Jaw Diseases
Jaw Neoplasms
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Masticatory Muscles
Jaw, Edentulous
Jaw Cysts
Mandible
Motivation for and satisfaction with orthodontic-surgical treatment: a retrospective study of 28 patients. (1/164)
Motivation for starting treatment and satisfaction with treatment results were evaluated on the basis of replies to a 14-item questionnaire and clinical examination of 28 orthognathic patients from 6 months to 2 years after treatment. The most common reasons for seeking professional help were problems in biting and chewing (68 per cent). Another major reason was dissatisfaction with facial appearance (36 per cent). Many patients also complained of temporomandibular joint symptoms (32 per cent) and headache (32 per cent). Women (8/19) were more often dissatisfied with their facial appearance than men (2/9), but the difference was not statistically significant. In agreement with earlier studies, the results of orthognathic treatment fulfilled the expectations of almost every patient. Nearly 100 per cent of the patients (27/28) were satisfied with treatment results, although 40 per cent experienced some degree of numbness in the lips and/or jaw 1 year post-operatively. The most satisfied patients were those who stated temporomandibular disorders as the main reason for seeking treatment and whose PAR-index had improved greatly. The majority of the patients experienced the orthodontic treatment as painful and as the most unpleasant part of the whole treatment, but all the patients were satisfied with the pre-treatment information they were given on orthodontics. Orthodontic-surgical therapy should be of a high professional standard technically, but the psychological aspects are equally important in the treatment protocol. The professionals should make efforts to understand the patient's motivations for and expectations of treatment. Patients should be well prepared for surgery and supported for a long time after to help them to adjust to post-surgical changes. (+info)Possibilities of preventing osteoradionecrosis during complex therapy of tumors of the oral cavity. (2/164)
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of tumors of the head and neck. Their successful treatment is one of the greatest challenges for physicians dealing with oncotherapy. An organic part of the complex therapy is preoperative or postoperative irradiation. Application of this is accompanied by a lower risk of recurrences, and by a higher proportion of cured patients. Unfortunately, irradiation also has a disadvantage: the development of osteoradionecrosis, a special form of osteomyelitis, in some patients (mainly in those cases where irradiation occurs after bone resection or after partial removal of the periosteum). Once the clinical picture of this irradiation complication has developed, its treatment is very difficult. A significant result or complete freedom from complaints can be attained only rarely. Attention must therefore be focussed primarily on prevention, and the oral surgeon, the oncoradiologist and the patient too can all do much to help prevent the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis. Through coupling of an up-to-date, functional surgical attitude with knowledge relating to modern radiology and radiation physics, the way may be opened to forestall this complication that is so difficult to cure. (+info)Progressive septal and palatal perforation secondary to intranasal cocaine abuse. (3/164)
Septal perforation from intranasal cocaine abuse is well recognised. We present a case of progressive septal as well as palatal perforation. Progression from septal perforation to palatal perforation occurred after cessation of intranasal cocaine abuse. This patient had a weakly positive cytoplasmic antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) but no histologic evidence of Wegener's Granulomatosis. The differential diagnosis for septal and palatal perforation is reviewed. This case represents the fifth reported case of palatal perforation secondary to cocaine abuse in the literature, and the second associated with positive C-ANCA. (+info)Submental intubation in a patient with beta-thalassaemia major undergoing elective maxillary and mandibular osteotomies. (4/164)
A 33-yr-old woman with marked maxillo-facial deformities as a result of underlying beta-thalassaemia major was to undergo corrective maxillary and mandibular osteotomies. The placement of an endotracheal tube posed a problem in this patient because of anatomical deformities in her nasal passage, surgical constraints on using the oral route, and reluctance of the patient to have a tracheostomy. This case report describes the use of a submental tracheal intubation technique, and the associated anaesthetic difficulties encountered in patients with this pathology. (+info)Lesions related to the formation of bone, cartilage or cementum arising in the oral area: a statistical study and review of the literature. (5/164)
This report contains a statistical review of 559 cases of lesions forming hard tissues that were diagnosed by the departments of Clinical Pathophysiology and of Pathology at Tokyo Dental College from 1966 to 2001. Sixteen kinds of lesions which were related to the formation of bone, cartilage or cementum were analysed: osteoma, osteo-chondroma, chondroma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, cementifying fibroma, so-called cementoma, cementoblastoma, gigantiform cementoma, periapical cemental dysplasia, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibro-osseous lesion, and fibrous dysplasia of bone. The most common lesion was osteoma (203 cases). There is a marked tendency for this condition to occur in females (201 males cases and 358 female cases). The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 84 years, and the mean was 40.1 years old. Lesions with hard tissue formation were observed most frequently in the third decade and in the mandibular molar region. (+info)Therapeutic use of hyperbaric oxygen for irradiated dental implant patients: a systematic review. (6/164)
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for irradiated patients who require dental implants using data from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The review was prepared according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialist Register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched (Cochrane Library 2002, Issue 2), together with Medline from 1966 or Embase from 1974. Several journals were hand-searched, and fifty-five implant manufacturers were contacted in an attempt to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. The results were that no RCTs comparing HBO with no HBO for implant treatment in irradiated patients were identified. Our principal conclusions are that clinicians ought to be aware and make patients aware of the lack of reliable clinical evidence for or against the clinical effectiveness of HBO therapy in irradiated patients requiring dental implants. There is a need for RCTs to determine the effectiveness of HBO. (+info)Orthognathic surgery in the University of Malaya. (7/164)
This is the first review on orthognathic surgery in Malaysia. The records of a total of 84 patients seen between 1977 and 1999 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya were analysed. Skeletal III deformity formed 85% of the sample with a female dominance of 2 to 1. The patients' age ranged from 17 to 36 years, with a mean of 25.3 years. The common surgical techniques used were combined bilateral sagittal split and Le Fort I osteotomy. The predominant ethnic group was Chinese (n = 58, 69%); followed by Malay (n = 14, 17%) and Indian (n = 12, 14%). (+info)Oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy. (8/164)
In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed. (+info)Jaw diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the surrounding muscles, as well as dental disorders that can impact the jaw. Some common examples include:
1. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD): These are problems with the TMJ and the muscles that control jaw movement. Symptoms may include pain, clicking or popping sounds, and limited movement of the jaw.
2. Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: This is a condition where bone in the jaw dies due to lack of blood supply. It can be caused by radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or certain medications.
3. Dental Cavities: These are holes in the teeth caused by bacteria. If left untreated, they can cause pain, infection, and damage to the jawbone.
4. Periodontal Disease: This is an infection of the gums and bones that support the teeth. Advanced periodontal disease can lead to loss of teeth and damage to the jawbone.
5. Jaw Fractures: These are breaks in the jawbone, often caused by trauma.
6. Oral Cancer: This is a type of cancer that starts in the mouth or throat. If not treated early, it can spread to the jaw and other parts of the body.
7. Cysts and Tumors: These are abnormal growths in the jawbone or surrounding tissues. While some are benign (non-cancerous), others can be malignant (cancerous).
8. Osteomyelitis: This is an infection of the bone, often occurring in the lower jaw. It can cause pain, swelling, and fever.
9. Oral Thrush: This is a fungal infection that causes white patches on the inside of the mouth. If left untreated, it can spread to the jaw and other parts of the body.
10. Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses can sometimes cause pain in the upper jaw.
In medical terms, the jaw is referred to as the mandible (in humans and some other animals), which is the lower part of the face that holds the lower teeth in place. It's a large, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw and serves as a attachment point for several muscles that are involved in chewing and moving the lower jaw.
In addition to the mandible, the upper jaw is composed of two bones known as the maxillae, which fuse together at the midline of the face to form the upper jaw. The upper jaw holds the upper teeth in place and forms the roof of the mouth, as well as a portion of the eye sockets and nasal cavity.
Together, the mandible and maxillae allow for various functions such as speaking, eating, and breathing.
Jaw neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the jawbone (mandible) or maxilla (upper jaw). These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are not considered life-threatening, but they can still cause problems by invading nearby tissues and causing damage. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can spread to other parts of the body and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and effectively.
Jaw neoplasms can present with various symptoms such as swelling, pain, loose teeth, numbness or tingling in the lips or tongue, difficulty chewing or swallowing, and jaw stiffness or limited movement. The diagnosis of jaw neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and sometimes a biopsy to determine the type and extent of the tumor.
Treatment options for jaw neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and medical history. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis (spread) of the neoplasm.
Jaw abnormalities, also known as maxillofacial abnormalities, refer to any structural or functional deviations from the normal anatomy and physiology of the jaw bones (mandible and maxilla) and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as trauma, infection, tumors, or degenerative diseases.
Examples of jaw abnormalities include:
1. Micrognathia: a condition where the lower jaw is underdeveloped and appears recessed or small.
2. Prognathism: a condition where the lower jaw protrudes forward beyond the normal position.
3. Maxillary hypoplasia/aplasia: a condition where the upper jaw is underdeveloped or absent.
4. Mandibular hypoplasia/aplasia: a condition where the lower jaw is underdeveloped or absent.
5. Condylar hyperplasia: a condition where one or both of the condyles (the rounded ends of the mandible that articulate with the skull) continue to grow abnormally, leading to an asymmetrical jaw and facial deformity.
6. TMJ disorders: conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint, causing pain, stiffness, and limited movement.
7. Jaw tumors or cysts: abnormal growths that can affect the function and structure of the jaw bones.
Jaw abnormalities can cause various problems, including difficulty with chewing, speaking, breathing, and swallowing, as well as aesthetic concerns. Treatment options may include orthodontic treatment, surgery, or a combination of both, depending on the severity and nature of the abnormality.
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BAONJ) is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue in the jaw due to the use of bisphosphonate medications. Bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for the treatment and prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and metastatic cancer that has spread to the bones.
BAONJ typically occurs after a dental procedure, such as tooth extraction or oral surgery, that causes trauma to the jawbone. The use of bisphosphonates can interfere with the body's ability to heal from this trauma, leading to the death of bone tissue in the jaw. Symptoms of BAONJ may include pain, swelling, numbness, and exposed bone in the mouth.
The risk of developing BAONJ is low but increases with higher doses and longer durations of bisphosphonate use. Dental care before starting bisphosphonate therapy and regular dental check-ups during treatment are recommended to reduce the risk of developing BAONJ. If BAONJ does develop, treatment may include antibiotics, pain management, and surgical debridement or removal of necrotic bone tissue.
Masticatory muscles are a group of skeletal muscles responsible for the mastication (chewing) process in humans and other animals. They include:
1. Masseter muscle: This is the primary muscle for chewing and is located on the sides of the face, running from the lower jawbone (mandible) to the cheekbone (zygomatic arch). It helps close the mouth and elevate the mandible during chewing.
2. Temporalis muscle: This muscle is situated in the temporal region of the skull, covering the temple area. It assists in closing the jaw, retracting the mandible, and moving it sideways during chewing.
3. Medial pterygoid muscle: Located deep within the cheek, near the angle of the lower jaw, this muscle helps move the mandible forward and grind food during chewing. It also contributes to closing the mouth.
4. Lateral pterygoid muscle: Found inside the ramus (the vertical part) of the mandible, this muscle has two heads - superior and inferior. The superior head helps open the mouth by pulling the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) downwards, while the inferior head assists in moving the mandible sideways during chewing.
These muscles work together to enable efficient chewing and food breakdown, preparing it for swallowing and digestion.
"Edentulous jaw" is a medical term used to describe a jaw that is missing all of its natural teeth. The term "edentulous" is derived from the Latin word "edentulus," which means "without teeth." This condition can affect either the upper jaw (maxilla) or the lower jaw (mandible), or both, resulting in a significant impact on an individual's ability to eat, speak, and maintain proper facial structure.
Edentulism is often associated with aging, as tooth loss becomes more common in older adults due to factors like gum disease, tooth decay, and injury. However, it can also affect younger individuals who have lost their teeth due to various reasons. Dental professionals typically recommend the use of dentures or dental implants to restore oral function and aesthetics for patients with edentulous jaws.
A jaw cyst is a pathological cavity filled with fluid or semi-fluid material, which forms within the jaw bones. They are typically classified as odontogenic (developing from tooth-forming tissues) or non-odontogenic (developing from other tissues). The most common types of odontogenic jaw cysts include dentigerous cysts (formed around the crown of an unerupted tooth) and follicular cysts (formed from the inflammation of a developing tooth's tissue). Non-odontogenic cysts, such as nasopalatine duct cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors, can also occur in the jaw bones. Jaw cysts may cause symptoms like swelling, pain, or displacement of teeth, but some may not present any symptoms until they grow large enough to be detected on a radiographic examination. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cyst and, if necessary, reconstruction of the affected bone.
Osteonecrosis is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to the disruption of blood supply. Also known as avascular necrosis, this process can lead to the collapse of the bone and adjacent joint surfaces, resulting in pain, limited mobility, and potential deformity if left untreated. Osteonecrosis most commonly affects the hips, shoulders, and knees, but it can occur in any bone. The condition may be caused by trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, certain medical conditions (like sickle cell disease or lupus), or for no apparent reason (idiopathic).
The masseter muscle is a strong chewing muscle in the jaw. It is a broad, thick, quadrilateral muscle that extends from the zygomatic arch (cheekbone) to the lower jaw (mandible). The masseter muscle has two distinct parts: the superficial part and the deep part.
The superficial part of the masseter muscle originates from the lower border of the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the anterior two-thirds of the inferior border of the zygomatic arch. The fibers of this part run almost vertically downward to insert on the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible and the coronoid process.
The deep part of the masseter muscle originates from the deep surface of the zygomatic arch and inserts on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible, blending with the temporalis tendon.
The primary function of the masseter muscle is to elevate the mandible, helping to close the mouth and clench the teeth together during mastication (chewing). It also plays a role in stabilizing the jaw during biting and speaking. The masseter muscle is one of the most powerful muscles in the human body relative to its size.
The mandible, also known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the human face. It forms the lower portion of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in various functions such as mastication (chewing), speaking, and swallowing. The mandible is a U-shaped bone that consists of a horizontal part called the body and two vertical parts called rami.
The mandible articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) located in front of each ear, allowing for movements like opening and closing the mouth, protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. The mandible contains the lower teeth sockets called alveolar processes, which hold the lower teeth in place.
In medical terminology, the term "mandible" refers specifically to this bone and its associated structures.
Edentulous partially refers to a condition where some teeth are missing in the jaw but not all. In other words, it is a state of having fewer teeth than normal for that particular dental arch. A dental arch can be either the upper or lower jaw.
In medical terms, "edentulous" means lacking teeth. So, when we say "jaw, edentulous, partially," it indicates a jaw that has some missing teeth. This condition is different from being completely edentulous, which refers to having no teeth at all in the dental arch.
Being edentulous or partially edentulous can impact an individual's ability to eat, speak, and affect their overall quality of life. Dental professionals often recommend various treatment options, such as dentures, bridges, or implants, to restore functionality and aesthetics for those who are partially edentulous.
Bite force refers to the amount of force or pressure that can be exerted by the teeth and jaw when biting down or clenching together. It is a measure of an individual's maximum biting strength, typically expressed in units such as pounds (lb) or newtons (N). Bite force is an important factor in various biological and medical contexts, including oral health, nutrition, and the study of animal behavior and evolution.
In humans, bite force can vary widely depending on factors such as age, sex, muscle strength, and dental health. On average, a healthy adult human male may have a maximum bite force of around 150-200 pounds (670-890 newtons), while an adult female may have a bite force of around 100-130 pounds (445-578 newtons). However, these values can vary significantly from person to person.
Abnormalities in bite force can be indicative of various medical conditions or injuries, such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), muscle weakness, or neurological disorders affecting the facial muscles. Assessing and measuring bite force may also be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of dental treatments or appliances, such as dentures or orthodontic devices.
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Remission of aggressive autoimmune disease (dermatomyositis) with removal of infective jaw pathology and ozone therapy: review...![PagetĀ“s disease of the mandible: a differential diagnosis of the osteomyelitis of the jaw]. | Swiss Dent J;124(3): 325-32,...](data:image/png;base64,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)
PagetĀ“s disease of the mandible: a differential diagnosis of the osteomyelitis of the jaw]. | Swiss Dent J;124(3): 325-32,...
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