control bleeding, or block off abnormal blood vessels that are causing problems.

Esophageal varices and gastric varices are abnormal, enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach) and in the stomach lining, respectively. They occur as a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, which is the large blood vessel that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. This condition is known as portal hypertension.

Esophageal varices are more common than gastric varices and tend to be more symptomatic. They can cause bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Gastric varices may also bleed, but they are often asymptomatic until they rupture.

The most common causes of esophageal and gastric varices are cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and portal hypertension due to other liver diseases such as schistosomiasis or Budd-Chiari syndrome. Treatment options for esophageal and gastric varices include medications to reduce bleeding, endoscopic therapies to treat active bleeding or prevent recurrent bleeding, and surgical procedures to relieve portal hypertension.

Splenic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the spleen, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can arise from various cell types present within the spleen, including hematopoietic cells (red and white blood cells, platelets), stromal cells (supporting tissue), or lymphoid cells (part of the immune system).

There are several types of splenic neoplasms:

1. Hematologic malignancies: These are cancers that affect the blood and bone marrow, such as leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. They often involve the spleen, causing enlargement (splenomegaly) and neoplastic infiltration of splenic tissue.
2. Primary splenic tumors: These are rare and include benign lesions like hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, and hamartomas, as well as malignant tumors such as angiosarcoma, littoral cell angiosarcoma, and primary splenic lymphoma.
3. Metastatic splenic tumors: These occur when cancer cells from other primary sites spread (metastasize) to the spleen. Common sources of metastasis include lung, breast, colon, and ovarian cancers, as well as melanomas and sarcomas.

Symptoms of splenic neoplasms may vary depending on the type and extent of the disease but often include abdominal pain or discomfort, fatigue, weight loss, and anemia. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans) and sometimes requires a biopsy for confirmation. Treatment options depend on the type of neoplasm and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Thrombocytopenia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low platelet count (thrombocytes) in the blood. Platelets are small cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting, helping to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged. A healthy adult typically has a platelet count between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. Thrombocytopenia is usually diagnosed when the platelet count falls below 150,000 platelets/µL.

Thrombocytopenia can be classified into three main categories based on its underlying cause:

1. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): An autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own platelets, leading to a decreased platelet count. ITP can be further divided into primary or secondary forms, depending on whether it occurs alone or as a result of another medical condition or medication.
2. Decreased production: Thrombocytopenia can occur when there is insufficient production of platelets in the bone marrow due to various causes, such as viral infections, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, leukemia, aplastic anemia, or vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
3. Increased destruction or consumption: Thrombocytopenia can also result from increased platelet destruction or consumption due to conditions like disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), or severe bacterial infections.

Symptoms of thrombocytopenia may include easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, spontaneous nosebleeds, bleeding gums, blood in urine or stools, and skin rashes like petechiae (small red or purple spots) or purpura (larger patches). The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the degree of thrombocytopenia and the presence of any underlying conditions. Treatment for thrombocytopenia depends on the cause and may include medications, transfusions, or addressing the underlying condition.

The portal vein is the large venous trunk that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver. It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (draining the small intestine and a portion of the large intestine) and the splenic vein (draining the spleen and pancreas). The portal vein then divides into right and left branches within the liver, where the blood flows through the sinusoids and gets enriched with oxygen and nutrients before being drained by the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. This unique arrangement allows the liver to process and detoxify the absorbed nutrients, remove waste products, and regulate metabolic homeostasis.

Hemolysis is the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells, resulting in the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid (plasma). This process can occur due to various reasons such as chemical agents, infections, autoimmune disorders, mechanical trauma, or genetic abnormalities. Hemolysis may lead to anemia and jaundice, among other complications. It is essential to monitor hemolysis levels in patients undergoing medical treatments that might cause this condition.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Hemolysins are a type of protein toxin produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and plants that have the ability to damage and destroy red blood cells (erythrocytes), leading to their lysis or hemolysis. This results in the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding environment. Hemolysins can be classified into two main categories:

1. Exotoxins: These are secreted by bacteria and directly damage host cells. They can be further divided into two types:
* Membrane attack complex/perforin-like proteins (MACPF): These hemolysins create pores in the membrane of red blood cells, disrupting their integrity and causing lysis. Examples include alpha-hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus and streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes.
* Enzymatic hemolysins: These hemolysins are enzymes that degrade specific components of the red blood cell membrane, ultimately leading to lysis. An example is streptolysin S from Streptococcus pyogenes, which is a thiol-activated, oxygen-labile hemolysin.
2. Endotoxins: These are part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and can cause indirect hemolysis by activating the complement system or by stimulating the release of inflammatory mediators from host cells.

Hemolysins play a significant role in bacterial pathogenesis, contributing to tissue damage, impaired immune responses, and disease progression.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.

In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.

Phospholipases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids, which are major components of cell membranes. Phospholipases cleave specific ester bonds in phospholipids, releasing free fatty acids and other lipophilic molecules. Based on the site of action, phospholipases are classified into four types:

1. Phospholipase A1 (PLA1): This enzyme hydrolyzes the ester bond at the sn-1 position of a glycerophospholipid, releasing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid.
2. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2): PLA2 cleaves the ester bond at the sn-2 position of a glycerophospholipid, releasing a free fatty acid (often arachidonic acid) and a lysophospholipid. Arachidonic acid is a precursor for eicosanoids, which are signaling molecules involved in inflammation and other physiological processes.
3. Phospholipase C (PLC): PLC hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond in the headgroup of a glycerophospholipid, releasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and a soluble head group, such as inositol trisphosphate (IP3). DAG acts as a secondary messenger in intracellular signaling pathways, while IP3 mediates the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
4. Phospholipase D (PLD): PLD cleaves the phosphoester bond between the headgroup and the glycerol moiety of a glycerophospholipid, releasing phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free head group. PA is an important signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal reorganization, and cell survival.

Phospholipases have diverse roles in normal physiology and pathophysiological conditions, such as inflammation, immunity, and neurotransmission. Dysregulation of phospholipase activity can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders.

"Foreign bodies" refer to any object or substance that is not normally present in a particular location within the body. These can range from relatively harmless items such as splinters or pieces of food in the skin or gastrointestinal tract, to more serious objects like bullets or sharp instruments that can cause significant damage and infection.

Foreign bodies can enter the body through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, injection, or penetrating trauma. The location of the foreign body will determine the potential for harm and the necessary treatment. Some foreign bodies may pass through the body without causing harm, while others may require medical intervention such as removal or surgical extraction.

It is important to seek medical attention if a foreign body is suspected, as untreated foreign bodies can lead to complications such as infection, inflammation, and tissue damage.

Phospholipids are a major class of lipids that consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. The head is composed of a phosphate group, which is often bound to an organic molecule such as choline, ethanolamine, serine or inositol. The tails are made up of two fatty acid chains.

Phospholipids are a key component of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of the cell. They form a lipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards, creating a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

Phospholipids are also involved in various cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, and protein function regulation. Additionally, they serve as emulsifiers in the digestive system, helping to break down fats in the diet.

"Hypersplenism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2019-05-08. "Capital Health". McCaughey, ... Spur cell hemolytic anemia Any of the causes of hypersplenism (increased activity of the spleen), such as portal hypertension. ...
"Hypersplenism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-01. Gernsheimer, T., A. H. James, and R. ...
"Hypersplenism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2019-05-08. Bosman, Giel J. C. G. M. (2013 ... Spur cell hemolytic anemia Any of the causes of hypersplenism (increased activity of the spleen), such as portal hypertension. ... "Atraumatic splenic rupture was attributed to intra-cystic haemorrhage and hypersplenism in a patient with cirrhosis and portal ...
If the splenomegaly underlies hypersplenism, a splenectomy is indicated and will correct the hypersplenism. However, the ... and is distinct from hypersplenism, which connotes overactive function by a spleen of any size. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism ... Splenomegaly and hypersplenism at patient.info (Articles needing additional medical references from April 2022, All articles ... Splenomegaly is one of the four cardinal signs of hypersplenism which include: some reduction in number of circulating blood ...
"Extrinsic nonimmune hemolytic anemia due to mechanical damage: Fragmentation hemolysis and hypersplenism". UpToDate. Suri, ...
Condition may show features of hypersplenism in severe form like anemia and thrombocytopenia. The treatment of tropical ...
Patients with hypersplenism are more likely to have a lower amount of healthy blood cells in their body than normal and reveal ... Abdominal pain due to hypersplenism, splenic infarction and right-upper quadrant pain caused by gallstones are major clinical ... The use of splenectomies have been declining in recent years due to decreased prevalence of hypersplenism in adequately ... Some people with thalassemia are susceptible to health complications that involve the spleen (hypersplenism) and gallstones ( ...
... or from hypersplenism. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, a type of abnormal heart rhythm. This ...
... hypersplenism); an uncompensated increase in plasma volume (e.g., pregnancy, fluid overload); a B2 (riboflavin) deficiency a B6 ...
It is indicated only in cases of hypersplenism, or other cases of unexplained spleen enlargement. The Moeschlin technique is a ...
Ruiz-Tovar J, Ripalda E, Beni R, Nistal J, Monroy C, Carda P (2009). "Hypersplenism caused by an accessory spleen mimicking an ...
Physical factors may cause ischuria, constipation, as well as numerous spleen-related diseases such as hypersplenism, ...
Due to hypersplenism, the Shah underwent splenectomy in Cairo on March 28, 1980, with DeBakey supervising a team of surgeons. ...
... in association with splenomegaly during granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor treatment in mice is not caused by hypersplenism ...
... hypersplenism, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatopulmonary syndrome.[citation needed] In an Egyptian study, abnormally high ...
Hypersplenism and pancytopenia, the rapid and premature destruction of blood cells, leads to anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, ...
... hypersplenism, and passive placental transfer of maternal IgG. A bone marrow test can assist in diagnosis. The bone marrow ...
... lymphadenitis 289.2 Nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis 289.3 Lymphadenitis unspecified except mesenteric 289.4 Hypersplenism ...
... hypersplenism Symptoms of neutropenia are associated with the underlying cause of the decrease in neutrophils. For example, the ...
Alimentary toxic aleukia Copper deficiency Pernicious anemia Medication Hypersplenism Osteopetrosis Organic acidurias ( ...
... syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Post-transfusion purpura Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia Hypersplenism Dengue fever ...
Portal hypertension Ascites Hypersplenism (with or without splenomegaly) Lower oesophageal varices and rectal varices Synthetic ...
... option for patients with myelofibrosis in whom massive splenomegaly is contributing to anaemia because of hypersplenism, ...
Perennial allergy Anaphylaxis Food allergy Allergic rhinitis Atopic dermatitis Disorders of human immunity Hypersplenism ...
Splenomegaly and/or hypersplenism (increased portal blood flow) Hepatic causes Cirrhosis of any cause. alcohol use disorder ...
... hypersplenism MeSH C15.604.744.428 - myeloid metaplasia MeSH C15.604.744.617 - splenic infarction MeSH C15.604.744.680 - ...
... hypersplenism and oesophageal varices, with a normal or small liver. The presence of the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten venous hum is ...
Aggressive NK-cell leukemia Hemochromatosis Asplenia Hypersplenism Gaucher's disease Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined ...
Cytotoxic chemotherapy Hypersplenism Reactive thrombocytosis Iron-deficiency anemia Gilbert's syndrome Acquired ...
... hypersplenism, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), sepsis, bone marrow transplant, radiation treatment, organ transplant ...
Hypersplenism is an overactive spleen. The spleen is an organ found in the upper left side of your abdomen. The spleen helps ... Hypersplenism is an overactive spleen. The spleen is an organ found in the upper left side of your abdomen. The spleen helps ... Hypersplenism is an overactive spleen. The spleen is an organ found in the upper left side of your abdomen. The spleen helps ...
Study Name: Microwave Ablation and Partial Splenic Embolization in the Management of Hypersplenism. Condition: Hypersplenism. ... Study Name: Study of the Impact of Hypersplenism and Splenectomy on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Patients With Posthepatitic ... Study Name: Warfarin Prevents Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Cirrhotic Patients With Hypersplenism After Laparoscopic ...
Does Hypersplenism cause enlarged spleen?. Signs and symptoms of hypersplenism You have an enlarged spleen. In some cases, your ... Can Hypersplenism cause leukopenia?. Hypersplenism is a syndrome characterized by splenomegaly and any or all of the following ... Is Hypersplenism same with splenomegaly?. Hypersplenism is cytopenia caused by splenomegaly. (See also Overview of the Spleen. ... What is the difference between hypersplenism and neutropenia?. Hypersplenism may be associated with neutropenia, but in most ...
Hypersplenism - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional ... Hypersplenism is a secondary process that can arise from splenomegaly Splenomegaly Splenomegaly is abnormal enlargement of the ... However, if hypersplenism is the only serious manifestation of the disorder (eg, Gaucher disease Gaucher Disease Gaucher ... for Splenectomy or Radiation Therapy in Hypersplenism Indications for Splenectomy or Radiation Therapy in Hypersplenism ). ...
Hypersplenism is the term used to describe splenomegaly associated with a low red blood cell count (anemia), low white blood ... Hypersplenism. The spleen normally acts as a filter removing older red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (small ...
Overview of imaging in liver transplantation Imaging is an important part of the pre-liver transplantation workup and identification of postsurgical complications (see Complications, below). An increasing number of orthotopic and living-donor liver transplantations are being performed to salvage patients with otherwise incurable end-stage liv...
"Hypersplenism: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. 2019-04-30. Retrieved 2019-05-08. "Capital Health". McCaughey, ... Spur cell hemolytic anemia Any of the causes of hypersplenism (increased activity of the spleen), such as portal hypertension. ...
In the English literature, portal vein obstruction was first reported in 1868 by Balfour and Stewart, who described a patient presenting with an enlarged spleen, ascites, and variceal dilatation. The vast majority of cases are due to primary thrombosis of the portal vein; most of the remaining cases are caused by malignant obstruction.
Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are another reason why hemolytic anemias from changes outside of ... When the splenomegaly becomes chronic, hypersplenism sets in , which means that the chronically enlarged spleen is now so ...
This impairs blood flow out of the cords and results in the sequestration of blood cells and hypersplenism. Hypersplenism in ... Cytopenias in hypersplenism contribute to overall morbidity. The cytopenias are usually mild but may be severe and symptomatic ... Peck-Radosavljevic M. Hypersplenism. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Apr. 13(4):317-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Hypersplenism is the occurrence of (most commonly) thrombocytopenia, and occasionally leukopenia and anemia, in the context of ...
Risk factors for portal vein system thrombosis after partial splenic embolisation in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism.. ... Between March 2014 and February 2022, 428 cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism underwent partial splenic artery embolisation ... and the diameter of the splenic vein were independent risk factors for PVST after PSAE in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism ... in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism. MATERIALS AND METHODS:. ...
hypersplenism, which may cause platelets to get trapped in the spleen. Increased breakdown of platelets. Certain autoimmune ... 2016). Hypersplenism: History and current status.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5038876/. ...
Hypersplenism (enlarged spleen).. *Low blood oxygen (hypoxemia).. *Kidney failure.. *Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). ...
Anemia may result from folate deficiency, hemolysis, or hypersplenism. [48] Thrombocytopenia usually is secondary to ... hypersplenism and decreased levels of thrombopoietin. Coagulopathy results from decreased hepatic production of coagulation ...
Splenomegaly or hypersplenism. *Cavernous Hemangioma. * Pseudothrombocytopenia *Dilutional Thrombocytopenia (e.g. excessive ...
A new mechanical technique for hypersplenism. Arch Surg 1983; 118 (08) 897-900 ...
Previous neutropenia and/or agranulocytosis (excluding hypersplenism);. Pregnancy or breast-feeding. If the woman presents ...
Lymphocytopenia can be caused by various types of chemotherapy, such as with cytotoxic agents or immunosuppressive drugs. Some malignancies in the bone marrow also cause lymphocytopenia. People exposed to large doses of radiation, such as those involved with Chernobyl, can have severe lymphocytopenia. A decreased number of certain types of lymphocytes, notably T cells, is a characteristic of AIDS. Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia is the condition of having an abnormally low level of CD4+ T-cells. It has no known cause[1] and is not associated with AIDS or any known infectious agent such as HIV or HTLV.[2] It is associated with higher risks of opportunistic infections and cancer.[3] Lymphocytopenia may be present as part of a pancytopenia, when the total numbers of all types of blood cells are reduced. This can occur in marrow failure. Lymphocytopenia, but not idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia, is associated with corticosteroid use, infections with HIV and other viral, bacterial, and fungal agents, ...
J. J. Gu, X. H. He, W. T. Li et al., "Safety and efficacy of splenic artery coil embolization for hypersplenism in liver ... M.-J. Han, H.-G. Zhao, K. Ren, D.-C. Zhao, K. Xu, and X.-T. Zhang, "Partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism concomitant ... K. Zhu, X. Meng, J. Qian et al., "Partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism in cirrhosis: a long-term outcome in 62 ... PSE is a useful procedure to improve hypersplenism and portal hypertension and their complications [13-18]. However, there are ...
Thrombocytopenia Caused by Hypersplenism, Platelet Destruction, or Surgery/Hemodilution. 131. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia ...
involvement or hypersplenism with palpable splenomegaly). Hepatic. - Bilirubin ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN). - Alkaline ... marrow involvement [> 50%] or hypersplenism with palpable splenomegaly). - Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm^3 (50,000/mm^3 in ...
These adverse reactions included one case each of hypersplenism, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, burning sensation, and hot flash. ...
Idiopathic hypersplenism in a ferret. JAVMA. 186:693-695. 6. Hoefer HL. 2004. Gastrointestinal diseases, p. 25-33. In: ...
If this process is extensive, obstructive cirrhosis complicated by esophageal varices, splenomegaly, and hypersplenism may ...
The most common alternative diagnoses are myelodysplastic syndrome, familial thrombocytopenia syndromes, hypersplenism, liver ...
AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnemia, AplasticAnemia, MegaloblasticChildFemaleHumansHypersplenismMaleMiddle Aged ... CONCLUSION: Megaloblastic anemia, hypersplenism and aplastic anemia are the common causes of pancytopenia in our study. SN - ... Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension (cirrhosis) was the second most common diagnosis (n = 19). Aplastic anemia, ... Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension (cirrhosis) was the second most common diagnosis (n = 19). Aplastic anemia, ...
Hypersplenism Treated by Partial Splenic Embolization Using Guglielmi Detachable Coils. Shunichi Matsuoka, Shinya Kamimura, ... A 52-year-old man underwent partial splenic embolization (PSE) for hypersplenism. The intrasplenic artery targeted for the ... This is the first report of the use of GDC in PSE for hypersplenism.. ...
Selective splenic artery embolization for the treatment of thrombocytopenia and hypersplenism in paroxysmal nocturnal ...
Laboratory results (Table) showed evidence of likely hypersplenism-related pancytopenia, hemolysis, mildly raised transaminases ...
  • Hypersplenism is an overactive spleen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Splenomegaly refers strictly to spleen enlargement, and is distinct from hypersplenism, which connotes overactive function by a spleen of any size. (allclearmister.com)
  • Essentially, any disorder that causes enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) can cause hypersplenism. (allclearmister.com)
  • Does Hypersplenism cause enlarged spleen? (allclearmister.com)
  • Signs and symptoms of hypersplenism You have an enlarged spleen. (allclearmister.com)
  • Spur cell hemolytic anemia Any of the causes of hypersplenism (increased activity of the spleen), such as portal hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the splenomegaly becomes chronic, hypersplenism sets in , which means that the chronically enlarged spleen is now so effective in removing RBC's that this condition becomes a new entity and removal of the enlarged spleen may become part of the treatment plan. (nethealthbook.com)
  • The present study demonstrated portal vein thrombosis , spleen infarction percentage, and the diameter of the splenic vein were independent risk factors for PVST after PSAE in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism . (bvsalud.org)
  • Hypersplenism (enlarged spleen). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Portal hypertension - enlargement of the spleen and / or hypersplenism, ascites, varicose veins of the esophagus, stomach, hemorrhoidal veins, bleeding from them (rectal bleeding is rare). (medprep.info)
  • Hypersplenism is a syndrome characterized by splenomegaly and any or all of the following cytopenias: anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia. (allclearmister.com)
  • What is the difference between Hypersplenism and splenomegaly? (allclearmister.com)
  • How does splenomegaly cause Hypersplenism? (allclearmister.com)
  • Is Hypersplenism same with splenomegaly? (allclearmister.com)
  • Hypersplenism is cytopenia caused by splenomegaly. (allclearmister.com)
  • Hypersplenism is a secondary process that can arise from splenomegaly. (allclearmister.com)
  • Hypersplenism is suspected in patients with splenomegaly and anemia or cytopenias. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are another reason why hemolytic anemias from changes outside of the RBC occur. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Laparoscopic splenectomy is becoming the standard procedure for benign splenic disorders including hematologic diseases and hypersplenism. (sages.org)
  • The results showed that all (n=50, 100%) of the participants developed hypersplenism at an average age of 6.86±1.9 years and underwent a splenectomy at an average age of 15.1±4.6 years. (jptcp.com)
  • Splenic artery embolization is emerging as a promising alternative to surgical splenectomy for hypersplenism. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In case of hypersplenism, splenectomy is often performed. (lu.se)
  • Risk factors for portal vein system thrombosis after partial splenic embolisation in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism. (bvsalud.org)
  • To determine risk factors for portal venous system thrombosis (PVST) after partial splenic artery embolisation (PSAE) in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism . (bvsalud.org)
  • Between March 2014 and February 2022, 428 cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism underwent partial splenic artery embolisation and from these patients 208 were enrolled and 220 were excluded. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over the past 20 years, partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been an interventional radiological treatment for thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • for example hypersplenism plus hemolytic anemia may result in a false-normal overall serum value. (medscape.com)
  • Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension (cirrhosis) was the second most common diagnosis (n = 19). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Objective: This study aimed to examine the expression of M-CSF, TNF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in rats with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism, and to investigate its significance. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • The rats in the model group were first gavaged with a 40% CCL4/peanut oil solution to develop cirrhosis and hypersplenism. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • A considerable number of patients with HCC have thrombocytopenia secondary to hypersplenism. (hindawi.com)
  • A shorter mean platelet lifespan was observed in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) (mean 12 hours) than in hypersplenism (mean 56 hours) or marrow hypoplasia (mean 102 hours). (bmj.com)
  • Can Hypersplenism cause pancytopenia? (allclearmister.com)
  • Megaloblastic anemia, hypersplenism and aplastic anemia are the common causes of pancytopenia in our study. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Laboratory results ( Table ) showed evidence of likely hypersplenism-related pancytopenia, hemolysis, mildly raised transaminases, and advanced HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sometimes patients with chronic dialysis may develop hypersplenism, further destroying RBCs. (ndtv.com)
  • Macrocytosis was noted in 35 (89.7%) patients with megaloblastic anemia and 12 (63.1%) with hypersplenism, 4 (50%) with aplastic anemia. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This study sought to explore the prevalence and factors contributing to hypersplenism in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. (jptcp.com)
  • A comparative study between patients with asplenia/hyposplenism and hypersplenism. (cdc.gov)
  • Thrombocytopenia - Increased splenic platelet pooling is the primary cause of the thrombocytopenia of hypersplenism. (medscape.com)
  • thrombocytopenia (hypersplenism), and leg ulcers. (syrianclinic.com)
  • Partial ambolisation of splenic artery in hypersplenism/portal hypertension with thrombocytopenia. (khmanipal.com)
  • The term hypersplenism describes some of the sequelae that are often observed with splenomegaly. (medscape.com)
  • Hypersplenism is cytopenia caused by splenomegaly. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hypersplenism is suspected in patients with splenomegaly and anemia or cytopenias. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Is there a correlation between degree of splenomegaly, symptoms and hypersplenism? (huji.ac.il)
  • We have also employed splenomegaly as seen in Gaucher disease as a paradigm to determine whether there is a correlation between the degree of splenomegaly and the parameters of hypersplenism. (huji.ac.il)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Is there a correlation between degree of splenomegaly, symptoms and hypersplenism? (huji.ac.il)
  • What causes splenomegaly and hypersplenism in myeloproliferative neoplasms? (tonyajoy.com)
  • Splenomegaly and hypersplenism often occurs in conditions like cirrhosis with portal hypertension. (tonyajoy.com)
  • In the absence of hypersplenism, most causes of splenomegaly are diagnosed on the basis of signs and symptoms and laboratory abnormalities associated with the underlying disorder. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Laboratory results ( Table ) showed evidence of likely hypersplenism-related pancytopenia, hemolysis, mildly raised transaminases, and advanced HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Hypersplenism due to infection. (umn.edu)
  • These diseases affect both children and adults and have a predilection to hypersplenism and lymphomas, as well as autoimmune complications leading to low blood cell counts (cytopenias) and other end organ damage. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Laparoscopic surgery in the management of hypersplenism and esophagogastric varices: our initial experiences. (nih.gov)
  • Decreases in one or more cell lineages could indicate hypersplenism, increased destruction. (unboundmedicine.com)