Intracranial Arterial Diseases
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Intermittent Claudication
Ankle Brachial Index
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Lower Extremity
Brachial Artery
Tibial Arteries
Ischemia
Walking
Advances in non-invasive imaging of intracranial vascular disease. (1/46)
Intra-arterial catheter angiography has, in the past, been the mainstay for the investigation of intracranial vascular disease. It is, however, invasive, usually requires in-patients admission, and is associated with a rate of neurological complications between 1% and 3%. In recent years, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and CT angiography (CTA) have emerged as non-invasive alternatives for imaging blood vessels and have made a significant impact on neuroradiological investigations. It is the purpose of this article to explain the basic technical principles of these two methods and to give an overview of their current clinical applications. (+info)Cerebral vascular hamartomas in five dogs. (2/46)
Vascular hamartomas are considered developmental lesions rather than true neoplasms. Reports of such anomalies in the canine brain are scarce, and their classification is confusing. This case series of vascular hamartomas from the brains of five dogs was characterized using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, in addition to gross and microscopic findings. All five hamartomas were located in the telencephalon, three in the pyriform lobe, without any predilection for the left or right side. Each hamartoma consisted of a proliferation of thin-walled vessels which varied in caliber. These vessels were elastin-negative, with varying amounts of collagen and no muscular component. In four of the five hamartomas, lining cells were actin- and factor VIII-positive. All five hamartomas contained glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive parenchyma at moderate to high frequency, and four contained neurofilament-positive axons between component vessels. This report shows that vascular hamartomas in the canine brain are structural malformations for which immunohistochemistry is useful for accurate classification. (+info)Sudden deafness and anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction. (3/46)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute ischemic stroke in the distribution of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is known to be associated with vertigo, nystagmus, facial weakness, and gait ataxia. Few reports have carefully examined the deafness associated with the AICA infarction. Furthermore, previous neurological reports have not emphasized the inner ear as a localization of sudden deafness. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of deafness associated with the AICA infarction and the sites predominantly involved in deafness. METHODS: Over 2 years, we prospectively identified 12 consecutive patients with unilateral AICA infarction diagnosed by brain MRI. Pure-tone audiogram, speech discrimination testing, stapedial reflex testing, and auditory brainstem response were performed to localize the site of lesion in the auditory pathways. Electronystagmography was also performed to evaluate the function of the vestibular system. RESULTS: The most common affected site on brain MRI was the middle cerebellar peduncle (n=11). Four patients had vertigo and/or acute auditory symptoms such as hearing loss or tinnitus as an isolated manifestation from 1 day to 2 months before infarction. Audiological testings confirmed sensorineural hearing loss in 11 patients (92%), predominantly cochlear in 6 patients, retrocochlear in 1 patient, and combined on the affected side cochlear and retrocochlear in 4 patients. Electronystagmography demonstrated no response to caloric stimulation in 10 patients (83%). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, sudden deafness was an important sign for the diagnosis of AICA infarction. Audiological examinations suggest that sudden deafness in AICA infarction is usually due to dysfunction of the cochlea resulting from ischemia to the inner ear. (+info)C-reactive protein predicts further ischemic events in first-ever transient ischemic attack or stroke patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. (4/46)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of inflammation in intracranial large-artery occlusive disease is unclear. We sought to investigate the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the risk of further ischemic events in first-ever transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. METHODS: Of a total of 127 consecutive first-ever TIA or ischemic stroke patients with intracranial stenoses detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, 71 fulfilled all inclusion criteria, which included angiographic confirmation. Serum high-sensitivity CRP level was determined a minimum of 3 months after the qualifying event. Patients were followed up during 1 year after blood sampling. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (18.3%) with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease experienced an end point event: 9 cerebral ischemic events, 7 of which were attributable to intracranial large-artery occlusive disease, and 4 myocardial infarctions. Patients in the highest quintile of high-sensitivity CRP level had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio for new events compared with those in the first quintile (odds ratio, 8.66; 95% CI, 1.39 to 53.84; P=0.01). A high-sensitivity CRP level above the receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value of 1.41 mg/dL emerged as an independent predictor of new end point events (hazard ratio, 7.14; 95% CI, 1.77 to 28.73; P=0.005) and of further intracranial large-artery occlusive disease-related ischemic events (hazard ratio, 30.67; 95% CI, 3.6 to 255.5; P=0.0015), after adjustment for age, sex, and risk factors. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a significantly lower proportion of patients with a high-sensitivity CRP >1.41 mg/dL remained free of a new ischemic event (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: High-sensitivity CRP serum level predicts further intracranial large-artery occlusive disease-related and any major ischemic events in patients with first-ever TIA or stroke with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation may be involved in the progression and complication of intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. (+info)Recurrent thromboembolism in infants and children suffering from symptomatic neonatal arterial stroke: a prospective follow-up study. (5/46)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was performed to evaluate the rate of recurrent symptomatic thromboembolism with respect to prothrombotic risk factors and underlying clinical conditions. METHODS: In a series of 215 consecutively enrolled neonates with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), the factor V G1691A mutation, factor II G20210A variant, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) T677T genotype, lipoprotein (Lp) (a), antithrombin, protein C, protein S, and anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were investigated. Patient median follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 1 to 8 years). RESULTS: During follow-up, 7 infants and children (3.3%) showed recurrent symptomatic thromboembolism (AIS, n=4; venous sinus thrombosis, n=2; deep vein thrombosis of the leg, n=1). The factor V mutation, factor II variant, elevated Lp(a) >30 mg/dL, protein C deficiency, and protein S or antithrombin deficiency were associated with first stroke onset. In 5 of 7 cases (71.4%), prothrombotic risk factors [MTHFR T677T, elevated Lp(a), hyperhomocysteinemia, protein C deficiency] were involved at the time of recurrence. Furthermore, a second thromboembolic event was triggered additionally by underlying diseases (71%), eg, cardiac malformation and immobilization, diarrhea, mastoiditis, and moyamoya syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Data shown here give evidence that symptomatic recurrent thromboembolism is not common in children with neonatal AIS. The risk of a second event, however, is increased when underlying diseases occur and prothrombotic risk factors are involved. (+info)Yield and accuracy of urgent combined carotid/transcranial ultrasound testing in acute cerebral ischemia. (6/46)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We routinely perform an urgent bedside neurovascular ultrasound examination (NVUE) with carotid/vertebral duplex and transcranial Doppler (TCD) in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. We aimed to determine the yield and accuracy of NVUE to identify lesions amenable for interventional treatment (LAITs). METHODS: NVUE was performed with portable carotid duplex and TCD using standardized fast-track (<15 minutes) insonation protocols. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was the gold standard for identifying LAIT. These lesions were defined as proximal intra- or extracranial occlusions, near-occlusions, > or =50% stenoses or thrombus in the symptomatic artery. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty patients (70 women, mean age 66+/-15 years) underwent NVUE at median 128 minutes after symptom onset. Fifty-four patients (36%) received intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 14, range 4 to 29; 81% had NIHSS > or =10 points). NVUE demonstrated LAITs in 98% of patients eligible for thrombolysis, 76% of acute stroke patients ineligible for thrombolysis (n=63), and 42% in patients with transient ischemic attack (n=33), P<0.001. Urgent DSA was performed in 30 patients on average 230 minutes after NVUE. Compared with DSA, NVUE predicted LAIT presence with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, although individual accuracy parameters for TCD and carotid duplex specific to occlusion location ranged 75% to 96% because of the presence of tandem lesions and 10% rate of no temporal windows. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside neurovascular ultrasound examination, combining carotid/vertebral duplex with TCD yields a substantial proportion of LAITs in excellent agreement with urgent DSA. (+info)Predictors of ischemic stroke in the territory of a symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. (7/46)
BACKGROUND: Antithrombotic therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis was recently evaluated in the Warfarin versus Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial. A prespecified aim of WASID was to identify patients at highest risk for stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery who would be the target group for a subsequent trial comparing intracranial stenting with medical therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: WASID was a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter trial involving 569 patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke due to 50% to 99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery. Median time from qualifying event to randomization was 17 days, and mean follow-up was 1.8 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with subsequent ischemic stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery. Subsequent ischemic stroke occurred in 106 patients (19.0%); 77 (73%) of these strokes were in the territory of the stenotic artery. Risk of stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery was highest with severe stenosis > or =70% (hazard ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 3.22; P=0.0025) and in patients enrolled early (< or =17 days) after the qualifying event (hazard ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.72; P=0.028). Women were also at increased risk, although this was of borderline significance (hazard ratio 1.59; 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 2.55; P=0.051). Location of stenosis, type of qualifying event, and prior use of antithrombotic medications were not associated with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis, the risk of subsequent stroke in the territory of the stenotic artery is greatest with stenosis > or =70%, after recent symptoms, and in women. (+info)The archetypal R90C CADASIL-NOTCH3 mutation retains NOTCH3 function in vivo. (8/46)
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most prominent known cause of inherited stroke and vascular dementia in human adult. The disease gene, NOTCH3, encodes a transmembrane receptor primarily expressed in arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Pathogenic mutations lead to an odd number of cysteine residues within the NOTCH3 extracellular domain (NOTCH3(ECD)), and are associated with progressive accumulation of NOTCH3(ECD) at the SMC plasma membrane. The murine homolog, Notch3, is dispensable for viability but required post-natally for the elaboration and maintenance of arteries. How CADASIL-associated mutations impact NOTCH3 function remains a fundamental, yet unresolved issue. Particularly, whether NOTCH3(ECD) accumulation may titrate the ligand and inhibit the normal pathway is unknown. Herein, using genetic analyses in the mouse, we assessed the functional significance of an archetypal CADASIL-associated mutation (R90C), in vivo, in brain arteries. We show that transgenic mouse lines expressing either the wild-type human NOTCH3 or the mutant R90C human NOTCH3, at comparable and physiological levels, can rescue the arterial defects of Notch3-/- mice to similar degrees. In vivo assessment of NOTCH3/RBP-Jk activity provides evidence that the mutant NOTCH3 protein exhibits normal level of activity in brain arteries. Remarkably, the mutant NOTCH3 protein remains functional and does not exhibit dominant negative interfering activity, even when NOTCH3(ECD) accumulates. Collectively, these data suggest a model that invokes novel pathogenic roles for the mutant NOTCH3 protein rather than compromised NOTCH3 function as the primary determinant of the CADASIL arteriopathy. (+info)Intracranial arterial diseases refer to conditions that affect the blood vessels within the brain. These diseases can include stenosis (narrowing) or occlusion (blockage) of the intracranial arteries, aneurysms (bulging or weakened areas in the artery wall), and vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessel walls).
These conditions can lead to serious complications such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA or "mini-stroke"), bleeding in the brain, and cognitive decline. Risk factors for intracranial arterial diseases include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, and a history of heart disease.
Diagnosis of intracranial arterial diseases may involve imaging tests such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomographic angiography (CTA), or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Treatment options may include medications to manage risk factors, endovascular procedures such as angioplasty and stenting, or surgical intervention in some cases.
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries that supply blood to the extremities, most commonly the legs. This results in reduced blood flow, leading to symptoms such as leg pain, cramping, numbness, or weakness during physical activity, and in severe cases, tissue damage or gangrene. PAD is often indicative of widespread atherosclerosis, which is the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques. It's important to note that early detection and management can help prevent serious complications.
Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain. These diseases are characterized by a narrowing or blockage of the peripheral arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs.
The primary cause of PVD is atherosclerosis, a buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the walls of the arteries, forming plaques that restrict blood flow. Other risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and a family history of vascular disease.
Symptoms of PVD can vary depending on the severity of the condition but may include leg pain or cramping during exercise (claudication), numbness or tingling in the legs, coldness or discoloration of the feet, sores or wounds that heal slowly or not at all, and in severe cases, gangrene.
PVD can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, so it is essential to diagnose and treat the condition as early as possible. Treatment options include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy diet, medications to control symptoms and reduce the risk of complications, and surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow.
Intermittent claudication is a medical condition characterized by pain or cramping in the legs, usually in the calf muscles, that occurs during exercise or walking and is relieved by rest. This symptom is caused by insufficient blood flow to the working muscles due to peripheral artery disease (PAD), a narrowing or blockage of the arteries in the limbs. As the individual walks, the muscle demands for oxygen and nutrients increase, but the restricted blood supply cannot meet these demands, leading to ischemia (lack of oxygen) and pain. The pain typically subsides after a few minutes of rest, as the muscle's demand for oxygen decreases, allowing the limited blood flow to compensate. Regular exercise and medications may help improve symptoms and reduce the risk of complications associated with PAD.
The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a medical test used to diagnose and evaluate peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels outside of the heart. The ABI measures the ratio of blood pressure in the ankles to the blood pressure in the arms, which can indicate whether there is reduced blood flow to the legs due to PAD.
To perform the test, healthcare professionals measure the blood pressure in both arms and ankles using a blood pressure cuff and a Doppler ultrasound device. The systolic blood pressure (the higher number) is used for the calculation. The ABI value is obtained by dividing the highest ankle pressure by the highest arm pressure.
In healthy individuals, the ABI values typically range from 0.9 to 1.3. Values below 0.9 suggest that there may be narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the legs, indicating PAD. The lower the ABI value, the more severe the blockage is likely to be. Additionally, an ABI of 1.4 or higher may indicate calcification of the arteries, which can also affect blood flow.
In summary, the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a medical test that measures the ratio of blood pressure in the ankles to the blood pressure in the arms, providing valuable information about peripheral artery disease and overall circulatory health.
The ankle, also known as the talocrural region, is the joint between the leg and the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements. The ankle is composed of three bones: the tibia and fibula of the lower leg, and the talus of the foot. The bottom portion of the tibia and fibula, called the malleoli, form a mortise that surrounds and articulates with the talus.
The ankle joint is strengthened by several ligaments, including the medial (deltoid) ligament and lateral ligament complex. The ankle also contains important nerves and blood vessels that provide sensation and circulation to the foot.
Damage to the ankle joint, such as sprains or fractures, can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Proper care and rehabilitation are essential for maintaining the health and function of the ankle joint.
Arterial occlusive diseases are medical conditions characterized by the blockage or narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to a reduction in blood flow to various parts of the body. This reduction in blood flow can cause tissue damage and may result in serious complications such as tissue death (gangrene), organ dysfunction, or even death.
The most common cause of arterial occlusive diseases is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of the artery walls. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. Other causes of arterial occlusive diseases include blood clots, emboli (tiny particles that travel through the bloodstream and lodge in smaller vessels), inflammation, trauma, and certain inherited conditions.
Symptoms of arterial occlusive diseases depend on the location and severity of the blockage. Common symptoms include:
* Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the affected limb, often triggered by exercise and relieved by rest (claudication)
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb
* Coldness or discoloration of the skin in the affected area
* Slow-healing sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs
* Erectile dysfunction in men
Treatment for arterial occlusive diseases may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. Medications to lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, prevent blood clots, or manage pain may also be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.
The term "lower extremity" is used in the medical field to refer to the portion of the human body that includes the structures below the hip joint. This includes the thigh, lower leg, ankle, and foot. The lower extremities are responsible for weight-bearing and locomotion, allowing individuals to stand, walk, run, and jump. They contain many important structures such as bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels.
In medical terms, the leg refers to the lower portion of the human body that extends from the knee down to the foot. It includes the thigh (femur), lower leg (tibia and fibula), foot, and ankle. The leg is primarily responsible for supporting the body's weight and enabling movements such as standing, walking, running, and jumping.
The leg contains several important structures, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, and joints. These structures work together to provide stability, support, and mobility to the lower extremity. Common medical conditions that can affect the leg include fractures, sprains, strains, infections, peripheral artery disease, and neurological disorders.
The brachial artery is a major blood vessel in the upper arm. It supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues of the arm, forearm, and hand. The brachial artery originates from the axillary artery at the level of the shoulder joint and runs down the medial (inner) aspect of the arm, passing through the cubital fossa (the depression on the anterior side of the elbow) where it can be palpated during a routine blood pressure measurement. At the lower end of the forearm, the brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries, which further divide into smaller vessels to supply the hand and fingers.
The tibial arteries are three major arteries that supply blood to the lower leg and foot. They are branches of the popliteal artery, which is a continuation of the femoral artery. The three tibial arteries are:
1. Anterior tibial artery: This artery runs down the front of the leg and supplies blood to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg, as well as to the foot. It becomes the dorsalis pedis artery as it approaches the ankle.
2. Posterior tibial artery: This artery runs down the back of the leg and supplies blood to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg. It then branches into the fibular (peroneal) artery and the medial and lateral plantar arteries, which supply blood to the foot.
3. Fibular (peroneal) artery: This artery runs down the outside of the leg and supplies blood to the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg. It also provides branches that anastomose with the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, forming a network of vessels that helps ensure adequate blood flow to the foot.
Together, these arteries play a critical role in providing oxygenated blood and nutrients to the lower leg and foot, helping to maintain their health and function.
Ischemia is the medical term used to describe a lack of blood flow to a part of the body, often due to blocked or narrowed blood vessels. This can lead to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients in the tissues, which can cause them to become damaged or die. Ischemia can affect many different parts of the body, including the heart, brain, legs, and intestines. Symptoms of ischemia depend on the location and severity of the blockage, but they may include pain, cramping, numbness, weakness, or coldness in the affected area. In severe cases, ischemia can lead to tissue death (gangrene) or organ failure. Treatment for ischemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the blocked blood flow, such as through medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Medical science often defines and describes "walking" as a form of locomotion or mobility where an individual repeatedly lifts and sets down each foot to move forward, usually bearing weight on both legs. It is a complex motor activity that requires the integration and coordination of various systems in the human body, including the musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular systems.
Walking involves several components such as balance, coordination, strength, and endurance. The ability to walk independently is often used as a measure of functional mobility and overall health status. However, it's important to note that the specific definition of walking may vary depending on the context and the medical or scientific field in question.
Amputation is defined as the surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity such as an arm, leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. This procedure is typically performed to remove damaged or dead tissue due to various reasons like severe injury, infection, tumors, or chronic conditions that impair circulation, such as diabetes or peripheral arterial disease. The goal of amputation is to alleviate pain, prevent further complications, and improve the patient's quality of life. Following the surgery, patients may require rehabilitation and prosthetic devices to help them adapt to their new physical condition.
Medical Definition:
"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.
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Stenosis11
- Noninvasive imaging of asymptomatic brain aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and intracranial arterial stenosis became available. (hindawi.com)
- The Wingspan intracranial stent is another therapeutic option but there are limited data on the technical success of stenting and outcome of patients with 70% to 99% stenosis treated with a Wingspan stent. (nih.gov)
- A total of 129 patients with symptomatic 70% to 99% intracranial stenosis were enrolled. (nih.gov)
- The use of a Wingspan stent in patients with severe intracranial stenosis is relatively safe with high rate of technical success with moderately high rate of restenosis. (nih.gov)
- Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessels (FHVs) can be seen in ischemic stroke patients with arterial occlusion or significant stenosis and in patients with cerebral arterial occlusion but without infarction, such as those with moyamoya disease [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- There was no significant difference between the three groups as regard presence of significant intracranial stenosis in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (scirp.org)
- ICAD was identified by CT determinations of high calcium content in the carotid siphons or MRA findings of significant stenosis of intracranial arteries. (gob.ec)
- intracranial artery stenosis. (gob.ec)
- A in Various Phenotypes of Intracranial Major Artery Stenosis/Occlusion. (riken.jp)
- Identification of a genetic variant common to moyamoya disease and intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion. (riken.jp)
- However, these thrombectomy devises are primarily designed for recanalization of the occluded artery by removing an embolus [ 9 - 11 ], and recanalization may not be sufficiently achieved if a significant stenosis, related to intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), is present at the occlusion site [ 12 ]. (j-stroke.org)
Aneurysm5
- Results: We found intracranial arterial abnormalities in 13/21 patients (62 %), of whom: 2/21 patients (9.5 %) showed an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (respectively 2 and 4 mm), 10/21 (47 %) had a vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) and 1/21 a basilar artery fenestration. (unime.it)
- There are several causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm, but the most common results from atherosclerotic disease. (mountsinai.org)
- Observational studies have shown associations between coffee and tea consumption and risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA). (nature.com)
- Fig. 2: Association of genetically predicted coffee consumption with intracranial aneurysm. (nature.com)
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, in the majority of cases caused by a rupture of an arterial intracranial aneurysm. (biomedcentral.com)
Atherosclerosis4
- Recommendations are also provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of specific circumstances, including aortic arch atherosclerosis, arterial dissection, patent foramen ovale, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercoagulable states, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, sickle cell disease, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and pregnancy. (nih.gov)
- Small vessel disease was the most common stroke etiology for single small lacunar lesion while large artery atherosclerosis was associated with single large lesion and multiple lesions in the posterior circulation. (scirp.org)
- According to the current paradigm, atherosclerosis is not a bland cholesterol storage disease, as previously thought, but a dynamic, chronic, inflammatory condition due to a response to endothelial injury. (medscape.com)
- Intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion (ICAS-O) is frequently encountered at the time of endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT), especially in Asian countries. (j-stroke.org)
Hemorrhage6
- Special sections address use of antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapy after an intracranial hemorrhage and implementation of guidelines. (nih.gov)
- Thrombosis also form in cerebral venous, which is termed as cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT), a particular type of cerebrovascular disease, characterized by intracerebral hemorrhage and infarction, associated with increased intracranial pressure due to cerebrospinal fluid absorption and cerebral venous drainage, accounting for 0.5-1% of strokes ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage, including neuro-intensive surveillance and outcome. (ous-research.no)
- On the other hand, over-dosing can lead to increased bleeding risk including fatal intracranial hemorrhage. (sbir.gov)
- Since the feature of RCVS is a reversible cerebral arterial vasospasm, it can cause various brain lesions including subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and even ischemic strokes [ 1 , 2 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
- Brain computed tomography showed no evidence of intracranial or extracranial hemorrhage. (pfmjournal.org)
Ischemic3
- Because repeated laryngoscopies could increase intracranial and arterial blood pressure through sympathetic stimulation, we excluded patients with poor physical condition, hypertension, Ischemic heart disease, raised intracranial tension and respiratory distress. (ispub.com)
- Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)
- Posterior circulation ischemic stroke is a clinical syndrome that is classically defined by infarction occurring within the vascular territory supplied by the vertebrobasilar arterial system. (scirp.org)
Occlusion3
- Absence of arterial occlusion on admission (28.4%) and arterial recanalisation at 24 h were associated with CI. (bmj.com)
- Main causes of clinical deterioration included symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), persistent occlusion and cerebral oedema. (bmj.com)
- a Korean study reported that around 15% of ICAS-related occlusions (ICAS-O) are found in patients with intracranial artery occlusion in anterior circulation [ 14 ]. (j-stroke.org)
Stroke8
- In addition Levy is co-chair of CycleNation for the American Heart Association raising over $500,000 geared towards prevention and education of stroke and heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiographic results are commonly used as surrogate markers of the success of intra-arterial therapies for acute stroke. (ajnr.org)
- Stroke is caused not only by arterial thrombosis but also by cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
- Arterial stroke is currently the main subtype of stroke, and research on this type has gradually improved. (frontiersin.org)
- This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment heterogeneity of venous thrombosis and compares it with arterial stroke. (frontiersin.org)
- The molecular pathological hallmarks of arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
- Decreased CVR is associated with a higher stroke risk in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. (stanford.edu)
- Platelet-mediated thrombosis causes both coronary arterial disease (CAD) and stroke, the first and fifth most common causes of mortality in the US. (sbir.gov)
Thrombosis4
- The purpose of this study was to review the pathophysiology mechanisms and clinical features of arterial and venous thrombosis and to provide guidance for further research on the pathophysiological mechanism, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
- To date, there are more extensive and comprehensive studies on arterial thrombosis, with few clinical and basic studies on venous thrombosis, which greatly limits our understanding of venous thrombosis and the development of related drugs. (frontiersin.org)
- Blood platelets contribute to arterial thrombosis, which causes heart attacks and strokes and is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other single disease process. (sbir.gov)
- Drugs that block the activity of platelets and inhibit arterial thrombosis are available, but they can affect people differently and therefore personalized monitoring of antiplatelet agents is highly desirable. (sbir.gov)
Symptomatic4
- Comparison of the event rates in high-risk patients in Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) vs this registry do not rule out either that stenting could be associated with a substantial relative risk reduction (e.g., 50%) or has no advantage compared with medical therapy. (nih.gov)
- The purpose of this analysis was to assess potential predictors of intra-cranial bleeding (ICB) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) in UK primary care. (thieme-connect.com)
- 4 Cea Soriano L, Fowkes FGR, Johansson S, Allum AM, García Rodriguez LA. Cardiovascular outcomes for patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a cohort study in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the UK. (thieme-connect.com)
- Symptomatic recurrence of intracranial arterial dissections: follow-up study of 143 consecutive cases and pathological investigation. (riken.jp)
Pathophysiology4
- Cerebral endothelial dysfunction is mentioned in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases. (hindawi.com)
- Neurosurgical pathophysiology, intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure dynamics. (ous-research.no)
- Pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in relation to neurosurgical diseases. (ous-research.no)
- Pathophysiology of CNS diseases with CSF disturbance: Hydrocephalus. (ous-research.no)
Peripheral8
- Mills JL, Zachary Sr, Pallister S. Peripheral arterial disease. (medlineplus.gov)
- Female sex, no hyperlipaemia and peripheral arterial disease were associated with CW. (bmj.com)
- Among the many disorders that are diagnosed using this technique some are arterial occlusions, micro and macro diabetes complications and other peripheral vascular conditions. (marketdataforecast.com)
- Secondary prevention and mortality in peripheral artery disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999 to 2004. (thieme-connect.com)
- Cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients with peripheral arterial disease treated with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel: data from the PLATO Trial. (thieme-connect.com)
- Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease as an initial or subsequent manifestation of atherosclerotic disease: results from a Swedish nationwide study. (thieme-connect.com)
- 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. (thieme-connect.com)
- ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). (thieme-connect.com)
Venous3
- We compared differences in perfusion computed tomography (PCT)-derived arterial and venous cerebral blood flow (CBF) in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an indication of changes in cerebral venous outflow patterns referenced to arterial inflow. (bvsalud.org)
- Arterial and venous CBF was measured by PCT in both the middle cerebral arteries (CBFmca) and the upper sagittal sinus (CBFuss). (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusions: The increasing severity of TBI is accompanied by an impairment of the correlation between the arterial and venous CBF in the supratentorial vessels suggesting shifting in arterial and venous CBF in severe TBI associated with increased ICP reflected by PRx. (bvsalud.org)
Pulmonary arterial hyp1
- In ES, the severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), low cardiac output and chronic cyanosis result in a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement, increased morbidity and mortality and poor quality of life. (bmj.com)
Moyamoya2
- While revascularization can improve CVR and reduce this risk in adult patients with vasculopathy such as those with Moyamoya disease, its impact on hemodynamics in pediatric patients remains to be elucidated. (stanford.edu)
- Among the notable complications of direct hemodynamic reconstruction for moyamoya disease (MMD) is cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS). (bvsalud.org)
Metabolic2
- Background and objectives: Pompe disease is a rare metabolic disorder due to lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency. (unime.it)
- Cerebrospinal fluid diseases and role of cerebrospinal fluid in metabolic function of central nervous system, particularly in neurodegeneration and dementia, CSF disturbances, vascular disease and cerebral bleeds, inflammatory disease and neuro-oncology. (ous-research.no)
Atherosclerotic3
- Intracranial atherosclerotic disease and severe tooth loss and in community-dwelling older adults. (gob.ec)
- Information on the association between tooth loss and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is limited. (gob.ec)
- Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked RRBP1 (ribosomal-binding protein 1) genetic variants to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and serum lipoprotein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Severe3
- We report a patient with FHVs reflecting slow intracranial blood flow due to severe heart failure. (hindawi.com)
- Here, we aimed to assess whether non-traumatic severe tooth loss - as a surrogate for chronic inflammatory periodontal disease - is associated with ICAD in a cohort of older adults (aged ≥60 years) living in rural Ecuador. (gob.ec)
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by sudden onset severe headache with or without focal neurologic deficits and is accompanied by segmental or multifocal intracranial arterial vasospasms that resolve within 3 months. (pfmjournal.org)
Epidemiology1
- Arterial aneurysms: etiology, epidemiology, and natural history. (medlineplus.gov)
Disorders2
- Blood flow rate or the amount of blood through cross section of blood vessel per unit time finds usage in the diagnosis of diseases and disorders. (marketdataforecast.com)
- It is integrated by highly qualified specialists in the patient care and research of the most frequent pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, Alzheimer's and other dementias, epilepsy, headaches, brain tumours, sleep disorders, ALS and multiple sclerosis and cerebrovascular diseases. (cun.es)
Hypotension1
- Spontaneous intracranial hypotension. (ous-research.no)
Cardiovascular Disease1
- More than 50 million US citizens have been prescribed aspirin and/or clopidogrel for cardiovascular disease. (sbir.gov)
Brain4
- Cerebral autoregulation maintains constant blood flow (CBF) through the brain in spite of changing mean arterial pressure [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- We have the most advanced technology for accurate diagnosis with cutting-edge technology such as 3Teslas high-field magnetic resonance, SPECT and brain PET, video-EEG monitoring, sleep studies, extra and intracranial arterial Doppler ultrasound. (cun.es)
- In cases of cerebrovascular disease and intractable epilepsy where such neurosurgery is essential for treatment, tissue (vascular and brain tissue) is obtained that is removed for treatment during surgery. (riken.jp)
- OBJECTIVES: Arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion MRI is one of the available advanced MRI techniques for brain tumour surveillance. (bvsalud.org)
Cardiac1
- Intracranial and extra cranial aneurysms and cardiac valvular defects are other common cardiovascular manifestations in patients with ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
Hypertension3
- Do not prescribe Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol/Levomefolate Calcium and Levomefolate Calcium for women with uncontrolled hypertension or hypertension with vascular disease. (nih.gov)
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. (ous-research.no)
- The effect of hypertension on the progression to end-stage renal disease makes it the most important potentially treatable risk factor in ADPKD. (jscimedcentral.com)
Vascular diseases2
- With the improvement of the technique, the hemodynamic rooms, and the devices for the treatment of vascular diseases, the technique was consolidated all over Brazil. (thieme-connect.de)
- Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. (reference.md)
Arteries1
- Second, we utilized pulsatile blood flow oscillations in cerebral arteries to estimate the critical closing pressure (CrCP), i.e., the arterial blood pressure at which CBF approaches zero. (spie.org)
Cohort2
- The aim of this study was to define the presence and type of intracranial arterial abnormalities in a cohort of late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients. (unime.it)
- For the total cohort of 126 infants, indices of disease severity (oxygenation index, alveolar-arterial O 2 gradient, mean airway pressure) did not correlate with outcome measures. (unboundmedicine.com)
Perfusion1
- As a result, the system showed relative changes of the flow during the arterial perfusion periods. (spie.org)
Abscess1
- Furthermore, there is increased risk of infections, including endocarditis and intracranial abscess. (bmj.com)
Circulation1
- A portfolio of 148 pre- and post treatment images of 37 cases of proximal anterior circulation occlusions was electronically sent to 12 expert observers who were asked to grade treatment outcomes according to recanalization (of arterial occlusive lesion) or reperfusion (TICI) scales. (ajnr.org)
Phenotypes1
- A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. (edu.sa)
Systemic2
- It is considered as a multi-systemic disease since,although glycogen accumulation is largely prominent in heart, skeletal and respiratory muscles, other organs can also be affected. (unime.it)
- The results support the view that low-grade systemic inflammation could be involved in the pathogenesis of SAH, or constitute an early risk marker for the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES1
- He develops cutting-edge and clinically viable imaging technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases across the lifespan. (stanford.edu)
Clinical2
- Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms identifies 17 risk loci and genetic overlap with clinical risk factors. (nature.com)
- Here, we showcase the utility and potential of high-speed measurements of blood flow (and arterial blood pressure) in a few clinical applications. (spie.org)
Outcomes1
- Skeletal muscle mass is an important factor for various diseases' outcomes. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Therapy1
- For GIB (506 cases), the OR was 1.40 (1.05-1.86) for peptic ulcer disease, 3.20 (1.81-5.64) for dual anti-platelet therapy use, 1.96 (1.46-2.64) for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and 1.01 (0.80-1.28) for proton pump inhibitor use. (thieme-connect.com)
Pressure3
- Chemoregulation is in direct correlation to the serum level of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [ 8 ] and is, contrary to mechanoregulation, independent of changes in mean arterial pressure. (hindawi.com)
- Intracranial pressure reactivity (PRx) and CBFuss were correlated (p = 0.00014). (bvsalud.org)
- Invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP). (ous-research.no)
Blood2
- Blood-pool agents provide superior demonstration of most intracranial vessels in time-resolved MRA compared with standard agents, at reduced doses. (ajnr.org)
- By combining these samples with blood samples, it is possible to analyze somatic mutations, which are important for the initiation and development of the disease. (riken.jp)
Neurological diseases1
- The Department of Neurology has a wealth of experience in the diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of neurological diseases. (cun.es)
Congenital1
- Congenital disease occurs in 1 per 4000 neonates in North America and Western Europe. (medscape.com)