Lactation Disorders
Lactation
Milk
Pregnancy
Bipolar Disorder
Animals, Suckling
Mental Disorders
Weaning
Milk, Human
Ginger
Rhizome
Plant Extracts
Fatty Alcohols
Gastrointestinal Diseases
The human ARHI tumor suppressor gene inhibits lactation and growth in transgenic mice. (1/72)
ARHI is a novel imprinted tumor suppressor gene. To study its function in vivo, we have developed transgenic mice that overexpress ARHI. Offspring bearing the transgene had significantly lower body weights than did nontransgenic littermates. In addition, strong expression of the ARHI transgene was associated with greatly impaired mammary gland development and lactation, failure of ovarian folliculogenesis resulting in decreased fertility, loss of neurons in the cerebellar cortex, and impaired development of the thymus. Decrease in body size and defects in the mammary glands correlated with the level of transgene expression. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that expression of prolactin (PRL), but not growth hormone, was lower in the pituitary glands of mice with defective mammary gland development. The defect in pregnancy-associated mammary tissue proliferation was associated with decreased serum PRL and progesterone levels. Moreover, lower levels of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were observed in postpartum mammary glands and in the ovaries of mice that overexpressed ARHI. Our data suggest that ARHI can inhibit PRL secretion and act as a negative regulator in murine growth and development. (+info)Lactation defect in mice lacking the helix-loop-helix inhibitor Id2. (2/72)
Id proteins are thought to be negative regulators of cell differentiation and positive regulators of cell proliferation. Mammary glands of Id2(-/-) female mice reveal severely impaired lobulo-alveolar development during pregnancy. Id2(-/-) mammary epithelia show no precocious maturation, but instead exhibit intrinsic defects in both cell proliferation and cell survival, implying that the role of Id2 in pregnant mammary epithelia is mainly stimulation of cell proliferation and support of cell viability. Expression studies of genes required for mammary gland development suggest Id2 to be a downstream or parallel factor of these genes. A decrease in the DNA binding activity of Stat5 was also observed in Id2(-/-) mammary glands at 7 days post-coitus. Our results indicate an indispensable role of Id2 in pregnant mammary glands. (+info)Knowledge of newborn health care among pregnant women: basis for promotional and educational programs on breastfeeding. (3/72)
CONTEXT: Promotional and educational programs relating to breast feeding are important for reversing the decline in this practice. Most programs are centered exclusively on breast feeding, although general knowledge about newborn health care may be important, especially among pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: To study pregnant women's knowledge about general health care of newborns, including breast feeding aspects. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Prof. Samuel Barnsley Pessoa Health School Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: All pregnant women who were registered in the prenatal care program during six consecutive months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Aspects of the current gestation, previous gestations and childbirth, knowledge of the general aspects of newborn health care and of breast feeding practices. RESULTS: The results show that only a little over half of the pregnant women had received any information on newborn health care. Misinformation was clearly present regarding proper care of the umbilical stump and the nature of jaundice, and worst regarding how to treat oral thrush and jaundice, and about vaccination. In relation to breast feeding, even though almost all the pregnant women declared their intention to breast feeding, less than half had a concrete response regarding how long to do it for. The low rates obtained in the topics dealing with the duration, nursing intervals and the attitude to be taken towards hypogalactia show unfamiliarity with the breast feeding technique. The "weak milk" belief, the misinformation about contraceptive methods during breast feeding and the cost of artificial formulas also have a negative impact on this practice. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women's knowledge of newborn health care is low, as much in the aspects of general care as in relation to the practice of breast feeding. These findings must be taken into consideration in educative programs promoting breast feeding. (+info)Obesity may impair lactogenesis II. (4/72)
Data from livestock species and experimental animal models suggest that excess body fatness may impair lactogenesis. For example, it has long been known that overfed dairy cows are at risk of fat cow syndrome, a condition characterized by lactation failure in the early postpartum period. Obese rats often lose their litters in the early postpartum period to primary lactation failure. A negative association between high body mass index (BMI) before conception and the duration of lactation has been documented in studies from diverse human populations. Findings from our laboratory establish that among women who ever attempted to breastfeed their infants, high BMI before conception was also associated with failure to initiate breastfeeding successfully. In a more recent study, we found that high prepregnant BMI was specifically associated with later onset of lactogenesis II. This was mediated by parity but not by breastfeeding behavior. Psychosocial factors related to a woman's intention to breastfeed and her planned duration of breastfeeding did not modify this association. Taken together, these findings in animals and women strongly suggest that maternal obesity in the perinatal period is a cause of delayed lactogenesis. (+info)Maternal and fetal stress are associated with impaired lactogenesis in humans. (5/72)
Studies in animals indicate that various types of stressful stimuli can depress lactation, but there is much less information in humans. Experimental studies in breastfeeding women have shown that acute physical and mental stress can impair the milk ejection reflex by reducing the release of oxytocin during a feed. If this occurs repeatedly, it could reduce milk production by preventing full emptying of the breast at each feed. Prospective observational studies indicate that both maternal and fetal stress during labor and delivery (e.g., urgent Cesarean sections or long duration of labor in vaginal deliveries) are associated with delayed onset of lactation. The effects of chronic emotional stress on lactation are not known. Mothers who experience high levels of stress during and after childbirth should receive additional lactation guidance during the first week or two postpartum. (+info)Lactogenesis and the effects of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and prematurity. (6/72)
The initiation of lactation (lactogenesis II) by the mother must be synchronized to the delivery of the infant, permitting the transition of the newborn from continuous nourishment from the umbilical cord to comparable but intermittent life support from its mother's breasts. The onset of lactogenesis II can be adversely affected by a variety of factors. Over 80% of women who have delivered prematurely and are expressing milk for their infant had a compromised initiation of lactation, that is one or more lactogenesis II markers (lactose, citrate, sodium and total protein) in their milk > 3 SD from the mean of the full-term women on d 5 postpartum. Similarly, the lactogenesis II markers (lactose, citrate and total nitrogen) in the milk of women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus take an additional 24 h to attain the concentrations of normal women. The mechanisms that lead to the development of delayed or compromised onset of lactogenesis II in women are poorly understood and require additional research. (+info)An abnormality of oestrogen feedback in amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea. (7/72)
Fourteen patients with amenorrhoea and hyperprolactin-anemia but no evidence of pituitary tumours were each given an intramuscular injection of 1 mg oestradiol benzoate. Thirteen patients failed to release luteinizing hormone in response to the oestrogen. This hypothalamic abnormality may help to explain the menstrual disturbances in subjects with hyperprolactinaemia. (+info)Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. (8/72)
In 1994-1998, the authors followed 946 breastfeeding women from Michigan and Nebraska for the first 3 months postpartum or until they stopped breastfeeding to describe mastitis incidence, mastitis treatment, and any associations between mastitis occurrence and hypothesized host characteristics and behaviors. Participants were interviewed by telephone at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postpartum or until they ceased breastfeeding. A total of 9.5% reported provider-diagnosed lactation mastitis at least once during the 12-week period, with 64% diagnosed via telephone. After adjustment in a logistic regression model, history of mastitis with a previous child (odds ratio (OR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.64, 6.11), cracks and nipple sores in the same week as mastitis (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.04, 5.51), using an antifungal nipple cream (presumably for nipple thrush) in the same 3-week interval as mastitis (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.37, 8.54), and (for women with no prior mastitis history) using a manual breast pump (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.92, 5.62) strongly predicted mastitis. Feeding fewer than 10 times per day was protective regardless of whether or not feeding frequency in the same week or the week before mastitis was included in the model (for the same week: 7-9 times: OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.41, 1.01; < or =6 times: OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.82). Duration of feeding was not associated with mastitis risk. (+info)Lactation disorders are conditions or problems that affect a woman's ability to breastfeed her baby. These disorders can make it difficult for the mother to produce enough milk, or cause pain and discomfort during breastfeeding. Some common lactation disorders include:
1. Insufficient Glandular Tissue (IGT): This condition occurs when a woman has limited breast tissue, which can make it difficult for her to produce enough milk to fully breastfeed her baby.
2. Engorgement: This happens when the breasts become overly full of milk, causing them to feel hard, swollen, and painful. Engorgement can make it difficult for the baby to latch on properly, which can lead to nipple damage and mastitis.
3. Mastitis: An infection of the breast tissue that can cause pain, redness, warmth, and flu-like symptoms. Mastitis often occurs when a milk duct becomes blocked, allowing bacteria to enter and infect the tissue.
4. Plugged Ducts: This condition occurs when a milk duct becomes clogged or blocked, causing milk to back up and leading to pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area.
5. Nipple Vasospasm: This is a painful spasm of the blood vessels in the nipples, which can cause burning, stinging, or throbbing sensations during or after breastfeeding.
6. Low Milk Supply: This condition occurs when a woman is unable to produce enough milk to meet her baby's needs. Low milk supply can have various causes, including hormonal imbalances, poor latch, and infrequent feedings.
7. Oversupply: This condition occurs when a woman produces too much milk, which can lead to engorgement, plugged ducts, and mastitis.
Prompt identification and management of lactation disorders are essential for ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Women who experience difficulty breastfeeding should consult their healthcare provider or a lactation consultant for guidance and support.
Lactation is the process by which milk is produced and secreted from the mammary glands of female mammals, including humans, for the nourishment of their young. This physiological function is initiated during pregnancy and continues until it is deliberately stopped or weaned off. The primary purpose of lactation is to provide essential nutrients, antibodies, and other bioactive components that support the growth, development, and immune system of newborns and infants.
The process of lactation involves several hormonal and physiological changes in a woman's body. During pregnancy, the hormones estrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth and development of the mammary glands. After childbirth, the levels of these hormones drop significantly, allowing another hormone called prolactin to take over. Prolactin is responsible for triggering the production of milk in the alveoli, which are tiny sacs within the breast tissue.
Another hormone, oxytocin, plays a crucial role in the release or "let-down" of milk from the alveoli to the nipple during lactation. This reflex is initiated by suckling or thinking about the baby, which sends signals to the brain to release oxytocin. The released oxytocin then binds to receptors in the mammary glands, causing the smooth muscles around the alveoli to contract and push out the milk through the ducts and into the nipple.
Lactation is a complex and highly regulated process that ensures the optimal growth and development of newborns and infants. It provides not only essential nutrients but also various bioactive components, such as immunoglobulins, enzymes, and growth factors, which protect the infant from infections and support their immune system.
In summary, lactation is the physiological process by which milk is produced and secreted from the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young. It involves hormonal changes, including the actions of prolactin, oxytocin, estrogen, and progesterone, to regulate the production, storage, and release of milk.
Medically, "milk" is not defined. However, it is important to note that human babies are fed with breast milk, which is the secretion from the mammary glands of humans. It is rich in nutrients like proteins, fats, carbohydrates (lactose), vitamins and minerals that are essential for growth and development.
Other mammals also produce milk to feed their young. These include cows, goats, and sheep, among others. Their milk is often consumed by humans as a source of nutrition, especially in dairy products. However, the composition of these milks can vary significantly from human breast milk.
Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.
Mammary glands are specialized exocrine glands found in mammals, including humans and other animals. These glands are responsible for producing milk, which is used to nurse offspring after birth. The mammary glands are located in the breast region of female mammals and are usually rudimentary or absent in males.
In animals, mammary glands can vary in number and location depending on the species. For example, humans and other primates have two mammary glands, one in each breast. Cows, goats, and sheep, on the other hand, have multiple pairs of mammary glands located in their lower abdominal region.
Mammary glands are made up of several structures, including lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. The lobules contain clusters of milk-secreting cells called alveoli, which produce and store milk. The ducts transport the milk from the lobules to the nipple, where it is released during lactation.
Mammary glands are an essential feature of mammals, as they provide a source of nutrition for newborn offspring. They also play a role in the development and maintenance of the mother-infant bond, as nursing provides opportunities for physical contact and bonding between the mother and her young.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.
Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.
There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:
* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.
"Suckling animals" refers to young mammals that are in the process of nursing from their mother's teats or nipples, typically for the purpose of obtaining milk and nutrition. This behavior is instinctual in newborn mammals and helps to establish a strong bond between the mother and offspring, as well as providing essential nutrients for growth and development.
The duration of suckling can vary widely among different species, ranging from just a few days or weeks in some animals to several months or even years in others. In many cases, suckling also helps to stimulate milk production in the mother, ensuring an adequate supply of milk for her offspring.
Examples of suckling animals include newborn humans, as well as young mammals such as puppies, kittens, piglets, lambs, calves, and fawns, among others.
A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.
Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:
1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.
These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.
Litter size is a term used in veterinary medicine, particularly in relation to breeding of animals. It refers to the number of offspring that are born to an animal during one pregnancy. For example, in the case of dogs or cats, it would be the number of kittens or puppies born in a single litter. The size of the litter can vary widely depending on the species, breed, age, and health status of the parent animals.
Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).
Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.
Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.
Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.
Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant or young child to a new source of nutrition, such as solid foods, while simultaneously decreasing their dependence on breast milk or formula. This process can begin when the child is developmentally ready, typically around 6 months of age, and involves offering them small amounts of pureed or mashed foods to start, then gradually introducing more textured and varied foods as they become comfortable with the new diet. The weaning process should be done slowly and under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure that the child's nutritional needs are being met and to avoid any potential digestive issues.
Human milk, also known as breast milk, is the nutrient-rich fluid produced by the human female mammary glands to feed and nourish their infants. It is the natural and species-specific first food for human babies, providing all the necessary nutrients in a form that is easily digestible and absorbed. Human milk contains a balance of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components that support the growth, development, and immunity of newborns and young infants. Its composition changes over time, adapting to meet the changing needs of the growing infant.
Ginger, in a medical context, refers to the root of the plant Zingiber officinale. It has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years to treat various ailments such as nausea, vomiting, and inflammation. The active components of ginger are called gingerols and shogaols, which have been found to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiemetic properties.
However, it's important to note that while ginger has many potential health benefits, it can also interact with certain medications and may not be suitable for everyone. As with any treatment, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting to use ginger or any other natural remedy.
A rhizome is not typically used as a medical term, but it is a term borrowed from botany that has been adopted in some areas of medicine, particularly in psychiatry and psychotherapy.
In its original botanical sense, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a plant that grows underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. This growth pattern is contrasted with that of a root system, which grows downward, and a stem system, which grows upward.
In psychiatry and psychotherapy, the term "rhizome" has been used as a metaphor to describe a non-hierarchical and decentralized approach to understanding mental processes and subjectivity. The rhizome model emphasizes the complexity, multiplicity, and interconnectedness of these processes, and rejects simplistic or reductionist explanations that focus on a single cause or origin. Instead, it encourages a more holistic and dynamic view of mental life, one that is open to multiple perspectives and interpretations.
It's important to note that the use of the term "rhizome" in this context is metaphorical and not medical in the strict sense. It is a way of thinking about mental processes and subjectivity that has been influenced by poststructuralist and feminist theories, among others.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Fatty alcohols, also known as long-chain alcohols or long-chain fatty alcohols, are a type of fatty compound that contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a long alkyl chain. They are typically derived from natural sources such as plant and animal fats and oils, and can also be synthetically produced.
Fatty alcohols can vary in chain length, typically containing between 8 and 30 carbon atoms. They are commonly used in a variety of industrial and consumer products, including detergents, emulsifiers, lubricants, and personal care products. In the medical field, fatty alcohols may be used as ingredients in certain medications or topical treatments.
Cancer care facilities are healthcare institutions that provide medical and supportive services to patients diagnosed with cancer. These facilities offer a range of treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. They also provide diagnostic services, pain management, rehabilitation, palliative care, and psychosocial support to help patients cope with the physical and emotional challenges of cancer and its treatment.
Cancer care facilities can vary in size and scope, from large academic medical centers that offer cutting-edge clinical trials and specialized treatments, to community hospitals and outpatient clinics that provide more routine cancer care. Some cancer care facilities specialize in specific types of cancer or treatments, while others offer a comprehensive range of services for all types of cancer.
In addition to medical treatment, cancer care facilities may also provide complementary therapies such as acupuncture, massage, and yoga to help patients manage symptoms and improve their quality of life during and after treatment. They may also offer support groups, counseling, and other resources to help patients and their families cope with the challenges of cancer.
Overall, cancer care facilities play a critical role in diagnosing, treating, and supporting patients with cancer, helping them to achieve the best possible outcomes and quality of life.
Gastrointestinal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the organs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for food digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste. These diseases can affect any part of the GI tract, causing various symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
Common gastrointestinal diseases include:
1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.
2. Peptic ulcers - sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Celiac disease - an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
6. Diverticular disease - a condition that affects the colon, causing diverticula (small pouches) to form and potentially become inflamed or infected.
7. Constipation - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, and difficulty passing stools.
8. Diarrhea - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by loose, watery stools and frequent bowel movements.
9. Food intolerances and allergies - adverse reactions to specific foods or food components that can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms.
10. Gastrointestinal infections - caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can lead to a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Catechols are a type of chemical compound that contain a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to it in the ortho position. The term "catechol" is often used interchangeably with "ortho-dihydroxybenzene." Catechols are important in biology because they are produced through the metabolism of certain amino acids, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, and are involved in the synthesis of various neurotransmitters and hormones. They also have antioxidant properties and can act as reducing agents. In chemistry, catechols can undergo various reactions, such as oxidation and polymerization, to form other classes of compounds.
Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis
Mequitazine
Rheumatism
Nipple pain in breastfeeding
Establishment of breastfeeding
Pregnancy and sleep
Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use
Menstrual disorder
Dexmethylphenidate
Methylphenidate
Atomoxetine
Breast
Lithium (medication)
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Nutrition and pregnancy
Progestogen (medication)
Postpartum period
Oxytocin receptor agonist
Human
Vyera Pharmaceuticals
Sucrase
Erotic lactation
Gestrinone
Oxytocin treatment for postpartum depression
Balanites aegyptiaca
Levetiracetam
Hypotonia
Delayed puberty
Dodonaea viscosa
Amitriptyline
Lactation Disorders Summary Report | CureHunter
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Maternal5
- Other changes included the renaming of both the Maternal Health and Lactation Support and Prediabetes and Diabetes modules to reflect a broadened focus, and the combining of two modules from the 2014 version, Signs and Symptoms of Health Attack and Stroke and Emergency Response to Heart Attack and Stroke, into one comprehensive module titled Heart Attack and Stroke. (cdc.gov)
- The paper, "Facilitators and Barriers to Disclosure of Postpartum Mood Disorder Symptoms to a Healthcare Provider," is published in the Maternal and Child Health Journal . (eurekalert.org)
- Disease states, for example facial eczema (liver disease), sepsis and maternal pregnancy and lactation-related metabolic disorders. (auckland.ac.nz)
- During lactation, a maternal daily dose of 6000 IU vitamin D/d is effective and safe at elevating milk vitamin D delivery to the recipient infant in such a manner that those infants do not require an additional vitamin D supplement. (vitamindwiki.com)
- Oxytocin is a hormone of the posterior pituitary that promotes lactation, maternal bonding, and birth. (frontiersin.org)
Pregnancy or lactation2
- also known as pregnancy-related osteoporosis) is a rare early presentation of osteoporosis in which young women experience low trauma or spontaneous fractures during or soon after pregnancy or lactation. (wikipedia.org)
- Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. (vitacost.com)
Mood Disorders2
- A recent study from North Carolina State University finds that 21 percent of recent mothers experiencing postpartum mood disorders (PPMDs), such as anxiety and depression, do not disclose their symptoms to healthcare providers. (eurekalert.org)
- We know that 10-20 percent of women experience significant mood disorders after childbirth, and those disorders can adversely affect the physical and emotional well-being of both mothers and children," Prevatt says. (eurekalert.org)
Drugs1
- Drugs and environmental agents in pregnancy and lactation: teratology, epidemiology, and patient management. (medlineplus.gov)
Metabolic disorders4
- Moreover, clinical ketosis preludes fatty liver syndrome, whereby circulating lipids that are not metabolized are deposited within the liver, resulting in further reduction in metabolic capacity and increasing risk of subsequent metabolic disorders. (biomin.net)
- Prior to calving, the immune response also decreases, leaving the cow more susceptible to pathogens and other metabolic disorders. (biomin.net)
- Monitoring NEFA levels in blood or BHB levels in blood or milk in the fresh period can give an assessment of ketosis risk and severity, as well as an indication of probability of developing other secondary metabolic disorders. (biomin.net)
- Monitoring ketosis prevalence is a valuable management tool due to the close association with development of other metabolic disorders. (biomin.net)
Postpartum4
- Stages of observation included preconception period, pregnancy, postpartum period, lactation period and long-term period (6 month after the end of lactation). (reproduct-endo.com)
- The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the underlying disorders and effective treatment of postpartum anoestrus. (scialert.net)
- Although, the significant effects of postpartum anoestrus are well known, the prevalence of underlying disorders and effective remedies in Bangladeshi crossbred cows is not well studied. (scialert.net)
- Hence, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of underlying disorders and to evaluate the effective treatment of the postpartum anoestrus in crossbred dairy cows. (scialert.net)
Bipolar disorder4
- The introduction of lithium salts almost a century ago and the subsequent approval of lithium carbonatefor the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder represent one of the cornerstones of modernpsychopharmacology. (psychiatrist.com)
- The onset of bipolar disorder in women often occurs during the childbearingyears, which complicates the treatment decisions secondary to the possibility of conception while takingmedication. (psychiatrist.com)
- Rhodiola should not be taken by individuals with bipolar disorder. (vitacost.com)
- Prior to initiating treatment with DESYREL or another antidepressant, screen patients for a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
Polycystic Ovary Sy1
- It is caused by various disorders of the endocrine system: polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, tumor formations. (collegecandy.com)
Musculoskeletal Disorders3
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. (wikipedia.org)
- Finally, the updated ScoreCard includes four new modules featuring evidence-based strategies on emerging worksite health topics: Cancer, Alcohol and Other Substance Use, Sleep and Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Disorders. (cdc.gov)
- Even though it is originated to treat musculoskeletal disorders.But on the other hand, many athletics and bodybuilders quickly start taking interest in this product. (ipsnews.net)
Infertility1
- Members of the workgroup on female reproductive disorders discussed methods to evaluate five principal functions: menstrual dysfunction, infertility, pregnancy loss, pregnancy complications, and lactation disorders. (cdc.gov)
Fragility1
- We study osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is a rare, genetic connective tissue disorder most characterized by bone fragility. (rarediseasesnetwork.org)
MILK2
- Milk yield is related to stage of lactation. (merckvetmanual.com)
- these cows may produce up to 25% more milk volume than first lactation cows. (merckvetmanual.com)
Cows1
- The prevalence of anoestrus was 18.5% (83 out of 448 cows) as reported by the farmers with silent estrus 53.0% (n = 44), true anoestrus 42.2% (n = 35), cystic ovarian disease 2.4% (n = 2) and uterine infections 2.4% (n = 2) as the underlying disorders. (scialert.net)
Diseases2
- Ultrasound findings of the physiological changes and most common breast diseases during pregnancy and lactation. (reproduct-endo.com)
- It was updated in 2013 to include four additional topics related to worksite health (lactation supports, occupational health and safety, vaccine preventable diseases and community resources) which were tested through CDC's National Healthy Worksite Program (NHWP). (cdc.gov)
Medications2
- In this paper, the available data on the useof antimanic medications during pregnancy and lactation are reviewed with an emphasis on providinga realistic risk/benefit assessment for medication selection and management of these patients. (psychiatrist.com)
- bleeding disorder) or take medications, please consult with your doctor before use. (herbspro.com)
Fetus1
- While much has been written about the importance of vitamin D during the lifespan, its greatest impact appears to be during pregnancy and lactation, affecting not only the mother but her growing fetus and, later, growing infant. (vitamindwiki.com)
Gastrointestinal disorders2
- This program is intended for pediatric registered dietitians and clinicians who specialize in gastrointestinal disorders, nutrition support, transplant and/or neonatal nutrition. (choc.org)
- Calcium folinate rescue has to be performed by parenteral administration in patients with malabsorption syndromes or other gastrointestinal disorders where enteral absorption is not assured. (janusinfo.se)
Chronic1
- Approximately 31% of children diagnosed with chronic mouth breathing (a common symptom of OMD) exhibit an articulation disorder (Hitos, Arakaki, Sole, & Weckx, 2013). (asha.org)
Infants1
- Absorption of levothyroxine may be impaired if Dentinox Infant Colic Drops are given concurrently to infants treated for thyroid disorders. (medicines.org.uk)
Progesterone2
- to establish the clinical efficacy of 1.0% micronized progesterone gel Progestogel® at the preconception stage in order to prevent lactation disorders in women with fibrocystic breast disease (FBD). (reproduct-endo.com)
- Transdermal 1.0% micronized progesterone gel in the preconception preparation associated with no complications of the early lactation period in 83.3% of patients and provided a long (12 months) lactation process in 66.7% of patients. (reproduct-endo.com)
Renal1
- Renal Toxicity: Cases of acute renal failure, renal tubular disorders and increase in serum creatinine have occurred. (nih.gov)
Women3
- Examination of this group of patients in the long-term period (6 month after the end of lactation) showed no clinical manifestations of the breast disease (pain syndrome and edema) in 24 (80.0%) women and regression of ultrasound signs of FBD in 21 (70.0%) patients. (reproduct-endo.com)
- Pregnant women with alcohol use disorder should join a rehabilitation program and be checked closely by a health care provider throughout pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Nutrition and medical support during pregnancy and lactation in women with inborn errors of intermediary metabolism disorders (IEMDs). (cdc.gov)
Health6
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health issue. (nature.com)
- Standardized assessment of birth defects and reproductive disorders in environmental health field studies. (cdc.gov)
- Health disorders or other management problems that reduce longevity have a negative impact on productivity. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Finally, we suggest updated evidence-based strategies for use by health professionals during pregnancy and lactation. (racgp.org.au)
- Smoking is also a marker for mental illness and almost 50% of pregnant smokers have a mental health disorder of some kind. (racgp.org.au)
- Within the deficiency cat- abolic disorder which is a major health University of Medical Sciences were egory serum levels of 25(OH)D were problem in many countries in the world selected via random sampling methods. (who.int)
Bone1
- The Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium (BBDC) brings together physicians, researchers, and educators to learn more about osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder that mainly affects the development of the bones. (rarediseasesnetwork.org)
Stages1
- Good reproductive management ensures that the largest proportion of a cow's total lifetime production is spent during early high-producing stages of lactation rather than late, lower-producing periods. (merckvetmanual.com)
Symptoms1
- CBT can also help relieve symptoms of anxiety or panic disorder. (healthline.com)
Adults3
- Orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs) are patterns involving oral and orofacial musculature that interfere with normal growth, development, or function of orofacial structures, or call attention to themselves (Mason, n.d.A). OMDs can be found in children, adolescents, and adults. (asha.org)
- DESYREL® is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. (rxlist.com)
- About 48% were for a single agent at a dosage of 1 mg/d, which is the upper tolerable limit for adults - including in pregnancy and lactation. (medscape.com)
Breast1
- lactation or a history of breast trauma. (who.int)
Management2
- Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
- The article, entitled "Bempedoic acid in the management of lipid disorders and cardiovascular risk. (esperion.com)
Problems2
- Estimates vary according to the definition and criteria used to identify OMDs, as well as the age and characteristics of the population (e.g., orthodontic problems, speech disorders, etc. (asha.org)
- An untreated anxiety disorder can cause serious problems for your pregnancy as well. (healthline.com)
Musculature1
- Laryngeal dystonia (LD) is a muscle-contraction disorder of the larynx and laryngeal musculature. (medscape.com)
Early1
- Ketosis is essentially the result of the inability of the liver to keep up with the glucose demand during early lactation. (biomin.net)
Occurs1
- If bleeding disorder occurs, stop this medication. (medindia.net)
Research1
- See the Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders Evidence Map for summaries of the available research on this topic. (asha.org)
Daily1
- There is an average daily loss of 210 mg of calcium during lactation. (medscape.com)
Anxiety2
- However, you should still be sure to get treatment for your anxiety or panic disorder. (healthline.com)
- For instance, anxiety or panic disorder may prevent you from getting good prenatal care. (healthline.com)
Patients2
- Dans le cadre de la présente étude transversale menée à Téhéran (République islamique d'Iran), dans un pays où la prévalence du déficit en vitamine D est élevée, nous avons mesuré cette prévalence chez 90 patients souffrant d'un diabète de type 2 et 90 sujets en bonne santé. (who.int)
- 50 nmol/L) et de l'insuffisance en vitamine D (50-75 nmol/L) était respectivement de 59,0 % et de 27,0 % chez les patients diabétiques, contre 47,0 % et 24,0 % chez les sujets en bonne santé. (who.int)
Risk1
- Ketosis is a transition period metabolic disorder, with the risk zone lasting from one week before calving and up to 30 days post-calving. (biomin.net)
Period1
- The incidence of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) refers to the number of new cases identified in a specified time period. (asha.org)
Refers1
- It was once referred to as spasmodic dysphonia (SD), which refers to a group of dystonias, or muscle-contraction disorders, in which involuntary muscle movements in a particular organ or region of the body interfere with normal function. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
- Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
Diagnosis1
- The experts at the CHOC Neuroscience Institute provide world-class care for kids with cerebrovascular disorders, from diagnosis to treatment. (choc.org)
Individuals1
- In individuals with a temporomandibular disorder (TMD), the percentage of those with orofacial myofunctional variables is estimated to be 97.92% (Ferreira, Da Silva, & de Felicio, 2009). (asha.org)