Pathological conditions involving ARTERIES in the skull, such as arteries supplying the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, the BRAIN STEM, and associated structures. They include atherosclerotic, congenital, traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, and other pathological processes.
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.
Comparison of the BLOOD PRESSURE between the BRACHIAL ARTERY and the POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. It is a predictor of PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE.
The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.
The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.
The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.
The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.
The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.
An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.
The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Advances in non-invasive imaging of intracranial vascular disease. (1/46)

Intra-arterial catheter angiography has, in the past, been the mainstay for the investigation of intracranial vascular disease. It is, however, invasive, usually requires in-patients admission, and is associated with a rate of neurological complications between 1% and 3%. In recent years, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and CT angiography (CTA) have emerged as non-invasive alternatives for imaging blood vessels and have made a significant impact on neuroradiological investigations. It is the purpose of this article to explain the basic technical principles of these two methods and to give an overview of their current clinical applications.  (+info)

Cerebral vascular hamartomas in five dogs. (2/46)

Vascular hamartomas are considered developmental lesions rather than true neoplasms. Reports of such anomalies in the canine brain are scarce, and their classification is confusing. This case series of vascular hamartomas from the brains of five dogs was characterized using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, in addition to gross and microscopic findings. All five hamartomas were located in the telencephalon, three in the pyriform lobe, without any predilection for the left or right side. Each hamartoma consisted of a proliferation of thin-walled vessels which varied in caliber. These vessels were elastin-negative, with varying amounts of collagen and no muscular component. In four of the five hamartomas, lining cells were actin- and factor VIII-positive. All five hamartomas contained glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive parenchyma at moderate to high frequency, and four contained neurofilament-positive axons between component vessels. This report shows that vascular hamartomas in the canine brain are structural malformations for which immunohistochemistry is useful for accurate classification.  (+info)

Sudden deafness and anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction. (3/46)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute ischemic stroke in the distribution of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is known to be associated with vertigo, nystagmus, facial weakness, and gait ataxia. Few reports have carefully examined the deafness associated with the AICA infarction. Furthermore, previous neurological reports have not emphasized the inner ear as a localization of sudden deafness. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of deafness associated with the AICA infarction and the sites predominantly involved in deafness. METHODS: Over 2 years, we prospectively identified 12 consecutive patients with unilateral AICA infarction diagnosed by brain MRI. Pure-tone audiogram, speech discrimination testing, stapedial reflex testing, and auditory brainstem response were performed to localize the site of lesion in the auditory pathways. Electronystagmography was also performed to evaluate the function of the vestibular system. RESULTS: The most common affected site on brain MRI was the middle cerebellar peduncle (n=11). Four patients had vertigo and/or acute auditory symptoms such as hearing loss or tinnitus as an isolated manifestation from 1 day to 2 months before infarction. Audiological testings confirmed sensorineural hearing loss in 11 patients (92%), predominantly cochlear in 6 patients, retrocochlear in 1 patient, and combined on the affected side cochlear and retrocochlear in 4 patients. Electronystagmography demonstrated no response to caloric stimulation in 10 patients (83%). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, sudden deafness was an important sign for the diagnosis of AICA infarction. Audiological examinations suggest that sudden deafness in AICA infarction is usually due to dysfunction of the cochlea resulting from ischemia to the inner ear.  (+info)

C-reactive protein predicts further ischemic events in first-ever transient ischemic attack or stroke patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. (4/46)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of inflammation in intracranial large-artery occlusive disease is unclear. We sought to investigate the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the risk of further ischemic events in first-ever transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. METHODS: Of a total of 127 consecutive first-ever TIA or ischemic stroke patients with intracranial stenoses detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, 71 fulfilled all inclusion criteria, which included angiographic confirmation. Serum high-sensitivity CRP level was determined a minimum of 3 months after the qualifying event. Patients were followed up during 1 year after blood sampling. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (18.3%) with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease experienced an end point event: 9 cerebral ischemic events, 7 of which were attributable to intracranial large-artery occlusive disease, and 4 myocardial infarctions. Patients in the highest quintile of high-sensitivity CRP level had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio for new events compared with those in the first quintile (odds ratio, 8.66; 95% CI, 1.39 to 53.84; P=0.01). A high-sensitivity CRP level above the receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value of 1.41 mg/dL emerged as an independent predictor of new end point events (hazard ratio, 7.14; 95% CI, 1.77 to 28.73; P=0.005) and of further intracranial large-artery occlusive disease-related ischemic events (hazard ratio, 30.67; 95% CI, 3.6 to 255.5; P=0.0015), after adjustment for age, sex, and risk factors. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a significantly lower proportion of patients with a high-sensitivity CRP >1.41 mg/dL remained free of a new ischemic event (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: High-sensitivity CRP serum level predicts further intracranial large-artery occlusive disease-related and any major ischemic events in patients with first-ever TIA or stroke with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation may be involved in the progression and complication of intracranial large-artery occlusive disease.  (+info)

Recurrent thromboembolism in infants and children suffering from symptomatic neonatal arterial stroke: a prospective follow-up study. (5/46)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was performed to evaluate the rate of recurrent symptomatic thromboembolism with respect to prothrombotic risk factors and underlying clinical conditions. METHODS: In a series of 215 consecutively enrolled neonates with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), the factor V G1691A mutation, factor II G20210A variant, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) T677T genotype, lipoprotein (Lp) (a), antithrombin, protein C, protein S, and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were investigated. Patient median follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 1 to 8 years). RESULTS: During follow-up, 7 infants and children (3.3%) showed recurrent symptomatic thromboembolism (AIS, n=4; venous sinus thrombosis, n=2; deep vein thrombosis of the leg, n=1). The factor V mutation, factor II variant, elevated Lp(a) >30 mg/dL, protein C deficiency, and protein S or antithrombin deficiency were associated with first stroke onset. In 5 of 7 cases (71.4%), prothrombotic risk factors [MTHFR T677T, elevated Lp(a), hyperhomocysteinemia, protein C deficiency] were involved at the time of recurrence. Furthermore, a second thromboembolic event was triggered additionally by underlying diseases (71%), eg, cardiac malformation and immobilization, diarrhea, mastoiditis, and moyamoya syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Data shown here give evidence that symptomatic recurrent thromboembolism is not common in children with neonatal AIS. The risk of a second event, however, is increased when underlying diseases occur and prothrombotic risk factors are involved.  (+info)

Yield and accuracy of urgent combined carotid/transcranial ultrasound testing in acute cerebral ischemia. (6/46)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We routinely perform an urgent bedside neurovascular ultrasound examination (NVUE) with carotid/vertebral duplex and transcranial Doppler (TCD) in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. We aimed to determine the yield and accuracy of NVUE to identify lesions amenable for interventional treatment (LAITs). METHODS: NVUE was performed with portable carotid duplex and TCD using standardized fast-track (<15 minutes) insonation protocols. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was the gold standard for identifying LAIT. These lesions were defined as proximal intra- or extracranial occlusions, near-occlusions, > or =50% stenoses or thrombus in the symptomatic artery. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty patients (70 women, mean age 66+/-15 years) underwent NVUE at median 128 minutes after symptom onset. Fifty-four patients (36%) received intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 14, range 4 to 29; 81% had NIHSS > or =10 points). NVUE demonstrated LAITs in 98% of patients eligible for thrombolysis, 76% of acute stroke patients ineligible for thrombolysis (n=63), and 42% in patients with transient ischemic attack (n=33), P<0.001. Urgent DSA was performed in 30 patients on average 230 minutes after NVUE. Compared with DSA, NVUE predicted LAIT presence with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, although individual accuracy parameters for TCD and carotid duplex specific to occlusion location ranged 75% to 96% because of the presence of tandem lesions and 10% rate of no temporal windows. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside neurovascular ultrasound examination, combining carotid/vertebral duplex with TCD yields a substantial proportion of LAITs in excellent agreement with urgent DSA.  (+info)

Predictors of ischemic stroke in the territory of a symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. (7/46)

BACKGROUND: Antithrombotic therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis was recently evaluated in the Warfarin versus Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial. A prespecified aim of WASID was to identify patients at highest risk for stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery who would be the target group for a subsequent trial comparing intracranial stenting with medical therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: WASID was a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter trial involving 569 patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke due to 50% to 99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery. Median time from qualifying event to randomization was 17 days, and mean follow-up was 1.8 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with subsequent ischemic stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery. Subsequent ischemic stroke occurred in 106 patients (19.0%); 77 (73%) of these strokes were in the territory of the stenotic artery. Risk of stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery was highest with severe stenosis > or =70% (hazard ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 3.22; P=0.0025) and in patients enrolled early (< or =17 days) after the qualifying event (hazard ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.72; P=0.028). Women were also at increased risk, although this was of borderline significance (hazard ratio 1.59; 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.55; P=0.051). Location of stenosis, type of qualifying event, and prior use of antithrombotic medications were not associated with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis, the risk of subsequent stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery is greatest with stenosis > or =70%, after recent symptoms, and in women.  (+info)

The archetypal R90C CADASIL-NOTCH3 mutation retains NOTCH3 function in vivo. (8/46)

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most prominent known cause of inherited stroke and vascular dementia in human adult. The disease gene, NOTCH3, encodes a transmembrane receptor primarily expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Pathogenic mutations lead to an odd number of cysteine residues within the NOTCH3 extracellular domain (NOTCH3(ECD)), and are associated with progressive accumulation of NOTCH3(ECD) at the SMC plasma membrane. The murine homolog, Notch3, is dispensable for viability but required post-natally for the elaboration and maintenance of arteries. How CADASIL-associated mutations impact NOTCH3 function remains a fundamental, yet unresolved issue. Particularly, whether NOTCH3(ECD) accumulation may titrate the ligand and inhibit the normal pathway is unknown. Herein, using genetic analyses in the mouse, we assessed the functional significance of an archetypal CADASIL-associated mutation (R90C), in vivo, in brain arteries. We show that transgenic mouse lines expressing either the wild-type human NOTCH3 or the mutant R90C human NOTCH3, at comparable and physiological levels, can rescue the arterial defects of Notch3-/- mice to similar degrees. In vivo assessment of NOTCH3/RBP-Jk activity provides evidence that the mutant NOTCH3 protein exhibits normal level of activity in brain arteries. Remarkably, the mutant NOTCH3 protein remains functional and does not exhibit dominant negative interfering activity, even when NOTCH3(ECD) accumulates. Collectively, these data suggest a model that invokes novel pathogenic roles for the mutant NOTCH3 protein rather than compromised NOTCH3 function as the primary determinant of the CADASIL arteriopathy.  (+info)

Intracranial arterial diseases refer to conditions that affect the blood vessels within the brain. These diseases can include stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion (blockage) of the intracranial arteries, aneurysms (bulging or weakened areas in the artery wall), and vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel walls).

These conditions can lead to serious complications such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA or "mini-stroke"), bleeding in the brain, and cognitive decline. Risk factors for intracranial arterial diseases include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, and a history of heart disease.

Diagnosis of intracranial arterial diseases may involve imaging tests such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomographic angiography (CTA), or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Treatment options may include medications to manage risk factors, endovascular procedures such as angioplasty and stenting, or surgical intervention in some cases.

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the extremities, most commonly the legs. This results in reduced blood flow, leading to symptoms such as leg pain, cramping, numbness, or weakness during physical activity, and in severe cases, tissue damage or gangrene. PAD is often indicative of widespread atherosclerosis, which is the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques. It's important to note that early detection and management can help prevent serious complications.

Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain. These diseases are characterized by a narrowing or blockage of the peripheral arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs.

The primary cause of PVD is atherosclerosis, a buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the walls of the arteries, forming plaques that restrict blood flow. Other risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and a family history of vascular disease.

Symptoms of PVD can vary depending on the severity of the condition but may include leg pain or cramping during exercise (claudication), numbness or tingling in the legs, coldness or discoloration of the feet, sores or wounds that heal slowly or not at all, and in severe cases, gangrene.

PVD can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, so it is essential to diagnose and treat the condition as early as possible. Treatment options include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy diet, medications to control symptoms and reduce the risk of complications, and surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow.

Intermittent claudication is a medical condition characterized by pain or cramping in the legs, usually in the calf muscles, that occurs during exercise or walking and is relieved by rest. This symptom is caused by insufficient blood flow to the working muscles due to peripheral artery disease (PAD), a narrowing or blockage of the arteries in the limbs. As the individual walks, the muscle demands for oxygen and nutrients increase, but the restricted blood supply cannot meet these demands, leading to ischemia (lack of oxygen) and pain. The pain typically subsides after a few minutes of rest, as the muscle's demand for oxygen decreases, allowing the limited blood flow to compensate. Regular exercise and medications may help improve symptoms and reduce the risk of complications associated with PAD.

The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a medical test used to diagnose and evaluate peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels outside of the heart. The ABI measures the ratio of blood pressure in the ankles to the blood pressure in the arms, which can indicate whether there is reduced blood flow to the legs due to PAD.

To perform the test, healthcare professionals measure the blood pressure in both arms and ankles using a blood pressure cuff and a Doppler ultrasound device. The systolic blood pressure (the higher number) is used for the calculation. The ABI value is obtained by dividing the highest ankle pressure by the highest arm pressure.

In healthy individuals, the ABI values typically range from 0.9 to 1.3. Values below 0.9 suggest that there may be narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the legs, indicating PAD. The lower the ABI value, the more severe the blockage is likely to be. Additionally, an ABI of 1.4 or higher may indicate calcification of the arteries, which can also affect blood flow.

In summary, the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a medical test that measures the ratio of blood pressure in the ankles to the blood pressure in the arms, providing valuable information about peripheral artery disease and overall circulatory health.

The ankle, also known as the talocrural region, is the joint between the leg and the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements. The ankle is composed of three bones: the tibia and fibula of the lower leg, and the talus of the foot. The bottom portion of the tibia and fibula, called the malleoli, form a mortise that surrounds and articulates with the talus.

The ankle joint is strengthened by several ligaments, including the medial (deltoid) ligament and lateral ligament complex. The ankle also contains important nerves and blood vessels that provide sensation and circulation to the foot.

Damage to the ankle joint, such as sprains or fractures, can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Proper care and rehabilitation are essential for maintaining the health and function of the ankle joint.

Arterial occlusive diseases are medical conditions characterized by the blockage or narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to a reduction in blood flow to various parts of the body. This reduction in blood flow can cause tissue damage and may result in serious complications such as tissue death (gangrene), organ dysfunction, or even death.

The most common cause of arterial occlusive diseases is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of the artery walls. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. Other causes of arterial occlusive diseases include blood clots, emboli (tiny particles that travel through the bloodstream and lodge in smaller vessels), inflammation, trauma, and certain inherited conditions.

Symptoms of arterial occlusive diseases depend on the location and severity of the blockage. Common symptoms include:

* Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the affected limb, often triggered by exercise and relieved by rest (claudication)
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb
* Coldness or discoloration of the skin in the affected area
* Slow-healing sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs
* Erectile dysfunction in men

Treatment for arterial occlusive diseases may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. Medications to lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, prevent blood clots, or manage pain may also be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.

The term "lower extremity" is used in the medical field to refer to the portion of the human body that includes the structures below the hip joint. This includes the thigh, lower leg, ankle, and foot. The lower extremities are responsible for weight-bearing and locomotion, allowing individuals to stand, walk, run, and jump. They contain many important structures such as bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels.

In medical terms, the leg refers to the lower portion of the human body that extends from the knee down to the foot. It includes the thigh (femur), lower leg (tibia and fibula), foot, and ankle. The leg is primarily responsible for supporting the body's weight and enabling movements such as standing, walking, running, and jumping.

The leg contains several important structures, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, and joints. These structures work together to provide stability, support, and mobility to the lower extremity. Common medical conditions that can affect the leg include fractures, sprains, strains, infections, peripheral artery disease, and neurological disorders.

The brachial artery is a major blood vessel in the upper arm. It supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues of the arm, forearm, and hand. The brachial artery originates from the axillary artery at the level of the shoulder joint and runs down the medial (inner) aspect of the arm, passing through the cubital fossa (the depression on the anterior side of the elbow) where it can be palpated during a routine blood pressure measurement. At the lower end of the forearm, the brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries, which further divide into smaller vessels to supply the hand and fingers.

The tibial arteries are three major arteries that supply blood to the lower leg and foot. They are branches of the popliteal artery, which is a continuation of the femoral artery. The three tibial arteries are:

1. Anterior tibial artery: This artery runs down the front of the leg and supplies blood to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg, as well as to the foot. It becomes the dorsalis pedis artery as it approaches the ankle.
2. Posterior tibial artery: This artery runs down the back of the leg and supplies blood to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg. It then branches into the fibular (peroneal) artery and the medial and lateral plantar arteries, which supply blood to the foot.
3. Fibular (peroneal) artery: This artery runs down the outside of the leg and supplies blood to the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg. It also provides branches that anastomose with the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, forming a network of vessels that helps ensure adequate blood flow to the foot.

Together, these arteries play a critical role in providing oxygenated blood and nutrients to the lower leg and foot, helping to maintain their health and function.

Ischemia is the medical term used to describe a lack of blood flow to a part of the body, often due to blocked or narrowed blood vessels. This can lead to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients in the tissues, which can cause them to become damaged or die. Ischemia can affect many different parts of the body, including the heart, brain, legs, and intestines. Symptoms of ischemia depend on the location and severity of the blockage, but they may include pain, cramping, numbness, weakness, or coldness in the affected area. In severe cases, ischemia can lead to tissue death (gangrene) or organ failure. Treatment for ischemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the blocked blood flow, such as through medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Medical science often defines and describes "walking" as a form of locomotion or mobility where an individual repeatedly lifts and sets down each foot to move forward, usually bearing weight on both legs. It is a complex motor activity that requires the integration and coordination of various systems in the human body, including the musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular systems.

Walking involves several components such as balance, coordination, strength, and endurance. The ability to walk independently is often used as a measure of functional mobility and overall health status. However, it's important to note that the specific definition of walking may vary depending on the context and the medical or scientific field in question.

Amputation is defined as the surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity such as an arm, leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. This procedure is typically performed to remove damaged or dead tissue due to various reasons like severe injury, infection, tumors, or chronic conditions that impair circulation, such as diabetes or peripheral arterial disease. The goal of amputation is to alleviate pain, prevent further complications, and improve the patient's quality of life. Following the surgery, patients may require rehabilitation and prosthetic devices to help them adapt to their new physical condition.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

September 15, 2011). "Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis". The New England Journal ... His research work focuses on neurovascular diseases such as stroke, brain aneurysms and vessel malformations. He has published ... Non-Inferiority Trial Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Therapy for Intracranial Arterial Stenosis Dr. Levy has published ... t-PA Alone in Stroke Aggressive Medical Treatment With or Without Stenting in High-risk Patients with Intracranial Artery ...
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... or who had peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In this three-year study in over 26,000 patients, the addition of vorapaxar to ... In studies of vorapaxar on persons with prior ischemic stroke, there was an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage without ... or persons with peripheral arterial disease. Studies have shown that this medication can reduce the rate of combined endpoint ... This family of medication, PAR-1 antagonists in general has been associated with an increased risk of intracranial bleeding ...
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... s may result from diseases acquired during life, or from genetic conditions. Hypertension, smoking, ... Damage to structural integrity of the arterial wall by shear stress causes an inflammatory response with the recruitment of T ... An intracranial aneurysm, also known as a cerebral aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a ... Intracranial aneurysms occur more in women, by a ratio of 3 to 2, and are rarely seen in pediatric populations. Interventional ...
... for developing a new method of treating arterial diseases (stent grafting) and the set of surgical instruments for its ... intracranial, and pulmonary arteries. Volodos and his department were the country leaders in surgical and medical treatment of ... Vascular Disease Management. Volume 9 - Issue 7 - July 2012. Volodos NL, Shalimov AA. [Some issues of coronary insufficiency]. ... patients with peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). Throughout his career, Volodos actively introduced numerous diagnostic and ...
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... intracranial pressure, and mean arterial pressure. The ratio between cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume can be an ... Lassen, N. A. (June 1984). "Cerebral Blood Flow and Blood Volume Tomography by SPECT in Cerebrovascular Disease". Clinical ... Intracranial hematoma and Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) will cause an increase in cerebral blood volume. Ischemic stroke will ... the temporal change in iodine concentration was compared to changes in cerebral arterial input. It is a new method for studying ...
"Gender Differences in the Outcomes of Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment in Symptomatic Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease". Vascular ... "Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Intracranial Malignancies". Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology. 40 (3): e31-e48. doi:10.1097/WNO ... Director of Interventional Structural Heart Disease Program, and Director of Interventional Cardiology Fellowship at The Mount ...
Cold exposure Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Arterial obstruction (e.g., peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud ... Central cyanosis may be due to the following causes: Central nervous system (impairing normal ventilation): Intracranial ... It develops when arterial oxygen saturation drops below 85% or 75%. Acute cyanosis can be a result of asphyxiation or choking ... De Sénac concluded from an autopsy that cyanosis was caused by a heart defect that led to the mixture of arterial and venous ...
The exact pathogenesis of the disease remains undetermined. The possibility that intracranial pressure (ICP) may not be the ... Some of these researchers published similar findings concerning the relationship of intracranial pressure to arterial blood ... Intracranial pressure was raised by filling an intracranial, soft, rubber bag with mercury. Cushing recorded the intracranial ... Raised intracranial pressure can ultimately result in the shifting or crushing of brain tissue, which is detrimental to the ...
... to heparin in preventing thrombosis when given to people undergoing arterial graft surgery to treat peripheral arterial disease ... Ancrod showed modest benefits but a trend toward increased intracranial haemorrhage. A clinical trial published in 2006 found ... Severe liver disease. Manifest or impending shock. I.M.-Injection : Ancrod should not be injected i.m., because of rapid ... These mechanisms also account for ancrod's activity in other diseases. Effects on other clotting factors: Unlike thrombin, ...
... of intra-cranial stenting in symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis, the rate of technical success (reduction to stenosis ... Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, James A. Perkins (Ninth ed.). ... Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, James A. Perkins (Ninth ed.). ... Levett, Millar (2008). "Bubble trouble: a review of diving physiology and disease". BMJ. 84 (997): 571-578. doi:10.1136/pgmj. ...
Archives of Disease in Childhood. 98 (9): 737-744. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303720. PMID 23832061. S2CID 31723102. Hughes ... blood pressure and cardiac output Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, which could be fatal in patients with ischemic heart ... Higher incidence of psychotomimetic effects Increase in cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure, which may increase the ... disease, systemic or pulmonary hypertension Increase in the toxicity of cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants on cardiovascular ...
They were all sent there to die from disease and hunger. While they were in the camp, Askenasy was obligated to clean the ... Professor Askenasy also studied the outcome of low level radiation on the development of intracranial meningiomas along the ... This approach was an early development for endovascular therapy and treatment of occlusion, cerebral arterial aneurysms, ... He also established a relationship between meningiomas, extrapyramidal disorder, and Parkinson's disease.[citation needed] The ...
Buerger's disease, Kawasaki disease, Polyarteritis nodosa Small vessel: Behçet's syndrome, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with ... This condition is called post-varicella angiopathy and may be responsible for arterial ischaemic strokes in children. Several ... In pediatric patients, varicella inflammation may be followed by vasculitis of intracranial vessels. ... There are also many conditions that have vasculitis as an accompanying or atypical feature, including: Rheumatic diseases, such ...
... by extra-intracranial arterial bypass in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia. A case study with 15O positron emission tomography". ... He primarily used positron emission tomography (PET) in the study of cerebrovascular diseases, using it in conjunction with ... Jean-Claude Baron". Cerebrovascular Diseases. 20 (3): 152-153. doi:10.1159/000087198. ISSN 1015-9770. PMID 16088109. S2CID ... "In Vivo Mapping of Gray Matter Loss with Voxel-Based Morphometry in Mild Alzheimer's Disease". NeuroImage. 14 (2): 298-309. doi ...
... coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, peripheral artery disease, sick sinus syndrome, and aortic and intracranial aneurysm. ... lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease," op. cit.; G Gudmundsson et al., "Localization of a Gene for Peripheral Arterial ... lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease," Nature, volume 452, pp 638-642, 3 April 2008 F Zink et al., "Clonal hematopoiesis ... lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease," Nature (subscription required), vol 452, pp 638-6423, 3 April 2008; TE ...
It is used to detect and evaluate symptoms of various retinal vascular diseases or eye diseases such as glaucoma. In patients ... as this indicates raised intracranial pressure (which could be due to hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension (aka ... In arterial hypertension, hypertensive changes of the retina closely mimic those in the brain and may predict cerebrovascular ...
... as this indicates raised intracranial pressure (ICP) which could be due to hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension (aka ... In arterial hypertension, hypertensive changes of the retina closely mimic those in the brain, and may predict cerebrovascular ... Fundus photographs are also used to document abnormalities of disease process affecting the eye, and/or to follow up on the ... Sodium Fluorescein Angiography (abbreviated SFA, FA or FAG) is used for the imaging of retinal vascular disease and utilises ...
Kwon JY, Kim NY, Suh DC, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS (November 2015). "Intracranial and extracranial arterial dissection ... Hereditary connective tissue diseases include autosomal polycystic kidney disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, ... A dissection typically results in a tear in one of the layers of the arterial wall. The result of this tear is often an ... Arterial walls are composed of three layers: an intima (the innermost layer), media (the middle muscular layer), and adventitia ...
Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is defined as the mean arterial pressure (MAP) minus the intracranial pressure (ICP). In ... "The cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular disease I: Anatomy". Brain Circulation. 3 (2): 45-56. doi:10.4103/bc.bc_10_17. PMC ... Intracranial pressure should not be above 15 mm Hg (ICP of 20 mm Hg is considered as intracranial hypertension). Cerebral blood ... by arterial pCO2 and pO2) Neural control Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) causes decreased blood perfusion of brain cells ...
CCTA is a useful way of screening for arterial disease because it is safer, much less time-consuming than catheter angiography ... Other applications of CTA are identifying moyamoya disease, dissections of intracranial arteries, detection of carotid- ... CTA is used also to identify arterial dissection, including aortic dissection in the aorta or its major branches. Arterial ... CTA is a quick and non-invasive method of identifying dissections and can show the extent of the disease and if there is ...
A pioneer of brain surgery, he was the first exclusive neurosurgeon and the first person to describe Cushing's disease. He ... He considerably improved the survival of patients after difficult brain operations for intracranial tumors. He used X-rays to ... Cushing was astonished by Riva-Rocci's non-invasive way of measuring intra-arterial pressure. In 1896, Riva-Rocci developed a ... Cushing's name is commonly associated with his most famous discovery, Cushing's disease. In 1912 he reported in a study an ...
The disease may be complicated by raised intracranial pressure, which may warrant surgical intervention such as the placement ... The neurologic deficits related to central venous thromboses does not necessarily affect one side of the body or one arterial ... Ray BS, Dunbar HS, Dotter CT (January 1951). "Dural sinus venography as an aid to diagnosis in intracranial disease". J. ... a kidney problem causing protein loss in the urine Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lupus and ...
... MONTAGNESE, FEDERICA. Primo. ;GRANATA, ... this study was to define the presence and type of intracranial arterial abnormalities in a cohort of late onset Pompe disease ( ... this study was to define the presence and type of intracranial arterial abnormalities in a cohort of late onset Pompe disease ( ... Results: We found intracranial arterial abnormalities in 13/21 patients (62 %), of whom: 2/21 patients (9.5 %) showed an ...
Intracranial injury or tumor. *Neuromuscular disease (any). *Need for intraoperative prone or lateral decubitus position ... Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure > 40 mmHg ... Severe cardiac disease (New York Heart Association class III or IV, acute coronary syndrome or persistent ventricular ... Brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, congenital heart disease, heart arrhythmia. See more conditions. ...
Arterial Occlusive Diseases. *Intracranial Embolism And Thrombosis. *Myocardial Infarction. *Pulmonary Embolism. How long have ...
Female sex, no hyperlipaemia and peripheral arterial disease were associated with CW. Male sex and smoking were associated with ... Main causes of clinical deterioration included symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), persistent occlusion and cerebral ... Absence of arterial occlusion on admission (28.4%) and arterial recanalisation at 24 h were associated with CI. ...
Comparison of the event rates in high-risk patients in Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) vs this ... The use of a Wingspan stent in patients with severe intracranial stenosis is relatively safe with high rate of technical ... The NIH registry on use of the Wingspan stent for symptomatic 70-99% intracranial arterial stenosis Neurology. 2008 Apr 22;70( ... Comparison of the event rates in high-risk patients in Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) vs this ...
Whole-body MR angiography with body coil acquisition at 3 T in patients with peripheral arterial disease using the contrast ... CONCLUSIONS: Blood-pool agents provide superior demonstration of most intracranial vessels in time-resolved MRA compared with ... Early arterial (A, D), late arterial (B, E), and venous (C, F) axial MIP phases are presented as indicated. Qualitatively ... Aortoiliac occlusive disease in patients with known or suspected peripheral vascular disease: safety and efficacy of ...
C. G. Choi, D. H. Lee, J. H. Lee et al., "Detection of intracranial atherosclerotic steno-occlusive disease with 3D time-of- ... This case is the first report of FHVs in a patient without intra- or extracranial arterial occlusive diseases. Even if acute ... can be seen in ischemic stroke patients with arterial occlusion or significant stenosis and in patients with cerebral arterial ... b) Occlusion of intracranial arteries is not observed on MR angiography. (c) The anteroposterior chest X-ray shows a wide heart ...
Therefore, stroke includes arterial stroke and venous stroke. Arterial stroke is currently the main subtype of stroke, and ... Arterial stroke is currently the main subtype of stroke, and research on this type has gradually improved. Venous thrombosis, ... The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical features of arterial and venous stroke and ... The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical features of arterial and venous thrombosis ...
Secondary applications include intra cranial monitoring, peripheral vascular diseases, gastroenterology, tumour monitoring, ... Among the many disorders that are diagnosed using this technique some are arterial occlusions, micro and macro diabetes ... Rising cases of cardiovascular diseases along with diabetic epidemic and augmenting geriatric population, influx of VC funding ... By Application: Non-Invasive Applications (Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Gastroenterology, Tumour Monitoring, Other Non- ...
Observational studies have shown associations between coffee and tea consumption and risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA). ... Summary information for intracranial aneurysms was obtained from the ISGC Cerebrovascular Disease Knowledge Portal. ... Intracranial aneurysms and arterial hypertension: a review and hypothesis. Surg Neurol. 2000;53:530-40. ... Zhang, Z., Wang, M., Yuan, S. et al. Genetically predicted coffee and tea consumption and risk of intracranial aneurysm. Eur J ...
Symptomatic intracranial arterial disease: Incidence, natural history, diagnosis, and management. Vellimana, A. K., Ford, A. L. ... Evolution of Elective Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment. Lauzier, D. C., Cler, S. J., Vellimana, A. K., Osbun, J. W., Chatterjee ... Intracranial hemorrhage from dural arteriovenous fistulas: Clinical features and outcome. Daniels, D. J., Vellimana, A. K., ...
Since CPP is influenced by both intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure, long term changes in either can lead to auto ... CA is known to be impaired in diseases like traumatic brain injury, Parkinsons disease, stroke, hydrocephalus and others. If ... Six patients achieved pCR (RCB-0) and the other half had extensive residual disease (RCB-III). Baseline SO2% in contralateral ... Mean arterial pressure oscillations were induced with cyclic thigh cuff inflations at a super-systolic pressure. The ...
Small vessel disease was the most common stroke etiology for single small lacunar lesion while large artery atherosclerosis was ... There was no significant difference between the three groups as regard presence of significant intracranial stenosis in ... 26. Holmstedt, C.A., Turan, T.N. and Chimowitz, M.I. (2013) Atherosclerotic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: Risk Factors, ... of all deaths in Egypt and thus ranks 3rd after heart diseases and liver diseases [4] . Prognosis and clinical outcome after ...
Using arterial spin labeling to measure cerebrovascular reactivity in Moyamoya disease: Insights from simultaneous PET/MRI. ... Here, we investigate the change in hemodynamics 4-12 months after extracranial-to-intracranial direct bypass in 52 Moyamoya ... Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a quantitative MRI technique that can measure CBF, CVR, and arterial transit time (ATT) non- ... Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive technique for CBF, CVR, and arterial transit time (ATT) measurements. ...
The association of periodontitis and peripheral arterial occlusive disease- A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(12): ... 60 years across categories of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Variable. Total series (n=581) No ICAD (n=376) ICAD ... Information on the association between tooth loss and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is limited. Here, we aimed to ... Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease: the first national health and nutrition examination survey and its ...
intracranial arterial disease DOID:13089 * dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy DOID:0060162 * functionless pituitary adenoma ... A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. Embeddings are ...
Keywords: Cerebral Arterial Diseases; Infarct; Intracranial Arterial Diseases; Movement Disorder; Moyamoya Disease ... Suzuki J and Takaku A. "Cerebrovascular "Moyamoya" Disease: Disease Showing Abnormal Net-Like Vessels in Base of Brain". JAMA ... Familial Presentation of Moyamoya Disease in India Siddharth Maheshwari1*, Monali Chaturvedi2, Suman Kushwaha1 and Aldrin ... Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive arteriopathy involving the cerebral vessels and is one of the rare causes of young ...
Challenges associated with peripheral arterial disease in women. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2014; 10: 115-128 ... The purpose of this analysis was to assess potential predictors of intra-cranial bleeding (ICB) and gastrointestinal bleeding ( ... 17 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Peripheral arterial disease: diagnosis and management (CG147); ... Cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients with peripheral arterial disease treated with ticagrelor compared ...
Intermittent Claudication see Peripheral Arterial Disease. *Intracranial Aneurysm see Brain Aneurysm. *Iron Deficiency Anemia ... Cardiovascular Diseases see Heart Diseases; Vascular Diseases. *Carotid Artery Disease. *Carotid Endarterectomy see Carotid ...
... and cerebrovascular disease including arterial ischemic stroke or intracranial haemorrhage  Progressive neurologic disorders ... Stroke and other vascular diseases - Stroke and other blood vessel (vascular) diseases can lead to brain damage that may ... 3. Social isolation related to low-self against the disease state, and the bad stigma against epilepsy in the community.  4. ... 7. Anxiety related to lack of knowledge about the disease.  8. Risk for Ineffective cerebral Tissue Perfusion related to ...
... inflammatory disease and neuro-oncology.. *Brain Monitoring. Neurosurgical pathophysiology, intracranial pressure and arterial ... From the clinical perspective, the following diseases and disease states are targeted:. *Intracranial aneurysms and ... From the clinical perspective, the following diseases and disease states are targeted:. *Intracranial aneurysms and ... inflammatory disease and neuro-oncology.. *Brain Monitoring. Neurosurgical pathophysiology, intracranial pressure and arterial ...
Management of Intracranial Stenosis. 29. Counseling and Management of Patients with Intracranial Atherosclerosis Disease. 30. ... Neurovascular Carotid and Vertebral Arterial Dissection and Blunt Vessel Injury. 38. Moyamoya Disease: Indications for ... Role for Intra-arterial Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. 32. Evolution of Thrombectomy Approaches, Philosophy, and Devices ... 8. Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: Strategies for Surgical Trapping and Cerebral Revascularization. 9. Microsurgical Treatment ...
Platelet-mediated thrombosis causes both coronary arterial disease (CAD) and stroke, the first and fifth most. common causes of ... intracranial hemorrhage. The scope of this problem is enormous. More than 50 million US citizens have been. prescribed aspirin ... and inhibit arterial thrombosis are available, but they can affect people differently and therefore personalized. monitoring of ... more deaths in the United States than any other single disease process. Drugs that block the activity of platelets. ...
Clinical interpretation of high-resolution vessel wall MRI of intracranial arterial diseases. Br J Radiol 2016;89:20160496.. ... Confirm the presence of intracranial large artery occlusions and exclude uncommon cerebral arterial diseases such as dissection ... Keywords: Intracranial arteriosclerosis; Intracranial thrombosis; Intracranial embolism; Endovascular procedures; Diagnosis; ... Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:993-1003.. ...
... in the majority of cases caused by a rupture of an arterial intracranial aneurysm. The effect of systemic low-grade ... or constitute an early risk marker for the disease. ... SAH is caused by a rupture of an arterial intracranial aneurysm ... Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, in the majority of cases caused by a rupture of an arterial ... White blood cell count and incidence of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke and mortality from cardiovascular disease in ...
Clinical interpretation of high-resolution vessel wall MRI of intracranial arterial diseases. Br J Radiol 2016;89:20160496. ... HR-MRI can also be used for differential diagnosis of other large-vessel intracranial arterial diseases [11,12,15]. ... Arterial dissection as a cause of intracranial stenosis in East Asians. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:2205-6.. ... However, intracranial stenosis can be caused by various diseases such as primary angiitis of the central nerve system (CNS) [11 ...
The term PAD is used to refer to the obstruction of blood flow in the arteries, but does not include coronary or intracranial ... With a prevalence of approximately 27 million people in Europe and North America, peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a critical ... PAD can result from atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombus formation or inflammatory processes leading to arterial stenosis or ... myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. The predicted increase in the prevalence of PAD will intensify the demands ...
Buergers disease] Presenile gangrene 443.2 Other arterial dissection Excludes: dissection of aorta (441.00-441.03) dissection ... 437.4 Cerebral arteritis 437.5 Moyamoya disease 437.6 Nonpyogenic thrombosis of intracranial venous sinus Excludes: pyogenic ( ... unspecified Ischemic heart disease NOS DISEASES OF PULMONARY CIRCULATION (415-417) 415 Acute pulmonary heart disease 415.0 ... The Disease Classification Alphabetical Index of Diseases Table of Drugs and Chemicals Index To External Causes of Injury (E ...
It is not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease. Always take the advice of professional health care for ... In cerebral aneurysm, localized dilation of a cerebral artery results from a weakness in the arterial wall. Its most common ... This may result in potentially fatal increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain tissue damage. Incidence is slightly ... Cerebral aneurysms usually arise at an arterial junction in the circle of Willis, the circular anastomosis forming the major ...
Despite maximal medical therapy, the stroke rate from this disease is still high, especially when arterial stenosis is severe ... Despite maximal medical therapy, the stroke rate from this disease is still high, especially when arterial stenosis is severe ... Despite maximal medical therapy, the stroke rate from this disease is still high, especially when arterial stenosis is severe ... Despite maximal medical therapy, the stroke rate from this disease is still high, especially when arterial stenosis is severe ...
  • Noninvasive imaging of asymptomatic brain aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and intracranial arterial stenosis became available. (hindawi.com)
  • The Wingspan intracranial stent is another therapeutic option but there are limited data on the technical success of stenting and outcome of patients with 70% to 99% stenosis treated with a Wingspan stent. (nih.gov)
  • A total of 129 patients with symptomatic 70% to 99% intracranial stenosis were enrolled. (nih.gov)
  • The use of a Wingspan stent in patients with severe intracranial stenosis is relatively safe with high rate of technical success with moderately high rate of restenosis. (nih.gov)
  • Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessels (FHVs) can be seen in ischemic stroke patients with arterial occlusion or significant stenosis and in patients with cerebral arterial occlusion but without infarction, such as those with moyamoya disease [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There was no significant difference between the three groups as regard presence of significant intracranial stenosis in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (scirp.org)
  • ICAD was identified by CT determinations of high calcium content in the carotid siphons or MRA findings of significant stenosis of intracranial arteries. (gob.ec)
  • intracranial artery stenosis. (gob.ec)
  • A in Various Phenotypes of Intracranial Major Artery Stenosis/Occlusion. (riken.jp)
  • Identification of a genetic variant common to moyamoya disease and intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion. (riken.jp)
  • However, these thrombectomy devises are primarily designed for recanalization of the occluded artery by removing an embolus [ 9 - 11 ], and recanalization may not be sufficiently achieved if a significant stenosis, related to intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), is present at the occlusion site [ 12 ]. (j-stroke.org)
  • Results: We found intracranial arterial abnormalities in 13/21 patients (62 %), of whom: 2/21 patients (9.5 %) showed an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (respectively 2 and 4 mm), 10/21 (47 %) had a vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) and 1/21 a basilar artery fenestration. (unime.it)
  • There are several causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm, but the most common results from atherosclerotic disease. (mountsinai.org)
  • Observational studies have shown associations between coffee and tea consumption and risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA). (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Association of genetically predicted coffee consumption with intracranial aneurysm. (nature.com)
  • Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, in the majority of cases caused by a rupture of an arterial intracranial aneurysm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Posterior circulation ischemic stroke is a clinical syndrome that is classically defined by infarction occurring within the vascular territory supplied by the vertebrobasilar arterial system. (scirp.org)
  • Special sections address use of antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapy after an intracranial hemorrhage and implementation of guidelines. (nih.gov)
  • Thrombosis also form in cerebral venous, which is termed as cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT), a particular type of cerebrovascular disease, characterized by intracerebral hemorrhage and infarction, associated with increased intracranial pressure due to cerebrospinal fluid absorption and cerebral venous drainage, accounting for 0.5-1% of strokes ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage, including neuro-intensive surveillance and outcome. (ous-research.no)
  • On the other hand, over-dosing can lead to increased bleeding risk including fatal intracranial hemorrhage. (sbir.gov)
  • Since the feature of RCVS is a reversible cerebral arterial vasospasm, it can cause various brain lesions including subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and even ischemic strokes [ 1 , 2 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Brain computed tomography showed no evidence of intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Recommendations are also provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of specific circumstances, including aortic arch atherosclerosis, arterial dissection, patent foramen ovale, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercoagulable states, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, sickle cell disease, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • Small vessel disease was the most common stroke etiology for single small lacunar lesion while large artery atherosclerosis was associated with single large lesion and multiple lesions in the posterior circulation. (scirp.org)
  • According to the current paradigm, atherosclerosis is not a bland cholesterol storage disease, as previously thought, but a dynamic, chronic, inflammatory condition due to a response to endothelial injury. (medscape.com)
  • Intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion (ICAS-O) is frequently encountered at the time of endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT), especially in Asian countries. (j-stroke.org)
  • Absence of arterial occlusion on admission (28.4%) and arterial recanalisation at 24 h were associated with CI. (bmj.com)
  • Main causes of clinical deterioration included symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), persistent occlusion and cerebral oedema. (bmj.com)
  • a Korean study reported that around 15% of ICAS-related occlusions (ICAS-O) are found in patients with intracranial artery occlusion in anterior circulation [ 14 ]. (j-stroke.org)
  • In addition Levy is co-chair of CycleNation for the American Heart Association raising over $500,000 geared towards prevention and education of stroke and heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiographic results are commonly used as surrogate markers of the success of intra-arterial therapies for acute stroke. (ajnr.org)
  • Stroke is caused not only by arterial thrombosis but also by cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Arterial stroke is currently the main subtype of stroke, and research on this type has gradually improved. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment heterogeneity of venous thrombosis and compares it with arterial stroke. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular pathological hallmarks of arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Decreased CVR is associated with a higher stroke risk in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. (stanford.edu)
  • Platelet-mediated thrombosis causes both coronary arterial disease (CAD) and stroke, the first and fifth most common causes of mortality in the US. (sbir.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical features of arterial and venous thrombosis and to provide guidance for further research on the pathophysiological mechanism, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • To date, there are more extensive and comprehensive studies on arterial thrombosis, with few clinical and basic studies on venous thrombosis, which greatly limits our understanding of venous thrombosis and the development of related drugs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Blood platelets contribute to arterial thrombosis, which causes heart attacks and strokes and is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other single disease process. (sbir.gov)
  • Drugs that block the activity of platelets and inhibit arterial thrombosis are available, but they can affect people differently and therefore personalized monitoring of antiplatelet agents is highly desirable. (sbir.gov)
  • Comparison of the event rates in high-risk patients in Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) vs this registry do not rule out either that stenting could be associated with a substantial relative risk reduction (e.g., 50%) or has no advantage compared with medical therapy. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this analysis was to assess potential predictors of intra-cranial bleeding (ICB) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) in UK primary care. (thieme-connect.com)
  • 4 Cea Soriano L, Fowkes FGR, Johansson S, Allum AM, García Rodriguez LA. Cardiovascular outcomes for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a cohort study in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the UK. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Symptomatic recurrence of intracranial arterial dissections: follow-up study of 143 consecutive cases and pathological investigation. (riken.jp)
  • Cerebral endothelial dysfunction is mentioned in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Neurosurgical pathophysiology, intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure dynamics. (ous-research.no)
  • Pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in relation to neurosurgical diseases. (ous-research.no)
  • Pathophysiology of CNS diseases with CSF disturbance: Hydrocephalus. (ous-research.no)
  • Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)
  • We compared differences in perfusion computed tomography (PCT)-derived arterial and venous cerebral blood flow (CBF) in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an indication of changes in cerebral venous outflow patterns referenced to arterial inflow. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arterial and venous CBF was measured by PCT in both the middle cerebral arteries (CBFmca) and the upper sagittal sinus (CBFuss). (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusions: The increasing severity of TBI is accompanied by an impairment of the correlation between the arterial and venous CBF in the supratentorial vessels suggesting shifting in arterial and venous CBF in severe TBI associated with increased ICP reflected by PRx. (bvsalud.org)
  • In ES, the severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), low cardiac output and chronic cyanosis result in a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement, increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. (bmj.com)
  • While revascularization can improve CVR and reduce this risk in adult patients with vasculopathy such as those with Moyamoya disease, its impact on hemodynamics in pediatric patients remains to be elucidated. (stanford.edu)
  • Among the notable complications of direct hemodynamic reconstruction for moyamoya disease (MMD) is cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS). (bvsalud.org)
  • Background and objectives: Pompe disease is a rare metabolic disorder due to lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency. (unime.it)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid diseases and role of cerebrospinal fluid in metabolic function of central nervous system, particularly in neurodegeneration and dementia, CSF disturbances, vascular disease and cerebral bleeds, inflammatory disease and neuro-oncology. (ous-research.no)
  • Intracranial atherosclerotic disease and severe tooth loss and in community-dwelling older adults. (gob.ec)
  • Information on the association between tooth loss and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is limited. (gob.ec)
  • Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease as an initial or subsequent manifestation of atherosclerotic disease: results from a Swedish nationwide study. (thieme-connect.com)
  • ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). (thieme-connect.com)
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked RRBP1 (ribosomal-binding protein 1) genetic variants to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and serum lipoprotein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report a patient with FHVs reflecting slow intracranial blood flow due to severe heart failure. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we aimed to assess whether non-traumatic severe tooth loss - as a surrogate for chronic inflammatory periodontal disease - is associated with ICAD in a cohort of older adults (aged ≥60 years) living in rural Ecuador. (gob.ec)
  • Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by sudden onset severe headache with or without focal neurologic deficits and is accompanied by segmental or multifocal intracranial arterial vasospasms that resolve within 3 months. (pfmjournal.org)
  • With the improvement of the technique, the hemodynamic rooms, and the devices for the treatment of vascular diseases, the technique was consolidated all over Brazil. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. (reference.md)
  • Blood flow rate or the amount of blood through cross section of blood vessel per unit time finds usage in the diagnosis of diseases and disorders. (marketdataforecast.com)
  • Among the many disorders that are diagnosed using this technique some are arterial occlusions, micro and macro diabetes complications and other peripheral vascular conditions. (marketdataforecast.com)
  • It is integrated by highly qualified specialists in the patient care and research of the most frequent pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, Alzheimer's and other dementias, epilepsy, headaches, brain tumours, sleep disorders, ALS and multiple sclerosis and cerebrovascular diseases. (cun.es)
  • Female sex, no hyperlipaemia and peripheral arterial disease were associated with CW. (bmj.com)
  • Secondary prevention and mortality in peripheral artery disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999 to 2004. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients with peripheral arterial disease treated with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel: data from the PLATO Trial. (thieme-connect.com)
  • 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. (thieme-connect.com)
  • More than 50 million US citizens have been prescribed aspirin and/or clopidogrel for cardiovascular disease. (sbir.gov)
  • Cerebral autoregulation maintains constant blood flow (CBF) through the brain in spite of changing mean arterial pressure [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We have the most advanced technology for accurate diagnosis with cutting-edge technology such as 3Teslas high-field magnetic resonance, SPECT and brain PET, video-EEG monitoring, sleep studies, extra and intracranial arterial Doppler ultrasound. (cun.es)
  • In cases of cerebrovascular disease and intractable epilepsy where such neurosurgery is essential for treatment, tissue (vascular and brain tissue) is obtained that is removed for treatment during surgery. (riken.jp)
  • OBJECTIVES: Arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion MRI is one of the available advanced MRI techniques for brain tumour surveillance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intracranial and extra cranial aneurysms and cardiac valvular defects are other common cardiovascular manifestations in patients with ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Because repeated laryngoscopies could increase intracranial and arterial blood pressure through sympathetic stimulation, we excluded patients with poor physical condition, hypertension, Ischemic heart disease, raised intracranial tension and respiratory distress. (ispub.com)
  • Do not prescribe Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol/Levomefolate Calcium and Levomefolate Calcium for women with uncontrolled hypertension or hypertension with vascular disease. (nih.gov)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. (ous-research.no)
  • The effect of hypertension on the progression to end-stage renal disease makes it the most important potentially treatable risk factor in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Second, we utilized pulsatile blood flow oscillations in cerebral arteries to estimate the critical closing pressure (CrCP), i.e., the arterial blood pressure at which CBF approaches zero. (spie.org)
  • The aim of this study was to define the presence and type of intracranial arterial abnormalities in a cohort of late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients. (unime.it)
  • For the total cohort of 126 infants, indices of disease severity (oxygenation index, alveolar-arterial O 2 gradient, mean airway pressure) did not correlate with outcome measures. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • As a result, the system showed relative changes of the flow during the arterial perfusion periods. (spie.org)
  • Furthermore, there is increased risk of infections, including endocarditis and intracranial abscess. (bmj.com)
  • A portfolio of 148 pre- and post treatment images of 37 cases of proximal anterior circulation occlusions was electronically sent to 12 expert observers who were asked to grade treatment outcomes according to recanalization (of arterial occlusive lesion) or reperfusion (TICI) scales. (ajnr.org)
  • A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. (edu.sa)
  • It is considered as a multi-systemic disease since,although glycogen accumulation is largely prominent in heart, skeletal and respiratory muscles, other organs can also be affected. (unime.it)
  • The results support the view that low-grade systemic inflammation could be involved in the pathogenesis of SAH, or constitute an early risk marker for the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He develops cutting-edge and clinically viable imaging technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases across the lifespan. (stanford.edu)
  • Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors. (nature.com)
  • Here, we showcase the utility and potential of high-speed measurements of blood flow (and arterial blood pressure) in a few clinical applications. (spie.org)
  • For GIB (506 cases), the OR was 1.40 (1.05-1.86) for peptic ulcer disease, 3.20 (1.81-5.64) for dual anti-platelet therapy use, 1.96 (1.46-2.64) for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and 1.01 (0.80-1.28) for proton pump inhibitor use. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Chemoregulation is in direct correlation to the serum level of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [ 8 ] and is, contrary to mechanoregulation, independent of changes in mean arterial pressure. (hindawi.com)
  • Invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP). (ous-research.no)
  • Intracranial pressure reactivity (PRx) and CBFuss were correlated (p = 0.00014). (bvsalud.org)
  • Blood-pool agents provide superior demonstration of most intracranial vessels in time-resolved MRA compared with standard agents, at reduced doses. (ajnr.org)
  • Congenital disease occurs in 1 per 4000 neonates in North America and Western Europe. (medscape.com)
  • The Department of Neurology has a wealth of experience in the diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of neurological diseases. (cun.es)