A type of permanent damage to muscles and nerves that results from prolonged lack blood flow to those tissues. It is characterized by shortening and stiffening of the muscles.
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.
A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50.
Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.
An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)
Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods.
Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.
Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.
A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.
Generally, restoration of blood supply to heart tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. Reperfusion can be induced to treat ischemia. Methods include chemical dissolution of an occluding thrombus, administration of vasodilator drugs, angioplasty, catheterization, and artery bypass graft surgery. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose serving as the primary form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria, stored mainly in liver and muscle tissues. (Two sentences combined as per your request)
A procedure to stop the contraction of MYOCARDIUM during HEART SURGERY. It is usually achieved with the use of chemicals (CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTIONS) or cold temperature (such as chilled perfusate).
Permanent fixation of the hip in primary positions, with limited passive or active motion at the hip joint. Locomotion is difficult and pain is sometimes present when the hip is in motion. It may be caused by trauma, infection, or poliomyelitis. (From Current Medical Information & Technology, 5th ed)
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint.
Rapid and excessive rise of temperature accompanied by muscular rigidity following general anesthesia.
The sac enclosing a joint. It is composed of an outer fibrous articular capsule and an inner SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.
The shrinkage of the foreign body encapsulation scar tissue that forms around artificial implants imbedded in body tissues.
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.
Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in place and protect an injured part. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A species of gram-positive, strongly proteolytic bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It contains several forms of COLLAGENASE whose action can lead to GAS GANGRENE in humans and HORSES.
An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.
Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.
Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.
A hinge joint connecting the FOREARM to the ARM.
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
Degenerative or inflammatory conditions affecting the central or peripheral nervous system that develop in association with a systemic neoplasm without direct invasion by tumor. They may be associated with circulating antibodies that react with the affected neural tissue. (Intern Med 1996 Dec;35(12):925-9)
Carnivores of the genus Procyon of the family PROCYONIDAE. Two subgenera and seven species are currently recognized. They range from southern Canada to Panama and are found in several of the Caribbean Islands.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

The evolution of the compartment syndrome since 1948 as recorded in the JBJS (B). (1/7)

This paper describes how we came to understand the pathophysiology of Volkmann's ischaemic contracture with references to relevant papers in this Journal, and the investigation and management of acute compartment syndrome is briefly discussed.  (+info)

Ischemic preconditioning of the whole heart confers protection on subsequently isolated ventricular myocytes. (2/7)

Current cellular models of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) rely on inducing preconditioning in vitro and may not accurately represent complex pathways triggered by IPC in the intact heart. Here, we show that it is possible to precondition the intact heart and to subsequently isolate individual ventricular myocytes that retain the protection triggered by IPC. Myocytes isolated from Langendorff-perfused hearts preconditioned with three cycles of ischemia-reperfusion were exposed to metabolic inhibition and reenergization. Injury was assessed from induction of hypercontracture and loss of Ca(2+) homeostasis and contractile function. IPC induced an immediate window of protection in isolated myocytes, with 64.3 +/- 7.6% of IPC myocytes recovering Ca(2+) homeostasis compared with 16.9 +/- 2.4% of control myocytes (P < 0.01). Similarly, 64.1 +/- 5.9% of IPC myocytes recovered contractile function compared with 15.3 +/- 2.2% of control myocytes (P < 0.01). Protection was prevented by the presence of 0.5 mM 5-hydroxydecanoate during the preconditioning stimulus. This early protection disappeared after 6 h, but a second window of protection developed 24 h after preconditioning, with 54.9 +/- 4.7% of preconditioned myocytes recovering Ca(2+) homeostasis compared with 12.6 +/- 2.9% of control myocytes (P < 0.01). These data show that "true" IPC of the heart confers both windows of protection in the isolated myocytes, with a similar temporal relationship to in vivo preconditioning of the whole heart. The model should allow future studies in isolated cells of the protective mechanisms induced by true ischemia.  (+info)

Ischemia enhances translocation of connexin43 and gap junction intercellular communication, thereby propagating contraction band necrosis after reperfusion. (3/7)

BACKGROUND: In ischemia-reperfusion, contraction band necrosis (CBN) is distributed mainly to the lateral border of the risk area and does not spread into the non-risk area beyond the border. It has been suggested that CBN is propagated through gap junctions (GJs), but it is unclear how GJs transmit CBN exclusively in the risk area. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary occlusion for 30 min in rat increased the level of connexin43 (Cx43) protein in the 100,000 x g pellet fraction to 1.5-fold and decreased that in the 1,000 x g pellet to half in the risk area compared with the non-risk area. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an increase of Cx43 at intercalated disks in the risk area. A dye transfer assay demonstrated enhancement of GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) in the risk area compared with the non-risk area in the same section. Administration of a GJ blocker, carbenoxolone, at the onset of reperfusion following 30 min of ischemia reduced the CBN area (1/3 vs PBS) in 5 min of reperfusion and limited the infarct size (2/3 vs PBS) in 6 h of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ischemia enhances translocation of Cx43 to GJs, thereby promoting propagation of CBN exclusively in the risk area through enhanced GJIC after reperfusion.  (+info)

Role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in mitochondrial permeability transition and cardiomyocyte death during reperfusion. (4/7)

 (+info)

Volkmann ischemic contracture in a newborn. (5/7)

 (+info)

Results of the Max Page muscle sliding operation for the treatment of Volkmann's ischemic contracture of the forearm. (6/7)

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Volkmann's contracture of the forearm owing to an insect bite: a case report and review of the literature. (7/7)

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Ischemic contracture is not a widely recognized medical term, but it seems to be used in the context of pathological conditions that result from reduced blood flow (ischemia) to muscles or other tissues, leading to irreversible shortening and hardening of the affected muscle fibers. This process can cause restricted mobility and deformity in the affected area.

A more commonly used term is "Volkmann's contracture," which refers to a specific type of ischemic contracture that occurs in the forearm as a result of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome is a serious condition characterized by increased pressure within a confined space (compartment) in the body, typically in the arm or leg, leading to insufficient blood flow and oxygen supply to the muscles and nerves within that space. If left untreated, it can cause muscle and nerve damage, resulting in contracture and loss of function.

In summary, ischemic contracture is a less specific term for a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to muscles or other tissues, leading to irreversible shortening and hardening of the affected fibers. Volkmann's contracture is a more commonly used term that refers to a specific type of ischemic contracture in the forearm caused by compartment syndrome.

A contracture, in a medical context, refers to the abnormal shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, which can result in limited mobility and deformity of joints. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as injury, prolonged immobilization, scarring, neurological disorders, or genetic conditions.

Contractures can cause significant impairment in daily activities and quality of life, making it difficult for individuals to perform routine tasks like dressing, bathing, or walking. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, casting, medications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the contracture.

Dupuytren contracture is a medical condition that affects the hand, specifically the fascia, which is a layer of connective tissue beneath the skin of the palm. In this condition, the fascia thickens and shortens, causing one or more fingers to bend towards the palm and making it difficult to straighten them. The ring finger and little finger are most commonly affected, but the middle finger and thumb can also be involved.

The exact cause of Dupuytren contracture is not known, but it is more common in men than women and tends to run in families. It is also associated with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, seizures, and alcoholism. There is no cure for Dupuytren contracture, but treatments such as surgery or needle aponeurotomy can help relieve symptoms and improve hand function.

Cardioplegic solutions are specially formulated liquids used in medical procedures to induce cardiac arrest and protect the heart muscle during open-heart surgery. These solutions typically contain a combination of electrolytes, such as potassium and magnesium, which stop the heart from beating by interrupting its electrical activity. They may also include energy substrates, buffers, and other components to maintain the health and function of the heart cells during the period of arrest. The specific formulation of cardioplegic solutions can vary depending on the needs of the patient and the preferences of the medical team.

Phosphocreatine (PCr) is a high-energy phosphate compound found in the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and brain. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and storage within cells. Phosphocreatine serves as an immediate energy reserve that helps regenerate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary source of cellular energy, during short bursts of intense activity or stress. This process is facilitated by the enzyme creatine kinase, which catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphocreatine to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to form ATP.

In a medical context, phosphocreatine levels may be assessed in muscle biopsies or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) imaging to evaluate muscle energy metabolism and potential mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions such as muscular dystrophies, mitochondrial disorders, and neuromuscular diseases. Additionally, phosphocreatine depletion has been implicated in various pathological processes, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative disorders, and heart failure.

Diacetyl is a volatile, yellow-green liquid that is a byproduct of fermentation and is used as a butter flavoring in foods. The chemical formula for diacetyl is CH3COCH3. It has a buttery or creamy taste and is often added to microwave popcorn, margarine, and other processed foods to give them a buttery flavor.

Diacetyl can also be found in some alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine, where it is produced naturally during fermentation. In high concentrations, diacetyl can have a strong, unpleasant odor and taste.

There has been concern about the potential health effects of diacetyl, particularly for workers in factories that manufacture artificial butter flavorings. Some studies have suggested that exposure to diacetyl may increase the risk of developing lung disease, including bronchiolitis obliterans, a serious and sometimes fatal condition characterized by scarring and narrowing of the airways in the lungs. However, more research is needed to fully understand the health effects of diacetyl and to determine safe levels of exposure.

Lactates, also known as lactic acid, are compounds that are produced by muscles during intense exercise or other conditions of low oxygen supply. They are formed from the breakdown of glucose in the absence of adequate oxygen to complete the full process of cellular respiration. This results in the production of lactate and a hydrogen ion, which can lead to a decrease in pH and muscle fatigue.

In a medical context, lactates may be measured in the blood as an indicator of tissue oxygenation and metabolic status. Elevated levels of lactate in the blood, known as lactic acidosis, can indicate poor tissue perfusion or hypoxia, and may be seen in conditions such as sepsis, cardiac arrest, and severe shock. It is important to note that lactates are not the primary cause of acidemia (low pH) in lactic acidosis, but rather a marker of the underlying process.

Myocardial reperfusion injury is a pathological process that occurs when blood flow is restored to the heart muscle (myocardium) after a period of ischemia or reduced oxygen supply, such as during a myocardial infarction (heart attack). The restoration of blood flow, although necessary to salvage the dying tissue, can itself cause further damage to the heart muscle. This paradoxical phenomenon is known as myocardial reperfusion injury.

The mechanisms behind myocardial reperfusion injury are complex and involve several processes, including:

1. Oxidative stress: The sudden influx of oxygen into the previously ischemic tissue leads to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular structures, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA.
2. Calcium overload: During reperfusion, there is an increase in calcium influx into the cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells). This elevated intracellular calcium level can disrupt normal cellular functions, leading to further damage.
3. Inflammation: Reperfusion triggers an immune response, with the recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, to the site of injury. These cells release cytokines and other mediators that can exacerbate tissue damage.
4. Mitochondrial dysfunction: The restoration of blood flow can cause mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, to malfunction, leading to the release of pro-apoptotic factors and contributing to cell death.
5. Vasoconstriction and microvascular obstruction: During reperfusion, there may be vasoconstriction of the small blood vessels (microvasculature) in the heart, which can further limit blood flow and contribute to tissue damage.

Myocardial reperfusion injury is a significant concern because it can negate some of the benefits of early reperfusion therapy, such as thrombolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), used to treat acute myocardial infarction. Strategies to minimize myocardial reperfusion injury are an area of active research and include pharmacological interventions, ischemic preconditioning, and remote ischemic conditioning.

Lactic acid, also known as 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, is a chemical compound that plays a significant role in various biological processes. In the context of medicine and biochemistry, lactic acid is primarily discussed in relation to muscle metabolism and cellular energy production. Here's a medical definition for lactic acid:

Lactic acid (LA): A carboxylic acid with the molecular formula C3H6O3 that plays a crucial role in anaerobic respiration, particularly during strenuous exercise or conditions of reduced oxygen availability. It is formed through the conversion of pyruvate, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), when there is insufficient oxygen to complete the final step of cellular respiration in the Krebs cycle. The accumulation of lactic acid can lead to acidosis and muscle fatigue. Additionally, lactic acid serves as a vital intermediary in various metabolic pathways and is involved in the production of glucose through gluconeogenesis in the liver.

Myocardial contraction refers to the rhythmic and forceful shortening of heart muscle cells (myocytes) in the myocardium, which is the muscular wall of the heart. This process is initiated by electrical signals generated by the sinoatrial node, causing a wave of depolarization that spreads throughout the heart.

During myocardial contraction, calcium ions flow into the myocytes, triggering the interaction between actin and myosin filaments, which are the contractile proteins in the muscle cells. This interaction causes the myofilaments to slide past each other, resulting in the shortening of the sarcomeres (the functional units of muscle contraction) and ultimately leading to the contraction of the heart muscle.

Myocardial contraction is essential for pumping blood throughout the body and maintaining adequate circulation to vital organs. Any impairment in myocardial contractility can lead to various cardiac disorders, such as heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias.

Myocardial reperfusion is the restoration of blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium), usually after a period of ischemia or reduced oxygen supply, such as during a myocardial infarction (heart attack). This can be achieved through various medical interventions, including thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The goal of myocardial reperfusion is to salvage the jeopardized myocardium, preserve cardiac function, and reduce the risk of complications like heart failure or arrhythmias. However, it's important to note that while reperfusion is crucial for treating ischemic heart disease, it can also lead to additional injury to the heart muscle, known as reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) is reduced or blocked, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery and potential damage to the heart tissue. This reduction in blood flow typically results from the buildup of fatty deposits, called plaques, in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. The plaques can rupture or become unstable, causing the formation of blood clots that obstruct the artery and limit blood flow.

Myocardial ischemia may manifest as chest pain (angina pectoris), shortness of breath, fatigue, or irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). In severe cases, it can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack) if the oxygen supply is significantly reduced or cut off completely, causing permanent damage or death of the heart muscle. Early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia are crucial for preventing further complications and improving patient outcomes.

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that serves as the primary form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. It is a polysaccharide consisting of long, branched chains of glucose molecules linked together by glycosidic bonds. Glycogen is stored primarily in the liver and muscles, where it can be quickly broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream during periods of fasting or increased metabolic demand.

In the liver, glycogen plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose levels by releasing glucose when needed, such as between meals or during exercise. In muscles, glycogen serves as an immediate energy source for muscle contractions during intense physical activity. The ability to store and mobilize glycogen is essential for the proper functioning of various physiological processes, including athletic performance, glucose homeostasis, and overall metabolic health.

Induced heart arrest, also known as controlled cardiac arrest or planned cardiac arrest, is a deliberate medical intervention where cardiac activity is temporarily stopped through the use of medications or electrical disruption. This procedure is typically carried out during a surgical procedure, such as open-heart surgery, where the heart needs to be stilled to allow surgeons to work on it safely.

The most common method used to induce heart arrest is by administering a medication called potassium chloride, which stops the heart's electrical activity. Alternatively, an electrical shock may be delivered to the heart to achieve the same effect. Once the procedure is complete, the heart can be restarted using various resuscitation techniques, such as defibrillation or medication administration.

It's important to note that induced heart arrest is a carefully monitored and controlled medical procedure carried out by trained healthcare professionals in a hospital setting. It should not be confused with sudden cardiac arrest, which is an unexpected and often unpredictable event that occurs outside of a medical setting.

A hip contracture is a condition in which the range of motion in the hip joint is limited due to tightness or shortening of the muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues surrounding the joint. This can make it difficult for the person to perform certain movements, such as flexing the hip or bringing the knee up towards the chest. Hip contractures can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, surgery, prolonged immobility, cerebral palsy, and other neurological conditions. Treatment may include physical therapy, stretching exercises, and in some cases, surgery.

The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart wall, composed of specialized cardiac muscle cells that are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It forms the thickest part of the heart wall and is divided into two sections: the left ventricle, which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, and the right ventricle, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The myocardium contains several types of cells, including cardiac muscle fibers, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. The muscle fibers are arranged in a highly organized pattern that allows them to contract in a coordinated manner, generating the force necessary to pump blood through the heart and circulatory system.

Damage to the myocardium can occur due to various factors such as ischemia (reduced blood flow), infection, inflammation, or genetic disorders. This damage can lead to several cardiac conditions, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy molecule that stores and transports energy within cells. It is the main source of energy for most cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and protein synthesis. ATP is composed of a base (adenine), a sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups. The bonds between these phosphate groups contain a significant amount of energy, which can be released when the bond between the second and third phosphate group is broken, resulting in the formation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. This process is known as hydrolysis and can be catalyzed by various enzymes to drive a wide range of cellular functions. ATP can also be regenerated from ADP through various metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation or substrate-level phosphorylation, allowing for the continuous supply of energy to cells.

Arthrogryposis is a medical term that describes a condition characterized by the presence of multiple joint contractures at birth. A contracture occurs when the range of motion in a joint is limited, making it difficult or impossible to move the joint through its full range of motion. In arthrogryposis, these contractures are present in two or more areas of the body.

The term "arthrogryposis" comes from two Greek words: "arthro," meaning joint, and "gyros," meaning curved or bent. Therefore, arthrogryposis literally means "curving of the joints."

There are many different types of arthrogryposis, each with its own specific set of symptoms and causes. However, in general, arthrogryposis is caused by decreased fetal movement during pregnancy, which can be due to a variety of factors such as genetic mutations, nervous system abnormalities, or environmental factors that restrict fetal movement.

Treatment for arthrogryposis typically involves a combination of physical therapy, bracing, and surgery to help improve joint mobility and function. The prognosis for individuals with arthrogryposis varies depending on the severity and type of contractures present, as well as the underlying cause of the condition.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, but potentially life-threatening genetic disorder that can occur in susceptible individuals as a reaction to certain anesthetic drugs or other triggers. The condition is characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled increase in body temperature (hyperthermia), muscle rigidity, and metabolic rate due to abnormal skeletal muscle calcium regulation.

MH can develop quickly during or after surgery, usually within the first hour of exposure to triggering anesthetics such as succinylcholine or volatile inhalational agents (e.g., halothane, sevoflurane, desflurane). The increased metabolic rate and muscle activity lead to excessive production of heat, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and potassium, which can cause severe complications such as heart rhythm abnormalities, kidney failure, or multi-organ dysfunction if not promptly recognized and treated.

The primary treatment for MH involves discontinuing triggering anesthetics, providing supportive care (e.g., oxygen, fluid replacement), and administering medications to reduce body temperature, muscle rigidity, and metabolic rate. Dantrolene sodium is the specific antidote for MH, which works by inhibiting calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle cells, thereby reducing muscle contractility and metabolism.

Individuals with a family history of MH or who have experienced an episode should undergo genetic testing and counseling to determine their susceptibility and take appropriate precautions when receiving anesthesia.

A joint capsule is the fibrous sac that encloses a synovial joint, which is a type of joint characterized by the presence of a cavity filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule provides stability and strength to the joint, while also allowing for a range of motion. It consists of two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane. The fibrous layer is made up of dense connective tissue that helps to stabilize the joint, while the synovial membrane produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction during movement.

Capsular contracture is a complication that can occur after a breast augmentation or reconstruction surgery, where the body forms a capsule (a normal biological response) around the foreign material, such as a breast implant. However, in capsular contracture, this capsule tightens and squeezes the implant, causing the breast to feel hard, painful, and sometimes misshapen. It is classified into four grades (I-IV) based on the severity of symptoms, with grade IV indicating the most severe form, characterized by significant pain, implant palpability, and distortion.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that occurs naturally in the leaves, seeds, or fruits of some plants. It can also be produced artificially and added to various products, such as food, drinks, and medications. Caffeine has a number of effects on the body, including increasing alertness, improving mood, and boosting energy levels.

In small doses, caffeine is generally considered safe for most people. However, consuming large amounts of caffeine can lead to negative side effects, such as restlessness, insomnia, rapid heart rate, and increased blood pressure. It is also possible to become dependent on caffeine, and withdrawal symptoms can occur if consumption is suddenly stopped.

Caffeine is found in a variety of products, including coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, and some medications. The amount of caffeine in these products can vary widely, so it is important to pay attention to serving sizes and labels to avoid consuming too much.

Muscle contraction is the physiological process in which muscle fibers shorten and generate force, leading to movement or stability of a body part. This process involves the sliding filament theory where thick and thin filaments within the sarcomeres (the functional units of muscles) slide past each other, facilitated by the interaction between myosin heads and actin filaments. The energy required for this action is provided by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary, and they play a crucial role in various bodily functions such as locomotion, circulation, respiration, and posture maintenance.

A splint is a device used to support, protect, and immobilize injured body parts, such as bones, joints, or muscles. It can be made from various materials like plastic, metal, or fiberglass. Splints are often used to keep the injured area in a stable position, reducing pain, swelling, and further damage while the injury heals. They come in different shapes and sizes, tailored to fit specific body parts and injuries. A splint can be adjustable or custom-made, depending on the patient's needs. It is essential to follow healthcare professionals' instructions for using and caring for a splint to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.

'Clostridium histolyticum' is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that is known to produce several exoenzymes, including collagenases and gelatinases. This organism is commonly found in soil and the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can cause severe soft tissue infections, including gas gangrene, due to its ability to produce powerful toxins that can cause tissue necrosis. 'Clostridium histolyticum' is also used in medical treatments for conditions such as chronic wounds and urinary tract disorders due to its collagenase production.

"Anura" is a term used in the field of zoology, particularly in the study of amphibians. It refers to a order that includes frogs and toads. The name "Anura" comes from the Greek language, with "an-" meaning "without," and "oura" meaning "tail." This is a reference to the fact that members of this order lack tails in their adult form.

The Anura order is characterized by several distinct features:

1. They have short, powerful legs that are well adapted for jumping or leaping.
2. Their forelimbs are smaller and less specialized than their hind limbs.
3. Most anurans have a moist, glandular skin, which helps them to breathe and absorb water.
4. Anura includes both aquatic and terrestrial species, with varying degrees of adaptations for each environment.
5. They lay their eggs in water, and their larvae (tadpoles) are aquatic, undergoing a process called metamorphosis to transform into the adult form.

Anura contains approximately 7,000 known species, making it one of the largest orders of vertebrates. They have a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Anurans play essential roles in many ecosystems as both predators and prey, contributing to the regulation of insect populations and serving as indicators of environmental health.

A fascia is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, that covers, connects, and separates muscles, organs, and other structures in the body. It provides support and stability, allows for smooth movement between structures, and has the ability to transmit forces throughout the body. Fascia is found throughout the body, and there are several layers of it, including superficial fascia, deep fascia, and visceral fascia. Injury, inflammation, or strain to the fascia can cause pain and restriction of movement.

Acquired hand deformities refer to structural changes in the hand or fingers that occur after birth, as a result of injury, illness, or other external factors. These deformities can affect any part of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common causes of acquired hand deformities include trauma, infection, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, tumors, and neurological conditions.

The symptoms of acquired hand deformities can vary depending on the severity and location of the deformity. They may include pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion, loss of function, and changes in appearance. Treatment for acquired hand deformities may involve a combination of medical interventions, such as medication, physical therapy, or splinting, as well as surgical procedures to correct the underlying structural problem. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve function, and restore normal appearance and movement to the hand.

The elbow joint, also known as the cubitus joint, is a hinge joint that connects the humerus bone of the upper arm to the radius and ulna bones of the forearm. It allows for flexion and extension movements of the forearm, as well as some degree of rotation. The main articulation occurs between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, while the radial head of the radius also contributes to the joint's stability and motion. Ligaments, muscles, and tendons surround and support the elbow joint, providing strength and protection during movement.

A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This can result in the death of brain tissue and cause permanent damage or temporary impairment to cognitive functions, speech, memory, movement, and other body functions controlled by the affected area of the brain.

Strokes can be caused by either a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain (ischemic stroke) or the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that lasts only a few minutes and does not cause permanent damage.

Symptoms of a stroke may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and confusion or disorientation. Immediate medical attention is crucial for stroke patients to receive appropriate treatment and prevent long-term complications.

Nervous system diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. These diseases can affect various functions of the body, such as movement, sensation, cognition, and behavior. They can be caused by genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or tumors. Examples of nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, stroke, and neuroinfections like meningitis and encephalitis. The symptoms and severity of these disorders can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe and debilitating.

Brain ischemia is the medical term used to describe a reduction or interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and glucose delivery to brain tissue. This can result in brain damage or death of brain cells, known as infarction. Brain ischemia can be caused by various conditions such as thrombosis (blood clot formation), embolism (obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign material), or hypoperfusion (reduced blood flow). The severity and duration of the ischemia determine the extent of brain damage. Symptoms can range from mild, such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or "mini-strokes"), to severe, including paralysis, speech difficulties, loss of consciousness, and even death. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further damage and potential long-term complications.

Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are a group of rare disorders that occur in some individuals with cancer. These syndromes are caused by an immune system response to the cancer tumor, which can lead to the damage or destruction of nerve cells. The immune system produces antibodies and/or activated immune cells that attack the neural tissue, leading to neurological symptoms.

Paraneoplastic syndromes can affect any part of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Symptoms vary depending on the specific syndrome and the location of the affected nerve tissue. Some common neurological symptoms include muscle weakness, numbness or tingling, seizures, memory loss, confusion, difficulty speaking or swallowing, visual disturbances, and coordination problems.

Paraneoplastic syndromes are often associated with specific types of cancer, such as small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lymphoma. Diagnosis can be challenging because the symptoms may precede the discovery of the underlying cancer. A combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, laboratory tests, and sometimes a brain biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cancer with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Immunosuppressive therapies may also be used to manage the immune response that is causing the neurological symptoms. While treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, paraneoplastic syndromes are often difficult to cure completely.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "raccoons" are not a medical term. They are a species of nocturnal mammals native to North America, known for their distinctive black facial mask and ringed tails. If you have any questions about animals or a medical condition, feel free to ask!

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

The stone heart syndrome (or Ischemic myocardial contracture) is a Global ischemic contracture of the heart, leading to a firm ... Cooley, D. A.; Reul, G. J.; Wukasch, D. C. (1975). "Ischemic myocardial contracture ('stone heart'). A complication of cardiac ... Cooley, Denton A.; Reul, George J.; Wukasch, Don C. (April 1972). "Ischemic contracture of the heart: 'Stone heart'". The ...
Described Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture in 1881. Devised a splint and a spoon which bear his name. His treatment of ...
Used to treat stiff elbow and Volkmann Ischemic Contracture. Top: lower quality aluminum bolt and hook turnbuckle; bottom: ...
Baek, GH; Kim, JS; Chung, MS (2004). "Isolated ischemic contracture of the mobile wad: a report of two cases". J Hand Surg Br. ...
Eichler GR, Lipscomb PR (January 1967). "The changing treatment of Volkmann's ischemic contractures from 1955 to 1965 at the ... On a large scale, this can cause Volkmann's contracture in affected limbs, a permanent and irreversible process. Other reported ... Untreated, acute compartment syndrome can result in Volkmann's contracture. Compartment syndrome usually presents within a few ...
Conditions which have been reported in newborns who suffered fetal acidemia include hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and ... as one of the causes of acute fetal hypoxia among the likes of umbilical cord compression and myometrial contractures. Changes ...
Any fracture in the elbow region or upper arm may lead to Volkmann's ischemic contracture, but it is especially associated with ... Volkmann's contracture is a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the ... "non-Infective Ischemic conditions of various fascial compartments in the extremities". Because the contracture occurred at the ... The most important signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome are observable before actual contracture. What is known as the ...
... wound infection not elsewhere classified 958.4 Traumatic shock 958.5 Traumatic anuria 958.6 Volkmann's ischemic contracture ...
Jacobs SE, Berg M, Hunt R, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Inder TE, Davis PG (January 2013). "Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic ... Over time, deformities tend to become static, and joint contractures develop. Deformities in general and static deformities in ... Adults with cerebral palsy may have ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer, and trauma more often. Obesity in ... Mathewson MA, Lieber RL (February 2015). "Pathophysiology of muscle contractures in cerebral palsy". Physical Medicine and ...
The ischemic exercise consists of the patient squeezing a hand dynamometer at maximal strength for a specific period of time, ... Patients may present at emergency rooms with severe fixed contractures of the muscles and often severe pain. These require ... The physician can also perform an ischemic forearm exercise test as described above. Some findings suggest a nonischemic test ... McArdle noticed this patient's cramps were electrically silent and his venous lactate levels failed to increase upon ischemic ...
... or lacunar cerebral infarct (LACI) is the most common type of ischemic stroke, resulting from the occlusion of ... splints and braces can be used to support limbs and joints to prevent or treat complications such as contractures and ... It is estimated that lacunar infarcts account for 25% of all ischemic strokes, with an annual incidence of approximately 15 per ...
Assessment for a hidden flexion contracture of the hip - hip flexion contractures may be occult, due to compensation by the ... Look Front and back of pelvis/hips and legs and comment on Ischaemic or trophic changes· Level of ASIS (anterior superior iliac ... Rectus Femoris Contracture test for tight rectus femoris performed like Thomas test, but with the affected leg bent off the end ... Any fixed contractures? Arm-swing and balance on turning around· Abnormal Gait Patterns Trendelenburg (pelvic sway/tilt, aka ...
Many experience contractures, which are defined as joints that cannot be stretched or moved. Clonus is another symptom that is ... hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or intrapartum asphyxia). The white matter of the brain is especially vulnerable between the ...
Penis burns can be very severe and often require specialized care in a burn unit to prevent contractures, severe scarring, or ... Favorable prognostic factors for replantation of amputated penises include short ischemic time and a clean incision (as opposed ... ischemic necrosis; gangrene and kidney damage; lymphedema; ulceration; urethrocutaneous fistula, loss of sensation; urethral ...
Idiopathic/Infection/Ischaemic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids/surgery Mumps/malnutrition/mechanical obstruction/metabolic ... Dupuytren's contracture Encephalopathy / palmar Erythema Foetor hepaticus Gynaecomastia Hepatomegaly Increase size of parotids ...
IL-1 mediates ischaemic, excitotoxic, and traumatic brain injury, probably through multiple actions on glia, neurons, and the ... Serial casting and splinting are often used to reduce soft tissue contractures and muscle tone. Evidence based research reveals ...
Noonan syndrome Norman-Roberts syndrome Northern epilepsy syndrome Nutcracker syndrome Occipital horn syndrome Ocular ischemic ... syndrome Lenz-Majewski syndrome Leriche's syndrome Leschke syndrome Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Lethal congenital contracture syndrome ... syndrome Alien hand syndrome Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome Alopecia contractures dwarfism ...
Contracture of the DDF forces the limb to maintain a constant flexed position in the fetlock and coffin joints, and if not ... HBOT has been shown to improve wound healing and is effective in treating ischemic tissue damage and compartment syndrome. ... It has the greatest rate of success when contracture has not progressed to the point where the dorsal surface of the hoof wall ... This surgical procedure is used in cases of foals with flexural limb deformity secondary to contracture of the superficial ...
These contractures occur not only in the foot but also in the hand where the loss of the musculature makes the hand appear ... which makes them less susceptible to ischemic damage (as they are closer to the vascular supply). The sixth nerve, the abducens ... Loss of motor function results in dorsiflexion, contractures of the toes, and loss of the interosseous muscle function that ... Exercise programs, along with manual therapy, will help to prevent muscle contractures, spasms and atrophy. These programs may ...
Secondary dystonia, however, is most commonly caused by dyskinetic cerebral palsy, due to hypoxic or ischemic injury to the ... Physical therapy has been used to improve posture and prevent contractures via braces and casting, although in some cases, ... A multitude of movement disorders have been observed after either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Some examples include ... Treatment of primary dystonia is aimed at reducing symptoms such as involuntary movements, pain, contracture, embarrassment, ...
... the proteasome maintains cardiac protein homeostasis and thus plays a significant role in cardiac ischemic injury, ventricular ... to show the characteristic thin facial appearance and long clubbed fingers with joint contractures. ENSG00000206298, ...
"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in infants: new challenges". Fetal and Pediatric Pathology. Taylor & Francis. 24 (2). ... ... weakness or loss in voluntary movement Contractures - painful shortening of muscles affecting motion Hypotonia - reduced muscle ...
An ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, or brain tumor may cause restriction of blood flow. Lack of blood to cells in the brain ... Moving patients through the use of physical therapy also aids in preventing atelectasis, contractures or other orthopedic ... Busl, K. M.; Greer, D. M. (2010). "Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: Pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms". ... Twenty percent of comatose states result from an ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, or brain tumor. During a stroke, blood flow ...
Spasticity increases the risk of contractures (shortening of muscles, tendons, or ligaments that result from lack of use of a ... These secondary injury pathways include the ischemic cascade, inflammation, swelling, cell suicide, and neurotransmitter ... and ischemic (from lack of blood flow). The damage can also be divided into primary and secondary injury: the cell death that ...
Dupuytren's contracture A condition that causes the fingers to curve inward and may also affect the palm. The condition is more ... In the brain, these produce hematomas (i.e., pools of blood within the skull). The other kind is an ischemic stroke in which ... Cerebrovascular disease damage to the blood vessels in the brain, resulting in a stroke - either ischemic (a blocked blood ...
... prevented knee flexion contractures and reduced complications, including further amputation, from external trauma such as falls ... "Circulator boot therapy alters the natural history of ischemic limb ulceration". Vascular Medicine. 5 (1): 21-5. doi:10.1191/ ...
This impairment of blood supply leads to hyperemia and congestion, and ultimately to ischaemic necrosis and cellular death. The ... with left dorsal displacement are sometimes treated with exercise and/or phenylephrine-a medication that causes contracture of ...
Once joint contractures- fixed deformities - develop or joint subluxation or dislocation occurs, surgical treatment could ... movement therapy enhances AMPA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in the ipsilateral hemisphere following ischemic stroke ... together with stretching programs to limit contractures. Physiotherapists can teach parents how to position and handle their ... Orthopaedic surgery as mentioned above involves releasing tight muscles and fixed joint contractures, and corrective ...
... ischemic ulcer) Arteriosclerosis obliterans Bier spots Blueberry muffin baby Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome (Wyburn-Mason ... protuberans Desmoid tumor Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis Diffuse infantile fibromatosis Dupuytren's contracture (Dupuytren's ...
Republished as: Kulowski, J (2007). "Flexion contracture of the knee: The mechanics of the muscular contracture and the ... It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to ... 10-1. ISBN 978-81-8419-181-3. Kulowski, Jacob (July 1932). "Flexion contracture of the knee". The Journal of Bone and Joint ...
The condition is also called Volkmann ischemic contracture. ... The condition is also called Volkmann ischemic contracture. ... Volkmann contracture is a deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm. ... Volkmann contracture is a deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm. ... Stevanovic MV, Sharpe F. Compartment syndrome and Volkmann ischemic contracture. In: Wolfe SW, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, Cohen MS ...
Volkmann contracture (see the image below) is a permanent shortening of forearm muscles, usually resulting from injury, that ... Volkmann contracture (or Volkmann ischemic contracture) is a permanent shortening (contracture) of forearm muscles, usually ... A variant of Volkmann ischemic contracture known as pseudo-Volkmann contracture has also been described in the literature. [12 ... Tang H, Zhang SC, Tan ZY, Zhu HW, Zhang QL, Li M. Functional reconstruction of ischemic contracture in the lower limb. Chin J ...
Injury: volkmanns ischemic contracture. Each student will upload a six-session of physical therapy on the injury that they ...
The stone heart syndrome (or Ischemic myocardial contracture) is a Global ischemic contracture of the heart, leading to a firm ... Cooley, D. A.; Reul, G. J.; Wukasch, D. C. (1975). "Ischemic myocardial contracture (stone heart). A complication of cardiac ... Cooley, Denton A.; Reul, George J.; Wukasch, Don C. (April 1972). "Ischemic contracture of the heart: Stone heart". The ...
Ischaemic contracture. *Myositis ossificans. *Osteoarthritis. Pathophysiology Edit Main article: Bone healing. Stages in ...
BUNNELL S. Ischaemic contracture, local, in the hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1953 Jan. 35-A (1):88-101. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Non-ischemic contractures of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971 Oct. 53 (7):1313-31. [QxMD MEDLINE ...
Increased muscle tone and contracture late after ischemic stroke Carina Ulla Persson, Lukas Holmegaard, Petra Redfors, ... anterior circulation ischemic stroke: a multi-center MRI study P. Frid, M. Drake, A. K. Giese, J. Wasselius, M. D. Schirmer, K ... Serum erythropoietin and outcome after ischaemic stroke: a prospective study. N David Ã…berg, Tara M Stanne, Katarina Jood, ... Pathogenic Ischemic Stroke Phenotypes in the NINDS-Stroke Genetics Network Hakan Ay, Ethem Murat Arsava, Gunnar Andsberg, ...
Volkmanns ischemic contracture is the functionless, claw-hand deformity that results from untreated forearm ischemia. ... Blood ceases to perfuse the cells and the tissues become ischemic (2). A further complication is that hypoxic cells will ... Paresthesia will ultimately develop as nerve conduction slows in hypoxic/ischemic conditions. A later finding in CS, paresis or ... As the intracompartmental pressures increase and exceed the perfusion pressure, tissues become ischemic and may become necrotic ...
Vandenheuvel J, Teixeira R, Song E, Kozin S, Davis W, Rice S (2022). Ischemic Volkmann Contracture From Intrauterine ...
Foot drop develops because of ischemic contracture of the posterior compartment and is seen if the acute syndrome is not ... Blandy JP, Fuller R. March gangrene; ischaemic myositis of the leg muscle from exercise. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1957 Nov. 39-B ( ... Anterior compartment syndrome may follow trauma to the extremity but also can be observed in march gangrene (ie, ischemic ... Regardless of the cause, wide fasciotomy of the anterior compartment must be performed to salvage the ischemic muscles. ...
Ischemic Contracture following Compartment Syndrome Diagnosed 16 Months after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Review ...
... so that ischemic contracture is generated, fracture delayed union or disunion, malunion, joint Complication after numerous ... fracture such as contracture, arthrocleisis.Currently, usually artificial assistance patient does rehabilitation nursing work, ...
Volkmann ischemic contracture * rare, but dreaded complication * may result from elbow hyperflexion casting ...
late-presenting cases without edema, but with extensive full-thickness necrosis and extreme contractures (where fasciotomy is ...
b. may result in ischemic contracture with severe muscle fibrosis and neuropathy and functionless extremity with few treatment ... a. Volkmanns ischemic contracture may develop in delayed diagnosis of forearm compartment syndrome ... B. Nerves may have neuropraxic damage at 4 hours, however greater ischemic time will produce irreversible injury including ... B. Pain with passive stretch is most sensitive clinical finding prior to onset of ischemic dysfunction ...
49, 50] However, dermatomyositis was not associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. [50] ... Children may also develop a tiptoe gait secondary to flexion contracture of the ankles in early childhood ... Risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in adults with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a general population-based ... Children with severe dermatomyositis may develop contractures. Therefore, many patients require long-term therapy. ...
... amide diminished significantly the post-ischemic diastolic contracture. N-Ac-GLP-1(7-34)-amide had no significant effect on ... Thus, the ameliorating action of N-Ac-GLP-1(7-34)amide on the postischemic contracture was mediated by GLP-1 receptors, known ... LVD rose sharply after flow interruption, declining somewhat towards the end of ischemic period, and rising sharply again at ... 3] Ladilov Y, Efe O, Schafer C, et al (2003) Reoxygenation-induced rigor-type contracture. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 35: 1481-1490 ...
... of the main postsurgical complications is the development of ulcers or ischemic necrosis due to pressure from the bandage and/ ... The objective of the present report is to describe the case of a calf with severe contracture of the forelimb flexor tendons ... The objective of the present report is to describe the case of a calf with severe contracture of the superficial and deep ... Figure 7 Dorsal lesion of the pastern joint (A) and fetlock (B) in an untreated severe case of flexor tendon contracture ...
What You Need to Know About Volkmanns Ischemic Contracture byNatasha Edwards ...
Ultrasound should not be applied to ischemic tissue, anesthetized areas, or areas of acute infection nor be used to treat ... It is indicated for tendinitis, bursitis, contractures, osteoarthritis, bone injuries, and complex regional pain syndrome. ...
... manns ischemic contracture (a compartment syndrome), which results from antecubital swelling or facotry to the brachial eoharer ...
Development and prevention of ischemic contracture ("stone heart") in the pig heart. Li, M., Qin, Z., Steen, E., Terry, A., ...
Modulation of ischaemic contracture in mouse hearts: A supraphysiological response to adenosine. Reichelt, M. E., Willems, L. ... Modulation of ischaemic retinal glutamate transport by protein kinase A. Barnett, NL. & Takamoto, K., May 2004, In: ...
Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used ... SyndromesAnterior Compartment SyndromeChronic Exertional Compartment SyndromeIntra-Abdominal HypertensionIschemic Contracture ... SyndromesAnterior Compartment SyndromeChronic Exertional Compartment SyndromeIntra-Abdominal HypertensionIschemic Contracture ...
6 Volkmanns ischemic contracture. 7 Cubitus varus / valgus. Follow - Up:. All the cases were followed-up at 3rd week, 6th week ... Volkmanns ischemic contracture(0.5%), elbow stiffness(5-7%),nerve injury(3- 22%), Ipsilateral fracture of extremity(5%), ...
Volkmann s ischemic contracture. In most cases, the patient should also be given to correct the baseline pefr or fev1. Such ...
Volkmanns Ischemic Contracture. ... Ischemic Muscle and tissue become hypoxic and generate acidosis ... Distal nerve (in first 12 hours) and Muscle (in first 3-4 hours) become ischemic and necrose ...
  • Adhesions between muscle and bone after forearm fracture mimicking mild Volkmann's ischemic contracture. (republica.gt)
  • Emergency fasciotomy is required to prevent progression to Volkmann contracture. (medscape.com)
  • In 1914, Murphy was the first to suggest that fasciotomy might prevent Volkmann contracture. (medscape.com)
  • He also suggested that tissue pressure and fasciotomy were related to the development of contracture. (medscape.com)
  • Regardless of the cause, wide fasciotomy of the anterior compartment must be performed to salvage the ischemic muscles. (medscape.com)
  • Foot drop develops because of ischemic contracture of the posterior compartment and is seen if the acute syndrome is not treated. (medscape.com)
  • In 1881, Richard von Volkmann, MD, first described upper extremity compartment syndrome as the cause of hand flexor muscle contractures (also known as Volkmann's contracture) caused by posttraumatic ischemic muscle injury. (facs.org)
  • Untreated compartment syndrome leads to Volkmanns Ischaemic Contracture. (tipsinplasticsurgery.com)
  • Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive PHYSICAL EXERTION. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1881, Richard von Volkmann attempted to ascribe irreversible contractures of the flexor muscles of the hand to ischemic processes in the forearm, in the belief that the problem was caused by massive venous stasis and simultaneous arterial insufficiency secondary to overly tight bandages. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital flexor tendon contracture in forelimbs is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal abnormalities in neonatal calves. (scielo.org.mx)
  • The objective of the present report is to describe the case of a calf with severe contracture of the forelimb flexor tendons and its surgical correction by tenotomy of the forelimb tendons. (scielo.org.mx)
  • People with moderate or severe contracture who need major surgery may not regain full function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The stone heart syndrome (or Ischemic myocardial contracture) is a Global ischemic contracture of the heart, leading to a firm myocardium and loss of intracavitary volume. (wikipedia.org)
  • SOBEL, B. E. - The association of increased plasma MB CPK activity and irreversible ischemic myocardial injury in the dog. (rbccv.org.br)
  • Resultant ischaemic damage may be irreversible within six hours and can result in long-term morbidity and even death. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Volkmann contracture is a deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Volkmann contracture occurs when there is a lack of blood flow (ischemia) to the forearm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In Volkmann contracture, the muscles of the forearm are severely injured. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Symptoms of Volkmann contracture affect the forearm, wrist, and hand. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Volkmann contracture (see the image below) is a permanent shortening of forearm muscles, usually resulting from injury, that gives rise to a clawlike deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist. (medscape.com)
  • Mild -- contracture of 2 or 3 fingers only, with no or limited loss of feeling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For mild contracture, muscle stretching exercises and splinting the affected fingers may be done. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Outcome is usually good for people with mild contracture. (medlineplus.gov)
  • He suggested that paralysis and contracture came simultaneously as a result of an interruption to the blood supply of the affected muscles. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • The compartments may need to be released to avoid any excessive swelling that can lead to muscle injury and contractures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2. ASHRAF, M. & HALVERSON, C. A. - Structural changes in the freeze-fracture sarcolema of ischemic myocardium. (rbccv.org.br)
  • These incisions give adequate exposure while minimizing postoperative contractures. (facs.org)
  • If the provider suspects Volkmann contracture, detailed questions will be asked about past injury or conditions that affected the arm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The first goal is to prevent the injury that can lead to the contracture. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 6, 7] Decreased blood supply to the hand as a result of injury or primary disease of the vessels of the upper extremity is a leading cause of intrinsic muscle contracture. (medscape.com)
  • Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury results in cerebral palsy (CP), mental retardation, or learning disabilities in surviving children ( Robertson and Finer, 1985 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Contracture of the interosseous, lumbrical, or hypothenar muscles causes the fingers to stiffen and the hand to become deformed and functionally disabled. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, WS type 3 has joint contractures, syndactyly or winged scapulae. (eurorad.org)
  • he was also the first to suggest that elevated tissue pressure may be causally related to ischemic contracture. (medscape.com)
  • This leads to contracture deformities of the fingers, hand, and wrist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Untreated, Volkmann contracture results in partial or complete loss of function of the arm and hand. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1. Bunnell S. Ischaemic contracture, local, in the hand. (handtherapyacademy.com)
  • In 1909, Thomas reviewed the 112 published cases of Volkmann contracture and found fractures to be the predominant cause. (medscape.com)
  • During World War II and subsequently, many cases of Volkmann contracture occurred as a result of high-velocity gunshot wounds that caused fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Initial treatment for Volkmann contracture consists of removal of occlusive dressings or splitting or removal of casts. (medscape.com)
  • Both physical therapy and occupational therapy are vital to the improvement of range of motion and the return of function in patients with Volkmann contracture. (medscape.com)
  • The child had normal birth history and no other significant post-natal ischemic event. (eurorad.org)