Gonadal interstitial or stromal cell neoplasm composed of only LEYDIG CELLS. These tumors may produce one or more of the steroid hormones such as ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS; and CORTICOSTEROIDS. Clinical symptoms include testicular swelling, GYNECOMASTIA, sexual precocity in children, or virilization (VIRILISM) in females.
Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. They are under the regulation of PITUITARY HORMONES; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. TESTOSTERONE is the major androgen (ANDROGENS) produced.
Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some of the Sertoli cell tumors produce ESTROGEN or ANDROGENS, but seldom in sufficient quantity to cause clinical symptoms such as FEMINIZATION or masculinization (VIRILISM).
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor consists of LEYDIG CELLS; SERTOLI CELLS; and FIBROBLASTS in varying proportions and degree of differentiation. Most such tumors produce ANDROGENS in the Leydig cells, formerly known as androblastoma or arrhenoblastoma. Androblastomas occur in the TESTIS or the OVARY causing precocious masculinization in the males, and defeminization, or virilization (VIRILISM) in the females. In some cases, the Sertoli cells produce ESTROGENS.
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)
The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.
A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
A neoplasm composed entirely of GRANULOSA CELLS, occurring mostly in the OVARY. In the adult form, it may contain some THECA CELLS. This tumor often produces ESTRADIOL and INHIBIN. The excess estrogen exposure can lead to other malignancies in women and PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY in girls. In rare cases, granulosa cell tumors have been identified in the TESTES.
A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.
An enzyme that catalyzes the desaturation (aromatization) of the ring A of C19 androgens and converts them to C18 estrogens. In this process, the 19-methyl is removed. This enzyme is membrane-bound, located in the endoplasmic reticulum of estrogen-producing cells of ovaries, placenta, testes, adipose, and brain tissues. Aromatase is encoded by the CYP19 gene, and functions in complex with NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE in the cytochrome P-450 system.
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.
Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.
Unusual tumor affecting any site of the body, but most often encountered in the head and neck. Considerable debate has surrounded the histogenesis of this neoplasm; however, it is considered to be a myoblastoma of, usually, a benign nature. It affects women more often than men. When it develops beneath the epidermis or mucous membrane, it can lead to proliferation of the squamous cells and mimic squamous cell carcinoma.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)
A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.
Those protein complexes or molecular sites on the surfaces and cytoplasm of gonadal cells that bind luteinizing or chorionic gonadotropic hormones and thereby cause the gonadal cells to synthesize and secrete sex steroids. The hormone-receptor complex is internalized from the plasma membrane and initiates steroid synthesis.
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Organic salts or esters of methanesulfonic acid.
Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.

Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in mouse leydig tumor cells. Involvement of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. (1/204)

Using a mouse Leydig tumor cell line, we explored the mechanisms involved in thyroid hormone-induced steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein gene expression, and steroidogenesis. Triiodothyronine (T3) induced a approximately 3.6-fold increase in the steady-state level of StAR mRNA which paralleled with those of the acute steroid response ( approximately 4.0-fold), as monitored by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay and progesterone production, respectively. The T3-stimulated progesterone production was effectively inhibited by actinomycin-D or cycloheximide, indicating the requirement of on-going mRNA and protein synthesis. T3 displayed the highest affinity of [125I]iodo-T3 binding and was most potent in stimulating StAR mRNA expression. In accordance, T3 significantly increased testosterone production in primary cultures of adult mouse Leydig cells. The T3 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) effects on StAR expression were similar in magnitude and additive. Cells expressing steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) showed marginal elevation of StAR expression, but coordinately increased T3-induced StAR mRNA expression and progesterone levels. In contrast, overexpression of DAX-1 markedly diminished the SF-1 mRNA expression, and concomitantly abolished T3-mediated responses. Noteworthy, T3 augmented the SF-1 mRNA expression while inhibition of the latter by DAX-1 strongly impaired T3 action. Northern hybridization analysis revealed four StAR transcripts which increased 3-6-fold following T3 stimulation. These observations clearly identified a regulatory cascade of thyroid hormone-stimulated StAR expression and steroidogenesis that provides novel insight into the importance of a thyroid-gonadal connection in the hormonal control of Leydig cell steroidogenesis.  (+info)

Overexpression of aromatase leads to development of testicular leydig cell tumors : an in vivo model for hormone-mediated TesticularCancer. (2/204)

Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer, its causes remain unknown. The most common conditions known to be associated with testicular cancer are cryptorchidism, infertility, and overexposure to pesticides or radiation. Recent studies also indicate hormones may play a crucial role in testicular tumorigenesis. Our studies show that about half of the male transgenic mice overexpressing aromatase in testis were infertile and/or had larger than normal testicles. Gross pathology and histological analysis showed the mice to have Leydig cell tumors, unilaterally or bilaterally. Serum estradiol levels for transgenic mice were at least twice as high as those for nontransgenic mice. Expression of aromatase and estrogen receptor were also very high in testicular tissue of transgenic mice compared to nontransgenic mice. Consistent with increased estrogenic activity in the testicular tissue, we also saw an increase in the levels of genes involved in cell cycle that are regulated by the estrogen. To obtain a better understanding of the biological significance of testicular tumorigenesis, a reliable animal model is necessary to clarify the mechanisms and correlations associated with human cancers. Here we describe such a model, which shows that overexpression of aromatase results in increased estrogen production and a changed hormone milieu, leading to the induction of testicular cancer (Leydig cell tumors). This predictable and useful model is a potential tool for the study of testicular tumorigenesis, hormonal carcinogenesis, synergistic action of other carcinogens on hormone-induced tumors, and tumor dependency on endocrine factors.  (+info)

Calcium stimulates parathyroid hormone-related protein production in Leydig tumor cells through a putative cation-sensing mechanism. (3/204)

The production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is regulated by a variety of hormones and growth factors. Previous research has shown that several PTHrP-producing cells are influenced by extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)(o)) concentration, with elevated levels increasing PTH-like activity released by cultured H500 rat Leydig tumor cells through a post-transcriptional mechanism. We have investigated the hypothesis that calcium stimulates PTHrP production in H500 cells by interacting with a cell membrane-associated cation-sensing receptor. Besides increased Ca(2+)(o) concentration, magnesium and the polycationic antibiotic neomycin also increased PTHrP production in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, which markedly elevated cytosolic free calcium, the stimulation by Ca(2+)(o) of PTHrP could still be detected. These results indicate that increasing Ca(2+)(o) stimulates PTHrP production, possibly through a putative cell membrane-associated calcium-sensing mechanism. RT-PCR revealed the presence of a very small amount of calcium-sensing receptor coding mRNA.  (+info)

Ageing, testicular tumours and the pituitary-testis axis in dogs. (4/204)

Dogs of different ages without testicular diseases were evaluated to study possible age-related changes in hormone concentrations in serum. Dogs with testicular tumours were also investigated to study the relation between tumour type and hormone concentrations; in this study, dogs with Sertoli cell tumours, Leydig cell tumours and seminomas were included. We measured testosterone, oestradiol, LH, FSH and inhibin-like immunoreactivity concentrations in peripheral venous and testicular venous blood of these animals. In normal dogs there appeared to be no age-related changes in the concentrations of the investigated hormones, except for a significant age-related decrease in oestradiol concentrations in testicular venous blood (P<0.02). Dogs with a Sertoli cell tumour had greater oestradiol concentrations and inhibin-like immunoreactivity in both peripheral and testicular venous blood than did dogs without a neoplasm (P<0. 05). Testosterone concentrations were reduced in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours, as were FSH and LH. Feminisation occurred in eight of 13 dogs with a Sertoli cell tumour and in two of 14 dogs with a Leydig cell tumour; it was accompanied by a significantly greater oestradiol concentration than in normal dogs and in dogs with Sertoli cell tumours without signs of feminisation. Dogs with a Leydig cell tumour had greater concentrations of oestradiol and inhibin-like immunoreactivity in both peripheral venous and testicular venous blood than did dogs without a neoplasm (P<0.05). The testosterone concentration in testicular venous blood of these dogs was lower than that in dogs with normal testes. The concentration of LH in peripheral venous blood was also reduced (P<0. 05). Hormone concentrations in dogs with a seminoma were not different from those in normal dogs. It was concluded that seminomas are not endocrinologically active. In contrast, both Sertoli cell tumours and Leydig cell tumours can cause increased oestrogen production leading to signs of feminisation. These tumours also have considerable amounts of inhibin-like immunoreactivity, but only in Sertoli cell tumours does this result in a reduction in FSH concentrations, suggesting that Sertoli cell tumours secrete dimeric inhibin, whereas Leydig cell tumours presumably produce loose alpha-subunits that cross-react in the inhibin assay but are not biologically active.  (+info)

Effects of lindane on steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression. (5/204)

Lindane, the gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), is one of the oldest synthetic pesticides still in use worldwide. Numerous reports have shown that this pesticide adversely affects reproductive function in animals. Although the pathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction is not yet fully understood, recent reports indicate that lindane can directly inhibit adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. Because Leydig cells play a pivotal role in male reproductive function through the production of testosterone, the mouse MA-10 Leydig tumor cell line was used to assess the potential effects of gamma-HCH and its isomers, alpha-HCH and delta-HCH, on steroid production, steroidogenic enzyme expression and activity, and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression. StAR mediates the rate-limiting and acutely regulated step in hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis, the intramitochondrial transfer of cholesterol to the P450(scc) enzyme. Our studies demonstrate that alpha-, delta-, and gamma-HCH inhibited dibutyryl ([Bu](2)) cAMP-stimulated progesterone production in MA-10 cells in a dosage-dependent manner without affecting general protein synthesis; and protein kinase A or steroidogenic enzyme expression, activity, or both. In contrast, each of these isomers dramatically reduced (Bu)(2)cAMP-stimulated StAR protein levels. Therefore, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that alpha-, delta-, and gamma-HCH inhibited steroidogenesis by reducing StAR protein expression, an action that may contribute to the pathogenesis of lindane-induced reproductive dysfunction.  (+info)

Dimethoate inhibits steroidogenesis by disrupting transcription of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene. (6/204)

Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide that has been shown to disrupt reproductive function in animals. Although the pathogenesis of Dimethoate-induced reproductive toxicity remains to be determined, a reduction in serum testosterone levels is thought to play an important role in the development of Dimethoate-induced infertility. Since Leydig cells play a crucial role in male reproductive function by producing testosterone, the mouse MA-10 Leydig tumor cell line was used to determine if Dimethoate can directly block steroid hormone biosynthesis and to identify the site of steroidogenic inhibition. Dimethoate inhibited steroidogenesis in both a dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting total protein synthesis or protein kinase A activity. While it decreased the activity of the P450 side chain cleavage (P450 scc) enzyme, a reduction in the activity of this enzyme alone could not account for the level of Bu(2)cAMP-inhibited progesterone production. Instead, our results suggest that Dimethoate inhibited steroidogenesis primarily by blocking transcription of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) gene. This finding is significant since StAR protein mediates the rate-limiting and acutely-regulated step in steroidogenesis, the transfer of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. This study indicates that StAR may be an important target for environmental pollutants which disrupt steroidogenesis and impair reproductive function.  (+info)

Spermatogenesis and testicular tumours in ageing dogs. (7/204)

Spermatogenesis was examined in testes from 74 dogs of various breeds without clinically detected testicular disease. A modified Johnsen score system was used to determine whether spermatogenesis deteriorates with ageing. The diameter of seminiferous tubules was measured in dogs without testicular disease to examine other possible effects of ageing on tubular performance. There appeared to be no relation between age and these variables. The influence of testicular tumours on spermatogenesis was also investigated in both affected and unaffected testes. The testes of 28 dogs with clinically palpable tumours and 21 dogs with clinically non-palpable tumours were investigated. In cases of unilateral occurrence of a tumour, impairment of spermatogenesis was observed only in the affected testis of dogs with clinically detected tumours. Bilateral occurrence of tumours, whether detected clinically or non-clinically, was associated with severe impairment of spermatogenesis. The prevalence of tumours increased during ageing. Eighty-six per cent of the clinically detected and 57% of the non-clinically detected tumours were found in old dogs. Multiple types of tumour and bilateral occurrence were very common. Seminomas and Leydig cell tumours were more frequent than Sertoli cell tumours. It was concluded that spermatogenesis per se did not decrease during ageing in dogs but the occurrence of testicular tumours increased with ageing and affected spermatogenesis significantly, as reflected by a lower Johnsen score.  (+info)

Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone and estrogen-induced weight loss. (8/204)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is an orexigenic neuropeptide produced by neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Because genetic MCH deficiency induces hypophagia and loss of body fat, we hypothesized that MCH neurons may represent a specific LHA pathway that, when inhibited, contributes to the pathogenesis of certain anorexia syndromes. To test this hypothesis, we measured behavioral, hormonal, and hypothalamic neuropeptide responses in two models of hyperestrogenemia in male rats, a highly reproducible anorexia paradigm. Whereas estrogen-induced weight loss engaged multiple systems that normally favor recovery of lost weight, the expected increase of MCH mRNA expression induced by energy restriction was selectively and completely abolished. These findings identify MCH neurons as specific targets of estrogen action and suggest that inhibition of these neurons may contribute to the hypophagic effect of estrogen.  (+info)

A Leydig cell tumor is a rare type of sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the Leydig cells (interstitial cells) of the testis in males or ovarian tissue in females. These cells are responsible for producing androgens, particularly testosterone.

Leydig cell tumors can occur at any age but are most common in middle-aged to older men. In women, they are extremely rare and usually found in postmenopausal women. Most Leydig cell tumors are benign (noncancerous), but about 10% can be malignant (cancerous) and have the potential to spread to other parts of the body.

Symptoms of a Leydig cell tumor may include:

* A painless testicular or ovarian mass
* Gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue in men) due to increased estrogen production
* Early puberty in children
* Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction in men
* Irregular menstrual cycles in women

Diagnosis is usually made through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of a Leydig cell tumor. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and additional therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended for malignant tumors. Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor for recurrence.

Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig or interstitial cell-stroma, are cells in the testes that produce and release testosterone and other androgens into the bloodstream. They are located in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, near the blood vessels, and are named after Franz Leydig, the German physiologist who discovered them in 1850.

Leydig cells contain cholesterol esters, which serve as precursors for the synthesis of testosterone. They respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) released by the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the production and release of testosterone. Testosterone is essential for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It also plays a role in sperm production and bone density.

In addition to their endocrine function, Leydig cells have been shown to have non-hormonal functions, including phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and immune regulation. However, these functions are not as well understood as their hormonal roles.

A Sertoli cell tumor is a rare type of sex-cord stromal tumor that develops in the testicles or, more rarely, in the ovaries. These tumors arise from the Sertoli cells, which are specialized cells within the testicle that help to nurture and protect the developing sperm cells. In the ovary, Sertoli cell tumors are thought to arise from similar cells that are part of the supporting tissue in the ovary.

Sertoli cell tumors can occur in people of any age but are most commonly found in middle-aged adults. They are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. However, larger tumors or those that have spread (metastasized) may cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

Symptoms of a Sertoli cell tumor can include:

* A painless lump or swelling in the testicle or ovary
* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
* Changes in bowel habits or urinary frequency
* Pain during sexual intercourse (in women)
* Hormonal imbalances, such as gynecomastia (breast development) in men or menstrual irregularities in women.

Diagnosis of a Sertoli cell tumor typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and blood tests to check for elevated levels of certain hormones that may be produced by the tumor. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's grade and stage.

Treatment for Sertoli cell tumors typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with any affected lymph nodes or other tissues. Additional treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may be recommended in cases where the tumor has spread or is at a higher risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up care is also important to monitor for any signs of recurrence or new tumors.

Testicular neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors in the testicle that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are a type of genitourinary cancer, which affects the reproductive and urinary systems. Testicular neoplasms can occur in men of any age but are most commonly found in young adults between the ages of 15 and 40.

Testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main categories: germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors, which arise from the cells that give rise to sperm, are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and have a good prognosis, while non-seminomas tend to grow more quickly and can spread to other parts of the body.

Non-germ cell tumors are less common than germ cell tumors and include Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, and lymphomas. These tumors can have a variety of clinical behaviors, ranging from benign to malignant.

Testicular neoplasms often present as a painless mass or swelling in the testicle. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum, a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin, and breast enlargement (gynecomastia).

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to detect tumor markers. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular self-examinations of the testicles are recommended for early detection and improved outcomes.

A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare type of sex cord-stromal tumor that develops in the ovaries. These tumors arise from the cells that produce hormones and help to form and maintain the ovarian tissue. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors can occur in people of any age but are most commonly found in women between the ages of 20 and 40.

These tumors can be functional, meaning they produce hormones, or nonfunctional. Functional Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors may cause symptoms related to the production of male hormones (androgens), such as excess facial hair, a deepened voice, and irregular menstrual periods. Nonfunctional tumors typically do not cause any specific symptoms and are often found during routine pelvic examinations or imaging studies performed for other reasons.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are usually slow-growing and can vary in size. Most of these tumors are benign (not cancerous), but some can be malignant (cancerous) and may spread to other parts of the body. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and additional therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended depending on the stage and grade of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for any recurrence of the tumor.

Seminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that develops in the testicle. It is a malignant tumor, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and tend to remain localized to the testicle for a longer period compared to other types of testicular cancer. They usually occur in men between the ages of 25 and 45 but can develop at any age.

Seminomas can be classified into two main subtypes: classical seminoma and spermatocytic seminoma. Classical seminoma is more common and typically responds well to treatment, while spermatocytic seminoma is rarer and tends to have a better prognosis with a lower risk of spreading.

Seminomas are usually treated with surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for seminoma is generally good, especially when caught and treated early. Regular self-examinations of the testicles can help detect any lumps or abnormalities that may indicate the presence of a seminoma or other type of testicular cancer.

The testis, also known as the testicle, is a male reproductive organ that is part of the endocrine system. It is located in the scrotum, outside of the abdominal cavity. The main function of the testis is to produce sperm and testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.

The testis is composed of many tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules, where sperm are produced. These tubules are surrounded by a network of blood vessels, nerves, and supportive tissues. The sperm then travel through a series of ducts to the epididymis, where they mature and become capable of fertilization.

Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It also supports sperm production and sexual function.

Abnormalities in testicular function can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and other health problems. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups are recommended for early detection and treatment of any potential issues.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic form of the hormone estrogen that was prescribed to pregnant women from the 1940s until the early 1970s to prevent miscarriage, premature labor, and other complications of pregnancy. However, it was later discovered that DES could cause serious health problems in both the mothers who took it and their offspring.

DES is a non-selective estrogen agonist, meaning that it binds to and activates both estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in the body. It has a higher binding affinity for ERα than for ERβ, which can lead to disruptions in normal hormonal signaling pathways.

In addition to its use as a pregnancy aid, DES has also been used in the treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and other conditions associated with hormonal imbalances. However, due to its potential health risks, including an increased risk of certain cancers, DES is no longer widely used in clinical practice.

Some of the known health effects of DES exposure include:

* In women who were exposed to DES in utero (i.e., their mothers took DES during pregnancy):
+ A rare form of vaginal or cervical cancer called clear cell adenocarcinoma
+ Abnormalities of the reproductive system, such as structural changes in the cervix and vagina, and an increased risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and preterm delivery
+ An increased risk of breast cancer later in life
* In men who were exposed to DES in utero:
+ Undescended testicles
+ Abnormalities of the penis and scrotum
+ A higher risk of testicular cancer
* In both men and women who were exposed to DES in utero or who took DES themselves:
+ An increased risk of certain types of breast cancer
+ A possible increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure and stroke.

It is important for individuals who have been exposed to DES to inform their healthcare providers of this fact, as it may have implications for their medical care and monitoring.

Testosterone is a steroid hormone that belongs to androsten class of hormones. It is primarily secreted by the Leydig cells in the testes of males and, to a lesser extent, by the ovaries and adrenal glands in females. Testosterone is the main male sex hormone and anabolic steroid. It plays a key role in the development of masculine characteristics, such as body hair and muscle mass, and contributes to bone density, fat distribution, red cell production, and sex drive. In females, testosterone contributes to sexual desire and bone health. Testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol and its production is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

A Granulosa Cell Tumor is a type of sex cord-stromal tumor, which are uncommon neoplasms that arise from the supporting cells of the ovary or testis. These tumors account for approximately 5% of all ovarian tumors and can occur at any age, but they are most commonly found in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Granulosa cell tumors originate from the granulosa cells, which are normally responsible for producing estrogen and supporting the development of the egg within the ovarian follicle. These tumors can be functional, meaning they produce hormones, or nonfunctional. Functional granulosa cell tumors often secrete estrogen, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, postmenopausal bleeding, and, in rare cases, the development of male characteristics (virilization) due to androgen production.

Granulosa cell tumors are typically slow-growing and can vary in size. They are often diagnosed at an early stage because they cause symptoms related to hormonal imbalances or, less commonly, due to abdominal pain or distention caused by the growing mass. The diagnosis is usually confirmed through imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI) and a biopsy or surgical removal of the tumor, followed by histopathological examination.

Treatment for granulosa cell tumors typically involves surgery to remove the tumor and, in some cases, adjacent organs if there is evidence of spread. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is less clear, but they may be used in certain situations, such as advanced-stage disease or high-risk features. Regular follow-up with imaging studies and tumor marker measurements (such as inhibin) is essential due to the risk of recurrence, even many years after initial treatment.

A Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) of bone is a relatively uncommon, locally aggressive tumor that can sometimes become malignant. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells which are distributed throughout the tumor tissue. These giant cells are thought to be derived from osteoclasts, which are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption.

GCTs typically affect adults in their 20s and 30s, with a slight female predominance. The most common sites of involvement include the long bones near the knee (distal femur and proximal tibia), as well as the distal radius, sacrum, and spine.

The tumor usually presents as pain and swelling in the affected area, sometimes accompanied by restricted mobility or pathological fractures due to bone weakening. The diagnosis is typically made based on imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI) and confirmed through a biopsy.

Treatment options for GCTs of bone may include intralesional curettage with or without the use of adjuvant therapies (like phenol, liquid nitrogen, or cement), radiation therapy, or surgical resection. In some cases, systemic treatments like denosumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL, may be used to control the growth and spread of the tumor. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for potential recurrence, which can occur in up to 50% of cases within five years after treatment.

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are a type of benign or rarely malignant bone tumor that is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. These tumors typically affect adults between the ages of 20 and 40, and they can occur in any bone, but they most commonly involve the long bones near the knee joint.

GCTs are composed of three types of cells: mononuclear stromal cells, which produce the matrix of the tumor; multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, which resemble the bone-resorbing cells found in normal bone; and macrophages, which are part of the body's immune system.

The mononuclear stromal cells produce a variety of growth factors that stimulate the formation and activity of the osteoclast-like giant cells, leading to localized bone destruction. The tumor may cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected area.

While GCTs are typically benign, they can be aggressive and locally destructive, with a tendency to recur after surgical removal. In some cases, GCTs may undergo malignant transformation, leading to the development of sarcomas. Treatment options for GCTs include curettage (scraping out) of the tumor, followed by bone grafting or the use of a cement spacer to fill the defect, and/or adjuvant therapy with radiation or chemotherapy.

Aromatase is a enzyme that belongs to the cytochrome P450 superfamily, and it is responsible for converting androgens into estrogens through a process called aromatization. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, particularly in females where it is primarily expressed in adipose tissue, ovaries, brain, and breast tissue.

Aromatase inhibitors are used as a treatment for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, as they work by blocking the activity of aromatase and reducing the levels of circulating estrogens in the body.

Neoplasms, germ cell and embryonal are types of tumors that originate from the abnormal growth of cells. Here's a brief medical definition for each:

1. Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths or masses, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled cell division and may invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.
2. Germ Cell Tumors: These are rare tumors that develop from the germ cells, which give rise to sperm and eggs in the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes). They can be benign or malignant and may occur in both children and adults. Germ cell tumors can also arise outside of the reproductive organs, a condition known as extragonadal germ cell tumors.
3. Embryonal Tumors: These are a type of malignant neoplasm that primarily affects infants and young children. They develop from embryonic cells, which are immature cells present during fetal development. Embryonal tumors can occur in various organs, including the brain (medulloblastomas), nervous system (primitive neuroectodermal tumors or PNETs), and other areas like the kidneys and liver.

It is essential to note that these conditions require professional medical evaluation and treatment by healthcare professionals with expertise in oncology and related fields.

Experimental neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that are induced and studied in a controlled laboratory setting, typically in animals or cell cultures. These studies are conducted to understand the fundamental mechanisms of cancer development, progression, and potential treatment strategies. By manipulating various factors such as genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and pharmacological interventions, researchers can gain valuable insights into the complex processes underlying neoplasm formation and identify novel targets for cancer therapy. It is important to note that experimental neoplasms may not always accurately represent human cancers, and further research is needed to translate these findings into clinically relevant applications.

A Granular Cell Tumor (GCT) is a rare, usually benign neoplasm that can occur in various parts of the body. These tumors are typically composed of large polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which contain numerous mitochondria. They often involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but they can also arise in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and other visceral organs.

Granular Cell Tumors are thought to originate from Schwann cells, which are nerve sheath cells, although their exact origin is still a matter of debate. They usually present as solitary, slow-growing nodules or masses that are often painless, but they can become symptomatic if they involve sensitive areas or if they undergo malignant transformation, which occurs in about 1-2% of cases.

The diagnosis of Granular Cell Tumors is usually made based on histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen. Immunohistochemical staining can be used to confirm the Schwann cell origin of these tumors, as they typically express S-100 protein and other markers of neural differentiation.

Treatment options for Granular Cell Tumors depend on their location, size, and behavior. Solitary, benign tumors can often be excised surgically with a wide margin to reduce the risk of recurrence. However, malignant tumors or those that cannot be completely removed may require more aggressive treatment, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up is recommended to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

A germinoma is a type of tumor that develops in the brain or the spine, primarily in the pituitary gland or pineal gland. It is a rare form of primary central nervous system (CNS) cancer and is classified as a type of germ cell tumor. These tumors arise from cells that normally develop into sperm or eggs, which can migrate to unusual locations during embryonic development.

Germinomas are highly sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, making them generally treatable and curable with appropriate medical intervention. Symptoms of a germinoma may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, hormonal imbalances, and neurological deficits, depending on the location and size of the tumor. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant cells.

Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced during pregnancy. It is produced by the placenta after implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus. The main function of hCG is to prevent the disintegration of the corpus luteum, which is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation and produces progesterone during early pregnancy. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the lining of the uterus and supporting the pregnancy.

hCG can be detected in the blood or urine as early as 10 days after conception, and its levels continue to rise throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. In addition to its role in maintaining pregnancy, hCG is also used as a clinical marker for pregnancy and to monitor certain medical conditions such as gestational trophoblastic diseases.

3-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3-HSDs) are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in steroid hormone biosynthesis. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of 3-beta-hydroxy steroids to 3-keto steroids, which is an essential step in the production of various steroid hormones, including progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones such as testosterone and estradiol.

There are several isoforms of 3-HSDs that are expressed in different tissues and have distinct substrate specificities. For instance, 3-HSD type I is primarily found in the ovary and adrenal gland, where it catalyzes the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone to 17-hydroxycortisol. On the other hand, 3-HSD type II is mainly expressed in the testes, adrenal gland, and placenta, where it catalyzes the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to androstenedione and androstenedione to testosterone.

Defects in 3-HSDs can lead to various genetic disorders that affect steroid hormone production and metabolism, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations such as adrenal insufficiency, ambiguous genitalia, and sexual development disorders.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) receptors are specialized protein structures found on the surface of certain cells in the body. They play a crucial role in the endocrine system by binding to specific hormones, such as Luteinizing Hormone, and triggering a series of intracellular events that ultimately lead to changes in cell function.

In particular, LH receptors are found on the cells of the ovaries and testes. In females, when LH binds to its receptor in the ovary, it stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. In males, LH (also known as Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone in this context) binding to its receptor on testicular Leydig cells triggers the production of testosterone.

Therefore, LH receptors are essential for reproductive processes and the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein hormone, which is primarily produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, a surge of LH triggers ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovaries during the menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, LH stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. In men, LH stimulates the testes to produce testosterone. It plays a crucial role in sexual development, reproduction, and maintaining the reproductive system.

A mesylate is a salt formed when mesylic acid (methanesulfonic acid) reacts with a base. In the context of pharmaceuticals, many drugs are available in mesylate form as it can be more soluble and bioavailable than other forms. Mesylates are commonly used to improve the absorption and effectiveness of medications.

For example, a drug called atenolol (a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure) is often formulated as atenolol mesylate because the mesylate form is more soluble in water than the free base form, making it easier for the body to absorb and utilize the medication.

It's important to note that mesylates are not a specific medical condition or disease, but rather a type of pharmaceutical preparation.

Sertoli cells, also known as sustentacular cells or nurse cells, are specialized cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis in mammals. They play a crucial role in supporting and nurturing the development of sperm cells (spermatogenesis). Sertoli cells create a microenvironment within the seminiferous tubules that facilitates the differentiation, maturation, and survival of germ cells.

These cells have several essential functions:

1. Blood-testis barrier formation: Sertoli cells form tight junctions with each other, creating a physical barrier called the blood-testis barrier, which separates the seminiferous tubules into basal and adluminal compartments. This barrier protects the developing sperm cells from the immune system and provides an isolated environment for their maturation.
2. Nutrition and support: Sertoli cells provide essential nutrients and growth factors to germ cells, ensuring their proper development and survival. They also engulf and digest residual bodies, which are byproducts of spermatid differentiation.
3. Phagocytosis: Sertoli cells have phagocytic properties, allowing them to remove debris and dead cells within the seminiferous tubules.
4. Hormone metabolism: Sertoli cells express receptors for various hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and estradiol. They play a role in regulating hormonal signaling within the testis by metabolizing these hormones or producing inhibins, which modulate FSH secretion from the pituitary gland.
5. Regulation of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells produce and secrete various proteins and growth factors that influence germ cell development and proliferation. They also control the release of mature sperm cells into the epididymis through a process called spermiation.

A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour is a combination of a Leydig cell tumour and a Sertoli cell tumour from Sertoli cells. The ... Leydig cell tumour, also Leydig cell tumor (US spelling), (testicular) interstitial cell tumour and (testicular) interstitial ... High magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain. Typical gross pathology of a Leydig cell tumor (in this case ... Presence of an ovarian tumour plus hormonal disturbances suggests a Leydig cell tumour, granulosa cell tumour or thecoma. ...
... is a group of tumors composed of variable proportions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and in the ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (a sex-cord stromal tumor), is a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor and is a member of the sex ... High magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain. High magnification micrograph of a Sertoli cell tumour. H&E ... Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli cell tumour WHO, 2003[verification needed] Sachdeva, Poonam; Arora, ...
... arrows indicate location of Leydig cells Sertoli cell Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour List of human cell types derived from the germ ... increases the response of Leydig cells to LH by increasing the number of LH receptors expressed on Leydig cells. Leydig cells ... While any age is susceptible to a Leydig cell tumour, Leydig cell tumours are more common in people aged 5 to 10 and 30 to 35. ... Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the ...
Moudgal, N. R.; Moyle, W. R.; Greep, R. O. (1971). "Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells". The Journal ... Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1971. He ... Moyle and established the presence of Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptors on tumor cells in the testicles for the ... used these tumor cells for further investigations on Hormone-Receptor interactions, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP ...
Non-Palpable Leydig Cell Tumors Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration. Journal of Urology, 158: 543-544, 1997, Black LD, Nudell ... Isolation and characterization of human spermatogonial stem cell-derived pluripotent cells. Stem Cells. 27(1):138-149, 2009. ... Racial disparities among boys with testicular germ cell tumors in the United States. J Urol. 2008, 179(5):1961-5. Epub 2008 Mar ... To solve the problem of limited embryonic stem cell availability, Turek and his colleagues invented a process by which the ...
... induces an increase in leydig cell tumors in rats. The 3,5-DCA metabolite is thought to possess a mode of tumor ... After three generations, male offspring continued to show low sperm count, prostate disease and high rates of testicular cell ... F1-F4 generation males all showed an increase in the prevalence of tumors, prostate disease, kidney disease, test abnormalities ... F1-F4 females also showed an increased incidence of tumors and kidney disease. Furthermore, transgenerationally transmitted ...
"Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty in an 8-Year-Old Boy with Leydig Cell Testicular Tumor". Hormone Research in ... Causes can include: Endogenous sources Gonadal tumors (such as arrhenoblastoma) Adrenal tumors Germ cell tumor Congenital ... The tumor is called a chorionic gonadotropin secreting pineal tumor. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy reduced tumor and beta-hCG ... Langerhans cell histiocytosis McCune-Albright syndrome Central precocious puberty can also be caused by brain tumors, infection ...
"In vitro reconstitution of a functional peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor from mouse Leydig tumor cells". Mol. Pharmacol ... Depending upon the tissue, it was shown to be involved in steroidogenesis, haem biosynthesis, apoptosis, cell growth and ... Indeed, cholesterol uptake and transport by bacterial cells was induced upon PBR expression. Mutagenesis studies identified a ...
MA-10 cells are a model cell line derived from the mouse Leydig cell tumor used in biomedical research. The cell line is a ... MA-10 cells are the most widely used of Leydig cell lines, and contributed much to our knowledge in Leydig cell steroid ... ASCOLI, MARIO (1 Jan 1981). "Characterization of several clonal lines of cultured Leydig tumor cells: gonadotropin receptors ... Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V (2018). "Leydig cells: formation, function, and regulation". Biology of Reproduction. 99 (1): 101-11 ...
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour is part of the sex cord-stromal tumour group of ovarian neoplasms. These tumors produce both Sertoli ... Sertoli cells are also able to inhibit the migration of immune cells by lowering immune cell infiltration to the site of ... Sertoli cell-only syndrome Sertoli cell nodule List of distinct cell types in the adult human body synd/518 at Who Named It? ... cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells are able to induce apoptosis in target cell. SCs produce PI-9 that irreversibly bonds Granzyme B ...
December 2007). "Testicular adrenal rest tumors and Leydig and Sertoli cell function in boys with classical congenital adrenal ... when the embryo has developed from one cell to about 4 to 6 cells, one of those cells is removed from the embryo without ... Meanwhile, the removed cell is analyzed to determine if the embryo has CAH. If the embryo is determined to have CAH, the ... Tuladhar S, Katwal S, Joshi HO, Yadav B, Bhusal A, Bhandari S (December 2023). "Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) secondary ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (MAIS) is a condition that results in a mild impairment of the cell's ability to respond ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... germ cell malignancy) in adulthood if gonadectomy is not performed. The risk of malignant germ cell tumors in women with CAIS ... The risk of malignant germ cell tumors in women with CAIS increases with age and has been estimated to be 3.6% at 25 years and ... However, only three cases of malignant germ cell tumors in prepubescent girls with CAIS have been reported in the last 100 ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... PAIS is associated with a 50% risk of germ cell malignancy when the testes are undescended. If the testes are located ... Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is a condition that results in the partial inability of the cell to respond to ... If the testes are located intrascrotally, there may still be significant risk of germ cell malignancy; studies have not yet ...
"Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... "Incidental detection of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor by FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Ann ... Such de novo mutations are the result of a germ cell mutation or germ cell mosaicism in the gonads of one of the parents, or a ... Leydig cell agenesis or hypoplasia, not otherwise specified (46,XY karyotype) Absent (vanishing) testes syndrome Ovotesticular ...
... and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Characterization ... The Journal of Cell Biology. 122 (1): 265-78. doi:10.1083/jcb.122.1.265. PMC 2119596. PMID 7686164. Burch, Grant H; Gong, Yan; ...
... and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Characterization ... a mitochondrial protein that is synthesized in steroid-producing cells. StAR initiates steroid production by mediating the ...
... steroidogenesis through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein regulated by transcription factors in mouse Leydig tumor cells ...
... and expression of a novel luteinizing hormone-induced mitochondrial protein in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Characterization ... It is primarily present in steroid-producing cells, including theca cells and luteal cells in the ovary, Leydig cells in the ... The testes are undescended and the resident steroidogenic Leydig cells are modestly affected. Early in life, the ovary is ... Hutson JC (January 2006). "Physiologic interactions between macrophages and Leydig cells". Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 231 (1): ...
... steroidogenesis through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein regulated by transcription factors in mouse Leydig tumor cells ...
Rare AFP-secreting tumor types include carcinoma in a mixed Müllerian tumor. The Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, which itself is ... Rarely, high MSAFP is due to endodermal sinus tumor (EST) or another germ cell tumor containing EST. These tumors can occur in ... and other germ cell tumors) may in fact be mixed tumors containing elements of endodermal sinus tumor. AFP is normally elevated ... Watanabe T, Yamada H, Morimura Y, Abe M, Motoyama T, Sato A (June 2008). "Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous ...
"Ovarian stromal tumors containing lutein or Leydig cells (luteinized thecomas and stromal Leydig cell tumors)--a ... structures in some stromal Leydig cell tumors and their well-known absence in the majority of testicular Leydig cell tumors, it ... Others were classified as stromal Leydig cell tumors as seen in tumors of the testes because Reinke crystalloids were ... Luteinized thecomas and stromal Leydig cell tumors are indistinguishable except for the presence of crystalloids of Reinke in ...
... of a Leydig cell tumour Micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli-Leydig cell ... A tumor that produces both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is known as a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. In males, Sertoli cell ... A Sertoli cell tumour, also Sertoli cell tumor (US spelling), is a sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour of Sertoli cells. They can ... a Sertoli cell tumour appears as a hypoechoic intratesticular lesion which is usually solitary. However, the large cell subtype ...
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour. This tumour produces both Sertoli and Leydig cells. Although both cell types normally occur in the ... Leydig cell tumour. This tumour produces Leydig cells, which normally are found in the testicle and tend to secrete androgens. ... Low magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain. Intermediate magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour ... High magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain. Low magnification micrograph of a Sertoli cell tumour. H&E ...
... mitochondrial peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor sustain constitutive steroidogenesis in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line". ... Deletion of TSPO in steroidogenic Leydig cells did not impair synthesis of the steroid testosterone. Thus, though biochemical ... These immune cells can cause myocarditis which can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Ligands of TSPO have ... TSPO is present in mast cells and macrophages, indicating its role in the immune system. Oxidative stress is a strong ...
... a cancelled spaceflight of Project Mercury MA-10 cell, a Leydig cell tumour cell line This disambiguation page lists articles ...
"Primary amenorrhea in a young Polish woman with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: ... Headache, vomiting, and vision changes can be signs of a tumor and needs evaluation with MRI. Finally, a history of gynecologic ... Elevated androgens can also be present in ovarian or adrenal tumors, so additional imaging may also be needed. History of ... failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells, or delay in pubertal development. Secondary amenorrhoea, ceasing of ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C13.371.820.800.418.685.765 - thecoma MeSH C13.371.820.800.418.875 - uterine neoplasms MeSH ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C13.371.056.630.705.765 - thecoma MeSH C13.371.056.750 - pelvic inflammatory disease MeSH ... brenner tumor MeSH C13.371.056.630.705.331 - carcinoma, endometrioid MeSH C13.371.056.630.705.398 - granulosa cell tumor MeSH ... renal cell MeSH C13.371.820.800.820.535.585 - wilms tumor MeSH C13.371.820.800.820.535.585.220 - denys-drash syndrome MeSH ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.344.410.765 - thecoma MeSH C19.344.421.249 - adenoma, islet cell MeSH C19.344.421.249.500 - ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.344.894.800 - thyroid nodule MeSH C19.391.482.293 - eunuchism MeSH C19.391.482.600 - ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.391.630.705.765 - thecoma MeSH C19.391.775.129 - adrenogenital syndrome MeSH C19.391.775.260 ... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C19.642.355.239 - hyperparathyroidism, primary MeSH C19.642.355.480 - hyperparathyroidism, ...
... sertoli-leydig cell tumor MeSH C12.294.365.700 - infertility, male MeSH C12.294.365.700.508 - oligospermia MeSH C12.294.494.136 ... renal cell MeSH C12.740.800.820.750.585 - wilms tumor MeSH C12.740.800.820.750.585.220 - denys-drash syndrome MeSH C12.740. ... renal cell MeSH C12.777.419.473.585 - wilms tumor MeSH C12.777.419.473.585.220 - denys-drash syndrome MeSH C12.777.419.473. ...
A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour is a combination of a Leydig cell tumour and a Sertoli cell tumour from Sertoli cells. The ... Leydig cell tumour, also Leydig cell tumor (US spelling), (testicular) interstitial cell tumour and (testicular) interstitial ... High magnification micrograph of a Leydig cell tumour. H&E stain. Typical gross pathology of a Leydig cell tumor (in this case ... Presence of an ovarian tumour plus hormonal disturbances suggests a Leydig cell tumour, granulosa cell tumour or thecoma. ...
It develops from Leydig cells. These are the cells in the testicles that release the male hormone, testosterone. ... It develops from Leydig cells. These are the cells in the testicles that release the male hormone, testosterone. ... A Leydig cell tumor is a tumor of the testicle. ... A Leydig cell tumor is a tumor of the testicle. ... A Leydig cell tumor is a tumor of the testicle. It develops from Leydig cells. These are the cells in the testicles that ...
... are rare testicular tumors of the male gonadal interstitium that may be hormonally active and lead to feminizing or virilizing ... The etiology of Leydig cell tumors remains unknown. Unlike germ cell testicular tumors, Leydig cell neoplasms are not ... These tumors can be pure or can be mixed with other sex cord-stromal or germ cell tumors. Leydig cell tumors usually have a ... Approximately 2.5% of Leydig cell tumors are metastatic. [1] However, Leydig cell tumors are always benign in children, as ...
This very rare ovarian tumor is typically benign (noncancerous), but can result in serious health complications. ... Giant Cell Bone Tumors. Glomus Tumor. Granulosa Cell Tumor. Kaposi sarcoma. Kidney Tumors. Liver Tumors. Lung Tumors. Malignant ... Typesof Tumors. Benign Tumors. Bladder Tumors. Bone Tumors. Brain Stem Glioma. Brain Tumor. Breast Tumors. Brenner Tumors. ... Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. Ependymoma. Ewings Sarcoma. Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor. Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor. ...
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) and Karyotype 47, XXY, with Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor: Description of a Rare ... Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome; Klinefelter syndrome; Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor; Hormone Replacement therapy; Endocrinology ... presenting a Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor discovered during the gonadectomy. Materials and Methods: Patient(s): Patient with 36 ... with Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor: Description of a Rare Case. Ann Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 2(1): 1011. ...
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Leydig cell tumor. After surgery, androgen levels returned ... Transvaginal ultrasound showed no evidence of ovarian tumor, but pelvic and abdominal computerized axial tomography imaging ... Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian steroid cell neoplasms. More than 75% of patients show signs of virilization due to ... A Leydig stromal cell tumour is a rare ovarian tumour that belongs to the group of sex-cord stromal tumours and accounts for , ...
... are rare testicular tumors of the male gonadal interstitium that may be hormonally active and lead to feminizing or virilizing ... encoded search term (Leydig Cell Tumors) and Leydig Cell Tumors What to Read Next on Medscape ... Leydig Cell Tumors Clinical Presentation. Updated: Apr 17, 2015 * Author: Edmund S Sabanegh, Jr, MD; Chief Editor: Edward David ... Metastatic Leydig cell tumor of the testis. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Cancer. 1986 Nov 1. 58(9):2116- ...
We report the clinical and hormonal findings in two boys with isosexual precocity secondary to Leydig cell tumor of the testis ... The Diagnosis of Leydig Cell Tumors in Childhood. Maria D. Urban, MD; Peter A. Lee, PhD, MD; Leslie P. Plotnick, MD; et al ... The Diagnosis of Leydig Cell Tumors in Childhood. Am J Dis Child. 1978;132(5):494-497. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120300054011 ... We report the clinical and hormonal findings in two boys with isosexual precocity secondary to Leydig cell tumor of the testis ...
Return to Article Details Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with Contralateral Cryptorchidism: A Rare Association Download ...
phosphodiesterases; Leydig cell; Leydig cell tumor; PDE8A; PDE8B; acrosome biogenesis; human testis ... we found that the expression of PDE8B but not of PDE8A is increased in transformed Leydig cells (Leydig cell tumors-LCTs) ... we found that the expression of PDE8B but not of PDE8A is increased in transformed Leydig cells (Leydig cell tumors-LCTs) ... cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 8A and 8B isoforms are differentially expressed in human testis and Leydig cell tumor. Campolo ...
Objective: To synthesize the evidence on Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (SLCT) relapses, and identify the clinicopathological ... Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours: A systematic review of relapsed cases Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021 Aug:263:261- ...
sertoli-leydig cell tumor, ovarian hilus cell hyperplasia, postmenopausal virilization, sex-cord-stromal tumors Abstract. ... Ovarian Hilus Cell Hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with Postmenopausal Virilization: a Rare Case Report ... Ertan B, Ozgozen E, Ilgen O, Bulbul G, Saatli B, Ulukus C. Ovarian Hilus Cell Hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a ... The final pathology showed a poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumor at the right ovary and hilus cell hyperplasia at ...
Lashkari HP, Nash R, Albanese A, Okoye B, Millar R, Pritchard-Jones K. Treatment of high risk Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting evidence of ... abstract = "Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting ... N2 - Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms. We report two unusual cases with bilateral SLCTs suggesting ...
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor:complications, Testosterone:metabolism, Virilism:etiology,. : Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare and ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary--morphological and immunohistochemical analysis.. Durdík Š, Danihel L, Galbavý Š. ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary--morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2012 Jan; 33(3 ... This work summarizes the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor in a 56-year old woman with ...
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. *Small cell carcinoma of ovary. *Pancreatic islet cell tumor ... Tumor type is suggestive of a specific cancer predisposition syndrome (e.g., adrenocortical carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma or ... This gene, often called a tumor suppressor gene, cannot protect cells from becoming cancerous when it isnt working properly. ... A tumor suppressor gene, when working properly, encodes proteins that prevent the growth and development of tumors in the human ...
Leydig cell tumor. Ovarian neoplasms. Ovary. Postmenopause. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. Sex cord-gonadal stromal tumors. Stromal ... Tumor de células de Leydig. Tumor de células de Sertoli-Leydig. Tumores do estroma gonadal e dos cordões sexuais. Virilismo. ... Virilizing ovarian tumors (VOT) and ovarian stromal hyperthecosis (OH) are the most common hyperandrogenism etiologies in the ... hormonal profile and radiological studies in the differential diagnosis of the virilizing ovary tumor and ovarian stromal ...
Introduction: Leydig cell tumor is rare, accounting for 1% of testicular tumors. Klinefelter syndrome is most often associated ... Its association with testicular tumors remains less frequent. Herein, we report the case of a Leydig cell tumor of the testis ... A case of Leydig cell tumor in an adult patient with Klinefelter syndrome. Salhi Salma , Oueslati Ibtissem , Yazidi Meriem , ... Ovarian steroid cell tumor a rare cause of androgen excess in a young woman. Christina Codreanu Patricia , Sinziana Chiper ...
2013). Selective GPER activation decreases proliferation and activates apoptosis in tumor Leydig cells. Cell Death Dis. 4:e747 ... This is because cell growth arises from either increased cell proliferation or decreased cell death (Alberto et al., 2009) and ... 2004). Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in lung epithelial cells: molecular mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol ... 2002) working on cell free assays and intact cells, showed that the dietary polyphenols- myricetin, baicalein (5,6,7- ...
... most commonly certain types of tumors that occur in the lungs, kidneys, ovaries , and thyroid (a butterfly-shaped gland in the ... DICER1 syndrome is also associated with tumors in the ovaries known as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which typically develop in ... Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors usually do not metastasize.. People with DICER1 syndrome are also at risk of multinodular goiter, ... Some Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors release the male sex hormone testosterone; in these cases, affected women may develop facial ...
Leydig cell tumors comprise 1-3% of testicular tumors. Although they arise at any age, most patients are 20-60 years old. They ... The tumor cells may display endocrine atypia. Occasionally, cells may have adipose differentiation, which should not be ... Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (usually multifocal, often bilateral, more stroma, calcifications, intratubular growth ... The differential diagnosis includes nodular Leydig cell hyperplasia (associated with cryptorchidism, usually 1 cm or less, ...
In males, there was an increase in Leydig cell tumors at the highest dose tested. This finding is of questionable significance ... because the endocrine mechanisms believed to be involved in the production of Leydig cell tumors in rats are not relevant to ... Low red blood cells (hemolytic anemia). Tell your healthcare provider if you have any of the following signs or symptoms: *you ... No drug-related tumors were observed in females.. In a 26-week carcinogenicity study in P53-knockout transgenic mice, there was ...
Tumor (M8000/1) - see also Neoplasm, by site, unspecified nature*. Leydig cell (M8650/1)*. benign (M8650/0)*. specified site - ... Leydig cell*. tumor (M8650/1)*. benign (M8650/0)*. specified site - see Neoplasm, by site, benign ... rete cell (M8140/0) 222.0. *. Sertoli cell (M8640/0)*. with lipid storage (M8641/0)*. specified site - see Neoplasm, by site, ... Sertoli-Leydig cell (M8631/0)*. specified site, - see Neoplasm, by site, benign ...
Other tumors of nongerminal origin include Leydigs cell tumors, Sertolis cell tumors and gonadoblas-toma. Serum AFP is ... Leydigs cells produce testosterone, and 30 percent of patients with Leydigs cell tumors present with gynecomastia. The ... Some nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) can also spread hematogenously and present with pulmonary manifestations. ... An elevated AFP level implies NSGCT or mixed tumor. About one half of NSGCT and mixed tumors will secrete beta HCG, as will ...
Leydig cell) tumors were increased in males on all three drugs.. 2. A gallstone prevalence substudy of 450 Helsinki Heart Study ... Male rats had a dose-related and statistically significant increase of benign Leydig cell tumors. The higher dose female rats ... The incidence of cancer (excluding basal cell carcinoma) discovered during the trial and in the 3.5 years after the trial was ... of mortality from coronary heart disease has not been demonstrated and because liver and interstitial cell testicular tumors ...
Precocious Puberty Associated with Testicular Hormone-secreting Leydig Cell Tumor. [online] [Accessed on 30 June 2022] ... Abnormal cells in the testicle called germ cell neoplasia (which are often discovered during an infertility test) ... If tumour markers for hCG and AFP are normal and findings on a physical exam or ultrasound are inconclusive, the best advice is ... Testicular cancer needs to be caught early to prevent cancer cells from spreading. It can metastasise to the lungs and lymph ...
Leydig cell) tumors were increased in males on all three drugs.. 2. A gallstone prevalence substudy of 450 Helsinki Heart Study ... Male rats had a dose-related and statistically significant increase of benign Leydig cell tumors. The higher dose female rats ... The incidence of cancer (excluding basal cell carcinoma) discovered during the trial and in the 3.5 years after the trial was ... of mortality from coronary heart disease has not been demonstrated and because liver and interstitial cell testicular tumors ...
  • Leydig cell tumour, also Leydig cell tumor (US spelling), (testicular) interstitial cell tumour and (testicular) interstitial cell tumor (US spelling), is a member of the sex cord-stromal tumour group of ovarian and testicular cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • These tumors can be pure or can be mixed with other sex cord-stromal or germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, Leydig cell testicular neoplasms are the most common sex cord-stromal tumors and comprise 1-3% of all testicular neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Sertoli-Lydig cell tumors (SLCTs), also known as androblastoma or arrhenoblastoma , are a type of sex cord-stromal tumor that originates in the ovaries. (knowcancer.com)
  • Inhibin A is a sensitive and specific marker for testicular sex cord-stromal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Stromal tumors of the ovary include germ-cell tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, and other more rare types. (medscape.com)
  • Patterns of metastasis in sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: can routine staging lymphadenectomy be omitted? (cancercentrum.se)
  • Patterns of spread and recurrence of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • [ 9 ] Leydig cells are located within the interstitium of the testis, between the seminiferous tubules, and produce testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone. (medscape.com)
  • Increased incidence of Leydig cell tumours of the testis in the era of improved imaging techniques. (medscape.com)
  • Augusto D, Leteurtre E, De La Taille A, Gosselin B, Leroy X. Calretinin: a valuable marker of normal and neoplastic Leydig cells of the testis. (medscape.com)
  • Al-Agha OM, Axiotis CA. An in-depth look at Leydig cell tumor of the testis. (medscape.com)
  • We report the clinical and hormonal findings in two boys with isosexual precocity secondary to Leydig cell tumor of the testis. (jamanetwork.com)
  • We present our experience in performing testis sparing surgery (TSS) to treat sequential bilateral testicular tumors. (canjurol.com)
  • Tumor formation generally start in cells in leydig cells in the testis that normally make male sex hormones. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Typical gross pathology of a Leydig cell tumor (in this case of the ovary): A well circumscribed, solid homogeneous mass with golden brown to brownish green cut surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The final pathology showed a poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumor at the right ovary and hilus cell hyperplasia at the left ovary. (aejog.com)
  • UTROSCT lacks FOXL2 and DICER1 mutations, which are found in granulosa cell tumors and Sertoli Leydig cell tumors of the ovary, respectively. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • The term "ovarian cancer" is often used to describe cancers that begin in the cells in the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum. (cancer.net)
  • Mutation of FOXL2 in granulosa-cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • A current perspective on the pathological assessment of FOXL2 in adult-type granulosa cell tumours of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The prevalence and prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy in clinically early stage malignant germ cell tumour of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Pectasides D, Pectasides E, Psyrri A. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Retroperitoneal nodal metastasis in primary and recurrent granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Ayhan A, Salman MC, Velipasaoglu M, Sakinci M, Yuce K. Prognostic factors in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of patients with adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The prognosis is generally good as the tumour tends to grow slowly and usually is benign: 10% are malignant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radical orchiectomy was once the primary treatment for Leydig cell tumors, and it remains in use for malignant cases. (medscape.com)
  • less than 5% of these tumors are malignant (cancerous). (knowcancer.com)
  • Malignant tumors may require further chemotherapy or radiation therapy following the operation. (knowcancer.com)
  • Bertram KA, Bratloff B, Hodges GF, Davidson H. Treatment of malignant Leydig cell tumor. (medscape.com)
  • DICER1 syndrome, also known as DICER1-pleuropulmonary blastoma familial tumor predisposition syndrome, is a condition in which an individual is born with genetic changes that predispose him or her to develop benign and malignant tumors during childhood, through adolescence and, rarely, as an adult. (choa.org)
  • Red, scaly plaque, microscopically characterized by the spread of malignant cells within the epithelium, occasionally with invasion of underlying dermis. (brainscape.com)
  • Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5/6 was applied on cell block sections of 23 cases of benign and 25 cases of malignant breast lesions using avidin biotin peroxidase technique. (ijpmonline.org)
  • A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow, invade, and spread to other parts of the body. (cancer.net)
  • Pauniaho SL, Salonen J, Helminen M, Vettenranta K, Heikinheimo M, Heikinheimo O. The incidences of malignant gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in males and females: a population-based study covering over 40 years in Finland. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Conservative surgery to preserve ovarian function in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Unlike germ cell tumors of the testicles, this tumor does not seem to be linked to undescended testes . (medlineplus.gov)
  • A Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour is a combination of a Leydig cell tumour and a Sertoli cell tumour from Sertoli cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: a rare ovarian neoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sertoli-Lydig cell tumors are very rare. (knowcancer.com)
  • If the tumor is accompanied by high levels of testosterone, the tumor could be a Sertoli-Lydic cell tumor. (knowcancer.com)
  • Objective: To report the rare case of a patient with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) with Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) (47, XXY) presenting a Sertoli/Leydig cell tumor discovered during the gonadectomy. (remedypublications.com)
  • To synthesize the evidence on Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour (SLCT) relapses, and identify the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with recurrent SLCT. (nih.gov)
  • We present a case report regarding a 71-year-old woman with postmenopausal virilization caused by ovarian hilus cell hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor who was suffered from hair loss, clitoromegaly and hirsutism. (aejog.com)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which are relatively less common, are extremely rare to be seen in the postmenopausal period. (aejog.com)
  • What distinguishes this case from others is that Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and hilus cell hyperplasia may cause virilization symptoms together, in addition to its prevalence in advanced age. (aejog.com)
  • Ertan B, Ozgozen E, Ilgen O, Bulbul G, Saatli B, Ulukus C. Ovarian Hilus Cell Hyperplasia and Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with Postmenopausal Virilization: a Rare Case Report. (aejog.com)
  • DICER1 syndrome is also associated with tumors in the ovaries known as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, which typically develop in affected women in their teens or twenties. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors usually do not metastasize. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There are two main types of testicular tumors known as Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Common phenotypes of DICER1 syndrome include PPB, MNG, cystic nephroma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour. (bmj.com)
  • The two main types of stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumors and Sertoli cell tumors. (mountsinai.org)
  • The tumor consists of sex cord-like and mesenchymal differentiation with various possible components, including Sertoli-like tubules, nested granulosa-like architecture, retiform growth, lipidized cells, Leydig-like cells, stromal cells with infiltrative growth, and solid sheets of smooth muscle-like cells. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • The patient aged 14 at time of partial thyroidectomy later manifested a Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor at age 15. (hypothes.is)
  • The normal sertoli cells generally support and nourish the sperm making germ cells and the same like leydig cells do not respond well to chemotherapy or radiation. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Since these tumors are typically benign and their growth is slow, outlook is generally very positive. (knowcancer.com)
  • The mutation increases the overall risk for affected children to develop cancer or a number of benign tumors, especially at younger ages. (choa.org)
  • A tumor can be cancerous or benign. (cancer.net)
  • A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will not spread. (cancer.net)
  • Boys with estrogen-secreting tumors may present with feminizing symptoms such as gynecomastia , breast tenderness, and gonadogenital underdevelopment. (medscape.com)
  • In adults with estrogen-secreting tumors, symptoms such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction , and infertility have been reported. (medscape.com)
  • This gene, often called a tumor suppressor gene, cannot protect cells from becoming cancerous when it isn't working properly. (choa.org)
  • More research is needed to determine when and why the cells that produce sperm can sometimes become a cancerous mass. (aia.com)
  • However, hormonal disturbances, in Leydig tumours, is present in only 2/3 of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular Leydig cell tumours can be detected sonographically, ultrasound examinations may be ordered in the event of a palpable scrotal lump, however incidental identification of these lesions is also possible. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reinke crystals are classically found in these tumours and help confirm the diagnosis, although they are seen in less than half of all Leydig cell tumours. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunohistochemical markers of Leydig cell tumours include inhibin-alpha, calretinin, and melan-A. The usual chemotherapy regimen has limited efficacy in tumours of this type, although imatinib has shown some promise. (wikipedia.org)
  • They increase the tumor marker protein called alpha fetoprotein as well as HCG. (planetayurveda.net)
  • This type also increases the alpha fetoprotein levels in tumors. (planetayurveda.net)
  • These differences indicate that a dexamethasone suppression test may be required to differentiate between Leydig cell tumors and congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia with adrenal rest tissue located within the testes. (jamanetwork.com)
  • citation needed] Due to excess testosterone secreted by the tumour, one-third of female patients present with a recent history of progressive masculinization. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are the cells in the testicles that release the male hormone, testosterone . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although these tumors usually secrete testosterone, the production of estrogen, progesterone, and corticosteroids has also been described. (medscape.com)
  • Estrogen excess and feminizing syndromes may occur from the peripheral aromatization of testosterone or from the direct production of estradiol by the tumor itself. (medscape.com)
  • Purpose: Undercarboxylated-Osteocalcin (ucOCN), acting on its putative receptor GPRC6A, was shown to stimulate of testosterone (T) production by Leydig cells in rodents, in parallel with the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) mediated by luteinizing hormone (LH). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • As men age, their testosterone tends to bind to a blood protein rendering the testosterone unavailable to cells throughout the body. (lifeextension.com)
  • In a study using testes cells from mice, they confirmed that pomegranate extract raised testosterone production. (lifeextension.com)
  • As a result, cells from the tumor must be biopsied (excised) and studied under a microscope for an accurate diagnosis. (knowcancer.com)
  • Not all individuals with a diagnosis of DICER1 syndrome will develop tumors or cancer. (choa.org)
  • The differential diagnosis includes endometrial stromal tumor with sex cord-like differentiation, endometrial carcinoma with sex cord-like differentiation, adenosarcoma with extensive sex cord-like differentiation, and mesonephric adenocarcinoma. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Unlike germ cell testicular tumors, Leydig cell neoplasms are not associated with cryptorchidism . (medscape.com)
  • Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian steroid cell neoplasms. (scite.ai)
  • Because the surfaces of the ovaries, the lining of the fallopian tubes, and the covering cells of the peritoneum are made up of the same types of cells, most of these diseases look alike under a microscope. (cancer.net)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Incidence and occurrence of second primary tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • Mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumors are of Mullerian origin. (cytojournal.com)
  • They represent less than 0.2% of all ovarian tumors . (knowcancer.com)
  • Ovarian tumors are diagnosed by a physician during a pelvic exam or other physical examination. (knowcancer.com)
  • Virilizing ovarian tumors (VOT) and ovarian stromal hyperthecosis (OH) are the most common hyperandrogenism etiologies in the postmenopausal women. (usp.br)
  • most individuals with genetic changes associated with this condition never develop tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with DICER1 syndrome who develop tumors most commonly develop pleuropulmonary blastoma, which is characterized by tumors that grow in lung tissue or in the outer covering of the lungs (the pleura). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prognosis of SLCT depends on the stage and degree of differentiation of the tumor. (knowcancer.com)
  • Leydig cell tumors (see the image below) are rare testicular tumors of the gonadal interstitium that may be hormonally active and lead to feminizing or virilizing syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes due to tumor-mediated factors lead to various presentations. (medscape.com)
  • As Leydig cell tumors are rare, these treatments have not been studied as much as treatments for other, more common testicular cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These cancers grow from germ cells, the cells that make sperm. (mountsinai.org)
  • Most of the testicular cancers arise from germinal cell tumors and spread rapidly. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Greater than 95%of testicular cancers start with germ cells. (planetayurveda.net)
  • These Are the less developed cancers with cells that appear like embryos in their early stages. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Testicular cancer needs to be caught early to prevent cancer cells from spreading. (aia.com)
  • Tumors around the testicular area are considered to be one of the most promising signs of being affected by testicular cancer. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • The tumors that form in almost 90 percent of testicular cancer cases will be painless, but some patients may experience a heavy sensation in the scrotum area. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Once cancer is found, the first step is to determine the type of cancer cell by examining it under a microscope. (mountsinai.org)
  • Testicular cancer is a condition in which the unusual cell grows out of control in the tissue of one or both of the testes. (planetayurveda.net)
  • These types of cancer begin when healthy cells in these areas change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. (cancer.net)
  • Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of cancer death from gynecologic tumors in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian granulosa cell tumor and increased risk of breast cancer. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Pathologic evaluation of the removed tumors revealed immature teratoma and Leydig cell tumor. (canjurol.com)
  • Other symptoms depend on age and the type of tumour. (wikipedia.org)
  • PDE8 is responsible of cAMP hydrolysis and its expression has been characterized in all steroidogenic cell types in rodents including adrenal and Leydig cells in rodents however scarce data are currently available in humans. (uniroma1.it)
  • Presence of an ovarian tumour plus hormonal disturbances suggests a Leydig cell tumour, granulosa cell tumour or thecoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mayr D, Hirschmann A, Marlow S, Horvath C, Diebold J. Analysis of selected oncogenes (AKT1, FOS, BCL2L2, TGFbeta) on chromosome 14 in granulosa cell tumors (GCTs): a comprehensive study on 30 GCTs combining comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence-in situ-hybridization (FISH). (cancercentrum.se)
  • Ovulatory surges of human CG prevent hormone-induced granulosa cell tumor formation leading to the identification of tumor-associated changes in the transcriptome. (cancercentrum.se)
  • CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Bjorkholm E, Silfversward C. Granulosa- and theca-cell tumors. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Treatment for SLCT depends upon the age of the patient, the degree of differentiation of the tumor, and whether or not the tumor has ruptured. (knowcancer.com)
  • Taken together our findings suggest that 1) a specific pool(s) of cAMP is/are regulated by PDE8A during spermiogenesis pointing out a possible new role of this PDE8 isoform in key events governing the differentiation and maturation of human sperm and 2) PDE8B can be involved in Leydig cell transformation. (uniroma1.it)
  • Through this role in regulating the activity (expression) of genes, the Dicer protein is involved in many processes, including cell growth and division (proliferation) and the maturation of cells to take on specialized functions (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Therefore, the MAPK family governs almost all the physiological functions and processes such as cell adaptation, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and programmed cell death. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As the abnormal growth of cells in the brain leads of brain tumor, similarly, the uncharacteristic d. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • Characterized byvtche presence of tumor necrosis, cytologic atypia and mitotic activity. (brainscape.com)
  • Inflammatory cytokines in the testes and serum, including interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), were measured using ELISA and RT-qPCR. (hindawi.com)
  • Increasing evidences indicate that the imbalance among these pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), and IL-10, in testicular cells can result in orchitis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • and in type III, the growth is a solid tumor that can fill a large portion of the chest. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Light will not transmit through a solid tumor, while a hydrocele will glow a soft red color. (aafp.org)
  • This can be done because the tumour is typically unifocal, not associated with precancerous lesions, and is unlikely to recur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through their hormonal balance, these cells play an important role in the development of secondary male characteristics and spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • The hormonal profile at the initial evaluation was quite different in the two cases suggesting differences in steroid biosynthesis by the tumors. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Enucleation for prepubertal leydig cell tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Mosaicism is a phenomenon where two genetically distinct populations of cells arise following postzygotic acquisition in one cell of a de novo mutation. (bmj.com)
  • While the tumour can occur at any age, it occurs most often in young adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • These tumors occur in infants and young children and are rare in adults. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Stromal tumors usually occur during childhood. (mountsinai.org)
  • It has many synonyms like endodermal sinus tumor, infantile embryonal carcinoma and orchid blastoma. (planetayurveda.net)
  • Solitary tumors of the uterus which arise de novo from the mesenchymal cells of the myometrium. (brainscape.com)
  • The rate of living theory is closely related to the "wear and tear" theory of aging, that our bodies are (except for our germ cells) made up of "post-mitotic cells," unable to continue dividing once growth is complete, and so must die when those cells are "worn out. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • By the middle of the 20th century, those ideas had been disproved in many ways, but in the 1960s Leonard Hayflick renewed for a time the doctrine of aging as the wearing out of unrenewable cells, with his doctrine that somatic cells (non-germ cells) have an absolute limit of 50 replications. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
  • They contain eggs, also called germ cells. (cancer.net)
  • The patients were diagnosed with secondary testicular tumors in the contralateral testes on follow up. (canjurol.com)
  • Secondary tumors are uncommon. (cytojournal.com)
  • Long-Term Follow-Up Using Testicle-Sparing Surgery for Leydig Cell Tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Radiation therapy using high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays may be used after surgery to prevent the tumor from returning. (mountsinai.org)
  • If it is secreting androgens the tumour is usually asymptomatic, but can cause precocious puberty in pre-pubertal boys. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adults with androgen-secreting tumors are generally asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • This approach involves an inguinal or scrotal incision and ultrasound guidance if the tumour is non-palpable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging: Can reveal small nonpalpable Leydig cell tumors that are not visible on ultrasound. (medscape.com)
  • If tumour markers for hCG and AFP are normal and findings on a physical exam or ultrasound are inconclusive, the best advice is to repeat the ultrasound in six to eight weeks. (aia.com)
  • People with DICER1 syndrome are also at risk of multinodular goiter, which is enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by the growth of multiple fluid-filled or solid tumors (both referred to as nodules). (medlineplus.gov)
  • On gross exam 5.0 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm tumor was found in the left side of the uterine corpus and did not involve the cervix. (cedars-sinai.edu)
  • Produces a "barrel cervix" if the tumor encircles the cervix and invades the underlying stroma. (brainscape.com)