A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.
Epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa associated with Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.
'Oral Submucous Fibrosis' is a chronic, insidious, and potentially disabling condition, characterized by progressive stiffness and loss of elasticity of the oral mucosa, due to fibrotic changes in the lamina propria, often associated with juxta-epithelial inflammation and epithelial atrophy.
Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.
'Mouth diseases' is a broad term referring to various conditions that cause inflammation, infection, or structural changes in any part of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, palate, cheeks, and teeth, which can lead to symptoms such as pain, discomfort, difficulty in chewing or speaking, and altered aesthetics.
An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a "saw-tooth" pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.
A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.
Powdered or cut pieces of leaves of NICOTIANA TABACUM which are inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.
Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but also occurs in the larynx, nasal cavity, esophagus, penis, anorectal region, vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, and skin, especially on the sole of the foot. Most intraoral cases occur in elderly male abusers of smokeless tobacco. The treatment is surgical resection. Radiotherapy is not indicated, as up to 30% treated with radiation become highly aggressive within six months. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
A low-molecular-weight protein (minimum molecular weight 8000) which has the ability to inhibit trypsin as well as chymotrypsin at independent binding sites. It is characterized by a high cystine content and the absence of glycine.
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)
A condition of the mucous membrane characterized by erythematous papular lesions. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.
Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.
The oval-shaped oral cavity located at the apex of the digestive tract and consisting of two parts: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
A predominantly X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by a triad of reticular skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia of mucous membranes. Oral and dental abnormalities may also be present. Complications are a predisposition to malignancy and bone marrow involvement with pancytopenia. (from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin.
Direct nucleotide sequencing of gene fragments from multiple housekeeping genes for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis, organism identification, and typing of species, strain, serovar, or other distinguishable phylogenetic level.
One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hungary" is not a medical term; it is a country located in Central Europe, and its name should not be used in the context of medical definitions.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term that can be defined in a medical context. It is a geographical location, referring to the Republic of India, a country in South Asia. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help with those!
Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.
Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
A group of tetraterpenes, with four terpene units joined head-to-tail. Biologically active members of this class are used clinically in the treatment of severe cystic ACNE; PSORIASIS; and other disorders of keratinization.
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

Regulation of Epstein-Barr virus promoters in oral epithelial cells and lymphocytes. (1/39)

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a proliferative lesion of the tongue that supports abundant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication. Previous work showed high-level expression of the EBV BMRF2 gene in HL. To characterize the regulation of BMRF2 expression in HL, we mapped the 5' ends of the BMRF1 and BMRF2 transcripts and showed that BMRF2 is expressed from a novel internal promoter within the BMRF1 coding region. Mechanisms of BMRF2 regulation were compared in oral epithelial cells and B lymphocytes, as were those of BMRF1 and BDLF3, early and late EBV transcripts, respectively, that are also known to be expressed in HL. Basal activity of the putative BMRF2 promoter was 10-fold higher in HSC-3 epithelial cells than in B lymphocytes. The BMRF2 and the BDLF3 promoters were responsive to induction by phorbol ester, but unlike the BMRF1 promoter, they were not responsive to BZLF1 transactivation. By mutational analysis, the major activity of the BMRF2 promoter mapped to a 50-bp region, which includes a TATA-like element and a GC box. The BMRF2 promoter may be regulated differentially from the BMRF1 promoter and more closely resembles that of BDLF3. This novel BMRF2 promoter likely belongs to a class of viral promoters that is more responsive to mechanisms known to induce epithelial cell differentiation, consistent with its high level of expression in HL.  (+info)

Expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transcripts encoding homologues to important human proteins in diverse EBV associated diseases. (2/39)

AIMS: To examine the expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transcripts encoding proteins homologous to important human proteins in diverse EBV associated diseases. The proteins were: BHRF1 (homologous to Bcl-2), BDLF2 (homologous to cyclin B1), BARF1 (homologous to intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)), and BCRF1 (viral IL-10 (vIL-10), homologous to human IL-10 (hIL-10)). METHODS: Six cases of oral hairy leukoplakia, seven of Hodgkin's disease, eight of T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nine of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined at the mRNA level using either the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA). Different primer sets allowed the differentiation by RT-PCR of the latent (Cp/Wp driven) and lytic (Hp driven) transcripts of BHRF1. A specific NASBA reaction was developed for the detection of vIL-10 and BDLF2 transcripts and this was tested initially on cell lines and later on clinical samples. RESULTS: vIL-10 and BDLF2 were expressed almost exclusively in oral hairy leukoplakia, whereas BARF1 transcripts were present in all cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with weak expression in one oral hairy leukoplakia and isolated cases of lymphoid malignancy. Both BHRF1 transcripts were detected across the range of tissues tested, but strong expression of lytic BHRF1 transcripts was seen only in oral hairy leukoplakia. CONCLUSIONS: vIL-10 and BDLF2 transcripts are expressed during productive EBV infection and are unlikely to be important in the pathogenesis of EBV associated malignancies. BARF1 appears to be expressed preferentially during viral latency and is more closely associated with malignant rather than benign epithelial proliferations. The alternative transcripts derived from the BHRF1 open reading frame may have very different roles during latent or productive infection.  (+info)

Hairy leukoplakia: an unusual combination of transforming and permissive Epstein-Barr virus infections. (3/39)

Human herpesviruses are characterized by distinct states of infection. Typically in permissive herpesvirus infection, abundant virus production results in cell lysis. In latent transforming Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, viral proteins that induce cell growth are expressed. The immunodeficiency-associated hairy leukoplakia (HLP) lesion is the only pathologic manifestation of permissive EBV infection; however, within HLP, viral proteins characteristic of latent infection have also been detected. In this study, we further analyzed expression of EBV latent genes and investigated their contribution to the unique histologic phenotype of HLP. Coexpression of lytic and transforming viral proteins was detected simultaneously within individual HLP keratinocytes. LMP1 has now been shown to be uniformly expressed in the affected tissue, and it is associated and colocalizes with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) signaling molecules. Effects induced by activated TRAF signaling that were detected in HLP included activation of NF-kappaB and c-Jun terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and upregulated expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD40, A20, and TRAFs. This study identifies a novel state of EBV infection with concurrent expression of replicative and transforming proteins. It is probable that both replicative and latent proteins contribute to HLP development and induce many of the histologic features of HLP, such as acanthosis and hyperproliferation. In contrast to other permissive herpesvirus infections, expression of EBV transforming proteins within the permissively infected HLP tissue enables epithelial cell survival and may enhance viral replication.  (+info)

Persistent productive Epstein-Barr virus replication in normal epithelial cells in vivo. (4/39)

Productive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication characterizes hairy leukoplakia, an oral epithelial lesion typically occurring in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serial tongue biopsy specimens were obtained from HIV-infected subjects before, during, and after valacyclovir treatment. EBV replication was detected by Southern hybridization to linear terminal EBV genome fragments, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification of EBV replicative gene transcripts, immunohistochemical detection of EBV replicative protein, and in situ hybridization to EBV DNA. EBV replication was detected in both hairy leukoplakia and normal tongue tissues. Valacyclovir treatment completely abrogated EBV replication in vivo, resulting in resolution of hairy leukoplakia when it was present. EBV replication returned in normal tongue epithelial cells after valacyclovir treatment. These data suggest that normal oral epithelium supports persistent EBV infection in individuals infected with HIV and that productive EBV replication is necessary but not sufficient for the pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia.  (+info)

Evidence for trafficking of Epstein-Barr virus strains between hairy leukoplakia and peripheral blood lymphocytes. (5/39)

Hairy leukoplakia (HL), an epithelial lesion found on the side of the tongue in immunocompromised individuals, is characterized by high-level replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple EBV strains. The source of these strains and their relationship to peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) strains has not previously been characterized. Using matched pairs of HL scrapings and PBL from 16 HIV-positive men, variation in EBV strain identity was characterized by detection of a 30 nucleotide deletion of the EBV latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 gene, variation in the LMP-1 repeat region and typing for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)-2. Multiple EBV strains were found in both the HL and PBL specimens, but 13 of 16 (81%) patients showed evidence of strain identity for at least one strain and analysis of two patients suggested that EBV strains from HL could infect the PBL. Our data are consistent with active trafficking of EBV between these two compartments.  (+info)

Identification of Epstein-Barr virus strain variants in hairy leukoplakia and peripheral blood by use of a heteroduplex tracking assay. (6/39)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strains can be distinguished by specific sequence variations in the LMP1 gene. In this study, a heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) specific for LMP1 was developed to precisely identify the prototypic undeleted strain B958, other undeleted strains (Ch2, AL, NC, and Med-), and strains with the 30-bp deletion (Med+ and Ch1). This technique also provides an estimate of the relative abundance of strains in patient samples. In this study, EBV strains were identified in 25 hairy leukoplakia (HLP) biopsies and six matched peripheral blood samples and throat washes with the LMP1-HTA. To investigate the relationship of the virus found in the peripheral blood to that in the HLP lesion, the strain variants in the peripheral blood B lymphocytes and those present within the epithelial cells in the HLP lesion and in throat washes were identified. In many of the subjects, compartmental differences in the EBV strain profiles in the oral cavity and peripheral blood were readily apparent. The throat wash specimens usually had a strain profile similar to that within the corresponding HLP sample, which was distinct from the strain profile detected in the peripheral blood. These analyses reveal that the nature of EBV infection can be very dynamic, with changes in relative strain abundance over time as well as the appearance of new strains. The patterns of abundance in the blood and oral cavity provide evidence for compartmentalization and for the transmission of strains between the blood and oropharynx.  (+info)

Oral manifestations in the era of HAART. (7/39)

AIDS has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, disproportionately affecting African-Americans and other minorities. As highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have improved the length and quality of life for HIV-Infected people, oral health care has made similar strides. It is important that physicians and dentists recognize the earliest signs and symptoms of HIV infection in order that a timely diagnosis and patient referral can be made for early counseling testing, and treatment. At the same time, dentists have seen themselves at considerable risk from HIV Infection. Some dentists believe that they may also be more at risk from stigma then other providers if they treat HIV patients.  (+info)

Epstein-Barr virus replication in oral hairy leukoplakia: response, persistence, and resistance to treatment with valacyclovir. (8/39)

Nineteen cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated oral hairy leukoplakia (HLP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication were treated with high-dose oral valacyclovir to inhibit productive EBV replication. The clinical, histopathological, and molecular viral responses to treatment were assessed in surgical biopsy specimens obtained before, during, and after treatment. In the majority of treated cases, HLP was resolved, and EBV replication was terminated. In many cases, the initial response to inhibition of replication was a persistent, nonproductive, EBV infection of the oral mucosa, characterized by limited expression of replicative EBV genes, especially BZLF1. In some cases, productive EBV replication recurred after discontinuation of treatment with valacyclovir. In a few treated cases, treatment failed, and productive EBV replication persisted, possibly because of the evolution of acyclovir-resistant EBV. In summary, safe treatment of HLP and of EBV replication, with valacyclovir, provides new insight into the mechanisms of EBV persistence in oral mucosa.  (+info)

Leukoplakia is a medical term used to describe a white or gray patch that develops on the mucous membranes lining the inside of the mouth. These patches are typically caused by excessive cell growth and cannot be easily scraped off. Leukoplakia is often associated with long-term tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco, as well as alcohol consumption. While most cases of leukoplakia are benign, a small percentage can develop into oral cancer, so it's essential to have any suspicious patches evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Hairy leukoplakia is a medical condition characterized by the presence of white, thickened patches or lesions that develop on the tongue or inside of the cheek. It gets its name "hairy" from the appearance of tiny, hair-like projections on the surface of the lesions. This condition is most commonly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is considered an oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS. However, it can also occur in individuals with a weakened immune system due to other causes. It's important to note that while hairy leukoplakia itself is not cancerous, it can indicate an increased risk for developing oral cancer.

A mouth neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth or tumor in the oral cavity, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant mouth neoplasms are also known as oral cancer. They can develop on the lips, gums, tongue, roof and floor of the mouth, inside the cheeks, and in the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

Mouth neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, white or red patches, persistent mouth sores, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and numbness in the mouth. Early detection and treatment of mouth neoplasms are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially disabling disease that affects the oral soft tissues. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis (excessive deposition of collagen) of the submucosal tissues, leading to stiffness and limitation of mouth opening, tongue movement, and occasionally swallowing or speaking difficulties. The condition primarily affects individuals with a history of areca nut (betel nut) chewing, although other factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic predisposition may also contribute to its development. Symptoms can include burning sensation in the mouth, dryness, and pain during speaking, eating, or swallowing. In severe cases, OSF can lead to significant functional impairment and require surgical intervention.

The mouth mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, also known as the oral mucosa. It covers the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, palate, and floor of the mouth. This moist tissue is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Its functions include protecting the underlying tissues from physical trauma, chemical irritation, and microbial infections; aiding in food digestion by producing enzymes; and providing sensory information about taste, temperature, and texture.

Mouth diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, teeth, tongue, palate, and lining of the mouth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other organisms. They can also result from injuries, chronic illnesses, or genetic factors.

Some common examples of mouth diseases include dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease (gum disease), oral herpes, candidiasis (thrush), lichen planus, and oral cancer. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, bleeding, bad breath, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and changes in the appearance of the mouth or teeth. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and may involve medications, dental procedures, or lifestyle changes.

Lichen Planus is a chronic, autoimmune skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes inside the mouth, genitals, and eyes. It is characterized by the appearance of purplish, flat-topped bumps or lesions on the skin, which may be itchy. The exact cause of Lichen Planus is unknown, but it is believed to occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the skin or mucous membranes. Certain medications, viral infections, and genetic factors may increase the risk of developing this condition. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and may include topical corticosteroids, oral medications, or light therapy.

Keratosis, in general, refers to a skin condition characterized by the abnormal growth or development of keratin, a protein that forms part of the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). There are several types of keratosis, including:

1. Seborrheic Keratosis: benign, often pigmented, rough, and scaly growths that can appear anywhere on the body. They tend to increase in number with age.
2. Actinic Keratosis: rough, scaly patches or spots on the skin that are caused by long-term exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light. These have the potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.
3. Solar Keratosis: another term for actinic keratosis, as it is primarily caused by sun damage.
4. Keratosis Pilaris: a common condition where small, rough bumps appear on the skin, often on the arms, thighs, or cheeks. These are caused by excess keratin blocking hair follicles.
5. Follicular Keratosis: a disorder characterized by the formation of horny plugs within the hair follicles, leading to rough, sandpaper-like bumps on the skin.
6. Intraepidermal Keratosis: a term used to describe the abnormal accumulation of keratin in the epidermis, which can lead to various skin conditions.

It's important to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment if you suspect having any form of keratosis.

In medical terms, the tongue is a muscular organ in the oral cavity that plays a crucial role in various functions such as taste, swallowing, and speech. It's covered with a mucous membrane and contains papillae, which are tiny projections that contain taste buds to help us perceive different tastes - sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. The tongue also assists in the initial process of digestion by moving food around in the mouth for chewing and mixing with saliva. Additionally, it helps in forming words and speaking clearly by shaping the sounds produced in the mouth.

Smokeless tobacco is a type of tobacco that is not burned or smoked. It's often called "spit" or "chewing" tobacco. The most common forms of smokeless tobacco in the United States are snuff and chewing tobacco. Snuff is a finely ground tobacco that can be dry or moist. Dry snuff is sniffed or taken through the nose, while moist snuff is placed between the lower lip or cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is plugs, leaves, or twists of tobacco that are chewed or sucked on.

Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive. When you use smokeless tobacco, the nicotine is absorbed through the lining of your mouth and goes directly into your bloodstream. This can lead to a rapid increase in nicotine levels in your body, which can make it harder to quit using tobacco.

Smokeless tobacco also contains harmful chemicals that can cause cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas. It can also cause other health problems, such as gum disease, tooth decay, and precancerous lesions in the mouth. Using smokeless tobacco can also increase your risk of developing heart disease and having a stroke.

A precancerous condition, also known as a premalignant condition, is a state of abnormal cellular growth and development that has a higher-than-normal potential to progress into cancer. These conditions are characterized by the presence of certain anomalies in the cells, such as dysplasia (abnormal changes in cell shape or size), which can indicate an increased risk for malignant transformation.

It is important to note that not all precancerous conditions will eventually develop into cancer, and some may even regress on their own. However, individuals with precancerous conditions are often at a higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. Regular monitoring and appropriate medical interventions, if necessary, can help manage this risk and potentially prevent or detect cancer at an early stage when it is more treatable.

Examples of precancerous conditions include:

1. Dysplasia in the cervix (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN)
2. Atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular hyperplasia in the breast
3. Actinic keratosis on the skin
4. Leukoplakia in the mouth
5. Barrett's esophagus in the digestive tract

Regular medical check-ups, screenings, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for individuals with precancerous conditions to monitor their health and reduce the risk of cancer development.

Oral candidiasis is a medical condition characterized by an infection of the oral mucous membranes caused by the Candida fungus species, most commonly Candida albicans. It is also known as thrush or oral thrush. The infection typically appears as white, creamy, or yellowish patches or plaques on the tongue, inner cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, and sometimes on the tonsils or back of the throat. These lesions can be painful, causing soreness, burning sensations, and difficulty swallowing. Oral candidiasis can affect people of all ages; however, it is more commonly seen in infants, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems due to illness or medication use. Various factors such as poor oral hygiene, dentures, smoking, dry mouth, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or HIV/AIDS can increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications in the form of topical creams, lozenges, or oral solutions, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the infection.

Carcinoma, verrucous is a type of slow-growing, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that has a exophytic, papillary, and warty appearance. It typically occurs in the oral cavity, larynx, and genital regions. The tumor often has a long clinical course and is locally invasive but has low potential for metastasis.

It's also known as Ackerman's tumor or Buschke-Lowenstein tumor when it occurs in the genital region. It can be caused by long-standing irritation, chronic inflammation, or infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). The diagnosis is usually made through a biopsy and imaging studies may be used to determine the extent of the tumor. Treatment typically involves surgical excision, but radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used in some cases.

The Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean is a type of protease inhibitor that is found in soybeans. It is named after its discoverer, Henry B. Bowman, and the location where it was first discovered, the Birk farm in Ohio. This protein inhibits the activity of trypsin, an enzyme that helps digest proteins in the body.

The Bowman-Birk Trypsin Inhibitor (BBTI) is a small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 8000 Da and consists of two inhibitory domains, each containing a reactive site for trypsin. This dual inhibitory property allows BBTI to inhibit both trypsin and chymotrypsin, another proteolytic enzyme.

BBTI has been studied extensively due to its potential health benefits. It has been shown to have anti-cancer properties, as it can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis (programmed cell death). Additionally, BBTI may also have anti-inflammatory effects and has been shown to protect against oxidative stress.

However, it is important to note that excessive consumption of BBTI may interfere with protein digestion and absorption in the body, as it inhibits trypsin activity. Therefore, soybeans and soybean-derived products should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Lichen Planus, Oral is a relatively common inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth. It is characterized by the presence of white, lacy patches (called Wickham's striae), papules, or plaques on the oral mucosa, which can be uncomfortable or painful, especially when eating spicy, salty, or acidic foods. The condition can also cause soreness, redness, and ulceration in some cases.

The exact cause of oral lichen planus is not known, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response in which the body's immune system attacks the cells in the oral mucosa. The condition can affect people of any age, but it is most commonly seen in middle-aged adults, and it affects women more often than men.

While there is no cure for oral lichen planus, treatment can help to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Topical corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain, while systemic medications may be prescribed in severe cases. It is important to avoid irritants such as tobacco, alcohol, and spicy foods, which can exacerbate symptoms. Regular dental check-ups are also recommended to monitor the condition and prevent any complications.

Erythroplasia is a medical term used to describe a lesion or patch on the mucous membrane that is characterized by bright red appearance. It is most commonly associated with erythroplasia of Queyrat, which is a precancerous condition that affects the penis's foreskin or glans in uncircumcised males.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat typically appears as a well-demarcated, smooth, bright red plaque. It can be asymptomatic or associated with symptoms such as itching, burning, or discomfort. The condition is caused by the dysplastic transformation of squamous cells and has the potential to progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated.

The diagnosis of erythroplasia usually involves a biopsy to confirm the presence of dysplastic changes in the affected tissue. Treatment options include topical therapies, such as 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod, and surgical excision. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor for recurrence or progression to cancer.

Medical Definition of "Herpesvirus 4, Human" (Epstein-Barr Virus)

"Herpesvirus 4, Human," also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a member of the Herpesviridae family and is one of the most common human viruses. It is primarily transmitted through saliva and is often referred to as the "kissing disease."

EBV is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM), also known as glandular fever, which is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus can also cause other diseases, including certain types of cancer, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Once a person becomes infected with EBV, the virus remains in the body for the rest of their life, residing in certain white blood cells called B lymphocytes. In most people, the virus remains dormant and does not cause any further symptoms. However, in some individuals, the virus may reactivate, leading to recurrent or persistent symptoms.

EBV infection is diagnosed through various tests, including blood tests that detect antibodies against the virus or direct detection of the virus itself through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. There is no cure for EBV infection, and treatment is generally supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications. Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and not sharing personal items such as toothbrushes or drinking glasses.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the squamous cells, which are flat, thin cells that form the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, lips, and backs of the hands. Squamous cell carcinoma can also develop in other areas of the body including the mouth, lungs, and cervix.

This type of cancer usually develops slowly and may appear as a rough or scaly patch of skin, a red, firm nodule, or a sore or ulcer that doesn't heal. While squamous cell carcinoma is not as aggressive as some other types of cancer, it can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body if left untreated, making early detection and treatment important.

Risk factors for developing squamous cell carcinoma include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and older age. Prevention measures include protecting your skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, avoiding tanning beds, and getting regular skin examinations.

Melanosis is a general term that refers to an increased deposit of melanin, the pigment responsible for coloring our skin, in the skin or other organs. It can occur in response to various factors such as sun exposure, aging, or certain medical conditions. There are several types of melanosis, including:

1. Epidermal melanosis: This type of melanosis is characterized by an increase in melanin within the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It can result from sun exposure, hormonal changes, or inflammation.
2. Dermal melanosis: In this type of melanosis, there is an accumulation of melanin within the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. It can be caused by various conditions such as nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, or melanoma metastasis.
3. Mucosal melanosis: This type of melanosis involves an increase in melanin within the mucous membranes, such as those lining the mouth, nose, and genitals. It can be a sign of systemic disorders like Addison's disease or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
4. Lentigo simplex: Also known as simple lentigines, these are small, benign spots that appear on sun-exposed skin. They result from an increase in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin.
5. Labial melanotic macule: This is a pigmented lesion found on the lips, typically the lower lip. It is more common in darker-skinned individuals and is usually benign but should be monitored for changes that may indicate malignancy.
6. Ocular melanosis: An increase in melanin within the eye can lead to various conditions such as ocular melanocytosis, oculodermal melanocytosis, or choroidal melanoma.

It is important to note that while some forms of melanosis are benign and harmless, others may indicate an underlying medical condition or even malignancy. Therefore, any new or changing pigmented lesions should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

'Toxic plants' refer to those species of plants that contain toxic substances capable of causing harmful effects or adverse health reactions in humans and animals when ingested, touched, or inhaled. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms from mild irritation to serious conditions such as organ failure, paralysis, or even death depending on the plant, the amount consumed, and the individual's sensitivity to the toxin.

Toxic plants may contain various types of toxins, including alkaloids, glycosides, proteins, resinous substances, and essential oils. Some common examples of toxic plants include poison ivy, poison oak, nightshade, hemlock, oleander, castor bean, and foxglove. It is important to note that some parts of a plant may be toxic while others are not, and the toxicity can also vary depending on the stage of growth or environmental conditions.

If you suspect exposure to a toxic plant, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately and, if possible, bring a sample of the plant for identification.

Mycological typing techniques are methods used to identify and classify fungi at the species or strain level, based on their unique biological characteristics. These techniques are often used in clinical laboratories to help diagnose fungal infections and determine the most effective treatment approaches.

There are several different mycological typing techniques that may be used, depending on the specific type of fungus being identified and the resources available in the laboratory. Some common methods include:

1. Phenotypic methods: These methods involve observing and measuring the physical characteristics of fungi, such as their growth patterns, colonial morphology, and microscopic features. Examples include macroscopic and microscopic examination, as well as biochemical tests to identify specific metabolic properties.

2. Genotypic methods: These methods involve analyzing the DNA or RNA of fungi to identify unique genetic sequences that can be used to distinguish between different species or strains. Examples include PCR-based methods, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, as well as sequencing-based methods, such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

3. Proteotypic methods: These methods involve analyzing the proteins expressed by fungi to identify unique protein profiles that can be used to distinguish between different species or strains. Examples include matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Mycological typing techniques are important tools for understanding the epidemiology of fungal infections, tracking outbreaks, and developing effective treatment strategies. By accurately identifying the specific fungi causing an infection, healthcare providers can tailor their treatments to target the most vulnerable aspects of the pathogen, improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of drug resistance.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Hyphae (singular: hypha) are the long, branching filamentous structures of fungi that make up the mycelium. They are composed of an inner layer of cell wall materials and an outer layer of proteinaceous fibrils. Hyphae can be divided into several types based on their structure and function, including septate (with cross-walls) and coenocytic (without cross-walls) hyphae, as well as vegetative and reproductive hyphae. The ability of fungi to grow as hyphal networks allows them to explore and exploit their environment for resources, making hyphae critical to the ecology and survival of these organisms.

In medical terms, the mouth is officially referred to as the oral cavity. It is the first part of the digestive tract and includes several structures: the lips, vestibule (the space enclosed by the lips and teeth), teeth, gingiva (gums), hard and soft palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The mouth is responsible for several functions including speaking, swallowing, breathing, and eating, as it is the initial point of ingestion where food is broken down through mechanical and chemical processes, beginning the digestive process.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope for the presence of disease. This can help doctors diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as cancer, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location and nature of the suspected condition. Some common types of biopsies include:

1. Incisional biopsy: In this procedure, a surgeon removes a piece of tissue from an abnormal area using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. This type of biopsy is often used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely during the initial biopsy.

2. Excisional biopsy: An excisional biopsy involves removing the entire abnormal area, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This technique is typically employed for smaller lesions or when cancer is suspected.

3. Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from the body. There are two main types of needle biopsies: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA extracts loose cells, while a core needle biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.

4. Punch biopsy: In a punch biopsy, a round, sharp tool is used to remove a small cylindrical sample of skin tissue. This type of biopsy is often used for evaluating rashes or other skin abnormalities.

5. Shave biopsy: During a shave biopsy, a thin slice of tissue is removed from the surface of the skin using a sharp razor-like instrument. This technique is typically used for superficial lesions or growths on the skin.

After the biopsy sample has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and provide a diagnosis based on their findings. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition.

Beta-carotene is a type of carotenoid, which is a pigment found in plants that gives them their vibrant colors. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.

Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body, which is an essential nutrient for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and cell growth. It acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

According to the medical definition, beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid that is converted into vitamin A in the body. It has a variety of health benefits, including supporting eye health, boosting the immune system, and reducing the risk of certain types of cancer. However, it is important to note that excessive consumption of beta-carotene supplements can lead to a condition called carotenemia, which causes the skin to turn yellow or orange.

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells and can also affect other parts of the body, such as the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It is characterized by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia (white patches) in the mouth. People with dyskeratosis congenita are also at an increased risk of developing bone marrow failure, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. The disorder is caused by mutations in genes involved in the maintenance of telomeres, which are the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that shorten as cells divide. These mutations can lead to premature shortening of telomeres and cellular aging, resulting in the symptoms of dyskeratosis congenita.

Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a standardized method used in microbiology to characterize and identify bacterial isolates at the subspecies level. It is based on the sequencing of several (usually 7-10) housekeeping genes, which are essential for the survival of the organism and have a low rate of mutation. The sequence type (ST) is determined by the specific alleles present at each locus, creating a unique profile that can be used to compare and cluster isolates into clonal complexes or sequence types. This method provides high-resolution discrimination between closely related strains and has been widely adopted for molecular epidemiology, infection control, and population genetics studies of bacterial pathogens.

Epithelium is the tissue that covers the outer surface of the body, lines the internal cavities and organs, and forms various glands. It is composed of one or more layers of tightly packed cells that have a uniform shape and size, and rest on a basement membrane. Epithelial tissues are avascular, meaning they do not contain blood vessels, and are supplied with nutrients by diffusion from the underlying connective tissue.

Epithelial cells perform a variety of functions, including protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensation. They can be classified based on their shape and the number of cell layers they contain. The main types of epithelium are:

1. Squamous epithelium: composed of flat, scalelike cells that fit together like tiles on a roof. It forms the lining of blood vessels, air sacs in the lungs, and the outermost layer of the skin.
2. Cuboidal epithelium: composed of cube-shaped cells with equal height and width. It is found in glands, tubules, and ducts.
3. Columnar epithelium: composed of tall, rectangular cells that are taller than they are wide. It lines the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts.
4. Pseudostratified epithelium: appears stratified or layered but is actually made up of a single layer of cells that vary in height. The nuclei of these cells appear at different levels, giving the tissue a stratified appearance. It lines the respiratory and reproductive tracts.
5. Transitional epithelium: composed of several layers of cells that can stretch and change shape to accommodate changes in volume. It is found in the urinary bladder and ureters.

Epithelial tissue provides a barrier between the internal and external environments, protecting the body from physical, chemical, and biological damage. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the exchange of substances between the body and its environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hungary" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in Central Europe, known for its rich history, culture, and natural beauty. If you have any questions about medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country in South Asia, the second-most populous country in the world, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and numerous contributions to various fields including medicine. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to help answer them!

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens (EBV NA) are proteins found inside the nucleus of cells that have been infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a type of herpesvirus that is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis (also known as "mono" or "the kissing disease").

There are two main types of EBV NA: EBNA-1 and EBNA-2. These proteins play a role in the replication and survival of the virus within infected cells. They can be detected using laboratory tests, such as immunofluorescence assays or Western blotting, to help diagnose EBV infection or detect the presence of EBV-associated diseases, such as certain types of lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

EBNA-1 is essential for the maintenance and replication of the EBV genome within infected cells, while EBNA-2 activates viral gene expression and modulates the host cell's immune response to promote virus survival. Both proteins are considered potential targets for the development of antiviral therapies and vaccines against EBV infection.

Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.

Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.

Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.

It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.

'Candida' is a type of fungus (a form of yeast) that is commonly found on the skin and inside the body, including in the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina, in small amounts. It is a part of the normal microbiota and usually does not cause any problems. However, an overgrowth of Candida can lead to infections known as candidiasis or thrush. Common sites for these infections include the skin, mouth, throat, and genital areas. Some factors that can contribute to Candida overgrowth are a weakened immune system, certain medications (such as antibiotics and corticosteroids), diabetes, pregnancy, poor oral hygiene, and wearing damp or tight-fitting clothing. Common symptoms of candidiasis include itching, redness, pain, and discharge. Treatment typically involves antifungal medication, either topical or oral, depending on the site and severity of the infection.

Retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are derivatives of vitamin A. They are widely used in dermatology for the treatment of various skin conditions, including acne, psoriasis, and photoaging. Retinoids can help to reduce inflammation, improve skin texture and tone, and stimulate collagen production.

Retinoids work by binding to specific receptors in the skin cells, which triggers a series of biochemical reactions that regulate gene expression and promote cell differentiation and turnover. This can help to unclog pores, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.

There are several different types of retinoids used in skincare products, including retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, and retinol. Retinoic acid is the most potent form of retinoid and is available by prescription only. Retinaldehyde and retinol are weaker forms of retinoid that can be found in over-the-counter skincare products.

While retinoids can be highly effective for treating various skin conditions, they can also cause side effects such as dryness, irritation, and sensitivity to the sun. It is important to use retinoids as directed by a healthcare professional and to follow proper sun protection measures when using these products.

Neoplastic cell transformation is a process in which a normal cell undergoes genetic alterations that cause it to become cancerous or malignant. This process involves changes in the cell's DNA that result in uncontrolled cell growth and division, loss of contact inhibition, and the ability to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body.

Neoplastic transformation can occur as a result of various factors, including genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogens, viral infections, chronic inflammation, and aging. These changes can lead to the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, which regulate cell growth and division.

The transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is a complex and multi-step process that involves multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. It is characterized by several hallmarks, including sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, enabling replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, activation of invasion and metastasis, reprogramming of energy metabolism, and evading immune destruction.

Neoplastic cell transformation is a fundamental concept in cancer biology and is critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression. It also has important implications for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, as identifying the specific genetic alterations that underlie neoplastic transformation can help guide targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches.

Depending upon what definition of leukoplakia is used, hairy leukoplakia is sometimes considered a subtype of leukoplakia, or a ... Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein- ... Hairy leukoplakia occurs on the tongue and has a similar name to hairy tongue, but these are separate conditions with different ... Oral hairy leukoplakia was discovered by Deborah Greenspan and John S. Greenspan, and in 1985 they identified a connection ...
He was part of a team looking into the molecular pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hairy leukoplakia. Hairy ... Greenspan, Deborah; Greenspan, John S.; Souza, Yvonne de; Levy, Jay A.; Ungar, Allan M. (1989). "Oral hairy leukoplakia in an ... leukoplakia is a lesion that Deborah Greenspan and he discovered, and in 1985 they identified a connection between it and ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia is a corrugated ("hairy") white lesion on the sides of the tongue caused by opportunistic infection with ... oral leukoplakia, leukoplakia of the urinary tract, including bladder leukoplakia or leukoplakia of the penis, vulvae, cervix ... leukoplakia buccalis (leukoplakia of the buccal mucosa) or leukoplakia lingualis (leukoplakia of the lingual mucosa). There are ... Epstein-Barr virus in oral hairy leukoplakia (which is not a true leukoplakia). Human papilloma virus (HPV), especially HPV 16 ...
In people with human immunodeficiency virus, who are at higher risk of oral hairy leukoplakia, a tissue biopsy may be required ... There is a similarity between this appearance and that of hairy leukoplakia, linea alba and leukoedema. ...
... and oral hairy leukoplakia. The viral infection is also associated with, and often contributes to the development of, a wide ... and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus such as hairy leukoplakia and central nervous system lymphomas. The ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia (seen in people with immunosuppression, caused by Epstein-Barr virus) Oral candidiasis can affect the ... Black hairy tongue - some factors thought to cause black hairy tongue are environmental, such as eating a soft diet, poor oral ... Leukoplakia - can affect the tongue Tongue coating - food debris, desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria often form a ... The most common tongue conditions are geographic tongue, followed by fissured tongue and hairy tongue. Hippocrates, Galen and ...
Her dissertation was titled The role of Epstein-Barr virus in hairy leukoplakia and other AIDS associated oral mucosal lesions ... Webster-Cyriaque, Jennifer (1998). The role of Epstein-Barr virus in hairy leukoplakia and other AIDS associated oral mucosal ...
... oral hairy leukoplakia, oral ulcers, oral warts, oral lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Other presentations include gingivitis and ... particularly oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia. Nascimento, Marcelle; Goodson, J. Max; Hartman, Mor-Li; Shi, Ping; ... A hairy tongue may be an indication of Epstein Barr virus infection and is usually seen in those infected with human ...
Diseases include leukoplakia, epulis, gingival hyperplasia, gingivitis, periodontitis and aphthous ulcer (canker sore). To ... Diseases include scrotal or fissured tongue, migratory glossitis (geographic tongue), atrophic glossitis, black hairy tongue, ... Diseases include mucocele, aphthous ulcer, angular stomatitis, carcinoma, cleft lip, leukoplakia, herpes simplex and chelitis. ... Kaposi's sarcoma and leukoplakia. The soft palate is checked with a penlight. It should be light pink, smooth and upwardly ...
... oral hairy leukoplakia. Erythematous candidiasis can mimic geographic tongue. Erythematous candidiasis usually has a diffuse ... rather than a true leukoplakia. Indeed, it can be clinically indistinguishable from true leukoplakia, but tissue biopsy shows ... If candidal leukoplakia is suspected, a biopsy may be indicated. Smears and biopsies are usually stained with periodic acid- ... Another term for hyperplastic candidiasis is "candidal leukoplakia". This term is a largely historical synonym for this subtype ...
While working under Joel Palefsky, he conducted investigations regarding Hairy leukoplakia, an epithelial growth of the Epstein ...
She and John S. Greenspan also discovered hairy leukoplakia, which is a lesion, and in 1985 they identified a connection ...
... oral hairy leukoplakia, oral candidiasis (thrush), black hairy tongue, bifid tongue (due to failure in fusion of two lingual ...
10% of presumed or measured body weight) Oral candidiasis Oral hairy leukoplakia Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed in last ... Oral hairy leucoplakia Pulmonary tuberculosis Severe bacterial infections (i.e. pneumonia, pyomyositis) And/or performance ...
... leukoplakia, oral MeSH C07.465.565.545.500 - leukoplakia, hairy MeSH C07.465.565.550 - lip neoplasms MeSH C07.465.565.692 - ... hairy MeSH C07.465.910.874 - tongue neoplasms MeSH C07.550.350.650 - nasopharyngeal neoplasms MeSH C07.550.350.700 - ...
Gingival fibroma Gingival hypertrophy Hairy leukoplakia (oral hairy leukoplakia) Intraoral dental sinus Linea alba Leukoplakia ... Black hairy tongue (hairy tongue, lingua villosa nigra) Caviar tongue Cheilitis exfoliativa Cheilitis glandularis Cheilitis ... Acatalasia (acatalasemia, Takahara's disease) Acquired dyskeratotic leukoplakia Actinic cheilitis (actinic cheilosis) Acute ... Hairy palms and soles Half and half nails (Lindsay's nails) Hangnail Hapalonychia Hematidrosis Hirsutism Hook nail Hot comb ...
... leukoplakia, oral MeSH C04.588.443.591.545.500 - leukoplakia, hairy MeSH C04.588.443.591.550 - lip neoplasms MeSH C04.588. ... leukoplakia, oral MeSH C04.834.512.513.500 - leukoplakia, hairy MeSH C04.850.908.416 - gestational trophoblastic neoplasms MeSH ... hairy cell MeSH C04.557.337.415.700 - leukemia, t-cell, htlv-ii-associated MeSH C04.557.337.428 - leukemia, lymphocytic MeSH ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia, a type of oral pathology Oud-Heverlee Leuven, a Belgian football club Overhead line, such as an ...
Hairy tongue may be confused with hairy leukoplakia, however the latter usually occurs on the sides of the tongue and is ... Drug-induced black hairy tongue specifically refers to BHT that develops because of medication. Black hairy tongue can also be ... Hence the term black hairy tongue, although hairy tongue may also be discolored yellow or brown. Transient, surface ... Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a condition of the tongue in which the small bumps on the tongue elongate with black or ...
Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which ...
... leukoplakia, hairy MeSH C02.256.466.382 - herpes simplex MeSH C02.256.466.382.290 - herpes genitalis MeSH C02.256.466.382.316 ...
... which might have been hairy leukoplakia, one of the first signs of an infection) a few weeks before Queen's final American ...
... which might have been hairy leukoplakia, one of the first signs of an infection) a few weeks before Queen's final American ...
Hairy leukoplakia Hepatitis Herpangina Infectious mononucleosis Kikuchi's disease Multiple sclerosis (higher risk in patients ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis Pulmonary TB Severe recurrent presumed bacterial ...
Examples are "an excessive formation of keratin (e.g., as seen in leukoplakia)" and "an increase in the thickness of the ... "Hyperkeratosis In Dogs: Does Your Dog Have Hairy Feet?". caninejournal.com. 7 January 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2021. ( ... such as leukoplakia. Because of the differences between mucous membranes and the skin (e.g. keratinizing mucosa does not have a ...
... hairy cell leukemia - halofuginone hydrobromide - Halsted radical mastectomy - hamartoma - hand-foot syndrome - head and neck ... leukoplakia - leuprorelin - leuvectin - levamisole - levocarnitine - levofloxacin - LGD1069 - LH-RH - Lhermitte's sign - Li- ...
Leukoplakia • Licentiate in Dental Surgery • Lichen planus • Lie bumps • Ligature • Linea alba • Lingual tonsils • Lion • Lip ... Black hairy tongue • Bleeding on probing • Botryoid odontogenic cyst • Brachydont • Brachygnathism • Breath spray • Bridge • ...
Hairy cell leukemia A study concluded, "There was no association found for cigarette smoking, alcohol or coffee consumption and ... 2007). "Demonstration of ethanol-induced protein adducts in oral leukoplakia (pre-cancer) and cancer". Journal of Oral ... Oleske D, Golomb HM, Farber MD, Levy PS (May 1985). "A case-control inquiry into the etiology of hairy cell leukemia". American ... hairy cell leukemia." Alcohol has been suggested as a possible cause of multiple myeloma, although a study found no association ...
Depending upon what definition of leukoplakia is used, hairy leukoplakia is sometimes considered a subtype of leukoplakia, or a ... Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein- ... Hairy leukoplakia occurs on the tongue and has a similar name to hairy tongue, but these are separate conditions with different ... Oral hairy leukoplakia was discovered by Deborah Greenspan and John S. Greenspan, and in 1985 they identified a connection ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr ... encoded search term (Hairy Leukoplakia) and Hairy Leukoplakia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Median CD4 count when oral hairy leukoplakia is first detected is 235-468/µL. Another study showed oral hairy leukoplakia ... Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is associated with HIV infection and/or immunosuppression. [9] The risk of developing oral hairy ...
... Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Oct;142(10):572-6. doi: 10.1016/j.annder. ... Background: Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is an EBV-associated condition of the oral mucosa, which is often painless. It is ... Oral hairy leukoplakia; Oral lichen planus; Topical steroids. ... a diagnosis of oral hairy leucoplakia was made. ...
Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. ... Hairy leukoplakia is seen in severe defects of immunity, particularly in HIV infection. The cause of this condition is an ... Oral hairy leukoplakia is not associated with any malignant potential. The condition does not cause any other symptoms and does ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hairy_leukoplakia&oldid=1112429" ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr ... encoded search term (Hairy Leukoplakia) and Hairy Leukoplakia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Median CD4 count when oral hairy leukoplakia is first detected is 235-468/µL. Another study showed oral hairy leukoplakia ... Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is associated with HIV infection and/or immunosuppression. [9] The risk of developing oral hairy ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr ... encoded search term (Hairy Leukoplakia) and Hairy Leukoplakia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Resolution of the lesion with antifungal therapy suggests candidiasis over hairy leukoplakia. However, hairy leukoplakia ... Hairy Leukoplakia Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Nov 12, 2014 * Author: Denis P Lynch, DDS, PhD; Chief Editor: Dirk M Elston ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr ... encoded search term (Hairy Leukoplakia) and Hairy Leukoplakia What to Read Next on Medscape ... Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-seronegative heart transplant patient. J Oral Pathol Med. 1990 Apr. 19(4):192-4. [QxMD MEDLINE ... Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. This pathology is associated with Epstein-Barr ...
Traditionally, doctors and dentists have depended on the tongue to help them diagnose various diseases. And tongues do have a lot to say. For example, scarlet fever is accompanied by a spotted "strawberry" tongue. Burning tongue, a very painful condition, [...]. ...
... Mehdawi, Manaaer Gamal (2019-01-20) Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia. (n.d.).. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/oral-hairy-leukoplakia. ... 3. Leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a premalignant condition. According to a 2020 article, this means that a person with leukoplakia ... 2. Oral hairy leukoplakia. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, this is a condition that occurs due to the Epstein-Barr virus. ... of people with leukoplakia will develop oral cancer.. The article also indicates that any kind of tobacco use is the most ...
Key words: oral hairy leukoplakia, HIV, acyclovir. Pujiastuti, A. T., & Murtiastutik, D. (2016). Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in ... oral hairy leukoplakia HIV acyclovir Authors. * Agustina Tri Pujiastuti [email protected] ... Background: Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is an asymptomatic white plaque with vertical corrugations most commonly found on the ... to report a case of oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV patient that is often misdiagnosed as oral candidasis. Case: A 44-years ...
Hairy leukoplakia, oral *. Herpes zoster (shingles), involving at least two distinct episodes or more than one dermatome ...
Included in these disorders are eosinophilic folliculitis, oral hairy leukoplakia, bacillary angiomatosis, and Kaposi sarcoma. ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia. 166 (8). 19/58 (33). 147/1,949 (8). 5.97 (3.37-10.6). ...
Hairy leukoplakia, oral *Herpes zoster (shingles), involving at least two distinct episodes or more than one dermatome. * ...
Most cases of hairy leukoplakia are reported in HIV patients and is related to ebv infection. However, it has also been ...
Categories: Leukoplakia, Hairy Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...
Angular cheilitis - Erythroplakia - Hairy leukoplakia - Leukoplakia. Tongue. Geographic tongue - Fissured tongue - Glossitis - ...
Leukoplakia HIV or AIDS patients are especially likely to develop hairy leukoplakia. Although modern drugs have reduced its ... of HIV-positive people still develop hairy leukoplakia. It can be one of the first signs of HIV infection. ...
Hairy Leukoplakia (Loo-ko-PLAY-key-uh) caused by the Epstein-Barr virus ...
Replication of Epstein-Barr virus within the epithelial cells of oral "hairy" leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion. N Engl J ...
Oral hairy leukoplakia. Chronic diarrhoea of unknown cause. Weight loss of unknown cause ...
... oral hairy leukoplakia) associated with Epstein-Barr virus infections†; efficacy appears to be variable. ...
Hairy lesions of the oral cavity: clinical and histopathologic differentiation of hairy leukoplakia from hairy tongue. Am J ... Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017 Aug;18(4):563-9. Abstract ... Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017 Aug;18(4):563-9. Abstract ... Hairy tongue (lingua villosa). J Oral Med. 1997;32:85-91. Abstract ...
Smoker keratosis or hairy leukoplakia are two other names which are used for this medical condition. These lesions are taken as ... Leukoplakia is the name given to leathery lesions which are white in color and occur on tongue or other parts of mouth. ... Leukoplakia - Causes, Symptoms & Treatments. April 15, 2010. By Dr. Chetan Leave a Comment ...
Hairy leukoplakia. -Often on lateral tongue EBV * name the bug for an HIV+ adults if:. -non-Hodgkins lymphoma (large cell type ...
These "hairs" on the top of the tongue should not be confused with hairy leukoplakia. Hairy leukoplakia is white, hairy- ... Hairy Tongue. The tongue is brownish and has a hairy appearance because keratin has collected on the normal projections on the ... Leukoplakia Precancerous changes in the mouth (a flat white spot that develops as a result of prolonged irritation) ... and gives it a hairy appearance. Hairy tongue may develop when food debris is trapped in the papillae when people do not clean ...
... and to treat oral hairy leukoplakia (condition that causes hairy white or gray-colored patches on the tongue or inside of the ...
PL, Lack of evidence for local immune reactivity in oral hairy leukoplakia and oral wart lesions., Oral Micro. Immunol. 20:154- ... and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected individuals. This research is also focused on T cell and epithelial cell immune ...
This entry was posted in Oral Care and tagged AIDS, hairy leukoplakia, HIV, hiv disease, hiv infection, hiv oral symptoms, hiv ... This entry was posted in Oral Care and tagged AIDS, hairy leukoplakia, HIV, hiv disease, hiv infection, hiv oral symptoms, hiv ... This entry was posted in Oral Care and tagged AIDS, hairy leukoplakia, HIV, hiv disease, hiv infection, hiv oral symptoms, hiv ... The most common are candidiasis (candidosis) and hairy leukoplakia. Necrotizing gingivitis, accelerated periodontitis, Kaposi ...
  • Hairy leukoplakia is one of the most common oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, along with oral candidiasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, hyperplastic candidiasis lesions are adherent and do not wipe off, making this disease especially difficult to distinguish from hairy leukoplakia. (medscape.com)
  • Resolution of the lesion with antifungal therapy suggests candidiasis over hairy leukoplakia. (medscape.com)
  • The laboratory at the dental school studies host response and immunomodulation against oral candidiasis, oral warts, and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected individuals. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • The most common are candidiasis (candidosis) and hairy leukoplakia. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Only hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, and ulcers were observed. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The occurrence of hairy leukoplakia and candidiasis was higher in men (22% and 24%, respectively) than in women (9% and 13%, respectively) during the study period. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Some habits, such as the use of oral snuff (smokeless tobacco), can cause gum recession and leukoplakia (a precancerous white lesion) and possibly predispose to oral cancer whereas oral use of cocaine can cause gum ulceration or peeling of mouth tissues. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Leukoplakia can also be a precancerous condition. (webmd.com)
  • The participants treated in the cur- nicotina palati, submucous fibrosis, vitiligo rent study were all seen in a dental hospital (leukoderma), hairy tongue, precancerous in Lagos in the year 2004. (who.int)
  • Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hairy leukoplakia occurs on the tongue and has a similar name to hairy tongue, but these are separate conditions with different causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • White patches appear on the tongue, and some patches can look hairy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • People with leukoplakia may notice white patches on their tongue that they are unable to scrape off. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Non-homogenous leukoplakia is irregular and flat and may appear as mixed red and white patches on the tongue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Medical professionals can diagnose leukoplakia by doing a biopsy of the tongue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is an asymptomatic white plaque with vertical corrugations most commonly found on the lateral borders of the tongue. (unair.ac.id)
  • Physical examination revealed bilateral painless white well demarcated plaque with "hairy" like corrugated appearance on the lateral borders of the tongue. (unair.ac.id)
  • Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. (bmj.com)
  • Hairy tongue (lingua villosa). (bmj.com)
  • Architectural organization of filiform papillae in normal and black hairy tongue epithelium: dissection of differentiation pathways in a complex human epithelium according to their patterns of keratin expression. (bmj.com)
  • Leukoplakia is the name given to leathery lesions which are white in color and occur on tongue or other parts of mouth. (drchetan.com)
  • Acyclovir is also sometimes used to treat eczema herpeticum (a skin infection caused by the herpes virus) to treat and prevent herpes infections of the skin, eyes, nose, and mouth in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to treat oral hairy leukoplakia (condition that causes hairy white or gray-colored patches on the tongue or inside of the cheek). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In "hairy" tongue , keratin (a normal body protein that is in hair, skin, and nails) accumulates on the normal projections on the top of the tongue (papillae) and gives it a hairy appearance. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Hairy tongue may develop when food debris is trapped in the papillae when people do not clean their mouth adequately. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The tongue may also appear hairy after a fever, after antibiotic treatment, or when peroxide mouthwash is used too often. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia is almost always located on the border of the tongue and has a shaggy appearance. (logicalimages.com)
  • This painless condition occurs when the little bumps on your tongue grow long and trap bacteria that live in your mouth -- making the tongue look black and hairy. (webmd.com)
  • Leukoplakia on the tongue or in the mouth can be described as a very irritating and burning feeling. (dentistrybook.net)
  • Leukoplakia on tongue is especially common in people over forty years. (dentistrybook.net)
  • In smokers who have leukoplakia on tongue have to do with smokers keratosis. (dentistrybook.net)
  • When in doubt or uncertainty of leukoplakia on tongue, you can make an appointment with the dentist or the doctor . (dentistrybook.net)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia may not be the traditional lesion reported in only HIV-positive individuals and other immunosuppressed individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Absence of Langerhans cells in oral hairy leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion. (medscape.com)
  • Smoker keratosis or hairy leukoplakia are two other names which are used for this medical condition. (drchetan.com)
  • A cross-sectional field survey was carried sis [ 5 ], alteration of the mucous membrane out among factory workers in Lagos state, barrier, leukoplakia (smoker's keratosis), Nigeria. (who.int)
  • Leukoplakia is a premalignant condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia , a premalignant condition, consists of white-to-pink papules and plaques. (logicalimages.com)
  • Depending upon what definition of leukoplakia is used, hairy leukoplakia is sometimes considered a subtype of leukoplakia, or a distinct diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors concluded that oral hairy leukoplakia diagnosis should not be limited to HIV-positive individuals or those with immunosuppression. (medscape.com)
  • These authors concluded that oral hairy leukoplakia should not be considered pathognomonic for HIV infection and should be included in the differential diagnosis of other keratotic lesions, especially in elderly individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Based upon histological findings and in situ hybridisation showing numerous EBV-infected epithelial cells, a diagnosis of oral hairy leucoplakia was made. (nih.gov)
  • However, hairy leukoplakia lesions are commonly also infected with Candida, further confusing the clinical diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • According to the 2020 article , homogenous leukoplakia presents a series of uniformly white patches with no other symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hairy Leukoplakia: this condition is prevalent, but it usually appears without any symptoms. (hospitalninojesus.com)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is associated with HIV infection and/or immunosuppression. (medscape.com)
  • Oral lesions in HIV infection include thrush (Candida), hairy leukoplakia (EBV), and aphthous ulcers. (medquizzes.net)
  • The profound impact of that presentation was instantly recognizable - within days, we were seeing similar patients who then developed previously unheard of - and at that time, unnamed - entities such as oral hairy leukoplakia or bacillary angiomatosis. (aad.org)
  • In addition, a marked decrease or an absence of Langerhans cells occurs in hairy leukoplakia biopsy tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Verrucous leukoplakia , early verrucous carcinoma , and squamous cell carcinoma must be considered - A biopsy is essential to rule these out. (logicalimages.com)
  • Tobacco-induced leukoplakia occurs in smokers and individuals who chew tobacco. (medscape.com)
  • From history, clinical findings, and the reactive HIV antibody examination, the patient was diagnosed with AIDS with oral hairy leukoplakia. (unair.ac.id)
  • People who mainly suffer from HIV or AIDS usually experience hairy leukoplakia patches in the mouth. (dentistrybook.net)
  • If a medical professional diagnoses leukoplakia, they will remove the patches with surgery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Miziara ID, Weber R. Oral candidosis and oral hairy leukoplakia as predictors of HAART failure in Brazilian HIV-infected patients. (medscape.com)
  • Uncontrolled lytic infection is manifested as oral hairy leukoplakia in immunocompromised hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pathogenesis of hairy leukoplakia is clearly complex, potentially requiring a convergence of factors including EBV co-infection, productive EBV replication, EBV genetic evolution, expression of specific EBV "latent" genes, and immune escape. (medscape.com)
  • Hairy leukoplakia is seen in severe defects of immunity , particularly in HIV infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Most cases of hairy leukoplakia are reported in HIV patients and is related to ebv infection. (healthtap.com)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia is not associated with any malignant potential. (wikidoc.org)
  • Non-homogenous leukoplakia is more likely to turn malignant, developing into oral cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In very rare cases, such a leukoplakia spot can eventually develop into a malignant oral cancer. (dentistrybook.net)
  • The article also indicates that any kind of tobacco use is the most common factor that increases the risk of developing leukoplakia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors for leukoplakia and oral cancer . (intelligentdental.com)
  • Leukoplakia is a reaction to an irritant, like rough teeth, badly fitting dentures, smoking, and smokeless tobacco. (webmd.com)
  • If you smoke or chew chewing tobacco, it is best to stop doing this to ensure that these annoying leukoplakia spots are permanently removed. (dentistrybook.net)
  • The texture is vertically corrugated ("hairy") or thickly furrowed and shaggy in appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • These lesions are typically not shaggy like hairy leukoplakia, and they may occur anywhere in the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • To be sure whether or not such a white spot is leukoplakia, an investigation follows first. (dentistrybook.net)
  • It is white, hairy and streaky patches which can't be scraped off and you can cure it by seeing a doctor get rid of it. (hospitalninojesus.com)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is an EBV-associated condition of the oral mucosa, which is often painless. (nih.gov)
  • The hairy leukoplakiagender association merits further investigation, because it may be related to a gender difference in the mode of expression of Epstein-Barr virus. (jamanetwork.com)
  • An oral and maxillary pathology archive spanning 1994-2020 was investigated looking for cases of oral hairy leukoplakia in immunocompetent individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Fewer cases of oral hairy leukoplakia have been reported in non-HIV patients. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with HIV, the median CD4 count when oral hairy leukoplakia is first detected is 468/µL. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, some things in the mouth can trigger leukoplakia. (dentistrybook.net)
  • The spots in the mouth look very different from a normal leukoplakia spot. (dentistrybook.net)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a disease of the mucosa first described in 1984. (medscape.com)
  • HIV-negative people can have oral hairy leukoplakia, especially individuals with organ transplants and other immunocompromised disease. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of oral hairy leukoplakia in this group of patients was not clearly understood. (medscape.com)
  • A study from Saudi Arabia reported that compared with age and sex-matched healthy control subjects (N = 52), 8.6% of stable renal transplantation patients (N = 58) had oral leukoplakia. (medscape.com)
  • It may also be the case that leukoplakia returns regularly without a cause being found. (dentistrybook.net)
  • I found a video below, so you can get an idea of what leukoplakia looks like. (dentistrybook.net)
  • In this sample of HIV-infected adults, we found that men were significantly more likely to have hairy leukoplakia than were women. (jamanetwork.com)
  • If the leukoplakia does not disappear after the cause has been removed, a treatment with a laser is eventually done, which is done locally by means of an anesthetic. (dentistrybook.net)
  • After such a treatment it is very important to check that the leukoplakia does not come back. (dentistrybook.net)
  • [ 9 ] The risk of developing oral hairy leukoplakia doubles with each 300-unit decrease in CD4 count. (medscape.com)
  • According to a 2020 article, this means that a person with leukoplakia is at higher risk of developing oral cancer . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-seronegative heart transplant patient. (medscape.com)
  • to report a case of oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV patient that is often misdiagnosed as oral candidasis. (unair.ac.id)
  • This is very important so that the doctor can get a clear picture and it is certain that it is ultimately leukoplakia and not an early form of oral cancer. (dentistrybook.net)
  • Does having hairy leukoplakia means you have hiv? (healthtap.com)