A chronic leukemia characterized by a large number of circulating prolymphocytes. It can arise spontaneously or as a consequence of transformation of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.
A lymphoid leukemia characterized by a profound LYMPHOCYTOSIS with or without LYMPHADENOPATHY, hepatosplenomegaly, frequently rapid progression, and short survival. It was formerly called T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
A neoplasm of prolymphocytes affecting the blood, bone marrow, and spleen. It is characterized by prolymphocytes exceeding 55% of the lymphoid cells in the blood and profound splenomegaly.
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.
A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of "hairy" or "flagellated" cells in the blood and bone marrow.
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.
A malignant disease of the B-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow and/or blood.
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.
Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.
Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)
Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.
Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.
Leukemia induced experimentally in animals by exposure to leukemogenic agents, such as VIRUSES; RADIATION; or by TRANSPLANTATION of leukemic tissues.
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.
Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS, containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.
Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.
A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) arising during the propagation of S37 mouse sarcoma, and causing lymphoid leukemia in mice. It also infects rats and newborn hamsters. It is apparently transmitted to embryos in utero and to newborns through mother's milk.
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.
Tumors or cancer in the JEJUNUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).
Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.

T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia: does the expression of CD8+ phenotype justify the identification of a new subtype? Description of two cases and review of the literature. (1/66)

T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) has recently been reclassified under the heading of T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL) because of its unfavourable clinical course, independently of the morphologic features. This rare neoplasm usually shows CD4+/CD8- phenotype. Herein we report on two cases of T-PLL with CD8 expression that correspond to a possible variant of the disease first proposed by Hui et al. in 1987. These cases presented with malignant cells showing immunophenotypic features that can be easily identified and distinguished from other peripheral T-cell leukemias. However, the total number of cases studied is inadequate for defining a discrete clinico-pathologic entity with characteristic clinical features and cytogenetical abnormalities. An international collaboration in which tissue from similar cases is referred to a central pathologist for immunophenotyping and cytogenetical study, and clinical data are centrally compiled, may assist in defining this rare malady as a discrete clinico-pathologic entity.  (+info)

Regulation of TCL1 expression in B- and T-cell lymphomas and reactive lymphoid tissues. (2/66)

Chromosomal rearrangements observed in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia involve the translocation of one T-cell receptor gene to either chromosome 14q32 or Xq28, deregulating the expression of cellular protooncogenes of unknown function, such as TCL1 or its homologue, MTCP1. In the human hematopoietic system, TCL1 expression is predominantly observed in developing B lymphocytes, whereas its overexpression in T cells causes mature T-cell proliferation in transgenic mice. In this study, using a newly generated monoclonal antibody against recombinant TCL1 protein, we extended our analysis mainly by immunohistochemistry and also by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and Western blot to a large tumor lymphoma data bank including 194 cases of lymphoproliferative disorders of B- and T-cell origin as well as reactive lymphoid tissues. The results obtained show that in reactive lymphoid tissues, TCL1 is strongly expressed by a subset of mantle zone B lymphocytes and is expressed to a lesser extent by follicle center cells and by scattered interfollicular small lymphocytes. In B-cell neoplasia, TCL1 was expressed in the majority of the cases, including lymphoblastic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (60%), and primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma (55%). TCL1 expression was observed in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. Conversely, TCL1 was not expressed in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells, multiple myelomas, marginal zone B-cell lymphomas, CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and mycosis fungoides. These data indicate that TCL1 is expressed in more differentiated B cells, under both reactive and neoplastic conditions, from antigen committed B cells and in germinal center B cells and is down-regulated in the latest stage of B-cell differentiation.  (+info)

Application of cross-species color banding (RxFISH) in the study of T-prolymphocytic leukemia. (3/66)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cross-species color banding (RxFISH) is a new FISH technology based on the use of differentially labeled gibbon chromosome probes to obtain a specific color banding pattern for each human chromosome. The aim of the study was to test the RxFISH technique for better characterization of complex karyotypes in patients with T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). DESIGN AND METHODS: The study evaluated the cross-species color banding technique in four patients affected with T-PLL previously studied by conventional cytogenetics. RESULTS: All patients showed an abnormal karyotype and three of them had a complex karyotype. The involvement of 14q11 in all four cases, the gain of 8q in three cases and a loss of chromosome 10, 15 and 17 and a gain of chromosome 21 in two cases were noted. The RxFISH technique identified from 2 to 7 not previously recognized aberrations per case and confirmed the inv(14)(q11q32). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first application of RxFISH to characterize chromosomal rearrangements in T-cell neoplasms. RxFISH gave rapid and easy identification of chromosome rearrangements that were difficult to recognize by conventional cytogenetics. Using this new technology we identified 15 rearrangements not detected by conventional cytogenetics.  (+info)

Evaluation of the combination of nelarabine and fludarabine in leukemias: clinical response, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in leukemia cells. (4/66)

PURPOSE: A pilot protocol was designed to evaluate the efficacy of fludarabine with nelarabine (the prodrug of arabinosylguanine [ara-G]) in patients with hematologic malignancies. The cellular pharmacokinetics was investigated to seek a relationship between response and accumulation of ara-G triphosphate (ara-GTP) in circulating leukemia cells and to evaluate biochemical modulation of cellular ara-GTP metabolism by fludarabine triphosphate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine of the 13 total patients had indolent leukemias, including six whose disease failed prior fludarabine therapy. Two patients had T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one had chronic myelogenous leukemia, and one had mycosis fungoides. Nelarabine (1.2 g/m(2)) was infused on days 1, 3, and 5. On days 3 and 5, fludarabine (30 mg/m(2)) was administered 4 hours before the nelarabine infusion. Plasma and cellular pharmacokinetic measurements were conducted during the first 5 days. RESULTS: Seven patients had a partial or complete response, six of whom had indolent leukemias. The disease in four responders had failed prior fludarabine therapy. The median peak intracellular concentrations of ara-GTP were significantly different (P =.001) in responders (890 micromol/L, n = 6) and nonresponders (30 micromol/L, n = 6). Also, there was a direct relationship between the peak fludarabine triphosphate and ara-GTP in each patient (r = 0.85). The cellular elimination of ara-GTP was slow (median, 35 hours; range, 18 to > 48 hours). The ratio of ara-GTP to its normal counterpart, deoxyguanosine triphosphate, was higher in each patient (median, 42; range, 14 to 1,092) than that of fludarabine triphosphate to its normal counterpart, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (median, 2.2; range, 0.2 to 27). CONCLUSION: Fludarabine plus nelarabine is an effective, well-tolerated regimen against leukemias. Clinical responses suggest the need for further exploration of nelarabine against fludarabine-refractory diseases. Determination of ara-GTP levels in the target tumor population may provide a prognostic test for the activity of nelarabine.  (+info)

High remission rate in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with CAMPATH-1H. (5/66)

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a chemotherapy-resistant malignancy with a median survival of 7.5 months. Preliminary results indicated a high remission induction rate with the human CD52 antibody, CAMPATH-1H. This study reports results in 39 patients with T-PLL treated with CAMPATH-1H between March 1993 and May 2000. All but 2 patients had received prior therapy with a variety of agents, including 30 with pentostatin; none achieved complete remission (CR). CAMPATH-1H (30 mg) was administered intravenously 3 times weekly until maximal response. The overall response rate was 76% with 60% CR and 16% partial remission (PR). These responses were durable with a median disease-free interval of 7 months (range, 4-45 months). Survival was significantly prolonged in patients achieving CR compared to PR or no response (NR), including one patient who survived 54 months. Nine patients remain alive up to 29 months after completing therapy. Seven patients received high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell support, 3 of whom remain alive in CR 5, 7, and 15 months after autograft. Stem cell harvests in these patients were uncontaminated with T-PLL cells as demonstrated by dual-color flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. Four patients had allogeneic stem cell transplants, 3 from siblings and 1 from a matched unrelated donor. Two had nonmyeloablative conditioning. Three are alive in CR up to 24 months after allograft. The conclusion is that CAMPATH-1H is an effective therapy in T-PLL, producing remissions in more than two thirds of patients. The use of stem cell transplantation to consolidate responses merits further study.  (+info)

Typical and atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia differ clinically and immunophenotypically. (6/66)

We compared the features of 17 cases of atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (aCLL) with those of a clinical control group of 24 cases of CLL. Quantitative flow cytometric data, available for 12 cases, were compared with an immunophenotypic control group of 58 cases using a relative fluorescence indexfor CD5, CD23, CD79b, and surface immunoglobulin light chain (sIg). Compared with the clinical control group, patients with aCLL had a higher mean WBC count and a lower platelet count. Patients with aCLL had a significantly higher probability of disease progression. Compared with an immunophenotypic control group of 58 CLL cases, 12 cases of aCLL demonstrated significantly higher expression of CD23. There was no significant difference in expression of sIg, CD79b, or CD5 between the groups. CD38 expression was noted in only 1 (9%) of 11 tested cases; 2 (18%) of 11 cases had trisomy 12. aCLL can be distinguished from typical CLL morphologically, clinically, and immunophenotypically. Atypical morphologic features in CLL seem to be a marker of aggressive clinical behavior.  (+info)

CD20 levels determine the in vitro susceptibility to rituximab and complement of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: further regulation by CD55 and CD59. (7/66)

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity is thought to be an important mechanism of action of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. This study investigates the sensitivity of freshly isolated cells obtained from 33 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), 5 patients with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), and 6 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) to be lysed by rituximab and complement in vitro. The results showed that in B-CLL and PLL, the levels of CD20, measured by standard immunofluorescence or using calibrated beads, correlated linearly with the lytic response (coefficient greater than or equal to 0.9; P <.0001). Furthermore, the correlation remained highly significant when the 6 patients with MCL were included in the analysis (coefficient 0.91; P <.0001), which suggests that CD20 levels primarily determine lysis regardless of diagnostic group. The role of the complement inhibitors CD46, CD55, and CD59 was also investigated. All B-CLL and PLL cells expressed these molecules, but at different levels. CD46 was relatively weak on all samples (mean fluorescence intensity less than 100), whereas CD55 and CD59 showed variability of expression (mean fluorescence intensity 20-1200 and 20-250, respectively). Although CD55 and CD59 levels did not permit prediction of complement susceptibility, the functional block of these inhibitors demonstrated that they play an important role in regulating complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Thus, lysis of poorly responding B-CLL samples was increased 5- to 6-fold after blocking both CD55 and CD59, whereas that of high responders was essentially complete in the presence of a single blocking antibody. These data demonstrate that CD20, CD55, and CD59 are important factors determining the in vitro response to rituximab and complement and indicate potential strategies to improve the clinical response to this biologic therapy.  (+info)

Late appearance of the 11q22.3-23.1 deletion involving the ATM locus in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related disorders. Clinico-biological significance. (8/66)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chromosome 11q22.3-23.1 deletions involving the ataxia-teleangiectasia mutated (ATM) locus (11q-/ATM+/-) are detected at diagnosis in 10-20% of cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and are associated with a relatively aggressive disease. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether 11q-/ATM+/- may appear late during the course of the disease and to analyze its possible correlation with disease evolution. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients with CLL and related disorders, i.e. CLL/PL and prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), without 11q- at diagnosis were sequentially ascertained at 1-2 year intervals by conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using an ATM-specific probe. RESULTS: Eight patients acquired a submicroscopic 11q deletion 13-43 months after diagnosis: the diagnosis at presentation was CLL in 3 cases, CLL/PL in 3 cases and PLL in 2 cases. A 13q14 deletion preceded the development of 11q- in four patients; additional aberrations included +12 (three cases), 17p13 deletion and 6q21 deletion (one case each). The acquisition of the 11q deletion was more frequently found in those patients presenting with CLL/PL and PLL than typical CLL (p=0.0016) and with splenomegaly (p=0.003). Follow-up data showed that karyotype evolution (p=0.009) and cytological transformation (p<0.001) were associated with the acquisition of this cytogenetic lesion. The variables predicting for a shorter survival in this series included the 11q deletion (p=0.03), along with other classical clinicobiological parameters (performance status, advanced stage, splenomegaly, elevated serum beta2 microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase levels. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: a) Submicroscopic 11q deletion involving the ATM locus may, in some instances, represent a secondary change in CLL, CLL/P and PLL, suggesting that sequential FISH analyses are necessary to detect this chromosome anomaly in some patients; b) the acquisition of 11q-/ATM deletion may play a role in determining cytological transformation and disease progression of CLL and related disorders.  (+info)

Prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) is a rare and aggressive type of chronic leukemia, characterized by the abnormal accumulation of prolymphocytes, a specific type of mature but immature lymphocyte, in the blood, bone marrow, and sometimes in other organs. There are two types of PLL: B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL).

B-PLL is a very rare subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), accounting for less than 1% of all leukemias. It primarily affects older adults, with a median age at diagnosis of around 60-70 years. The disease is characterized by the proliferation of malignant B-lymphocytes, known as prolymphocytes, which accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and sometimes in other organs such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

T-PLL is an even rarer subtype of leukemia, accounting for less than 1% of all leukemias. It primarily affects older adults, with a median age at diagnosis of around 65 years. T-PLL arises from mature T-lymphocytes, which accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and sometimes in other organs such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

The symptoms of PLL can vary but often include fatigue, weight loss, frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, and a high white blood cell count. The diagnosis of PLL typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Treatment options for PLL may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive type of leukemia, which is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Specifically, T-PLL arises from mature T-cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the body's immune response.

In T-PLL, there is an accumulation of abnormal prolymphocytes, a particular stage of T-cell development, in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and sometimes lymph nodes and spleen. These malignant cells can crowd out healthy cells, leading to impaired immune function, anemia, and increased susceptibility to infections.

T-PLL is primarily a disease of older adults, with a median age at diagnosis around 65 years. It has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of less than two years, although treatment advances have improved outcomes for some patients. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplantation.

Prolymphocytic Leukemia, B-Cell is a rare and aggressive type of leukemia, which is a cancer of the white blood cells. Specifically, it affects B-cell lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. In this condition, the bone marrow produces excessive numbers of prolymphocytes, which are immature and abnormal B-cells. These abnormal cells accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and sometimes lymph nodes, interfering with the normal functioning of the body's immune system.

The symptoms of Prolymphocytic Leukemia, B-Cell may include fatigue, frequent infections, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen due to an enlarged spleen. The diagnosis is usually made through blood tests, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and imaging studies. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

It's important to note that Prolymphocytic Leukemia, B-Cell is a rare type of cancer, and the prognosis and treatment options can vary depending on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis.

Leukemia, lymphoid is a type of cancer that affects the lymphoid cells, which are a vital part of the body's immune system. It is characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes or WBCs) in the bone marrow, specifically the lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes accumulate and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).

There are two main types of lymphoid leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia progresses rapidly, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a slower onset and progression.

Symptoms of lymphoid leukemia may include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and bone pain. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors but often involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or stem cell transplantation.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, slow-growing type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many B cells (a type of white blood cell). These excess B cells are often referred to as "hairy cells" because they look abnormal under the microscope, with fine projections or "hair-like" cytoplasmic protrusions.

In HCL, these abnormal B cells can build up in the bone marrow and spleen, causing both of them to enlarge. The accumulation of hairy cells in the bone marrow can crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and normal white blood cells (leukopenia). This can result in fatigue, increased risk of infection, and easy bruising or bleeding.

HCL is typically an indolent disease, meaning that it progresses slowly over time. However, some cases may require treatment to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options for HCL include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor the disease's progression and adjust treatment plans as needed.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates from the bone marrow - the soft, inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. It is characterized by an abnormal production of white blood cells, known as leukocytes or blasts. These abnormal cells accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).

There are several types of leukemia, classified based on the specific type of white blood cell affected and the speed at which the disease progresses:

1. Acute Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress rapidly, with symptoms developing over a few weeks or months. They involve the rapid growth and accumulation of immature, nonfunctional white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Originates from lymphoid progenitor cells, primarily affecting children but can also occur in adults.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Develops from myeloid progenitor cells and is more common in older adults.

2. Chronic Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress slowly, with symptoms developing over a period of months to years. They involve the production of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells that can accumulate in large numbers in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Affects B-lymphocytes and is more common in older adults.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - Originates from myeloid progenitor cells, characterized by the presence of a specific genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. It can occur at any age but is more common in middle-aged and older adults.

Treatment options for leukemia depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors. Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

Leukemia, T-cell is a type of cancer that affects the T-cells or T-lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity. It is characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled production of abnormal T-cells in the bone marrow, leading to the displacement of healthy cells and impairing the body's ability to fight infections and regulate immune responses.

T-cell leukemia can be acute or chronic, depending on the rate at which the disease progresses. Acute T-cell leukemia progresses rapidly, while chronic T-cell leukemia has a slower course of progression. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, frequent infections, weight loss, easy bruising or bleeding, and swollen lymph nodes. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of the disease.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that starts from cells that become certain white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in the bone marrow. The cancer (leukemia) cells start in the bone marrow but then go into the blood.

In CLL, the leukemia cells often build up slowly. Many people don't have any symptoms for at least a few years. But over time, the cells can spread to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.

The "B-cell" part of the name refers to the fact that the cancer starts in a type of white blood cell called a B lymphocyte or B cell. The "chronic" part means that this leukemia usually progresses more slowly than other types of leukemia.

It's important to note that chronic lymphocytic leukemia is different from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Although both are cancers of the white blood cells, they start in different types of white blood cells and progress differently.

Leukemia, B-cell is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by an overproduction of abnormal B-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. These abnormal cells accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia, infection, and bleeding.

B-cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in the immune system by producing antibodies to help fight off infections. In B-cell leukemia, the cancerous B-cells do not mature properly and accumulate in the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in the number of healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

There are several types of B-cell leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ALL is more common in children and young adults, while CLL is more common in older adults. Treatment options for B-cell leukemia depend on the type and stage of the disease and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapies.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow, the soft inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. In AML, the immature cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow fail to mature into normal blood cells. Instead, these blasts accumulate and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and normal white blood cells (leukopenia).

AML is called "acute" because it can progress quickly and become severe within days or weeks without treatment. It is a type of myeloid leukemia, which means that it affects the myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Myeloid cells are a type of white blood cell that includes monocytes and granulocytes, which help fight infection and defend the body against foreign invaders.

In AML, the blasts can build up in the bone marrow and spread to other parts of the body, including the blood, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and brain. This can cause a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss.

AML is typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment plan will depend on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the type and stage of the leukemia.

'Antibodies, Neoplasm' is a medical term that refers to abnormal antibodies produced by neoplastic cells, which are cells that have undergone uncontrolled division and form a tumor or malignancy. These antibodies can be produced in large quantities and may have altered structures or functions compared to normal antibodies.

Neoplastic antibodies can arise from various types of malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. In some cases, these abnormal antibodies can interfere with the normal functioning of the immune system and contribute to the progression of the disease.

In addition, neoplastic antibodies can also be used as tumor markers for diagnostic purposes. For example, certain types of monoclonal gammopathy, such as multiple myeloma, are characterized by the overproduction of a single type of immunoglobulin, which can be detected in the blood or urine and used to monitor the disease.

Overall, 'Antibodies, Neoplasm' is a term that encompasses a wide range of abnormal antibodies produced by neoplastic cells, which can have significant implications for both the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies.

CD5 is a type of protein found on the surface of certain cells in the human body, including some immune cells like T cells and B cells. It is also known as a cell marker or identifier. Antigens are substances (usually proteins) on the surface of cells that can be recognized by the immune system, triggering an immune response.

In the context of CD5, antigens refer to foreign substances that can bind to the CD5 protein and stimulate an immune response. However, it's important to note that CD5 itself is not typically considered an antigen in the medical community. Instead, it is a marker used to identify certain types of cells and monitor their behavior in health and disease states.

In some cases, abnormal expression or regulation of CD5 has been associated with various diseases, including certain types of cancer. For example, some B-cell lymphomas may overexpress CD5, which can help doctors diagnose and monitor the progression of the disease. However, in these contexts, CD5 is not considered an antigen in the traditional sense.

Immunophenotyping is a medical laboratory technique used to identify and classify cells, usually in the context of hematologic (blood) disorders and malignancies (cancers), based on their surface or intracellular expression of various proteins and antigens. This technique utilizes specific antibodies tagged with fluorochromes, which bind to the target antigens on the cell surface or within the cells. The labeled cells are then analyzed using flow cytometry, allowing for the detection and quantification of multiple antigenic markers simultaneously.

Immunophenotyping helps in understanding the distribution of different cell types, their subsets, and activation status, which can be crucial in diagnosing various hematological disorders, immunodeficiencies, and distinguishing between different types of leukemias, lymphomas, and other malignancies. Additionally, it can also be used to monitor the progression of diseases, evaluate the effectiveness of treatments, and detect minimal residual disease (MRD) during follow-up care.

B-lymphocytes, also known as B-cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system's response to infection. They are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that help to neutralize or destroy pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

When a B-lymphocyte encounters a pathogen, it becomes activated and begins to divide and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies specific to the antigens on the surface of the pathogen. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages.

B-lymphocytes also have a role in presenting antigens to T-lymphocytes, another type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. This helps to stimulate the activation and proliferation of T-lymphocytes, which can then go on to destroy infected cells or help to coordinate the overall immune response.

Overall, B-lymphocytes are an essential part of the adaptive immune system, providing long-lasting immunity to previously encountered pathogens and helping to protect against future infections.

Experimental leukemia refers to the stage of research or clinical trials where new therapies, treatments, or diagnostic methods are being studied for leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

In the experimental stage, researchers investigate various aspects of leukemia, such as its causes, progression, and potential treatments. They may conduct laboratory studies using cell cultures or animal models to understand the disease better and test new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, clinical trials may be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel treatments in human patients with leukemia.

Experimental research in leukemia is crucial for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. It involves a rigorous and systematic process that adheres to ethical guidelines and scientific standards to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates from the white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system. These cells are found in various parts of the body such as the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. Lymphoma can be classified into two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

HL is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal lymphocyte called Reed-Sternberg cells, while NHL includes a diverse group of lymphomas that lack these cells. The symptoms of lymphoma may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

The exact cause of lymphoma is not known, but it is believed to result from genetic mutations in the lymphocytes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Exposure to certain viruses, chemicals, and radiation may increase the risk of developing lymphoma. Treatment options for lymphoma depend on various factors such as the type and stage of the disease, age, and overall health of the patient. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL positive is a specific subtype of leukemia that originates in the bone marrow and involves the excessive production of mature granulocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, which is formed by a genetic translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. This gene encodes for an abnormal protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division. The presence of this genetic abnormality is used to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.

Medical Definition:

Murine leukemia virus (MLV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily infects and causes various types of malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas in mice. It is a complex genus of viruses, with many strains showing different pathogenic properties.

MLV contains two identical single-stranded RNA genomes and has the ability to reverse transcribe its RNA into DNA upon infection, integrating this proviral DNA into the host cell's genome. This is facilitated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which MLV carries within its viral particle.

The virus can be horizontally transmitted between mice through close contact with infected saliva, urine, or milk. Vertical transmission from mother to offspring can also occur either in-utero or through the ingestion of infected breast milk.

MLV has been extensively studied as a model system for retroviral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis, contributing significantly to our understanding of oncogenes and their role in cancer development. It's important to note that Murine Leukemia Virus does not infect humans.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It involves the abnormal growth and proliferation of malignant lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell), leading to the formation of tumors in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, or other organs. NHL can be further classified into various subtypes based on the specific type of lymphocyte involved and its characteristics.

The symptoms of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma may include:

* Painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
* Persistent fatigue
* Unexplained weight loss
* Fever
* Night sweats
* Itchy skin

The exact cause of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not well understood, but it has been associated with certain risk factors such as age (most common in people over 60), exposure to certain chemicals, immune system deficiencies, and infection with viruses like Epstein-Barr virus or HIV.

Treatment for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma depends on the stage and subtype of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor the progression of the disease and manage any potential long-term side effects of treatment.

B-cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates from the B-lymphocytes, which are a part of the immune system and play a crucial role in fighting infections. These cells can develop mutations in their DNA, leading to uncontrolled growth and division, resulting in the formation of a tumor.

B-cell lymphomas can be classified into two main categories: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. B-cell lymphomas are further divided into subtypes based on their specific characteristics, such as the appearance of the cells under a microscope, the genetic changes present in the cancer cells, and the aggressiveness of the disease.

Some common types of B-cell lymphomas include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Treatment options for B-cell lymphomas depend on the specific subtype, stage of the disease, and other individual factors. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplantation.

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (previously known as Precursor T-lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma) is a type of cancer that affects the early stages of T-cell development. It is a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is characterized by the overproduction of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts in the bone marrow, blood, and other organs.

In Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, these abnormal lymphoblasts accumulate primarily in the lymphoid tissues such as the thymus and lymph nodes, leading to the enlargement of these organs. This subtype is more aggressive than other forms of ALL and has a higher risk of spreading to the central nervous system (CNS).

The medical definition of Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma includes:

1. A malignant neoplasm of immature T-cell precursors, also known as lymphoblasts.
2. Characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of these abnormal cells in the bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues such as the thymus and lymph nodes.
3. Often associated with chromosomal abnormalities, genetic mutations, or aberrant gene expression that contribute to its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
4. Typically presents with symptoms related to bone marrow failure (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes), hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), and potential CNS involvement.
5. Diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, including bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis, and molecular genetic testing.
6. Treated with intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, often combined with radiation therapy and/or stem cell transplantation to achieve remission and improve survival outcomes.

Antineoplastic agents are a class of drugs used to treat malignant neoplasms or cancer. These agents work by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, either by killing them or preventing their division and replication. Antineoplastic agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action, such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and targeted therapy agents.

Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which can cause cross-linking of DNA strands and ultimately lead to cell death. Antimetabolites interfere with the metabolic processes necessary for DNA synthesis and replication, while topoisomerase inhibitors prevent the relaxation of supercoiled DNA during replication. Mitotic inhibitors disrupt the normal functioning of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for cell division. Targeted therapy agents are designed to target specific molecular abnormalities in cancer cells, such as mutated oncogenes or dysregulated signaling pathways.

It's important to note that antineoplastic agents can also affect normal cells and tissues, leading to various side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). Therefore, the use of these drugs requires careful monitoring and management of their potential adverse effects.

Monoclonal antibodies are a type of antibody that are identical because they are produced by a single clone of cells. They are laboratory-produced molecules that act like human antibodies in the immune system. They can be designed to attach to specific proteins found on the surface of cancer cells, making them useful for targeting and treating cancer. Monoclonal antibodies can also be used as a therapy for other diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and inflammatory conditions.

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing a single type of immune cell, called a B cell, with a tumor cell to create a hybrid cell, or hybridoma. This hybrid cell is then able to replicate indefinitely, producing a large number of identical copies of the original antibody. These antibodies can be further modified and engineered to enhance their ability to bind to specific targets, increase their stability, and improve their effectiveness as therapeutic agents.

Monoclonal antibodies have several mechanisms of action in cancer therapy. They can directly kill cancer cells by binding to them and triggering an immune response. They can also block the signals that promote cancer growth and survival. Additionally, monoclonal antibodies can be used to deliver drugs or radiation directly to cancer cells, increasing the effectiveness of these treatments while minimizing their side effects on healthy tissues.

Monoclonal antibodies have become an important tool in modern medicine, with several approved for use in cancer therapy and other diseases. They are continuing to be studied and developed as a promising approach to treating a wide range of medical conditions.

Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AML-M5) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is a type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow. In AML-M5, there is an overproduction of abnormal monocytes, a type of white blood cell that normally helps fight infection and is involved in the body's immune response. These abnormal monocytes accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. The disease progresses rapidly without treatment, making it crucial to begin therapy as soon as possible after diagnosis.

Proto-oncogene proteins are normal cellular proteins that play crucial roles in various cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). They are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival under physiological conditions.

When proto-oncogene proteins undergo mutations or aberrations in their expression levels, they can transform into oncogenic forms, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division. These altered proteins are then referred to as oncogene products or oncoproteins. Oncogenic mutations can occur due to various factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and aging.

Examples of proto-oncogene proteins include:

1. Ras proteins: Involved in signal transduction pathways that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Activating mutations in Ras genes are found in various human cancers.
2. Myc proteins: Regulate gene expression related to cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and metabolism. Overexpression of Myc proteins is associated with several types of cancer.
3. EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor): A transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Mutations or overexpression of EGFR are linked to various malignancies, such as lung cancer and glioblastoma.
4. Src family kinases: Intracellular tyrosine kinases that regulate signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Dysregulation of Src family kinases is implicated in several types of cancer.
5. Abl kinases: Cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that regulate various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and stress responses. Aberrant activation of Abl kinases, as seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Understanding the roles of proto-oncogene proteins and their dysregulation in cancer development is essential for developing targeted cancer therapies that aim to inhibit or modulate these aberrant signaling pathways.

The Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) is a type of retrovirus, specifically a gammaretrovirus, that is commonly found in mice. It was first discovered and isolated by John Moloney in 1960. Mo-MLV is known to cause various types of cancerous conditions, particularly leukemia, in susceptible mouse strains.

Mo-MLV has a single-stranded RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA upon infection of the host cell. This viral DNA then integrates into the host's genome and utilizes the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles. The Mo-MLV genome encodes for several viral proteins, including gag (group-specific antigen), pol (polymerase), and env (envelope) proteins, which are essential for the replication cycle of the virus.

Mo-MLV is widely used in laboratory research as a model retrovirus to study various aspects of viral replication, gene therapy, and oncogenesis. It has also been engineered as a vector for gene delivery applications due to its ability to efficiently integrate into the host genome and deliver large DNA sequences. However, it is important to note that Mo-MLV and other retroviruses have the potential to cause insertional mutagenesis, which can lead to unintended genetic alterations and adverse effects in some cases.

Large B-cell lymphoma, diffuse is a type of cancer that starts in cells called B-lymphocytes, which are part of the body's immune system. "Large B-cell" refers to the size and appearance of the abnormal cells when viewed under a microscope. "Diffuse" means that the abnormal cells are spread throughout the lymph node or tissue where the cancer has started, rather than being clustered in one area.

This type of lymphoma is typically aggressive, which means it grows and spreads quickly. It can occur almost anywhere in the body, but most commonly affects the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

Treatment for large B-cell lymphoma, diffuse typically involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both. In some cases, stem cell transplantation or targeted therapy may also be recommended. The prognosis varies depending on several factors, including the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's age and overall health.

Jejunal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the jejunum, which is the middle section of the small intestine. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Some examples of jejunal diseases include:

1. Jejunal inflammation or infection (jejunitis)
2. Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract including the jejunum
3. Intestinal lymphoma, a type of cancer that can develop in the small intestine
4. Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is consumed
5. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), which can occur due to various reasons including structural abnormalities or motility disorders of the jejunum
6. Meckel's diverticulum, a congenital condition where a small pouch protrudes from the wall of the intestine, usually located in the ileum but can also affect the jejunum
7. Intestinal strictures or obstructions caused by scarring, adhesions, or tumors
8. Radiation enteritis, damage to the small intestine caused by radiation therapy for cancer treatment.

The diagnosis and management of jejunal diseases depend on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, dietary modifications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Jejunal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the jejunum, which is the middle section of the small intestine. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant jejunal neoplasms are often aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body, making them potentially life-threatening.

There are several types of jejunal neoplasms, including:

1. Adenocarcinomas: These are cancerous tumors that develop from the glandular cells lining the jejunum. They are the most common type of jejunal neoplasm.
2. Carcinoid tumors: These are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the hormone-producing cells in the jejunum. While they are usually benign, some can become malignant and spread to other parts of the body.
3. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): These are rare tumors that develop from the connective tissue cells in the jejunum. They can be benign or malignant.
4. Lymphomas: These are cancerous tumors that develop from the immune system cells in the jejunum. They are less common than adenocarcinomas but can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
5. Sarcomas: These are rare cancerous tumors that develop from the connective tissue cells in the jejunum. They can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.

Symptoms of jejunal neoplasms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, and bleeding in the stool. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Duodenitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine that receives chyme (partially digested food) from the stomach. The inflammation can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Duodenitis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections (such as Helicobacter pylori), regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease. In some cases, the cause may remain unidentified, leading to a diagnosis of "non-specific duodenitis."

Treatment for duodenitis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as eradicating H. pylori infection or discontinuing NSAID use. Acid-suppressing medications and antacids may also be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and promote healing of the duodenal lining. In severe cases, endoscopic procedures or surgery might be necessary to manage complications like bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.

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Dearden C (July 2012). "How I treat prolymphocytic leukemia". Blood. 120 (3): 538-51. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-01-380139. PMID ... peripheral T-cell lymphoma and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. CD52 is found on >95% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (both T- ... It is used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) because the cancerous cells of CLL are usually CD20- ... Castillo J, Perez K (2010). "The role of ofatumumab in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia resistant to previous ...
Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell Prolymphocytic leukemia "prolymphocytes in PLL". American Society of Hematology. 2013-07- ...
Tamayose K, Sato N, Ando J, Sugimoto K, Oshimi K (December 2002). "CD3-negative, CD20-positive T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: ... It is found on B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and melanoma cancer stem cells. ... The anti-CD20 mAB ofatumumab (Genmab) was approved by FDA in October 2009 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The anti-CD20 mAB ... Leukemia. 17 (7): 1384-1389. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402978. PMID 12835728. Serke S, Schwaner I, Yordanova M, Szczepek A, Huhn D ( ...
Similar to B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, HCL-V is a more aggressive disease. ... In 2013 the Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation was created when the Hairy Cell Leukemia Consortium and the Hairy Cell Leukemia ... atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, or idiopathic myelofibrosis. When not further specified ... It is usually classified as a subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Hairy cell leukemia makes up about 2% of all ...
"A gene on chromosome Xq28 associated with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in two patients with ataxia telangiectasia". Leukemia ... in T-cell pro-lymphocytic leukaemia breaks within one gene and activates another". Oncogene. 8 (12): 3271-6. PMID 8247530. ... "The MTCP-1/c6.1B gene encodes for a cytoplasmic 8 kD protein overexpressed in T cell leukemia bearing a t(X;14) translocation ...
... an oncogene product involved in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, reveals a novel beta-barrel topology". Structure. 6 (2): 147-55 ... T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCL1A gene. TCL1A has been shown to interact ... Pekarsky Y, Hallas C, Croce CM (2001). "The role of TCL1 in human T-cell leukemia". Oncogene. 20 (40): 5638-43. doi:10.1038/sj. ... Kiss C, Nishikawa J, Takada K, Trivedi P, Klein G, Szekely L (2003). "T cell leukemia I oncogene expression depends on the ...
"Inversions and tandem translocations involving chromosome 14q11 and 14q32 in T-prolymphocytic leukemia and T-cell leukemias in ... T-Lymphocytic Leukemia with or without ataxia telangiectasia has been associated with inversions and tandem translocations of ...
"Richter's and prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with high mRNA expression of ... Leukemia. 21 (8): 1846-7. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404717. PMID 17443219. Traverse-Glehen A, Verney A, Baseggio L, Felman P, Callet- ... Leukemia. 21 (8): 1821-4. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404706. PMID 17476282. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... activation-induced cytidine deaminase and aberrant somatic hypermutation". Leukemia. 20 (6): 1089-95. doi:10.1038/sj.leu. ...
... acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and prolymphocytic leukemia. Granulocytic ... Leukemia cutis can occur in most forms of leukemia, including chronic myeloid leukemia, ... Leukemia cutis is the infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes or their precursors into the skin resulting in clinically ... This condition may be contrasted with leukemids, which are skin lesions that occur with leukemia, but which are not related to ...
In addition, oncogenic JAK3 mutations have been identified in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, ... JAK3 activating mutations are found in 16% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. ... and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and natural killer T-cell lymphoma (NK/T-lymphoma). Most mutations are located in the ... while activating Janus kinase 3 mutations lead to the development of leukemia. In addition to its well-known roles in T cells ...
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... to identify B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma. In 2022, Mackall was awarded $11.9 million from the California ... "FDA grants breakthrough therapy designation for new CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia". National ... "Mackall awarded $11.9 million for anti-leukemia clinical trial". med.stanford.edu. 20 November 2017. Retrieved 2019-06-17. ... therapies for childhood leukemia and also developed a CAR targeting CD22 that is active in this disease and has received ...
Molecular allelokaryotyping of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia cells with high density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays ...
... and also applied CGH to genomic DNA from patients affected with either Downs syndrome or T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia as well ... Array CGH is also frequently used in research and diagnostics of B cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cri ...
Types include: Large granular lymphocytic leukemia Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia In practice, ... T-cell leukemia describes several different types of lymphoid leukemia which affect T cells. ... Durer, Ceren; Babiker, Hani M. (2021). "Adult T Cell Leukemia". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32644394. Retrieved 22 ... it can be hard to distinguish T-cell leukemia from T-cell lymphoma, and they are often grouped together. ...
NOS M9832/3 Prolymphocytic leukemia, NOS M9833/3 B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia M9834/3 T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia M9835/3 ... NOS Blast cell leukemia Undifferentiated leukemia Stem cell leukemia M9805/3 Acute biphenotypic leukemia Acute leukemia of ... Leukemias M9860/3 Myeloid leukemia, NOS Non-lymphocytic leukemia, NOS Granulocytic leukemia, NOS Myelogenous leukemia, NOS ... leukemia Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia Acute granulocytic leukemia Acute myelogenous leukemia Acute myelocytic leukemia M9863/ ...
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T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia Aggressive NK cell leukemia Adult T-cell leukemia/ ... "Understanding Clinical Trials for Blood Cancers" (PDF). The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. ... indolent B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (such as Waldenström macroglobulinemia) Splenic marginal ... "Chronic Leukemias". The Merck Manual of Geriatrics. Archived from the original on 2010-07-04. Lymphoma, Follicular at eMedicine ...
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and in more than half cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ...
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia 9835/3-9836/3 - Precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia 9940/3 - Hairy cell leukemia T-cell leukemia ... A B-cell leukemia is any of several types of lymphoid leukemia which affect B cells. Types include (with ICD-O code):[citation ... needed] 9823/3 - B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma 9826/3 - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, mature B ... B-cell lymphoma "B-Cell Leukemia (Concept Id: C2004493) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 21 November 2021. ( ...
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) Hairy cell ... Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a sub-type of acute myelogenous leukemia Chronic ... leukemia (HCL) T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) Aggressive NK-cell leukemia Hemochromatosis Asplenia ... Myelomas Multiple myeloma Waldenström macroglobulinemia Plasmacytoma Leukemias increased WBC Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) ...
T-cell lymphoma B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia Burkitt's lymphoma Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia ... leukemia Acute eosinophilic leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid dendritic cell leukemia ... Lymphoma and leukemia: These two classes of cancer arise from immature cells that originate in the bone marrow, and are ... Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children, accounting for ~30% of cases. However, far more ...
Prolymphocytic leukemia is divided into two types according to the kind of cell involved: B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and T- ... cell prolymphocytic leukemia. It is usually classified as a kind of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hsi, Eric D. (1 January 2012 ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Lymphocytic leukemia, All stub articles, ... "12 - B-Cell Leukemias of Mature Lymphocytes". Hematopathology (Second ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 387-402. ISBN 978-1-4377-2606-0 ...
Learn more in this Cancer.Net Guide to B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell Leukemia. ... Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells which begins when normal blood cells change and grow uncontrollably. ... Leukemia - B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell Leukemia , *Leukemia - B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell ... Leukemia - B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell Leukemia up Leukemia - B-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell ...
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. No criteria for the classification of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia has emerged. [1] ... American Roentgen Ray Society Images of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia classification All Images. X-rays. Echo & Ultrasound. CT ... There is classification sysytem for B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=B-cell_prolymphocytic_leukemia_classification&oldid=1561999" ...
Dearden CE, Matutes E, Cazin B, Tjonnfjord GE, Parreira A, Nomdedeu B, High remission rate in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia ... We describe a patient with T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) in whom a febrile disease with lung abscess due to R. equi ... Rhodococcus equi Infection after Alemtuzumab Therapy for T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia On This Page ... Rhodococcus equi Infection after Alemtuzumab Therapy for T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007;13( ...
Figure 1.Ibrutinib synergizes with venetoclax in T-prolymphocytic leukemia via inhibition of ITK and enhances Bcl2-dependent ... Figure 2.The combination of ibrutinib and venetoclax is clinically active in T-prolymphocytic leukemia. (A, B) Clinical follow- ... Smith VM, Lomas O, Constantine D. Dual dependence on BCL2 and MCL1 in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv. 2020; 4(3):525 ... T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive mature T-cell neoplasm that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy and ...
T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia is associated with deregulation of oncogenic microRNAs on transcriptional and epigenetic level. ...
Tumor: leukemia, B-prolymphocytic. - By clicking on the cell line name, you will retrieve the detailed description of the cell ...
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Home Overview of B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia And Hairy Cell Leukemia What are B-Cell prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell ... What are B-Cell prolymphocytic Leukemia and Hairy Cell leukemia? About leukemia. Leukemia is the cancer of the blood cells. ... This type of leukemia may occur together with CLL, or CLL can turn into PLL. PLL tends to get worse more quickly than CLL. ... Leukemia starts when healthy blood cells change and grow uncontrollably. Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, the spongy ...
Auer rods B lymphocytes Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Leukemia Lymphocytes Prolymphocytic leukemia Actahaemat. 77: 115-119(1987 ... Auer Rod-Like Inclusions in Prolymphocytic Leukemia Open the PDF for Auer Rod-Like Inclusions in Prolymphocytic Leukemia in ... 3 3 2009 B lymphocytes Cell surface Hairy cell leukemia Leukemia Malignant lymphomas Scanning electron microscopy Acta haemat. ... Open the PDF for Acute Lymphoblastic Crisis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia in another window ...
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive T-cell leukemia. Leukemic T-cells are found in the peripheral blood, ... T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive T-cell leukemia characterized by the proliferation of small to medium- ...
B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. *B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a related, but more aggressive ... "T Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia". AccessMedicine. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2009-02-04.. ... Sud A, Dearden C (April 2017). "T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 31 (2): 273-283 ... However, these are now recognized as a separate disease group and are currently classified as T-cell prolymphocytic leukemias ( ...
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is implicated in ... 3] : (1) precursor B-cell neoplasms, which include B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with or without recurrent genetic ... Both lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias are included in this classification because both solid and circulating phases are present ... For instance, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are different ...
B-CLL/SLL = B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic leukemia. ‡ PLL = prolymphocytic leukemia ... 11] Chen et al noted that the association with cyclin D1 overexpression in hairy cell leukemia may suggest sox11 involvement in ... Splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable; this includes splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma and hairy cell ... of a subset of hairy cell leukemias, as well as an overexpression of cyclin D1. [ ...
Prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia include your age, chromosome changes and stage of the CLL. Learn about ... A higher number of prolymphocytes in the blood is called prolymphocytic transformation. It has a less favourable prognosis. ... When the leukemia cells are more spread out (called a diffuse pattern) it is a less favourable prognostic factor. Leukemia ... Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) Health Professional Version. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2014. ...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. *B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. *Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ ... Feline leukemia virus and related diseases: Introduction. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved January 28, 2007. ... Malignant Lymphoma, small lymphocytic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). *Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, predominantly small ... Lymphoma in young cats occurs most frequently following infection with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or to a lesser degree ...
T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia ... CHypertensionInflammationInsomniaLeukemiaLung cancerLupus ...
T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia ... CHypertensionInflammationInsomniaLeukemiaLung cancerLupus ...
SAMHD1 is recurrently mutated in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.. Blood Cancer J; 2018-01-19; 8(1): 1-16; doi:10.1038/s41408- ... DNA methylation dynamics during B cell maturation underlie a continuum of disease phenotypes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.. ... Recurrent alterations of TNFAIP3 (A20) in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Cancer; 2016-01-01; 138(1): 121-124 ...
Mantle cell leukemia. *B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. *Leukemic phase of non-Hodgkins lymphoma ... Leukemia is a disease of the blood cells and does not usually form a solid tumor. Although leukemia starts in the bone marrow, ... What is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells that arises from the bone marrow and ... Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents approximately 33% of all leukemias and occurs most frequently in the elderly ...
Prolymphocytic leukemia. *. Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia may develop due to treatment that damages ... Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is just one of many types of leukemias (cancers of the white blood ... Chronic leukemia cells mature partly and look more like normal white blood cells than other leukemia cells. Acute leukemias ... Major Differences Between Leukemia and Lymphoma. Symptoms: Do I Have Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?. Most of the time, people ...
Recurrent mutation of JAK3 in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. . Genes Chromosomes Cancer ... Somatic Mutations of JAK1 and JAK3 in Acute Leukemias and Solid Cancers Clin Cancer Res (June,2008) ... Abstract 155: Mining for novel JAK3 mutations in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia Cancer Res (April,2012) ... Infection Exposure Is a Causal Factor in B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia as a Result of Pax5-Inherited ...
Avelino AR, Elmanaseer O, Wrzesinski S, Raval M. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor ( ... Elmanaseer O, Avelino ARM, Azem A, et al Serum sickness reaction to obinutuzumab in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia ...
... or transformation to prolymphocytic leukemia were excluded from the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either ... in patients aged 1-19 years with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia, including 27 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia ( ... Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). VIVIMUSTA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic ... Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). The efficacy of bendamustine hydrochloride was evaluated in an open-label, randomized, ...
T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/prolymphocytic leukemia * T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia ... Rosenwald A, et al; Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after ... Assessment of HTLV-1 serology in at-risk populations to identify CD30+ adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) ...
In the year 2002, at the age of 68, he was diagnosed with Prolymphocytic Leukemia (PLL). According to medical estimates, he had ... and 60-year olds be able to receive the life-giving treatments now available for leukemia and other cancer patients? ...
Matutes E, Brito-Bapapulle V, Swansbury J, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukemia. ... Inactivation of the ATM gene in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemias. Blood 1998;91:3920-6. ... Yuille MA, Coignet LJ, Abraham SM, et al. ATM is usually rearranged in T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. Oncogene 1998;16:789-96 ... Frequent inactivating mutations of the ATM gene have been reported in patients with rare sporadic T cell prolymphocytic ...
... or transformation to prolymphocytic leukemia were excluded from the study. The patient populations in the bendamustine ... 14.1 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) 14.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) 15 REFERENCES 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 17 ... 1.1 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) 1.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Selection of Bendamustine ... including 27 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 16 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bendamustine ...
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. R. R. B-cell, prolymphocytic leukemia. R. R. ... D018380 - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, D015470 - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, D054198 - Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic ...
  • 3 3 2009 B lymphocytes Cell surface Hairy cell leukemia Leukemia Malignant lymphomas Scanning electron microscopy Acta haemat. (karger.com)
  • Both lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias are included in this classification because both solid and circulating phases are present in many lymphoid neoplasms and distinction between them is artificial. (medscape.com)
  • For instance, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are different manifestations of the same neoplasm, as are lymphoblastic lymphomas and T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. (medscape.com)
  • Confirmation of diagnosis and immunophenotype in acute and chronic leukemias and lymphomas. (umich.edu)
  • Measurement of TdT may be an adjunct to the diagnosis of some leukemias and lymphoblastic lymphomas and will be run at the discretion of the hematopathologist at an additional charge. (umich.edu)
  • Though this is sometimes referred to as a "leukemia", even by some oncologists, that is technically incorrect and ICD10 considers them to be lymphomas. (kuality.ca)
  • This applies to essentially ALL so-called B-cell leukemias, which are actually lymphomas. (kuality.ca)
  • CALQUENCE is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). (drugs.com)
  • Lymphocytic, lymphoid, or lymphoblastic leukemias start in the cells that become lymphocyte white blood cells. (medicine.net)
  • The most common type of lymphoid leukemia is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (kuality.ca)
  • Acute leukemias have cancer cells that look more immature, wild, and defective. (medicine.net)
  • Chronic leukemias are slow growing but are more complicated to cure than acute leukemias. (medicine.net)
  • This section focuses on prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL). (cancer.net)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia affects a particular type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes . (medifocus.com)
  • Complete blood count (CBC) test to measure many types of cells in your blood: Too many lymphocytes are a sign of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (medicine.net)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by progressive accumulation of phenotypically mature malignant B lymphocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Frequent inactivating mutations of the ATM gene have been reported in patients with rare sporadic T cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), and most recently, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (bmj.com)
  • It is called chronic NK-cell leukemia and is treated like T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. (kuality.ca)
  • 1) precursor B-cell neoplasms, which include B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with or without recurrent genetic abnormalities, and (2) mature B-cell neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • 6] Case reports have described AN associated with hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, and even benign gastrointestinal neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Although the exact cause of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is currently not known, researchers have recently discovered that certain mutations (genetic alterations or errors) that occur in the DNA of normal bone marrow cells can cause these cells to transform into leukemic cells. (medifocus.com)
  • Leukemia is a disease of the blood cells and does not usually form a solid tumor. (medifocus.com)
  • Any cancer/malignancy (either a "solid tumor" or a leukemia/lymphoma/bone marrow malignancy/"liquid tumor", i.e. any ICD10 code from C00-C99) can be a comorbid diagnosis --- BUT it's vital to distinguish malignancies in this category based on whether they are believed to be cured or not. (kuality.ca)
  • In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CD5+ B cells undergo malignant transformation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1 Patients with active T-PLL present with an exponential rise of post-thymic T cells with prolymphocytic morphology, hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and effusions. (haematologica.org)
  • Test of the cells in the bone marrow: A healthcare provider samples the tissue with a needle, and a pathologist checks it for leukemia cells. (medicine.net)
  • Dissection of Subclonal Evolution by Temporal Mutation Profiling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Treated With Ibrutinib , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER 146: (1) pp. 85-93. (doktori.hu)
  • Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia develop a high-grade (aggressive) form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma called a large B-cell lymphoma . (medifocus.com)
  • Vivimusta (bendamustine hydrochloride injection) is an alkylating drug indicated for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has progressed during or within six months of treatment with rituximab or a rituximab-containing regimen. (rxlist.com)
  • VIVIMUSTA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (rxlist.com)
  • Atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (uni-koeln.de)
  • Specifically, CLL differs from acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of how mature the cancer cells are. (medicine.net)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Multiple myeloma (MM), and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). (codemap.com)
  • Comprehensive profiling of disease-relevant copy number aberrations for advanced clinical diagnostics of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia , MODERN PATHOLOGY 33: (5) pp. 812-824. (doktori.hu)
  • 1 T-PLL cells commonly demonstrate rearrangements involving T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1 (TCL1) family genes TCL1A, MTCP1 (mature T-cell proliferation), or TCL1B as molecular hallmarks. (haematologica.org)
  • There is classification sysytem for B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia . (wikidoc.org)
  • No criteria for the classification of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia has emerged. (wikidoc.org)
  • In large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells involvement of body fluid this concept becomes less challenging. (cytojournal.com)
  • Large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells tend to have large size nuclei, less mature chromatin, and visible nucleoli with and without cytoplasmic vacuoles. (cytojournal.com)
  • T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive mature T-cell neoplasm that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy and has a dismal outcome. (haematologica.org)
  • Novel Mutations in NOTCH and Altered Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Indicate a Role of Embryonic Signals in the Pathogenesis of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is just one of many types of leukemias (cancers of the white blood cells). (medicine.net)
  • Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma characterized by high levels of abnormal plasma cells circulating in the peripheral (circulating) blood. (kuality.ca)
  • This is the first page of Cancer.Net's Guide to B-Cell Leukemia. (cancer.net)
  • Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. (cancer.net)
  • Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells that arises from the bone marrow and circulates in the blood. (medifocus.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a bone marrow cancer leading to abnormal white blood cells in the blood. (medicine.net)
  • Leukemias are classified as myeloid or lymphocytic depending on what precursor cells the cancer starts in. (medicine.net)
  • The symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia often are vague and are also symptoms of diseases other than cancer. (medicine.net)
  • But without universal medical care, how will 40- 50- and 60-year olds be able to receive the life-giving treatments now available for leukemia and other cancer patients? (democratsabroad.org)
  • Aberrant NFAT signaling is causally involved in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, and several other malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PLL and HCL are types of chronic B-cell leukemia. (cancer.net)
  • Aggressive NK-cell leukemia (also called aggressive NK-cell lymphoma, or ANKL), is a very rare type of NHL. (kuality.ca)
  • There is a very rare slow-growing (indolent) type of NK-cell leukemia that has a more favorable prognosis. (kuality.ca)
  • In the early stages of the disease, clinical symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia may not be obvious or may be overlooked by the patient. (medifocus.com)
  • Abnormal blood cells (called leukemia cells) can form different patterns in the bone marrow. (cancer.ca)
  • Although leukemia starts in the bone marrow, it can spread to the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, central nervous system (CNS) and other organs. (medifocus.com)
  • 1 Myeloid leukemias begin in the bone marrow cells that become other types of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. (medicine.net)
  • The pathologist may also check other blood, bone marrow, and lymph node samples to determine the kind of leukemia. (medicine.net)
  • My friend's husband just got a bone marrow transplant this week to help in his battle with leukemia! (kendavis.com)
  • Beside basic research questions in biology (e.g. clonal competition at the level of stem cells, stem cell - niche interactions or cell migration), we specifically address topics with an explicit clinical relation (e.g. disease and treatment models of different leukemia types and other malignancies). (tu-dresden.de)
  • We describe a patient with T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) in whom a febrile disease with lung abscess due to R. equi developed 10 weeks after the complete remission of leukemia was induced by chemotherapy combined with alemtuzumab. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is mainly a fatal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leukemia begins when healthy blood cells change and grow out of control. (cancer.net)
  • Leukemia starts when healthy blood cells change and grow uncontrollably. (zenonco.io)
  • A higher number of prolymphocytes in the blood is called prolymphocytic transformation. (cancer.ca)
  • Chronic leukemia cells mature partly and look more like normal white blood cells than other leukemia cells. (medicine.net)
  • If you have these symptoms, abnormal blood tests, and are the right age for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, your healthcare provider will order tests to diagnose chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (medicine.net)
  • Learn about survival statistics for chronic lymphocytic leukemia including median survival and questions to ask your doctor about CLL. (cancer.ca)
  • Prolymphocytic leukemia is divided into two types according to the kind of cell involved: B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are other, less common types of leukemia, but they are generally subcategories of 1 of the 4 main categories. (cancer.net)
  • This type of leukemia may occur by itself, together with CLL , or CLL may turn into PLL. (cancer.net)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in the Western world. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This article will explain chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the symptoms and treatments, and what people can expect regarding life expectancy, survival, remission, and relapse rates. (medicine.net)
  • People with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may have questions about their prognosis and survival. (cancer.ca)
  • It's rare in children but is the most common leukemia in adults 1 -accounting for about 38% of new leukemia cases in adults. (medicine.net)