Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption
Tooth Eruption
Sarcoma, Kaposi
Secondary bacterial infections complicating skin lesions. (1/32)
Secondary bacterial infection in skin lesions is a common problem. This review summarises a series of studies of the microbiology of several of these infections: scabies, psoriasis, poison ivy, atopic dermatitis, eczema herpeticum and kerion. Staphylococcus aureus and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci were the most prevalent aerobes and were isolated from all body sites. In contrast, organisms that reside in the mucous membranes close to the lesions predominated in infections next to these membranes. In this fashion, enteric gram-negative bacilli and Bacteroides spp. were found most often in buttock and leg lesions. The probable sources of these organisms are the rectum and vagina, where they normally reside. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp. were most commonly found in lesions of the head, face, neck and fingers. These organisms probably reached these sites from the oral cavity, where they are part of the normal flora. This review highlights the polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic microbiology of secondarily infected skin lesions. (+info)Selective killing of vaccinia virus by LL-37: implications for eczema vaccinatum. (2/32)
Possible bioterrorism with smallpox has led to the resumption of smallpox (vaccinia virus) immunization. One complication, eczema vaccinatum, occurs primarily in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Skin lesions of patients with AD, but not psoriasis, is deficient in the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (LL-37) and human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2). We hypothesized that this defect may explain the susceptibility of patients with AD to eczema vaccinatum. The Wyeth vaccine strain of vaccinia virus was incubated with varying concentrations of human (LL-37) and murine (CRAMP) cathelicidins, human alpha-defensin (HBD-1, HBD-2), and a control peptide. Outcomes included quantification of viral PFU, vaccinia viral gene expression by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and changes in virion structure by transmission electron microscopy. CRAMP knockout mice and control animals were inoculated by skin pricks with 2 x 10(5) PFU of vaccinia and examined daily for pox development. Physiologic amounts of human and murine cathelicidins (10-50 micro M), but not human defensins, which had antibacterial activity, resulted in the in vitro reduction of vaccinia viral plaque formation (p < 0.0001), vaccinia mRNA expression (p < 0.001), and alteration of vaccinia virion structure. In vivo vaccinia pox formation occurred in four of six CRAMP knockout animals and in only one of 15 control mice (p < 0.01). These data support a role for cathelicidins in the inhibition of orthopox virus (vaccinia) replication both in vitro and in vivo. Susceptibility of patients with AD to eczema vaccinatum may be due to a deficiency of cathelicidin. (+info)Cathelicidin deficiency predisposes to eczema herpeticum. (3/32)
BACKGROUND: The cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides is an integral component of the innate immune response that exhibits activity against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Eczema herpeticum (ADEH) develops in a subset of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) because of disseminated infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the potential role of cathelicidins in host susceptibility to HSV infection. METHODS: Glycoprotein D was measured by means of real-time RT-PCR as a marker of HSV replication in skin biopsy specimens and human keratinocyte cultures. Cathelicidin expression was evaluated in skin biopsy specimens from patients with AD (n = 10) without a history of HSV skin infection and from patients with ADEH (n = 10). RESULTS: The cathelicidin peptide LL-37 (human cathelicidin) exhibited activity against HSV in an antiviral assay, with significant killing (P < .001) within the physiologic range. The importance of cathelicidins in antiviral skin host defense was confirmed by the observation of higher levels of HSV-2 replication in cathelicidin-deficient (Cnlp-/-) mouse skin (2.6 +/- 0.5 pg HSV/pg GAPDH, P < .05) compared with that seen in skin from their wild-type counterparts (0.9 +/- 0.3). Skin from patients with ADEH exhibited significantly (P < .05) lower levels of cathelicidin protein expression than skin from patients with AD. We also found a significant inverse correlation between cathelicidin expression and serum IgE levels (r2 = 0.46, P < .05) in patients with AD and patients with ADEH. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the cathelicidin peptide LL-37 possesses antiviral activity against HSV and demonstrates the importance of variable skin expression of cathelicidins in controlling susceptibility to ADEH. Additionally, serum IgE levels might be a surrogate marker for innate immune function and serve as a biomarker for which patients with AD are susceptible to ADEH. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A deficiency of LL-37 might render patients with AD susceptible to ADEH. Therefore increasing production of skin LL-37 might prevent herpes infection in patients with AD. (+info)Mini outbreak of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in skin ward: a study of five cases. (4/32)
BACKGROUND: Kaposis varicelliform eruption (KVE) represents widespread cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in patients with preexisting dermatoses. Occasionally, this infection can present as a nosocomial infection in skin wards, if adequate bed-spacing and barrier nursing methods are not followed. We are reporting five cases of KVE; four cases acquired the infection in a makeshift ward after admission of the first case in May 2005, due to the renovation work of the regular skin ward. AIM: The purpose of this study is to create clinical awareness about this uncommon dermatologic entity and to stress upon the importance of bed-spacing and barrier nursing in skin wards. METHODS: Five cases of KVE, three females and two males with different primary dermatoses (pemphigus foliaceus--one, pemphigus vulgaris--two, paraneoplastic pemphigus--one and toxic epidemal necrolysis--one) were included in this study. Diagnosis was made clinically and supported with Tzanck smear and HSV serology. All the cases were treated with oral acyclovir. RESULTS: Four out of five cases of KVE recovered with treatment, one case of extensive pemphigus vulgaris with KVE succumbed to death. CONCLUSION: Mini outbreaks of KVE can occur in skin wards with inadequate bed-spacing and overcrowding of patients. Therefore adequate bed-spacing, barrier nursing and isolation of suspected cases are mandatory to prevent such life-threatening infections. (+info)Severe eczema vaccinatum in a household contact of a smallpox vaccinee. (5/32)
(+info)Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum). (6/32)
A 35-year-old woman with a history of atopic diathesis presented to the emergency department with 2 weeks of widespread facial vesiculopustules and eroded vesicles. HSV-1 was found on viral culture and direct fluorescent antibody testing. She was diagnosed with eczema herpeticum, an uncommon and potentially life-threatening viral infection that arises in areas of pre-existing dermatosis. Antiviral treatment for eczema herpeticum is very effective, and should be instituted without delay to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. (+info)Analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 restriction fragment length polymorphism variants associated with herpes gladiatorum and Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in sumo wrestlers. (7/32)
(+info)Inhibition of NK cell activity by IL-17 allows vaccinia virus to induce severe skin lesions in a mouse model of eczema vaccinatum. (8/32)
(+info)Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a cutaneous disorder that results from the dissemination of the Herpesviridae family of viruses, most commonly herpes simplex virus (HSV), in individuals with underlying dermatologic conditions. The term "Kaposi" refers to the dermatologist who first described this condition, and "varicelliform" indicates the appearance of the rash, which resembles that seen in varicella or chickenpox.
In KVE, the affected individual's pre-existing skin disorder, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or Darier disease, facilitates the entry and spread of the virus, leading to a widespread, severe skin eruption. The lesions typically appear as vesicles, pustules, and crusted papules, covering large areas of the body. They can be painful, pruritic (itchy), or associated with constitutional symptoms like fever and malaise.
KVE is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as secondary bacterial infections, scarring, and systemic spread of the virus. Treatment usually involves antiviral medications, often given systemically, along with supportive care for the skin lesions.
Tooth eruption is the process by which a tooth emerges from the gums and becomes visible in the oral cavity. It is a normal part of dental development that occurs in a predictable sequence and timeframe. Primary or deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around 6 months of age and continue to emerge until approximately 2-3 years of age. Permanent or adult teeth start to erupt around 6 years of age and can continue to emerge until the early twenties.
The process of tooth eruption involves several stages, including the formation of the tooth within the jawbone, the movement of the tooth through the bone and surrounding tissues, and the final emergence of the tooth into the mouth. Proper tooth eruption is essential for normal oral function, including chewing, speaking, and smiling. Any abnormalities in the tooth eruption process, such as delayed or premature eruption, can indicate underlying dental or medical conditions that require further evaluation and treatment.
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that causes abnormal growths in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs. It is caused by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). There are several forms of KS, including:
1. Classic KS: This form primarily affects older men of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, or Ashkenazi Jewish descent. It tends to progress slowly and mainly involves the skin.
2. Endemic KS: Found in parts of Africa, this form predominantly affects children and young adults, regardless of their HIV status.
3. Immunosuppression-associated KS: This form is more aggressive and occurs in people with weakened immune systems due to organ transplantation or other causes.
4. Epidemic KS (AIDS-related KS): This is the most common form of KS, seen primarily in people with HIV/AIDS. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced its incidence.
KS lesions can appear as red, purple, or brown spots on the skin and may also affect internal organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, or gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the lesions but often include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. Treatment options depend on the extent and severity of the disease and may involve local therapies (e.g., radiation, topical treatments), systemic therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy), or a combination of these approaches.
Eczema herpeticum
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Known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption2
- It is also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption, Pustulosis varioliformis acute and Kaposi-Juliusberg dermatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- The diagnosis is eczema herpeticum, also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption. (racgp.org.au)
Kaposi's varicell3
- Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum) is the name given to a distinct cutaneous eruption caused by herpes simplex and certain other viruses that infect persons with preexisting dermatosis. (bvsalud.org)
- We report a case of a three-year-old atopic child who presented with extensive vesicular eruption suggestive of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. (bvsalud.org)
- Specialist dermatology services delivered by asynchronous store and forward technology are applicable to all inflammatory skin conditions referred including skin cancer management, eczema, psoriasis, acne, bacterial impetigo, Kaposi's varicelliform eruption and amoxicillin-induced drug eruption. (msac.gov.au)
Pathophysiology1
- To date, the pathophysiology of Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) remains unclear. (medscape.com)
Vaccinia3
- Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is the name given to a distinct cutaneous eruption caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, HSV-2, coxsackievirus A16, or vaccinia virus that infects a preexisting dermatosis. (medscape.com)
- Another cause of Kaposi varicelliform eruption is vaccination with vaccinia for the prevention of smallpox. (medscape.com)
- A disseminated vesicular-pustular eruption caused by the herpes simplex virus ( HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS ), the VACCINIA VIRUS , or Varicella zoster ( HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN ). (nih.gov)
Complication1
- Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum) is a well-recognized complication of AD. (medscape.com)
Herpes virus1
- Tissue biopsy in Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) shows changes characteristic of herpes virus infection, notably ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes with multinucleated epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
Dermatologist1
- Eczema herpeticum was first described by Hungarian dermatologist Moriz Kaposi in 1887. (wikipedia.org)
Viral1
- In addition, the neutrophil cutaneous manifestations showed an increase in the amount of IL-17A, IL-17F, and CXCL2, overall showing that a decrease in IL-10 and an increase in IL-17 production resulted in increased systemic viral eruption. (medscape.com)
Human1
- Some sources reserve the term "eczema herpeticum" when the cause is due to human herpes simplex virus, and the term "Kaposi varicelliform eruption" to describe the general presentation without specifying the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Type1
- Eczema herpeticum, or HSV-associated Kaposi varicelliform eruption, describes eczema secondarily infected with HSV (type 1 or type 2). (mdedge.com)
Eczema6
- Some sources reserve the term "eczema herpeticum" when the cause is due to human herpes simplex virus, and the term "Kaposi varicelliform eruption" to describe the general presentation without specifying the virus. (wikipedia.org)
- Eczema herpeticum was first described by Hungarian dermatologist Moriz Kaposi in 1887. (wikipedia.org)
- eczema herpeticum" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary "Kaposi varicelliform eruption" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Brook I, Frazier EH, Yeager JK (April 1998). (wikipedia.org)
- Eczema coxsackium is a form of Kaposi varicelliform eruption, and has been described as atypical hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM) . (dermnetnz.org)
- Kaposi varicelliform eruption (eczema herpeticum) is a well-recognized complication of AD. (medscape.com)
- Eczema herpeticum, or Kaposi varicelliform eruption, is a superficial, widespread, cutaneous infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or 2 in a patient with preexisting skin disease. (logicalimages.com)
Kaposi's Varicell3
- Bullous mycosis fungoides: report of a case complicated by Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. (medscape.com)
- Kaposi's varicelliform eruption: a case report and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
- We present a PRP patient who developed Kaposi's varicelliform eruption followed by a pseudomonal superinfection three months after initiation of ixekizumab. (bvsalud.org)
Herpesvirus1
- A disseminated vesicular-pustular eruption caused by the herpes simplex virus ( HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS ), the VACCINIA VIRUS , or Varicella zoster ( HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN ). (nih.gov)
Infection1
- Kaposi varicelliform eruption is an infection of a dermatosis by pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1, HSV-2, coxsackievirus A16, or vaccinia virus. (healthplexus.net)
Atopic1
- It is characterised by an eruption of vesicles , bullae , and erosions affecting areas of active or inactive atopic dermatitis. (dermnetnz.org)
Eczematous1
- A monomorphic eruption of dome-shaped blisters and pustules in the eczematous lesions along with severe systemic illness lead to the clinical diagnosis, but atypical variants with disseminated slits may also occur. (nih.gov)
Disease1
- Kaposi-Juliusberg varicelliform eruption in patients suffering from Darier-White Disease: a case report and review of the literature. (medscape.com)