Iodine
The role of glutathione in DNA damage by potassium bromate in vitro. (1/57)
We have investigated the role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the genetic toxicity of the rodent renal carcinogen potassium bromate (KBrO(3)). A statistically significant increase in the concentration of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) relative to deoxyguanosine was measured following incubation of calf thymus DNA with KBrO(3) and GSH or N-acetylcysteine (NACys). This was dependent on these thiols and was associated with the loss of GSH and production of oxidized glutathione. A short-lived (<6 min) intermediate was apparent which did not react with the spin trap dimethylpyrroline N-oxide. DNA oxidation was not evident when potassium chlorate (KClO(3)) or potassium iodate (KIO(3)) were used instead of KBrO(3), though GSH depletion also occurred with KIO(3), but not with KClO(3). Other reductants and thiols in combination with KBrO(3) did not cause a significant increase in DNA oxidation. DNA strand breakage was also induced by KBrO(3) in human white blood cells (5 mM) and rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E, 1.5 mM). This was associated with an apparent small depletion of thiols in NRK-52E cells at 15 min and with an elevation of 8-oxodG at a delayed time of 24 h. Depletion of intra-cellular GSH by diethylmaleate in human lymphocytes decreased the amount of strand breakage induced by KBrO(3). Extracellular GSH, however, protected against DNA strand breakage by KBrO(3), possibly due to the inability of the reactive product to enter the cell. In contrast, membrane-permeant NACys enhanced KBrO(3)-induced DNA strand breakage in these cells. DNA damage by KBrO(3) is therefore largely dependent on access to intracellular GSH. (+info)Chorioretinal diffusion processes following pigment epithelial degeneration. (2/57)
We studied the effect of sodium iodate-induced pigment epithelial degeneration on chorioretinal diffusion processes. Rabbits received two intravenous injections of sodium iodate at the retinotoxic dose of 22.5 mg. per kilogram over a six- to eight-hour period. Combined horseradish peroxidase tracing technique and electron microscopy were used to compare diffusion processes over a five-week period. Ultrastructural examination of retina twenty-four hours after iodate administration revealed pigment epithelial degeneration, accompanied by disruption of junctional complexes (zonulae occludentes). Peroxidase molecules were found in areas of greater cytoplasmic degeneration and in intercellular spaces up to the level of the external limiting membrane. Ultrastructural observations at later stages revealed similar findings except in the case of Muller cells, 20 per cent of which showed cytoplasmic degeneration and peroxidase uptake. The diffusion barrier was not re-established as the replacement cells did not rebuild zonulae occludentes. (+info)Evaluation of a scheme for the pre-distribution of stable iodine (potassium iodate) to the civilian population residing within the immediate countermeasures zone of a nuclear submarine construction facility. (3/57)
BACKGROUND: The Barrow-in-Furness stable iodine (potassium iodate) tablet pre-distribution scheme was the first of its kind to be introduced to protect the population living around a fixed site nuclear facility in the United Kingdom. Pre-distribution schemes have attracted critical comment principally because the certainty of availability of potassium iodate tablets was unknown. This study aimed to establish the reliability of such a scheme. METHOD: A structured interviewer-administered survey of a random sample of households served by the pre-distribution scheme was carried out using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The ability of this scheme to provide stable iodine protection declined from 100 per cent to 60 per cent coverage over a period of two years for the designed worst-case demand (the ability to supply stable iodine tablets to all household residents normally living within the pre-distribution scheme zone). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-distribution has value in areas where evacuation to a centre where stable iodine tablets are available or post-accident distribution to sheltering households is difficult. The value of such a scheme must be calculated against a predictable decline in its effectiveness. In implementing such a scheme it should be noted that this decline in coverage can be reduced by calculating the frequency with which tablet packs are redistributed to take account of this factor. (+info)The effect of anions on azide binding to myoglobin: an unusual functional modulation. (4/57)
The effect of increasing concentrations of several anions on the azide (N(-)(3)) binding properties of sperm whale and horse ferric myoglobin has been studied. Surprisingly, a number of anions may act as heterotropic effectors, decreasing the affinity of myoglobins for N(-)(3), in the following order: ClO(-)(4)=I(-)>Br(-)>Cl(-) and SO(2-)(4), which mirrors the increase in their charge density. The largest effects were measured using ClO(-)(4) and I(-), which produce a 4-fold and 8-fold reduction of the N(-)(3) binding affinity in horse and sperm whale myoglobins, respectively. A dissociation equilibrium constant (K(d)) ranging from 150 to 250 mM was estimated for ClO(-)(4) and I(-) binding to myoglobins. In order to analyse the molecular mechanism producing the reduction of the N(-)(3) binding affinity to ferric myoglobin, the potential anionic binding sites within ferric myoglobin were investigated by a molecular modelling study using the program Grid. Analysis of the theoretical results suggests two particularly favourable binding sites: the first, next to the distal side of the haem, whose occupancy might alter the electrostatic potential surrounding the bound N(-)(3); the second, involving residues of helices B and G which are far from the haem iron atom, thus implying a long range effect on the bound N(-)(3). Based on the evidence that no significant conformational changes are found in the three-dimensional structures of N(-)(3)-free and N(-)(3)-bound myoglobin and on previous results on N(-)(3) binding to ferric myoglobin mutants in CD3 positions, we favour the first hypothesis, suggesting that the functional heterotropic modulation of monomeric myoglobin is mainly depending on a decrease of the positive charge density induced by the binding of anions to the haem distal side. (+info)Sensitive kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of iodate in iodized table salt based on its accelerating effect on the reaction of bromate with chloride ion in the presence of hydrazine. (5/57)
A simple, precise, sensitive and accurate method was developed for rapid determination of trace quantities of iodate. The method is based on the accelerating effect of iodate on the reaction of bromate and chloride acid in the presence of hydrazine in acidic media. The decolorization of Methyl Orange with the reaction products was used to monitor the reaction spectrophotometrically at 525 nm. Iodate could be determined in the concentration ranges of 0.03 - 1.2 microg ml(-1). The relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations of 0.3 microg ml(-1) of iodate was 1.65%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of iodate in table salts with satisfactory results. (+info)Acidimetric titration of medicines being salts of weak acids and determining the end-point based on the iodate(V)-iodide reaction. (6/57)
A sample being a salt of weak acid in a solvent is determined with hydrochloric acid in the presence of iodate, iodide and starch. The excess acid colours the solution blue. (+info)Novel oxidative dimer from caffeic acid. (7/57)
The novel Diels-Alder adduct, dicaffeoyl quinone as its hydrate, was formed from the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) with NaIO4. The structure of this hydrate was determined by spectroscopic methods. (+info)Transient increase of b-wave in the mouse retina after sodium iodate injection. (8/57)
Twenty C57 black mice received an injection of 40 mg/kg of sodium iodate through the caudal vein. The electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded before and after injection. Flash stimuli with the maximum illuminance, 30,000 lux, were given at increasing levels of illuminance in 0.6 log U steps for 13 levels of intensity. The a- and b-wave amplitudes increased linearly with increased stimulus intensity for approximately 5.0 log U before being saturated. Twenty four hours after injection, the intensity-amplitude curve shifted toward the higher intensity region. It was calculated that the sensitivity loss of the b-wave after injection was 2.0 log U, although the maximum amplitude was larger and the peak latency was delayed. The same results were seen less obviously in the ERGs 48 hr after injection. After 96 hr, both waves were greatly attenuated and even abolished. At the time the increased ERGs were recorded, the histopathologic findings exhibited severe damage of the retina in the pigment epithelium and in the outer layer. (+info)Iodates are salts or esters of iodic acid (HIO3). They contain the iodate ion (IO3-) which consists of an iodine atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. Iodates are commonly used as a source of iodine in dietary supplements and in some disinfectants. In medicine, potassium iodate is used for the prevention of thyroid gland enlargement (goiter) caused by iodine deficiency. It works by providing the necessary iodine to the body.
Bromates are chemical compounds that contain the bromate ion (BrO3-). The most common bromate is potassium bromate, which is used as a flour improver in some bread making processes. However, its use has been restricted or banned in many countries due to concerns about its potential carcinogenicity.
Bromates can form in drinking water supplies that are treated with ozone or chlorine in the presence of bromide ions. This can occur during water treatment or as a result of contamination from natural sources or industrial waste. Exposure to high levels of bromates has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly thyroid and kidney cancer. Therefore, regulatory agencies have set limits on the amount of bromates that are allowed in drinking water and other consumer products.
Iodine is an essential trace element that is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones in the body. These hormones play crucial roles in various bodily functions, including growth and development, metabolism, and brain development during pregnancy and infancy. Iodine can be found in various foods such as seaweed, dairy products, and iodized salt. In a medical context, iodine is also used as an antiseptic to disinfect surfaces, wounds, and skin infections due to its ability to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Potassium compounds refer to substances that contain the element potassium (chemical symbol: K) combined with one or more other elements. Potassium is an alkali metal that has the atomic number 19 and is highly reactive, so it is never found in its free form in nature. Instead, it is always found combined with other elements in the form of potassium compounds.
Potassium compounds can be ionic or covalent, depending on the properties of the other element(s) with which it is combined. In general, potassium forms ionic compounds with nonmetals and covalent compounds with other metals. Ionic potassium compounds are formed when potassium donates one electron to a nonmetal, forming a positively charged potassium ion (K+) and a negatively charged nonmetal ion.
Potassium compounds have many important uses in medicine, industry, and agriculture. For example, potassium chloride is used as a salt substitute and to treat or prevent low potassium levels in the blood. Potassium citrate is used to treat kidney stones and to alkalinize urine. Potassium iodide is used to treat thyroid disorders and to protect the thyroid gland from radioactive iodine during medical imaging procedures.
It's important to note that some potassium compounds can be toxic or even fatal if ingested in large quantities, so they should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Iodate
Iodate sulfate
Ammonium iodate
Iodate fluoride
Silver iodate
Potassium iodate
Iodate nitrate
Calcium iodate
Barium iodate
Radium iodate
Sodium iodate
Lithium iodate
Lead(II) iodate
Dough conditioner
Iodine oxide
Iodine in biology
Hypoiodous acid
Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide
Sodium oxalate
Nonmetal
Iodite
Bluebellite
Bray-Liebhafsky reaction
William C. Bray
Poultry feed
Fluoroiodate
Chemical clock
Iodine monochloride
Potassium periodate
Actinide
Iodate - Wikipedia
Abiotic reaction of iodate with sphagnum peat and other natural organic matter | SpringerLink
Potassium Iodate, Reagent, 25 g | Flinn Scientific
Potassium Iodate Acidified Solution SDS (Safety Data Sheet) | Flinn Scientific
Potassium Iodate/ Nascent Iodine
Calcium iodate monohydrate | CAS 10031-32-0 | P212121 Store
IODATES - English word
Bismuth Iodate
iodate | JHchemco
Calcium Iodate Manufacturers, SDS
Chlorites, Iodates, Perborates & other oxidizers Archives - Ana Industries
Chem Sodium Metaper Iodate | Cheminformatics
Potassium Iodate - Pinnacle Pharma LLC
Iron Iodate, AKA Aluminum Iodate
Potassium Bi-Iodate | Lab Alley
Potassium Iodate Solution, 0.100 N | Transene
Sodium Iodate, 7.5% Aqueous SO-1048
How does Calcium Iodate improve animal health?
Iron Iodate, nonlinear optics nanocrystals - 3D-nano
SODIUM IODATE 99.5% AR - Oxford Fine Chem Lab
Potassium Iodide Iodate, 0.025N 500mL | AquaPhoenix Scientific
Potassium Iodate - Potassium Iodate Powder Exporter from Ahmedabad
Potassium Iodate-Iodide 0.0125N CAT 2 2.5l
SILVER IODATE 95% Extra Pure - Oxford Fine Chem Lab
Potassium Iodate - Potassium Iodate Distributor, Supplier and Exporter from Mumbai,India
Potassium Iodate - Buy Potassium iodate Product on Sinopharm Jiangsu Co., Ltd
Government bans use of potassium bromate and potassium iodate in food
Global Iodate Salt Market [2027] | New Report | Estimated to Reach Worth USD 10210 Million | Growing at a CAGR of 1.6% | Top...
The vapour pressures of saturated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite,...
Calcium Iodate15
- Calcium iodate, Ca(IO3)2, is the principal ore of iodine. (wikipedia.org)
- Click the button below to add the Calcium iodate monohydrate 100g to your wish list. (p212121.com)
- Specifications, Safety Data Sheet, Manufacturing process details, Wholesale retail prices, Uses etc available on these pages for Calcium Iodate. (mubychem.com)
- Calcium Iodate, also called lautarite, is a compound of calcium and iodate anion. (mubychem.com)
- Calcium Iodate is an oxidant added to lotions and ointments as an antiseptic and deodorant. (mubychem.com)
- Calcium iodate can also be used as an iodine supplement in chicken feed. (mubychem.com)
- Calcium Iodate Iodic Acid Calcium Salt. (mubychem.com)
- How does Calcium Iodate improve animal health? (calibrechem.com)
- First, let's understand how Calcium Iodate can help avoid iodine deficiency among animals. (calibrechem.com)
- What is Calcium Iodate? (calibrechem.com)
- How is Calcium Iodate used for manufacturing animal feeds? (calibrechem.com)
- Calcium iodate is commonly used in mineral premixes to provide a portion of an animal's nutritional requirements. (calibrechem.com)
- We are the major Calcium iodate manufacturer in India . (calibrechem.com)
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Potassium19
- Potassium iodate, KIO3, like potassium iodide, has been issued as a prophylaxis against radioiodine absorption in some countries. (wikipedia.org)
- Potassium hydrogen iodate (or potassium biiodate), KH(IO3)2, is a double salt of potassium iodate and iodic acid, as well as an acid itself. (wikipedia.org)
- Offering you a complete choice of products which include potassium iodate powder and potassium iodide. (sajan-overseas.com)
- The restriction on the use of the food additive was imposed on Monday after a study by the Centre for Science and Environment found the presence of potassium bromate and potassium iodate in 84% of the 38 brands of breads commonly bought by people. (scroll.in)
- As far as potassium iodate is concerned, it has been referred to a scientific panel," said Pawan Kumar Agarwal, CEO of the government agency. (scroll.in)
- Potassium iodate is generally used as for flour treatment. (scroll.in)
- With immense expertise in this domain, we actively engrossed in trading and supplying Potassium Iodate IP - Food Grade . (pachisiachemicalworks.com)
- Processed with formula of KIO3, it comes under CAS number of 7758-05-6 and in power form, Potassium Iodate IP - Food Grade is free from adulteration, highly effective, and can be availed in HDPE drum packaging of size from 25-50kg. (pachisiachemicalworks.com)
- Potassium iodate a.r. 7758-05-6 ACS, ISO, Ph. (chem-lab.be)
- Potassium iodate a.r. (chem-lab.be)
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- The potassium salt, K ( U O 2 )( I O 3 ) 3 .3 H 2 O , is precipitated when potassium iodate is added in large excess to uranyl iodate solution as a light yellow powder of density 3.706. (atomistry.com)
Iodic acid1
- According to Ditte, the anhydrous salt is obtained as yellow crystals by mixing the boiling solutions and crystallising at 60° C. A pentahydrats, U O 2 ( I O 3 ) 2 .5 H 2 O , is obtained when iodic acid or sodium iodate is added to a cold solution of uranyl acetate. (atomistry.com)
Anhydrous3
- Calcium iodates, anhydrous, or monohydrates are regarded as safe sources of iodine when used up to the approved maximum level of total iodine in whole feed. (calibrechem.com)
- According to Artmann, however, the iodate does not exist in the anhydrous condition, but only as the mono- and di-hydrates, the nature of the product in the precipitation of uranyl nitrate by means of sodium iodate depending upon the conditions. (atomistry.com)
- When heated, uranyl iodate retains one molecule of water and does not become anhydrous. (atomistry.com)
Removal of iodate4
- Methods and materials are described for the removal of iodate from aqueous solutions. (justia.com)
- The present invention relates to methods for the removal of iodate from aqueous solutions by the conversion of iodate to iodide and the subsequent or concurrent removal of iodide by sorption, ion exchange, or precipitation. (justia.com)
- In contrast, however, there are few effective options for the removal of iodate. (justia.com)
- According to a first broad aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the removal of iodate from aqueous liquids comprising adding a water-soluble compound containing thiol groups and removing iodide, wherein the thiol groups can convert iodate to iodide. (justia.com)
Iodide and iodate2
- Since iodine forms very soluble anions such as iodide and iodate, it is highly mobile in the environment. (justia.com)
- The chemical forms of iodine in radioactive liquid wastes typically include iodide and iodate and these are often the predominant forms. (justia.com)
Iron iodate1
- iron iodate , AKA aluminum iodate is a grey-black solid with a molecular formula of FeI2, soluble in cold water. (nanouniverse-library.jp)
Anion3
- An iodate is the polyatomic anion with the formula IO−3. (wikipedia.org)
- Iodate is unusual in that it forms a strong hydrogen bond with its parent acid: IO−3 + HIO3 → H(IO3)−2 The anion H(IO3)−2 is referred to as biiodate. (wikipedia.org)
- Calcium iodates are an inorganic compound made up of calcium and anion iodate. (calibrechem.com)
Inorganic1
- bismuth iodate is an inorganic compound that is highly soluble in water. (advanc3dmaterials.de)
Lautarite1
- The most important iodate minerals are lautarite and brüggenite, but also copper-bearing iodates such as salesite are known. (wikipedia.org)
Colorless1
- Iodate salts are often colorless. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidation2
- Iodate is one of several oxyanions of iodine, and has an oxidation number of +5. (wikipedia.org)
- The oxidation of I− to iodate (IO3−) is the main sink for oceanic I−, but the mechanism for this remains unknown. (york.ac.uk)
Solution2
- According to a second broad aspect, the present disclosure provides a material for converting iodate in aqueous solution to iodide, comprising a solid substrate to which a thiol group containing compound is attached. (justia.com)
- Uranyl Iodate, U O 2 ( I O 3 ) 2 , is obtained by precipitation of a solution of uranyl nitrate by means of sodium iodate in presence of a large excess of nitric acid. (atomistry.com)
Word1
- Whether the word "iodine", "iodide", or "iodate" was included in the nutrition facts panel or the ingredient list. (cdc.gov)
Found1
- Minerals containing iodate are found in the caliche deposits of Chile. (wikipedia.org)
Effective1
- The present invention addresses that need by teaching effective methods for the removal of iodine that is present in the form of iodate. (justia.com)
Ability1
- Consequently, the overall ability to remove radioactive iodine from a waste stream can be limited by the amount of iodine that is present as iodate. (justia.com)
Iodine3
- Iodate is one of several oxyanions of iodine, and has an oxidation number of +5. (wikipedia.org)
- Studies of methane conversion using a series of iodine-based reagents [I 2 , ICl, ICl 3 , I(TFA) 3 , I 2 O 4 , I 2 O 5 , (IO 2 ) 2 S 2 O 7 , (IO) 2 SO 4 ] indicated that the chloride enhancement is not limited to iodate. (princeton.edu)
- Whether the word "iodine", "iodide", or "iodate" was included in the nutrition facts panel or the ingredient list. (cdc.gov)
Iodide to iodate2
- Iodate is reduced by sulfite: 6HSO−3 + 2IO−3 → 2I− + 6HSO−4 Iodate oxidizes iodide: 5I− + IO−3 + 3H2SO4 → 3I2 + 3H2O + 3SO4^−2 Similarly, chlorate oxidizes iodide to iodate: I− + ClO−3 → Cl− + IO−3 Iodate is also obtained by reducing a periodate with a sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
- A shift from senescence back to the exponential growth phase resulted in a decline in iodide and indicated that phytoplankton-mediated oxidation of iodide to iodate was likely to be occurring. (edu.au)
Salts2
- Iodate salts are often colorless. (wikipedia.org)
- We describe an efficient system for the direct partial oxidation of methane, ethane, and propane using iodate salts with catalytic amounts of chloride in protic solvents. (princeton.edu)
Hio31
- Iodate is unusual in that it forms a strong hydrogen bond with its parent acid: IO−3 + HIO3 → H(IO3)−2 The anion H(IO3)−2 is referred to as biiodate. (wikipedia.org)
Preservative1
- In flour products, iodate is used as a preservative and conditioner. (medscape.com)
Minerals2
- Minerals containing iodate are found in the caliche deposits of Chile. (wikipedia.org)
- The most important iodate minerals are lautarite and brüggenite, but also copper-bearing iodates such as salesite are known. (wikipedia.org)
Reactions1
- This suggests that iodate reduction results from increased cell permeability, which we hypothesize is due to subsequent reactions of iodate with reduced sulphur species exuded from the cell. (edu.au)
Term1
- 5) The effect of temperature on the long-term stability of the actinometric solutions was determined by holding samples of either iodide/iodate or iodouracil/iodide at either 8 C or room temperature for up to 7 weeks. (cdc.gov)
Core1
- A new synthesis approach for aluminum particles enables an aluminum core to be passivated by an oxidizing salt: aluminum iodate hexahydrate (AIH). (americanelements.com)